Codebase list python-faraday / 2452382
Updated version 2.5.0 from 'upstream/2.5.0' with Debian dir a3bee837ae525571bc3a37e12494340f7b8ead1d Sophie Brun 6 years ago
98 changed file(s) with 8830 addition(s) and 3166 deletion(s). Raw diff Collapse all Expand all
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AUTHORS less more
00 The PRIMARY AUTHORS are:
11
2 * German Riera
32 * Daniel Foguelman
43 * Esteban Guillardoy
4 * Ezequiel Tavella
55 * Facundo de Guzmán
66 * Federico Kirschbaum
7 * Matias Ariel Ré Medina
87 * Francisco Amato
98 * Franco Linares
10 * Micaela Ranea Sánchez
11 * Ezequiel Tavella
9 * German Riera
1210 * Joaquín López Pereyra
1311 * Martín Rocha
12 * Matias Ariel Ré Medina
13 * Micaela Ranea Sánchez
1414
1515 Project contributors
1616
17 * Alejandro Parodi
1718 * Andrés López Luksenberg
19 * Andres Tarantini
20 * Brice Samulenok
21 * Elian Gidoni
22 * Federico Fernandez
23 * James Jara
1824 * Juan Urbano
19 * Elian Gidoni
20 * Andres Tarantini
25 * Korantin Auguste
2126 * Martin Tartarelli
2227 * Ronald Iraheta
28 * Roberto Focke
29 * Sebastian Kulesz
30 * Sliim
2331 * Thierry Beauquier
24 * Brice Samulenok
32 * tsxltjecwb
2533 * Ulisses Albuquerque
26 * Alejandro Parodi
27 * Federico Fernandez
2834 * xtr4nge
29 * Roberto Focke
30 * James Jara
31 * tsxltjecwb
32 * Sliim
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README.md less more
2626
2727 ![platform](https://raw.github.com/wiki/infobyte/faraday/images/platform/supported.png)
2828
29 Read more about [supported platforms and installation specifics] (https://github.com/infobyte/faraday/wiki/First-steps).
29 Read more about [supported platforms and installation specifics](https://github.com/infobyte/faraday/wiki/First-steps).
3030
3131 #### Quick install
3232
4848
4949 Already a user and have a question or bug report? Check out our [FAQ](https://github.com/infobyte/faraday/wiki/FAQ) and [troubleshooting](https://github.com/infobyte/faraday/wiki/troubleshooting) pages. If you're still having troubles you can [open a ticket](https://github.com/infobyte/faraday/issues/new).
5050
51 Join our community! Subscribe to our [mailing list](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/faradaysec) or find us on Twitter [@faradaysec] (https://twitter.com/faradaysec)
51 Join our community! Subscribe to our [mailing list](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/faradaysec) or find us on Twitter [@faradaysec](https://twitter.com/faradaysec)
5252
5353 Do you have a question? Troubleshooting? Joing our IRC channel #faraday-dev in [freenode](ircs://irc.freenode.net/faraday-dev) or access directly from this link: [![Visit our IRC channel](https://kiwiirc.com/buttons/irc.freenode.org/faraday-dev.png)](https://kiwiirc.com/client/irc.freenode.org/?nick=faraday_gi|?#faraday-dev)
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RELEASE.md less more
66
77 New features in the latest update
88 =====================================
9
10 May 24, 2017:
11 ---
12 * Fixed bug when editing workspaces created in GTK
13 * Improved host search in the WEB UI
14 * Extended the config to support different searching engines in the WEB UI
15 * Check that client and server versions match when connecting
16 * Adds the 'v' and 'version' argument for both the server and the client
17 * Fixed "refresh" button in the Web UI
18 * Fix API on /ws/<workspace> with duration object None
19 * Added a CRUD for Credentials to the Web UI
20 * Bug fixes on the Burp Online Plugin
21 * Added a script to connect with Reposify
22 * Fixed Hostname import in Nessus Plugin
23 * Make plugin methods log() and devlog() work again
24 * Fixed bug in SQLMap plugin that made the client freeze
25 * Improved SQLMap plugin to support more options and to show errors in GTK log console
26 * Fixed bug when creating/updating Credentials
27 * Improve plugins usage of vulnweb URL fields
28 * Fixed order of Report Plugins in the GTK import list
929
1030 March 17, 2017:
1131 ---
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VERSION less more
0 2.4.0
0 2.5.0
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config/configuration.py less more
151151 self._version = self._getValue(tree, CONST_VERSION)
152152 self._last_workspace = self._getValue(tree, CONST_LAST_WORKSPACE, default = "untitled")
153153 self._plugin_settings = json.loads(self._getValue(tree, CONST_PLUGIN_SETTINGS, default = "{}"))
154 self._osint = json.loads(self._getValue(tree, CONST_OSINT, default = "{\"host\": \"shodan.io\",\"icon\": \"shodan\",\"label\": \"Shodan\"}"))
154 self._osint = json.loads(self._getValue(tree, CONST_OSINT, default = "{\"host\": \"shodan.io\",\"icon\": \"shodan\",\"label\": \"Shodan\", \"prefix\": \"/search?query=\", \"suffix\": \"\", \"use_external_icon\": false}"))
155155
156156 self._updates_uri = self._getValue(tree, CONST_UPDATEURI, default = "https://www.faradaysec.com/scripts/updates.php")
157157 self._tkts_uri = self._getValue(tree, CONST_TKTURI,default = "https://www.faradaysec.com/scripts/listener.php")
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config/default.xml less more
11 <faraday>
22
33 <appname>Faraday - Penetration Test IDE</appname>
4 <version>2.4.0</version>
4 <version>2.5.0</version>
55 <debug_status>0</debug_status>
66 <font>-Misc-Fixed-medium-r-normal-*-12-100-100-100-c-70-iso8859-1</font>
77 <home_path>~/</home_path>
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config/globals.py less more
2222 CONST_FARADAY_BASE_CFG = "config/default.xml"
2323 CONST_FARADAY_USER_CFG = "config/config.xml"
2424 CONST_LICENSES_DB = "faraday_licenses"
25 CONST_VULN_MODEL_DB = "cwe"
2526 CONST_BLACKDBS = ('cwe','reports', CONST_LICENSES_DB)
2627
2728 CONST_USER_HOME = "~"
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data/cwe.csv less more
0 cwe,name,desc_summary,description,resolution,exploitation,references
1 CWE-119,Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (Type: Class),"The software performs operations on a memory buffer, but it can read from or write to a memory location that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer.","Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
0 cwe,name,description,resolution,exploitation,references
1 CWE-119,EN-Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (Type: Class),"The software performs operations on a memory buffer, but it can read from or write to a memory location that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer.
2 Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
23 As a result, an attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code, alter the intended control flow, read sensitive information, or cause the system to crash.",,High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Public Enemy #1: The Buffer Overrun"" Page 127; Chapter 14, ""Prevent I18N Buffer Overruns"" Page 441
34 Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
45 Safe C String Library v1.0.3: http://www.zork.org/safestr/
89 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx
910 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Memory Corruption"", Page 167.
1011 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Protection Mechanisms"", Page 189."
11 CWE-123,Write-what-where Condition (Type: Base),"Any condition where the attacker has the ability to write an arbitrary value to an arbitrary location, often as the result of a buffer overflow.","A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
12 CWE-129,Improper Validation of Array Index (Type: Base),"The product uses untrusted input when calculating or using an array index, but the product does not validate or incorrectly validates the index to ensure the index references a valid position within the array.","This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Array Indexing Errors"" Page 144
12 CWE-123,EN-Write-what-where Condition (Type: Base),"Any condition where the attacker has the ability to write an arbitrary value to an arbitrary location, often as the result of a buffer overflow.
13 A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
14 CWE-129,EN-Improper Validation of Array Index (Type: Base),"The product uses untrusted input when calculating or using an array index, but the product does not validate or incorrectly validates the index to ensure the index references a valid position within the array.
15 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Array Indexing Errors"" Page 144
1316 Top 25 Series - Rank 14 - Improper Validation of Array Index: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/12/top-25-series-rank-14-improper-validation-of-array-index/
1417 Address Space Layout Randomization in Windows Vista: http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_howard/archive/2006/05/26/address-space-layout-randomization-in-windows-vista.aspx
1518 PaX: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PaX
1619 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx
1720 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
1821 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
19 CWE-194,Unexpected Sign Extension (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation on a number that causes it to be sign extended when it is transformed into a larger data type. When the original number is negative, this can produce unexpected values that lead to resultant weaknesses.",This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.,,High,"C Language Issues for Application Security: http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=686170&seqNum=6
22 CWE-194,EN-Unexpected Sign Extension (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation on a number that causes it to be sign extended when it is transformed into a larger data type. When the original number is negative, this can produce unexpected values that lead to resultant weaknesses.
23 This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.",,High,"C Language Issues for Application Security: http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=686170&seqNum=6
2024 Integral Security: http://www.ddj.com/security/193501774"
21 CWE-20,Improper Input Validation (Type: Class),The product does not validate or incorrectly validates input that can affect the control flow or data flow of a program.,"When software does not validate input properly, an attacker is able to craft the input in a form that is not expected by the rest of the application. This will lead to parts of the system receiving unintended input, which may result in altered control flow, arbitrary control of a resource, or arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Input Validation with ESAPI - Very Important: http://manicode.blogspot.com/2008/08/input-validation-with-esapi.html
25 CWE-20,EN-Improper Input Validation (Type: Class),"The product does not validate or incorrectly validates input that can affect the control flow or data flow of a program.
26 When software does not validate input properly, an attacker is able to craft the input in a form that is not expected by the rest of the application. This will lead to parts of the system receiving unintended input, which may result in altered control flow, arbitrary control of a resource, or arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Input Validation with ESAPI - Very Important: http://manicode.blogspot.com/2008/08/input-validation-with-esapi.html
2227 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
2328 Hacking Exposed Web Applications, Second Edition: Input Validation Attacks
2429 Input validation or output filtering, which is better?: http://jeremiahgrossman.blogspot.com/2007/01/input-validation-or-output-filtering.html
2530 The importance of input validation: http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/tip/0,289483,sid92_gci1214373,00.html
2631 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 10, ""All Input Is Evil!"" Page 341"
27 CWE-200,Information Exposure (Type: Class),An information exposure is the intentional or unintentional disclosure of information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.,"The information either
32 CWE-200,EN-Information Exposure (Type: Class),"An information exposure is the intentional or unintentional disclosure of information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.
33 The information either
2834 is regarded as sensitive within the product's own functionality, such as a private message; or
2935 provides information about the product or its environment that could be useful in an attack but is normally not available to the attacker, such as the installation path of a product that is remotely accessible.
3036 Many information exposures are resultant (e.g. PHP script error revealing the full path of the program), but they can also be primary (e.g. timing discrepancies in cryptography). There are many different types of problems that involve information exposures. Their severity can range widely depending on the type of information that is revealed.",,High,Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/
31 CWE-209,Information Exposure Through an Error Message (Type: Base),"The software generates an error message that includes sensitive information about its environment, users, or associated data.","The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,High,"Information Leakage: http://www.webappsec.org/projects/threat/classes/information_leakage.shtml
37 CWE-209,EN-Information Exposure Through an Error Message (Type: Base),"The software generates an error message that includes sensitive information about its environment, users, or associated data.
38 The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,High,"Information Leakage: http://www.webappsec.org/projects/threat/classes/information_leakage.shtml
3239 Secure Programming with Static Analysis: Section 9.2, page 326.
3340 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 16, ""General Good Practices."" Page 415
3441 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183
3542 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191
3643 Top 25 Series - Rank 16 - Information Exposure Through an Error Message: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/17/top-25-series-rank-16-information-exposure-through-an-error-message
3744 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Overly Verbose Error Messages"", Page 75."
38 CWE-234,Failure to Handle Missing Parameter (Type: Variant),"If too few arguments are sent to a function, the function will still pop the expected number of arguments from the stack. Potentially, a variable number of arguments could be exhausted in a function as well.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,High,
39 CWE-242,Use of Inherently Dangerous Function (Type: Base),The program calls a function that can never be guaranteed to work safely.,"Certain functions behave in dangerous ways regardless of how they are used. Functions in this category were often implemented without taking security concerns into account. The gets() function is unsafe because it does not perform bounds checking on the size of its input. An attacker can easily send arbitrarily-sized input to gets() and overflow the destination buffer. Similarly, the >> operator is unsafe to use when reading into a statically-allocated character array because it does not perform bounds checking on the size of its input. An attacker can easily send arbitrarily-sized input to the >> operator and overflow the destination buffer.",,High,"Herb Schildt's C++ Programming Cookbook: Chapter 5. Working with I/O
45 CWE-234,EN-Failure to Handle Missing Parameter (Type: Variant),"If too few arguments are sent to a function, the function will still pop the expected number of arguments from the stack. Potentially, a variable number of arguments could be exhausted in a function as well.
46 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,High,
47 CWE-242,EN-Use of Inherently Dangerous Function (Type: Base),"The program calls a function that can never be guaranteed to work safely.
48 Certain functions behave in dangerous ways regardless of how they are used. Functions in this category were often implemented without taking security concerns into account. The gets() function is unsafe because it does not perform bounds checking on the size of its input. An attacker can easily send arbitrarily-sized input to gets() and overflow the destination buffer. Similarly, the >> operator is unsafe to use when reading into a statically-allocated character array because it does not perform bounds checking on the size of its input. An attacker can easily send arbitrarily-sized input to the >> operator and overflow the destination buffer.",,High,"Herb Schildt's C++ Programming Cookbook: Chapter 5. Working with I/O
4049 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""gets and fgets"" Page 163"
41 CWE-243,Creation of chroot Jail Without Changing Working Directory (Type: Variant),"The program uses the chroot() system call to create a jail, but does not change the working directory afterward. This does not prevent access to files outside of the jail.","Improper use of chroot() may allow attackers to escape from the chroot jail. The chroot() function call does not change the process's current working directory, so relative paths may still refer to file system resources outside of the chroot jail after chroot() has been called.",,High,
42 CWE-268,Privilege Chaining (Type: Base),"Two distinct privileges, roles, capabilities, or rights can be combined in a way that allows an entity to perform unsafe actions that would not be allowed without that combination.","Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,High,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
43 CWE-271,Privilege Dropping / Lowering Errors (Type: Class),The software does not drop privileges before passing control of a resource to an actor that does not have those privileges.,"In some contexts, a system executing with elevated permissions will hand off a process/file/etc. to another process or user. If the privileges of an entity are not reduced, then elevated privileges are spread throughout a system and possibly to an attacker.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
50 CWE-243,EN-Creation of chroot Jail Without Changing Working Directory (Type: Variant),"The program uses the chroot() system call to create a jail, but does not change the working directory afterward. This does not prevent access to files outside of the jail.
51 Improper use of chroot() may allow attackers to escape from the chroot jail. The chroot() function call does not change the process's current working directory, so relative paths may still refer to file system resources outside of the chroot jail after chroot() has been called.",,High,
52 CWE-268,EN-Privilege Chaining (Type: Base),"Two distinct privileges, roles, capabilities, or rights can be combined in a way that allows an entity to perform unsafe actions that would not be allowed without that combination.
53 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,High,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
54 CWE-271,EN-Privilege Dropping / Lowering Errors (Type: Class),"The software does not drop privileges before passing control of a resource to an actor that does not have those privileges.
55 In some contexts, a system executing with elevated permissions will hand off a process/file/etc. to another process or user. If the privileges of an entity are not reduced, then elevated privileges are spread throughout a system and possibly to an attacker.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
4456 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Dropping Privileges Permanently"", Page 479."
45 CWE-285,Improper Authorization (Type: Class),The software does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.,"Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
57 CWE-285,EN-Improper Authorization (Type: Class),"The software does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
58 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
4659 When access control checks are not applied consistently - or not at all - users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Role Based Access Control and Role Based Security: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/rbac/
4760 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 4, ""Authorization"" Page 114; Chapter 6, ""Determining Appropriate Access Control"" Page 171
4861 Top 25 Series - Rank 5 - Improper Access Control (Authorization): http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/04/top-25-series-rank-5-improper-access-control-authorization/
5063 Authentication using JAAS: http://www.javaranch.com/journal/2008/04/authentication-using-JAAS.html
5164 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authorization"", Page 39.
5265 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""ACL Inheritance"", Page 649."
53 CWE-291,Reliance on IP Address for Authentication (Type: Variant),The software uses an IP address for authentication.,"IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,
54 CWE-292,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Trusting Self-reported DNS Name (Type: Variant),This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-350. All content has been transferred to CWE-350.,"IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,
55 CWE-293,Using Referer Field for Authentication (Type: Variant),"The referer field in HTTP requests can be easily modified and, as such, is not a valid means of message integrity checking.","IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""Referer Request Header"", Page 1030."
56 CWE-294,Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay (Type: Base),A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the software makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).,"Capture-replay attacks are common and can be difficult to defeat without cryptography. They are a subset of network injection attacks that rely on observing previously-sent valid commands, then changing them slightly if necessary and resending the same commands to the server.",,High,
57 CWE-297,Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch (Type: Variant),"The software communicates with a host that provides a certificate, but the software does not properly ensure that the certificate is actually associated with that host.","Even if a certificate is well-formed, signed, and follows the chain of trust, it may simply be a valid certificate for a different site than the site that the software is interacting with. If the certificate's host-specific data is not properly checked - such as the Common Name (CN) in the Subject or the Subject Alternative Name (SAN) extension of an X.509 certificate - it may be possible for a redirection or spoofing attack to allow a malicious host with a valid certificate to provide data, impersonating a trusted host. In order to ensure data integrity, the certificate must be valid and it must pertain to the site that is being accessed.
66 CWE-291,EN-Reliance on IP Address for Authentication (Type: Variant),"The software uses an IP address for authentication.
67 IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,
68 CWE-292,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Trusting Self-reported DNS Name (Type: Variant),"This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-350. All content has been transferred to CWE-350.
69 IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,
70 CWE-293,EN-Using Referer Field for Authentication (Type: Variant),"The referer field in HTTP requests can be easily modified and, as such, is not a valid means of message integrity checking.
71 IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""Referer Request Header"", Page 1030."
72 CWE-294,EN-Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay (Type: Base),"A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the software makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
73 Capture-replay attacks are common and can be difficult to defeat without cryptography. They are a subset of network injection attacks that rely on observing previously-sent valid commands, then changing them slightly if necessary and resending the same commands to the server.",,High,
74 CWE-297,EN-Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch (Type: Variant),"The software communicates with a host that provides a certificate, but the software does not properly ensure that the certificate is actually associated with that host.
75 Even if a certificate is well-formed, signed, and follows the chain of trust, it may simply be a valid certificate for a different site than the site that the software is interacting with. If the certificate's host-specific data is not properly checked - such as the Common Name (CN) in the Subject or the Subject Alternative Name (SAN) extension of an X.509 certificate - it may be possible for a redirection or spoofing attack to allow a malicious host with a valid certificate to provide data, impersonating a trusted host. In order to ensure data integrity, the certificate must be valid and it must pertain to the site that is being accessed.
5876 Even if the software attempts to check the hostname, it is still possible to incorrectly check the hostname. For example, attackers could create a certificate with a name that begins with a trusted name followed by a NUL byte, which could cause some string-based comparisons to only examine the portion that contains the trusted name.",,High,"The Most Dangerous Code in the World: Validating SSL Certificates in Non-Browser Software: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~shmat/shmat_ccs12.pdf
5977 Why Eve and Mallory Love Android: An Analysis of Android SSL (In)Security: http://www2.dcsec.uni-hannover.de/files/android/p50-fahl.pdf
6078 Secure programming with the OpenSSL API, Part 2: Secure handshake: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-openssl2/index.html
6179 An Introduction to OpenSSL Programming (Part I): http://www.rtfm.com/openssl-examples/part1.pdf
6280 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
63 CWE-308,Use of Single-factor Authentication (Type: Base),The use of single-factor authentication can lead to unnecessary risk of compromise when compared with the benefits of a dual-factor authentication scheme.,"While the use of multiple authentication schemes is simply piling on more complexity on top of authentication, it is inestimably valuable to have such measures of redundancy. The use of weak, reused, and common passwords is rampant on the internet. Without the added protection of multiple authentication schemes, a single mistake can result in the compromise of an account. For this reason, if multiple schemes are possible and also easy to use, they should be implemented and required.",,High,
64 CWE-321,Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key (Type: Base),The use of a hard-coded cryptographic key significantly increases the possibility that encrypted data may be recovered.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
81 CWE-308,EN-Use of Single-factor Authentication (Type: Base),"The use of single-factor authentication can lead to unnecessary risk of compromise when compared with the benefits of a dual-factor authentication scheme.
82 While the use of multiple authentication schemes is simply piling on more complexity on top of authentication, it is inestimably valuable to have such measures of redundancy. The use of weak, reused, and common passwords is rampant on the internet. Without the added protection of multiple authentication schemes, a single mistake can result in the compromise of an account. For this reason, if multiple schemes are possible and also easy to use, they should be implemented and required.",,High,
83 CWE-321,EN-Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key (Type: Base),"The use of a hard-coded cryptographic key significantly increases the possibility that encrypted data may be recovered.
84 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
6585 The '...' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. On some Windows systems, it is equivalent to ""..\.."" and might bypass checks that assume only two dots are valid. Incomplete filtering, such as removal of ""./"" sequences, can ultimately produce valid "".."" sequences due to a collapse into unsafe value (CWE-182).",,High,
66 CWE-322,Key Exchange without Entity Authentication (Type: Base),The software performs a key exchange with an actor without verifying the identity of that actor.,"Performing a key exchange will preserve the integrity of the information sent between two entities, but this will not guarantee that the entities are who they claim they are. This may enable a set of ""man-in-the-middle"" attacks. Typically, this involves a victim client that contacts a malicious server that is impersonating a trusted server. If the client skips authentication or ignores an authentication failure, the malicious server may request authentication information from the user. The malicious server can then use this authentication information to log in to the trusted server using the victim's credentials, sniff traffic between the victim and trusted server, etc.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347
86 CWE-322,EN-Key Exchange without Entity Authentication (Type: Base),"The software performs a key exchange with an actor without verifying the identity of that actor.
87 Performing a key exchange will preserve the integrity of the information sent between two entities, but this will not guarantee that the entities are who they claim they are. This may enable a set of ""man-in-the-middle"" attacks. Typically, this involves a victim client that contacts a malicious server that is impersonating a trusted server. If the client skips authentication or ignores an authentication failure, the malicious server may request authentication information from the user. The malicious server can then use this authentication information to log in to the trusted server using the victim's credentials, sniff traffic between the victim and trusted server, etc.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347
6788 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
68 CWE-323,"Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption (Type: Base)",Nonces should be used for the present occasion and only once.,"Performing a key exchange will preserve the integrity of the information sent between two entities, but this will not guarantee that the entities are who they claim they are. This may enable a set of ""man-in-the-middle"" attacks. Typically, this involves a victim client that contacts a malicious server that is impersonating a trusted server. If the client skips authentication or ignores an authentication failure, the malicious server may request authentication information from the user. The malicious server can then use this authentication information to log in to the trusted server using the victim's credentials, sniff traffic between the victim and trusted server, etc.",,High,
69 CWE-360,Trust of System Event Data (Type: Base),Security based on event locations are insecure and can be spoofed.,"Events are a messaging system which may provide control data to programs listening for events. Events often do not have any type of authentication framework to allow them to be verified from a trusted source. Any application, in Windows, on a given desktop can send a message to any window on the same desktop. There is no authentication framework for these messages. Therefore, any message can be used to manipulate any process on the desktop if the process does not check the validity and safeness of those messages.",,High,
70 CWE-378,Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions (Type: Base),"Opening temporary files without appropriate measures or controls can leave the file, its contents and any function that it impacts vulnerable to attack.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,High,
71 CWE-416,Use After Free (Type: Base),"Referencing memory after it has been freed can cause a program to crash, use unexpected values, or execute code.","The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
89 CWE-323,"EN-Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption (Type: Base)","Nonces should be used for the present occasion and only once.
90 Performing a key exchange will preserve the integrity of the information sent between two entities, but this will not guarantee that the entities are who they claim they are. This may enable a set of ""man-in-the-middle"" attacks. Typically, this involves a victim client that contacts a malicious server that is impersonating a trusted server. If the client skips authentication or ignores an authentication failure, the malicious server may request authentication information from the user. The malicious server can then use this authentication information to log in to the trusted server using the victim's credentials, sniff traffic between the victim and trusted server, etc.",,High,
91 CWE-360,EN-Trust of System Event Data (Type: Base),"Security based on event locations are insecure and can be spoofed.
92 Events are a messaging system which may provide control data to programs listening for events. Events often do not have any type of authentication framework to allow them to be verified from a trusted source. Any application, in Windows, on a given desktop can send a message to any window on the same desktop. There is no authentication framework for these messages. Therefore, any message can be used to manipulate any process on the desktop if the process does not check the validity and safeness of those messages.",,High,
93 CWE-378,EN-Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions (Type: Base),"Opening temporary files without appropriate measures or controls can leave the file, its contents and any function that it impacts vulnerable to attack.
94 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,High,
95 CWE-416,EN-Use After Free (Type: Base),"Referencing memory after it has been freed can cause a program to crash, use unexpected values, or execute code.
96 The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
7297 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances.
7398 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for freeing the memory.
7499 In this scenario, the memory in question is allocated to another pointer validly at some point after it has been freed. The original pointer to the freed memory is used again and points to somewhere within the new allocation. As the data is changed, it corrupts the validly used memory; this induces undefined behavior in the process.
75100 If the newly allocated data chances to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap data. If one of these function pointers is overwritten with an address to valid shellcode, execution of arbitrary code can be achieved.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143"
76 CWE-457,Use of Uninitialized Variable (Type: Variant),"The code uses a variable that has not been initialized, leading to unpredictable or unintended results.","In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,High,"Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
101 CWE-457,EN-Use of Uninitialized Variable (Type: Variant),"The code uses a variable that has not been initialized, leading to unpredictable or unintended results.
102 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,High,"Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
77103 MS08-014 : The Case of the Uninitialized Stack Variable Vulnerability: http://blogs.technet.com/swi/archive/2008/03/11/the-case-of-the-uninitialized-stack-variable-vulnerability.aspx
78104 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143
79105 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
80 CWE-467,Use of sizeof() on a Pointer Type (Type: Variant),"The code calls sizeof() on a malloced pointer type, which always returns the wordsize/8. This can produce an unexpected result if the programmer intended to determine how much memory has been allocated.","Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,High,EXP01-A. Do not take the sizeof a pointer to determine the size of a type: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/EXP01-A.+Do+not+take+the+sizeof+a+pointer+to+determine+the+size+of+a+type
81 CWE-486,Comparison of Classes by Name (Type: Variant),"The program compares classes by name, which can cause it to use the wrong class when multiple classes can have the same name.","If the decision to trust the methods and data of an object is based on the name of a class, it is possible for malicious users to send objects of the same name as trusted classes and thereby gain the trust afforded to known classes and types.",,High,
82 CWE-493,Critical Public Variable Without Final Modifier (Type: Variant),"The product has a critical public variable that is not final, which allows the variable to be modified to contain unexpected values.","If a field is non-final and public, it can be changed once the value is set by any function that has access to the class which contains the field. This could lead to a vulnerability if other parts of the program make assumptions about the contents of that field.",,High,
83 CWE-499,Serializable Class Containing Sensitive Data (Type: Variant),"The code contains a class with sensitive data, but the class does not explicitly deny serialization. The data can be accessed by serializing the class through another class.","Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,High,
84 CWE-500,Public Static Field Not Marked Final (Type: Variant),"An object contains a public static field that is not marked final, which might allow it to be modified in unexpected ways.",Public static variables can be read without an accessor and changed without a mutator by any classes in the application.,,High,
85 CWE-515,Covert Storage Channel (Type: Base),A covert storage channel transfers information through the setting of bits by one program and the reading of those bits by another. What distinguishes this case from that of ordinary operation is that the bits are used to convey encoded information.,"Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,High,
86 CWE-639,Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (Type: Base),The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.,"Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user. It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system. One manifestation of this weakness would be if a system used sequential or otherwise easily guessable session ids that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.",,High,
87 CWE-640,Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password (Type: Base),"The software contains a mechanism for users to recover or change their passwords without knowing the original password, but the mechanism is weak.","It is common for an application to have a mechanism that provides a means for a user to gain access to their account in the event they forget their password. Very often the password recovery mechanism is weak, which has the effect of making it more likely that it would be possible for a person other than the legitimate system user to gain access to that user's account.
106 CWE-467,EN-Use of sizeof() on a Pointer Type (Type: Variant),"The code calls sizeof() on a malloced pointer type, which always returns the wordsize/8. This can produce an unexpected result if the programmer intended to determine how much memory has been allocated.
107 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,High,EXP01-A. Do not take the sizeof a pointer to determine the size of a type: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/EXP01-A.+Do+not+take+the+sizeof+a+pointer+to+determine+the+size+of+a+type
108 CWE-486,EN-Comparison of Classes by Name (Type: Variant),"The program compares classes by name, which can cause it to use the wrong class when multiple classes can have the same name.
109 If the decision to trust the methods and data of an object is based on the name of a class, it is possible for malicious users to send objects of the same name as trusted classes and thereby gain the trust afforded to known classes and types.",,High,
110 CWE-493,EN-Critical Public Variable Without Final Modifier (Type: Variant),"The product has a critical public variable that is not final, which allows the variable to be modified to contain unexpected values.
111 If a field is non-final and public, it can be changed once the value is set by any function that has access to the class which contains the field. This could lead to a vulnerability if other parts of the program make assumptions about the contents of that field.",,High,
112 CWE-499,EN-Serializable Class Containing Sensitive Data (Type: Variant),"The code contains a class with sensitive data, but the class does not explicitly deny serialization. The data can be accessed by serializing the class through another class.
113 Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,High,
114 CWE-500,EN-Public Static Field Not Marked Final (Type: Variant),"An object contains a public static field that is not marked final, which might allow it to be modified in unexpected ways.
115 Public static variables can be read without an accessor and changed without a mutator by any classes in the application.",,High,
116 CWE-515,EN-Covert Storage Channel (Type: Base),"A covert storage channel transfers information through the setting of bits by one program and the reading of those bits by another. What distinguishes this case from that of ordinary operation is that the bits are used to convey encoded information.
117 Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,High,
118 CWE-639,EN-Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (Type: Base),"The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
119 Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user. It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system. One manifestation of this weakness would be if a system used sequential or otherwise easily guessable session ids that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.",,High,
120 CWE-640,EN-Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password (Type: Base),"The software contains a mechanism for users to recover or change their passwords without knowing the original password, but the mechanism is weak.
121 It is common for an application to have a mechanism that provides a means for a user to gain access to their account in the event they forget their password. Very often the password recovery mechanism is weak, which has the effect of making it more likely that it would be possible for a person other than the legitimate system user to gain access to that user's account.
88122 This weakness may be that the security question is too easy to guess or find an answer to (e.g. because it is too common). Or there might be an implementation weakness in the password recovery mechanism code that may for instance trick the system into e-mailing the new password to an e-mail account other than that of the user. There might be no throttling done on the rate of password resets so that a legitimate user can be denied service by an attacker if an attacker tries to recover their password in a rapid succession. The system may send the original password to the user rather than generating a new temporary password. In summary, password recovery functionality, if not carefully designed and implemented can often become the system's weakest link that can be misused in a way that would allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the system. Weak password recovery schemes completely undermine a strong password authentication scheme.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
89 CWE-642,External Control of Critical State Data (Type: Class),"The software stores security-critical state information about its users, or the software itself, in a location that is accessible to unauthorized actors.","If an attacker can modify the state information without detection, then it could be used to perform unauthorized actions or access unexpected resources, since the application programmer does not expect that the state can be changed.
123 CWE-642,EN-External Control of Critical State Data (Type: Class),"The software stores security-critical state information about its users, or the software itself, in a location that is accessible to unauthorized actors.
124 If an attacker can modify the state information without detection, then it could be used to perform unauthorized actions or access unexpected resources, since the application programmer does not expect that the state can be changed.
90125 State information can be stored in various locations such as a cookie, in a hidden web form field, input parameter or argument, an environment variable, a database record, within a settings file, etc. All of these locations have the potential to be modified by an attacker. When this state information is used to control security or determine resource usage, then it may create a vulnerability. For example, an application may perform authentication, then save the state in an ""authenticated=true"" cookie. An attacker may simply create this cookie in order to bypass the authentication.",,High,"Top 10 2007-Insecure Direct Object Reference: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007-A4
91126 HMAC: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hmac
92127 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 4: Use of Magic URLs, Predictable Cookies, and Hidden Form Fields."" Page 75"
93 CWE-643,Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions (XPath Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to dynamically construct an XPath expression used to retrieve data from an XML database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes that input. This allows an attacker to control the structure of the query.","The net effect is that the attacker will have control over the information selected from the XML database and may use that ability to control application flow, modify logic, retrieve unauthorized data, or bypass important checks (e.g. authentication).",,High,"XPath Injection: http://www.webappsec.org/projects/threat/classes/xpath_injection.shtml
128 CWE-643,EN-Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions (XPath Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to dynamically construct an XPath expression used to retrieve data from an XML database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes that input. This allows an attacker to control the structure of the query.
129 The net effect is that the attacker will have control over the information selected from the XML database and may use that ability to control application flow, modify logic, retrieve unauthorized data, or bypass important checks (e.g. authentication).",,High,"XPath Injection: http://www.webappsec.org/projects/threat/classes/xpath_injection.shtml
94130 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""XPath Injection"", Page 1070."
95 CWE-644,Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax (Type: Variant),"The application does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes web scripting syntax in HTTP headers that can be used by web browser components that can process raw headers, such as Flash.","An attacker may be able to conduct cross-site scripting and other attacks against users who have these components enabled.
131 CWE-644,EN-Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax (Type: Variant),"The application does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes web scripting syntax in HTTP headers that can be used by web browser components that can process raw headers, such as Flash.
132 An attacker may be able to conduct cross-site scripting and other attacks against users who have these components enabled.
96133 If an application does not neutralize user controlled data being placed in the header of an HTTP response coming from the server, the header may contain a script that will get executed in the client's browser context, potentially resulting in a cross site scripting vulnerability or possibly an HTTP response splitting attack. It is important to carefully control data that is being placed both in HTTP response header and in the HTTP response body to ensure that no scripting syntax is present, taking various encodings into account.",,High,
97 CWE-645,Overly Restrictive Account Lockout Mechanism (Type: Base),"The software contains an account lockout protection mechanism, but the mechanism is too restrictive and can be triggered too easily. This allows attackers to deny service to legitimate users by causing their accounts to be locked out.","Account lockout is a security feature often present in applications as a countermeasure to the brute force attack on the password based authentication mechanism of the system. After a certain number of failed login attempts, the users' account may be disabled for a certain period of time or until it is unlocked by an administrator. Other security events may also possibly trigger account lockout. However, an attacker may use this very security feature to deny service to legitimate system users. It is therefore important to ensure that the account lockout security mechanism is not overly restrictive.",,High,
98 CWE-646,Reliance on File Name or Extension of Externally-Supplied File (Type: Variant),"The software allows a file to be uploaded, but it relies on the file name or extension of the file to determine the appropriate behaviors. This could be used by attackers to cause the file to be misclassified and processed in a dangerous fashion.","An application might use the file name or extension of of a user-supplied file to determine the proper course of action, such as selecting the correct process to which control should be passed, deciding what data should be made available, or what resources should be allocated. If the attacker can cause the code to misclassify the supplied file, then the wrong action could occur. For example, an attacker could supply a file that ends in a "".php.gif"" extension that appears to be a GIF image, but would be processed as PHP code. In extreme cases, code execution is possible, but the attacker could also cause exhaustion of resources, denial of service, exposure of debug or system data (including application source code), or being bound to a particular server side process. This weakness may be due to a vulnerability in any of the technologies used by the web and application servers, due to misconfiguration, or resultant from another flaw in the application itself.",,High,
99 CWE-647,Use of Non-Canonical URL Paths for Authorization Decisions (Type: Variant),The software defines policy namespaces and makes authorization decisions based on the assumption that a URL is canonical. This can allow a non-canonical URL to bypass the authorization.,"If an application defines policy namespaces and makes authorization decisions based on the URL, but it does not require or convert to a canonical URL before making the authorization decision, then it opens the application to attack. For example, if the application only wants to allow access to http://www.example.com/mypage, then the attacker might be able to bypass this restriction using equivalent URLs such as:
134 CWE-645,EN-Overly Restrictive Account Lockout Mechanism (Type: Base),"The software contains an account lockout protection mechanism, but the mechanism is too restrictive and can be triggered too easily. This allows attackers to deny service to legitimate users by causing their accounts to be locked out.
135 Account lockout is a security feature often present in applications as a countermeasure to the brute force attack on the password based authentication mechanism of the system. After a certain number of failed login attempts, the users' account may be disabled for a certain period of time or until it is unlocked by an administrator. Other security events may also possibly trigger account lockout. However, an attacker may use this very security feature to deny service to legitimate system users. It is therefore important to ensure that the account lockout security mechanism is not overly restrictive.",,High,
136 CWE-646,EN-Reliance on File Name or Extension of Externally-Supplied File (Type: Variant),"The software allows a file to be uploaded, but it relies on the file name or extension of the file to determine the appropriate behaviors. This could be used by attackers to cause the file to be misclassified and processed in a dangerous fashion.
137 An application might use the file name or extension of of a user-supplied file to determine the proper course of action, such as selecting the correct process to which control should be passed, deciding what data should be made available, or what resources should be allocated. If the attacker can cause the code to misclassify the supplied file, then the wrong action could occur. For example, an attacker could supply a file that ends in a "".php.gif"" extension that appears to be a GIF image, but would be processed as PHP code. In extreme cases, code execution is possible, but the attacker could also cause exhaustion of resources, denial of service, exposure of debug or system data (including application source code), or being bound to a particular server side process. This weakness may be due to a vulnerability in any of the technologies used by the web and application servers, due to misconfiguration, or resultant from another flaw in the application itself.",,High,
138 CWE-647,EN-Use of Non-Canonical URL Paths for Authorization Decisions (Type: Variant),"The software defines policy namespaces and makes authorization decisions based on the assumption that a URL is canonical. This can allow a non-canonical URL to bypass the authorization.
139 If an application defines policy namespaces and makes authorization decisions based on the URL, but it does not require or convert to a canonical URL before making the authorization decision, then it opens the application to attack. For example, if the application only wants to allow access to http://www.example.com/mypage, then the attacker might be able to bypass this restriction using equivalent URLs such as:
100140 http://WWW.EXAMPLE.COM/mypage
101141 http://www.example.com/%6Dypage (alternate encoding)
102142 http://192.168.1.1/mypage (IP address)
103143 http://www.example.com/mypage/ (trailing /)
104144 http://www.example.com:80/mypage
105145 Therefore it is important to specify access control policy that is based on the path information in some canonical form with all alternate encodings rejected (which can be accomplished by a default deny rule).",,High,
106 CWE-649,Reliance on Obfuscation or Encryption of Security-Relevant Inputs without Integrity Checking (Type: Base),"The software uses obfuscation or encryption of inputs that should not be mutable by an external actor, but the software does not use integrity checks to detect if those inputs have been modified.","When an application relies on obfuscation or incorrectly applied / weak encryption to protect client-controllable tokens or parameters, that may have an effect on the user state, system state, or some decision made on the server. Without protecting the tokens/parameters for integrity, the application is vulnerable to an attack where an adversary blindly traverses the space of possible values of the said token/parameter in order to attempt to gain an advantage. The goal of the attacker is to find another admissible value that will somehow elevate his or her privileges in the system, disclose information or change the behavior of the system in some way beneficial to the attacker. If the application does not protect these critical tokens/parameters for integrity, it will not be able to determine that these values have been tampered with. Measures that are used to protect data for confidentiality should not be relied upon to provide the integrity service.",,High,
107 CWE-650,Trusting HTTP Permission Methods on the Server Side (Type: Variant),"The server contains a protection mechanism that assumes that any URI that is accessed using HTTP GET will not cause a state change to the associated resource. This might allow attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and conduct resource modification and deletion attacks, since some applications allow GET to modify state.","An application may disallow the HTTP requests to perform DELETE, PUT and POST operations on the resource representation, believing that it will be enough to prevent unintended resource alterations. Even though the HTTP GET specification requires that GET requests should not have side effects, there is nothing in the HTTP protocol itself that prevents the HTTP GET method from performing more than just query of the data. For instance, it is a common practice with REST based Web Services to have HTTP GET requests modifying resources on the server side. Whenever that happens however, the access control needs to be properly enforced in the application. No assumptions should be made that only HTTP DELETE, PUT, and POST methods have the power to alter the representation of the resource being accessed in the request.",,High,
108 CWE-652,Improper Neutralization of Data within XQuery Expressions (XQuery Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to dynamically construct an XQuery expression used to retrieve data from an XML database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes that input. This allows an attacker to control the structure of the query.","The net effect is that the attacker will have control over the information selected from the XML database and may use that ability to control application flow, modify logic, retrieve unauthorized data, or bypass important checks (e.g. authentication).",,High,
109 CWE-676,Use of Potentially Dangerous Function (Type: Base),"The program invokes a potentially dangerous function that could introduce a vulnerability if it is used incorrectly, but the function can also be used safely.","Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,High,"Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) Banned Function Calls: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb288454.aspx
146 CWE-649,EN-Reliance on Obfuscation or Encryption of Security-Relevant Inputs without Integrity Checking (Type: Base),"The software uses obfuscation or encryption of inputs that should not be mutable by an external actor, but the software does not use integrity checks to detect if those inputs have been modified.
147 When an application relies on obfuscation or incorrectly applied / weak encryption to protect client-controllable tokens or parameters, that may have an effect on the user state, system state, or some decision made on the server. Without protecting the tokens/parameters for integrity, the application is vulnerable to an attack where an adversary blindly traverses the space of possible values of the said token/parameter in order to attempt to gain an advantage. The goal of the attacker is to find another admissible value that will somehow elevate his or her privileges in the system, disclose information or change the behavior of the system in some way beneficial to the attacker. If the application does not protect these critical tokens/parameters for integrity, it will not be able to determine that these values have been tampered with. Measures that are used to protect data for confidentiality should not be relied upon to provide the integrity service.",,High,
148 CWE-650,EN-Trusting HTTP Permission Methods on the Server Side (Type: Variant),"The server contains a protection mechanism that assumes that any URI that is accessed using HTTP GET will not cause a state change to the associated resource. This might allow attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and conduct resource modification and deletion attacks, since some applications allow GET to modify state.
149 An application may disallow the HTTP requests to perform DELETE, PUT and POST operations on the resource representation, believing that it will be enough to prevent unintended resource alterations. Even though the HTTP GET specification requires that GET requests should not have side effects, there is nothing in the HTTP protocol itself that prevents the HTTP GET method from performing more than just query of the data. For instance, it is a common practice with REST based Web Services to have HTTP GET requests modifying resources on the server side. Whenever that happens however, the access control needs to be properly enforced in the application. No assumptions should be made that only HTTP DELETE, PUT, and POST methods have the power to alter the representation of the resource being accessed in the request.",,High,
150 CWE-652,EN-Improper Neutralization of Data within XQuery Expressions (XQuery Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to dynamically construct an XQuery expression used to retrieve data from an XML database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes that input. This allows an attacker to control the structure of the query.
151 The net effect is that the attacker will have control over the information selected from the XML database and may use that ability to control application flow, modify logic, retrieve unauthorized data, or bypass important checks (e.g. authentication).",,High,
152 CWE-676,EN-Use of Potentially Dangerous Function (Type: Base),"The program invokes a potentially dangerous function that could introduce a vulnerability if it is used incorrectly, but the function can also be used safely.
153 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,High,"Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) Banned Function Calls: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb288454.aspx
110154 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Safe String Handling"" Page 156, 160
111155 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""C String Handling"", Page 388."
112 CWE-682,Incorrect Calculation (Type: Class),The software performs a calculation that generates incorrect or unintended results that are later used in security-critical decisions or resource management..,"When software performs a security-critical calculation incorrectly, it might lead to incorrect resource allocations, incorrect privilege assignments, or failed comparisons among other things. Many of the direct results of an incorrect calculation can lead to even larger problems such as failed protection mechanisms or even arbitrary code execution.",,High,"SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
156 CWE-682,EN-Incorrect Calculation (Type: Class),"The software performs a calculation that generates incorrect or unintended results that are later used in security-critical decisions or resource management..
157 When software performs a security-critical calculation incorrectly, it might lead to incorrect resource allocations, incorrect privilege assignments, or failed comparisons among other things. Many of the direct results of an incorrect calculation can lead to even larger problems such as failed protection mechanisms or even arbitrary code execution.",,High,"SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
113158 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 7: Integer Overflows."" Page 119
114159 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Signed Integer Boundaries"", Page 220."
115 CWE-78,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (OS Command Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component..","This could allow attackers to execute unexpected, dangerous commands directly on the operating system. This weakness can lead to a vulnerability in environments in which the attacker does not have direct access to the operating system, such as in web applications. Alternately, if the weakness occurs in a privileged program, it could allow the attacker to specify commands that normally would not be accessible, or to call alternate commands with privileges that the attacker does not have. The problem is exacerbated if the compromised process does not follow the principle of least privilege, because the attacker-controlled commands may run with special system privileges that increases the amount of damage.
160 CWE-78,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (OS Command Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component..
161 This could allow attackers to execute unexpected, dangerous commands directly on the operating system. This weakness can lead to a vulnerability in environments in which the attacker does not have direct access to the operating system, such as in web applications. Alternately, if the weakness occurs in a privileged program, it could allow the attacker to specify commands that normally would not be accessible, or to call alternate commands with privileges that the attacker does not have. The problem is exacerbated if the compromised process does not follow the principle of least privilege, because the attacker-controlled commands may run with special system privileges that increases the amount of damage.
116162 There are at least two subtypes of OS command injection:
117163 The application intends to execute a single, fixed program that is under its own control. It intends to use externally-supplied inputs as arguments to that program. For example, the program might use system(""nslookup [HOSTNAME]"") to run nslookup and allow the user to supply a HOSTNAME, which is used as an argument. Attackers cannot prevent nslookup from executing. However, if the program does not remove command separators from the HOSTNAME argument, attackers could place the separators into the arguments, which allows them to execute their own program after nslookup has finished executing.
118164 The application accepts an input that it uses to fully select which program to run, as well as which commands to use. The application simply redirects this entire command to the operating system. For example, the program might use ""exec([COMMAND])"" to execute the [COMMAND] that was supplied by the user. If the COMMAND is under attacker control, then the attacker can execute arbitrary commands or programs. If the command is being executed using functions like exec() and CreateProcess(), the attacker might not be able to combine multiple commands together in the same line.
126172 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
127173 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
128174 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Shell Metacharacters"", Page 425."
129 CWE-784,Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking in a Security Decision (Type: Variant),"The application uses a protection mechanism that relies on the existence or values of a cookie, but it does not properly ensure that the cookie is valid for the associated user.","Attackers can easily modify cookies, within the browser or by implementing the client-side code outside of the browser. Attackers can bypass protection mechanisms such as authorization and authentication by modifying the cookie to contain an expected value.",,High,"Unforgivable Vulnerabilities: http://cve.mitre.org/docs/docs-2007/unforgivable.pdf
175 CWE-784,EN-Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking in a Security Decision (Type: Variant),"The application uses a protection mechanism that relies on the existence or values of a cookie, but it does not properly ensure that the cookie is valid for the associated user.
176 Attackers can easily modify cookies, within the browser or by implementing the client-side code outside of the browser. Attackers can bypass protection mechanisms such as authorization and authentication by modifying the cookie to contain an expected value.",,High,"Unforgivable Vulnerabilities: http://cve.mitre.org/docs/docs-2007/unforgivable.pdf
130177 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 13, ""Sensitive Data in Cookies and Fields"" Page 435"
131 CWE-862,Missing Authorization (Type: Class),The software does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.,"Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
178 CWE-862,EN-Missing Authorization (Type: Class),"The software does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
179 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
132180 When access control checks are not applied, users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Role Based Access Control and Role Based Security: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/rbac/
133181 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 4, ""Authorization"" Page 114; Chapter 6, ""Determining Appropriate Access Control"" Page 171
134182 Top 25 Series - Rank 5 - Improper Access Control (Authorization): http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/04/top-25-series-rank-5-improper-access-control-authorization/
135183 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
136184 Authentication using JAAS: http://www.javaranch.com/journal/2008/04/authentication-using-JAAS.html
137185 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authorization"", Page 39."
138 CWE-863,Incorrect Authorization (Type: Class),"The software performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action, but it does not correctly perform the check. This allows attackers to bypass intended access restrictions.","Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
186 CWE-863,EN-Incorrect Authorization (Type: Class),"The software performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action, but it does not correctly perform the check. This allows attackers to bypass intended access restrictions.
187 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
139188 When access control checks are incorrectly applied, users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Role Based Access Control and Role Based Security: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/rbac/
140189 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 4, ""Authorization"" Page 114; Chapter 6, ""Determining Appropriate Access Control"" Page 171
141190 Top 25 Series - Rank 5 - Improper Access Control (Authorization): http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/04/top-25-series-rank-5-improper-access-control-authorization/
142191 Authentication using JAAS: http://www.javaranch.com/journal/2008/04/authentication-using-JAAS.html
143192 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
144193 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authorization"", Page 39."
145 CWE-99,Improper Control of Resource Identifiers (Resource Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before it is used as an identifier for a resource that may be outside the intended sphere of control.",This may enable an attacker to access or modify otherwise protected system resources.,,High,
146 CWE-120,Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input (Classic Buffer Overflow) (Type: Base),"The program copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer, leading to a buffer overflow.","A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Public Enemy #1: The Buffer Overrun"" Page 127
194 CWE-99,EN-Improper Control of Resource Identifiers (Resource Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before it is used as an identifier for a resource that may be outside the intended sphere of control.
195 This may enable an attacker to access or modify otherwise protected system resources.",,High,
196 CWE-120,EN-Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input (Classic Buffer Overflow) (Type: Base),"The program copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer, leading to a buffer overflow.
197 A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Public Enemy #1: The Buffer Overrun"" Page 127
147198 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
148199 Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
149200 Safe C String Library v1.0.3: http://www.zork.org/safestr/
156207 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Nonexecutable Stack"", Page 76.
157208 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Protection Mechanisms"", Page 189.
158209 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""C String Handling"", Page 388."
159 CWE-122,Heap-based Buffer Overflow (Type: Variant),"A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().","A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Heap Overruns"" Page 138
210 CWE-122,EN-Heap-based Buffer Overflow (Type: Variant),"A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
211 A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Heap Overruns"" Page 138
160212 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
161213 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Nonexecutable Stack"", Page 76.
162214 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Protection Mechanisms"", Page 189."
163 CWE-131,Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size (Type: Base),"The software does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow.","If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,High to Very High,"SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
215 CWE-131,EN-Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size (Type: Base),"The software does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow.
216 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,High to Very High,"SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
164217 Top 25 Series - Rank 18 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/19/top-25-series-rank-18-incorrect-calculation-of-buffer-size
165218 Address Space Layout Randomization in Windows Vista: http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_howard/archive/2006/05/26/address-space-layout-randomization-in-windows-vista.aspx
166219 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx
169222 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 20, ""Integer Overflows"" Page 620
170223 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
171224 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Incrementing Pointers Incorrectly"", Page 401."
172 CWE-22,Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (Path Traversal) (Type: Class),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the software does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.","Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as "".."" and ""/"" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the ""../"" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as ""/usr/local/bin"", which may also be useful in accessing unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
225 CWE-22,EN-Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (Path Traversal) (Type: Class),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the software does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
226 Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as "".."" and ""/"" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the ""../"" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as ""/usr/local/bin"", which may also be useful in accessing unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
173227 In many programming languages, the injection of a null byte (the 0 or NUL) may allow an attacker to truncate a generated filename to widen the scope of attack. For example, the software may add "".txt"" to any pathname, thus limiting the attacker to text files, but a null injection may effectively remove this restriction.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 11, ""Directory Traversal and Using Parent Paths (..)"" Page 370
174228 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
175229 Testing for Path Traversal (OWASP-AZ-001): http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Path_Traversal_(OWASP-AZ-001)
176230 Top 25 Series - Rank 7 - Path Traversal: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/09/top-25-series-rank-7-path-traversal/
177231 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
178232 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Filenames and Paths"", Page 503."
179 CWE-311,Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data (Type: Base),The software does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.,"The lack of proper data encryption passes up the guarantees of confidentiality, integrity, and accountability that properly implemented encryption conveys.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
233 CWE-311,EN-Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data (Type: Base),"The software does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.
234 The lack of proper data encryption passes up the guarantees of confidentiality, integrity, and accountability that properly implemented encryption conveys.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
180235 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 17: Failure to Protect Stored Data."" Page 253
181236 Top 25 Series - Rank 10 - Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/02/26/top-25-series-rank-10-missing-encryption-of-sensitive-data/
182237 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Encryption"", Page 43.
183238 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf"
184 CWE-464,Addition of Data Structure Sentinel (Type: Base),The accidental addition of a data-structure sentinel can cause serious programming logic problems.,"Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,High to Very High,
185 CWE-67,Improper Handling of Windows Device Names (Type: Variant),"The software constructs pathnames from user input, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a pathname containing a Windows device name such as AUX or CON. This typically leads to denial of service or an information exposure when the application attempts to process the pathname as a regular file.","Not properly handling virtual filenames (e.g. AUX, CON, PRN, COM1, LPT1) can result in different types of vulnerabilities. In some cases an attacker can request a device via injection of a virtual filename in a URL, which may cause an error that leads to a denial of service or an error page that reveals sensitive information. A software system that allows device names to bypass filtering runs the risk of an attacker injecting malicious code in a file with the name of a device.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code
239 CWE-464,EN-Addition of Data Structure Sentinel (Type: Base),"The accidental addition of a data-structure sentinel can cause serious programming logic problems.
240 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,High to Very High,
241 CWE-67,EN-Improper Handling of Windows Device Names (Type: Variant),"The software constructs pathnames from user input, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a pathname containing a Windows device name such as AUX or CON. This typically leads to denial of service or an information exposure when the application attempts to process the pathname as a regular file.
242 Not properly handling virtual filenames (e.g. AUX, CON, PRN, COM1, LPT1) can result in different types of vulnerabilities. In some cases an attacker can request a device via injection of a virtual filename in a URL, which may cause an error that leads to a denial of service or an error page that reveals sensitive information. A software system that allows device names to bypass filtering runs the risk of an attacker injecting malicious code in a file with the name of a device.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code
186243 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Device Files"", Page 666."
187 CWE-73,External Control of File Name or Path (Type: Class),The software allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.,"This could allow an attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are critical to the application.
244 CWE-73,EN-External Control of File Name or Path (Type: Class),"The software allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.
245 This could allow an attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are critical to the application.
188246 Path manipulation errors occur when the following two conditions are met:
189247 1. An attacker can specify a path used in an operation on the filesystem.
190248 2. By specifying the resource, the attacker gains a capability that would not otherwise be permitted.
191249 For example, the program may give the attacker the ability to overwrite the specified file or run with a configuration controlled by the attacker.",,High to Very High,OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
192 CWE-76,Improper Neutralization of Equivalent Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software properly neutralizes certain special elements, but it improperly neutralizes equivalent special elements.","The software may have a fixed list of special characters it believes is complete. However, there may be alternate encodings, or representations that also have the same meaning. For example, the software may filter out a leading slash (/) to prevent absolute path names, but does not account for a tilde (~) followed by a user name, which on some *nix systems could be expanded to an absolute pathname. Alternately, the software might filter a dangerous ""-e"" command-line switch when calling an external program, but it might not account for ""--exec"" or other switches that have the same semantics.",,High to Very High,
193 CWE-79,Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (Cross-site Scripting) (Type: Base),The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.,"Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
250 CWE-76,EN-Improper Neutralization of Equivalent Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software properly neutralizes certain special elements, but it improperly neutralizes equivalent special elements.
251 The software may have a fixed list of special characters it believes is complete. However, there may be alternate encodings, or representations that also have the same meaning. For example, the software may filter out a leading slash (/) to prevent absolute path names, but does not account for a tilde (~) followed by a user name, which on some *nix systems could be expanded to an absolute pathname. Alternately, the software might filter a dangerous ""-e"" command-line switch when calling an external program, but it might not account for ""--exec"" or other switches that have the same semantics.",,High to Very High,
252 CWE-79,EN-Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (Cross-site Scripting) (Type: Base),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
253 Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
194254 1. Untrusted data enters a web application, typically from a web request.
195255 2. The web application dynamically generates a web page that contains this untrusted data.
196256 3. During page generation, the application does not prevent the data from containing content that is executable by a web browser, such as JavaScript, HTML tags, HTML attributes, mouse events, Flash, ActiveX, etc.
221281 DOM based XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/DOM_based_XSS_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet
222282 Top 25 series - Rank 1 - Cross Site Scripting: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/02/22/top-25-series-rank-1-cross-site-scripting/
223283 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""Cross Site Scripting"", Page 1071."
224 CWE-80,Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters such as ""<"", "">"", and ""&"" that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to a downstream component that processes web pages.","This may allow such characters to be treated as control characters, which are executed client-side in the context of the user's session. Although this can be classified as an injection problem, the more pertinent issue is the improper conversion of such special characters to respective context-appropriate entities before displaying them to the user.",,High to Very High,
225 CWE-98,Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (PHP Remote File Inclusion) (Type: Base),"The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in ""require,"" ""include,"" or similar functions.","In certain versions and configurations of PHP, this can allow an attacker to specify a URL to a remote location from which the software will obtain the code to execute. In other cases in association with path traversal, the attacker can specify a local file that may contain executable statements that can be parsed by PHP.",,High to Very High,"Testing for Path Traversal (OWASP-AZ-001): http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Path_Traversal_(OWASP-AZ-001)
284 CWE-80,EN-Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters such as ""<"", "">"", and ""&"" that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to a downstream component that processes web pages.
285 This may allow such characters to be treated as control characters, which are executed client-side in the context of the user's session. Although this can be classified as an injection problem, the more pertinent issue is the improper conversion of such special characters to respective context-appropriate entities before displaying them to the user.",,High to Very High,
286 CWE-98,EN-Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (PHP Remote File Inclusion) (Type: Base),"The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in ""require,"" ""include,"" or similar functions.
287 In certain versions and configurations of PHP, this can allow an attacker to specify a URL to a remote location from which the software will obtain the code to execute. In other cases in association with path traversal, the attacker can specify a local file that may contain executable statements that can be parsed by PHP.",,High to Very High,"Testing for Path Traversal (OWASP-AZ-001): http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Path_Traversal_(OWASP-AZ-001)
226288 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
227289 A Study in Scarlet: http://www.cgisecurity.com/lib/studyinscarlet.txt
228290 Suhosin: http://www.hardened-php.net/suhosin/
229291 Top 25 Series - Rank 13 - PHP File Inclusion: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/11/top-25-series-rank-13-php-file-inclusion/"
230 CWE-188,Reliance on Data/Memory Layout (Type: Base),"The software makes invalid assumptions about how protocol data or memory is organized at a lower level, resulting in unintended program behavior.","For example, an attacker might succeed in authentication by providing a small password that matches the associated portion of the larger, correct password.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Structure Padding"", Page 284."
231 CWE-197,Numeric Truncation Error (Type: Base),Truncation errors occur when a primitive is cast to a primitive of a smaller size and data is lost in the conversion.,"When a primitive is cast to a smaller primitive, the high order bits of the large value are lost in the conversion, potentially resulting in an unexpected value that is not equal to the original value. This value may be required as an index into a buffer, a loop iterator, or simply necessary state data. In any case, the value cannot be trusted and the system will be in an undefined state. While this method may be employed viably to isolate the low bits of a value, this usage is rare, and truncation usually implies that an implementation error has occurred.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Truncation"", Page 259."
232 CWE-252,Unchecked Return Value (Type: Base),"The software does not check the return value from a method or function, which can prevent it from detecting unexpected states and conditions.","Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Program Building Blocks"" Page 341.
292 CWE-188,EN-Reliance on Data/Memory Layout (Type: Base),"The software makes invalid assumptions about how protocol data or memory is organized at a lower level, resulting in unintended program behavior.
293 For example, an attacker might succeed in authentication by providing a small password that matches the associated portion of the larger, correct password.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Structure Padding"", Page 284."
294 CWE-197,EN-Numeric Truncation Error (Type: Base),"Truncation errors occur when a primitive is cast to a primitive of a smaller size and data is lost in the conversion.
295 When a primitive is cast to a smaller primitive, the high order bits of the large value are lost in the conversion, potentially resulting in an unexpected value that is not equal to the original value. This value may be required as an index into a buffer, a loop iterator, or simply necessary state data. In any case, the value cannot be trusted and the system will be in an undefined state. While this method may be employed viably to isolate the low bits of a value, this usage is rare, and truncation usually implies that an implementation error has occurred.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Truncation"", Page 259."
296 CWE-252,EN-Unchecked Return Value (Type: Base),"The software does not check the return value from a method or function, which can prevent it from detecting unexpected states and conditions.
297 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Program Building Blocks"" Page 341.
233298 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 20, ""Checking Returns"" Page 624
234299 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183
235300 ERR10-CPP. Check for error conditions: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/cplusplus/ERR10-CPP.+Check+for+error+conditions"
236 CWE-253,Incorrect Check of Function Return Value (Type: Base),"The software incorrectly checks a return value from a function, which prevents the software from detecting errors or exceptional conditions.","Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Return Value Testing and Interpretation"", Page 340."
237 CWE-296,Improper Following of a Certificates Chain of Trust (Type: Base),"The software does not follow, or incorrectly follows, the chain of trust for a certificate back to a trusted root certificate, resulting in incorrect trust of any resource that is associated with that certificate.","If a system does not follow the chain of trust of a certificate to a root server, the certificate loses all usefulness as a metric of trust. Essentially, the trust gained from a certificate is derived from a chain of trust -- with a reputable trusted entity at the end of that list. The end user must trust that reputable source, and this reputable source must vouch for the resource in question through the medium of the certificate.
301 CWE-253,EN-Incorrect Check of Function Return Value (Type: Base),"The software incorrectly checks a return value from a function, which prevents the software from detecting errors or exceptional conditions.
302 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Return Value Testing and Interpretation"", Page 340."
303 CWE-296,EN-Improper Following of a Certificates Chain of Trust (Type: Base),"The software does not follow, or incorrectly follows, the chain of trust for a certificate back to a trusted root certificate, resulting in incorrect trust of any resource that is associated with that certificate.
304 If a system does not follow the chain of trust of a certificate to a root server, the certificate loses all usefulness as a metric of trust. Essentially, the trust gained from a certificate is derived from a chain of trust -- with a reputable trusted entity at the end of that list. The end user must trust that reputable source, and this reputable source must vouch for the resource in question through the medium of the certificate.
238305 In some cases, this trust traverses several entities who vouch for one another. The entity trusted by the end user is at one end of this trust chain, while the certificate-wielding resource is at the other end of the chain. If the user receives a certificate at the end of one of these trust chains and then proceeds to check only that the first link in the chain, no real trust has been derived, since the entire chain must be traversed back to a trusted source to verify the certificate.
239306 There are several ways in which the chain of trust might be broken, including but not limited to:
240307 Any certificate in the chain is self-signed, unless it the root.
242309 An intermediate, CA-signed certificate does not have the expected Basic Constraints or other important extensions.
243310 The root certificate has been compromised or authorized to the wrong party.",,Low,"The Most Dangerous Code in the World: Validating SSL Certificates in Non-Browser Software: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~shmat/shmat_ccs12.pdf
244311 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
245 CWE-298,Improper Validation of Certificate Expiration (Type: Variant),"A certificate expiration is not validated or is incorrectly validated, so trust may be assigned to certificates that have been abandoned due to age.","When the expiration of a certificate is not taken into account, no trust has necessarily been conveyed through it. Therefore, the validity of the certificate cannot be verified and all benefit of the certificate is lost.",,Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
246 CWE-324,Use of a Key Past its Expiration Date (Type: Base),"The product uses a cryptographic key or password past its expiration date, which diminishes its safety significantly by increasing the timing window for cracking attacks against that key.","While the expiration of keys does not necessarily ensure that they are compromised, it is a significant concern that keys which remain in use for prolonged periods of time have a decreasing probability of integrity. For this reason, it is important to replace keys within a period of time proportional to their strength.",,Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
247 CWE-379,Creation of Temporary File in Directory with Incorrect Permissions (Type: Base),The software creates a temporary file in a directory whose permissions allow unintended actors to determine the file's existence or otherwise access that file.,"On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Temporary Files"", Page 538."
248 CWE-462,Duplicate Key in Associative List (Alist) (Type: Base),Duplicate keys in associative lists can lead to non-unique keys being mistaken for an error.,"A duplicate key entry -- if the alist is designed properly -- could be used as a constant time replace function. However, duplicate key entries could be inserted by mistake. Because of this ambiguity, duplicate key entries in an association list are not recommended and should not be allowed.",,Low,
249 CWE-479,Signal Handler Use of a Non-reentrant Function (Type: Variant),The program defines a signal handler that calls a non-reentrant function.,"Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
312 CWE-298,EN-Improper Validation of Certificate Expiration (Type: Variant),"A certificate expiration is not validated or is incorrectly validated, so trust may be assigned to certificates that have been abandoned due to age.
313 When the expiration of a certificate is not taken into account, no trust has necessarily been conveyed through it. Therefore, the validity of the certificate cannot be verified and all benefit of the certificate is lost.",,Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
314 CWE-324,EN-Use of a Key Past its Expiration Date (Type: Base),"The product uses a cryptographic key or password past its expiration date, which diminishes its safety significantly by increasing the timing window for cracking attacks against that key.
315 While the expiration of keys does not necessarily ensure that they are compromised, it is a significant concern that keys which remain in use for prolonged periods of time have a decreasing probability of integrity. For this reason, it is important to replace keys within a period of time proportional to their strength.",,Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
316 CWE-379,EN-Creation of Temporary File in Directory with Incorrect Permissions (Type: Base),"The software creates a temporary file in a directory whose permissions allow unintended actors to determine the file's existence or otherwise access that file.
317 On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Temporary Files"", Page 538."
318 CWE-462,EN-Duplicate Key in Associative List (Alist) (Type: Base),"Duplicate keys in associative lists can lead to non-unique keys being mistaken for an error.
319 A duplicate key entry -- if the alist is designed properly -- could be used as a constant time replace function. However, duplicate key entries could be inserted by mistake. Because of this ambiguity, duplicate key entries in an association list are not recommended and should not be allowed.",,Low,
320 CWE-479,EN-Signal Handler Use of a Non-reentrant Function (Type: Variant),"The program defines a signal handler that calls a non-reentrant function.
321 Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
250322 Many functions are not reentrant, but some of them can result in the corruption of memory if they are used in a signal handler. The function call syslog() is an example of this. In order to perform its functionality, it allocates a small amount of memory as ""scratch space."" If syslog() is suspended by a signal call and the signal handler calls syslog(), the memory used by both of these functions enters an undefined, and possibly, exploitable state. Implementations of malloc() and free() manage metadata in global structures in order to track which memory is allocated versus which memory is available, but they are non-reentrant. Simultaneous calls to these functions can cause corruption of the metadata.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Signal Vulnerabilities"", Page 791."
251 CWE-480,Use of Incorrect Operator (Type: Base),"The programmer accidentally uses the wrong operator, which changes the application logic in security-relevant ways.","Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
323 CWE-480,EN-Use of Incorrect Operator (Type: Base),"The programmer accidentally uses the wrong operator, which changes the application logic in security-relevant ways.
324 Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
252325 Many functions are not reentrant, but some of them can result in the corruption of memory if they are used in a signal handler. The function call syslog() is an example of this. In order to perform its functionality, it allocates a small amount of memory as ""scratch space."" If syslog() is suspended by a signal call and the signal handler calls syslog(), the memory used by both of these functions enters an undefined, and possibly, exploitable state. Implementations of malloc() and free() manage metadata in global structures in order to track which memory is allocated versus which memory is available, but they are non-reentrant. Simultaneous calls to these functions can cause corruption of the metadata.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
253 CWE-481,Assigning instead of Comparing (Type: Variant),The code uses an operator for assignment when the intention was to perform a comparison.,"In many languages the compare statement is very close in appearance to the assignment statement and are often confused. This bug is generally the result of a typo and usually causes obvious problems with program execution. If the comparison is in an if statement, the if statement will usually evaluate the value of the right-hand side of the predicate.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
254 CWE-482,Comparing instead of Assigning (Type: Variant),The code uses an operator for comparison when the intention was to perform an assignment.,"In many languages, the compare statement is very close in appearance to the assignment statement; they are often confused.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
255 CWE-483,Incorrect Block Delimitation (Type: Variant),"The code does not explicitly delimit a block that is intended to contain 2 or more statements, creating a logic error.","In some languages, braces (or other delimiters) are optional for blocks. When the delimiter is omitted, it is possible to insert a logic error in which a statement is thought to be in a block but is not. In some cases, the logic error can have security implications.",,Low,
256 CWE-641,Improper Restriction of Names for Files and Other Resources (Type: Base),"The application constructs the name of a file or other resource using input from an upstream component, but does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the resulting name.","This may produce resultant weaknesses. For instance, if the names of these resources contain scripting characters, it is possible that a script may get executed in the client's browser if the application ever displays the name of the resource on a dynamically generated web page. Alternately, if the resources are consumed by some application parser, a specially crafted name can exploit some vulnerability internal to the parser, potentially resulting in execution of arbitrary code on the server machine. The problems will vary based on the context of usage of such malformed resource names and whether vulnerabilities are present in or assumptions are made by the targeted technology that would make code execution possible.",,Low,
257 CWE-648,Incorrect Use of Privileged APIs (Type: Base),The application does not conform to the API requirements for a function call that requires extra privileges. This could allow attackers to gain privileges by causing the function to be called incorrectly.,"When an application contains certain functions that perform operations requiring an elevated level of privilege, the caller of a privileged API must be careful to:
326 CWE-481,EN-Assigning instead of Comparing (Type: Variant),"The code uses an operator for assignment when the intention was to perform a comparison.
327 In many languages the compare statement is very close in appearance to the assignment statement and are often confused. This bug is generally the result of a typo and usually causes obvious problems with program execution. If the comparison is in an if statement, the if statement will usually evaluate the value of the right-hand side of the predicate.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
328 CWE-482,EN-Comparing instead of Assigning (Type: Variant),"The code uses an operator for comparison when the intention was to perform an assignment.
329 In many languages, the compare statement is very close in appearance to the assignment statement; they are often confused.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
330 CWE-483,EN-Incorrect Block Delimitation (Type: Variant),"The code does not explicitly delimit a block that is intended to contain 2 or more statements, creating a logic error.
331 In some languages, braces (or other delimiters) are optional for blocks. When the delimiter is omitted, it is possible to insert a logic error in which a statement is thought to be in a block but is not. In some cases, the logic error can have security implications.",,Low,
332 CWE-641,EN-Improper Restriction of Names for Files and Other Resources (Type: Base),"The application constructs the name of a file or other resource using input from an upstream component, but does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the resulting name.
333 This may produce resultant weaknesses. For instance, if the names of these resources contain scripting characters, it is possible that a script may get executed in the client's browser if the application ever displays the name of the resource on a dynamically generated web page. Alternately, if the resources are consumed by some application parser, a specially crafted name can exploit some vulnerability internal to the parser, potentially resulting in execution of arbitrary code on the server machine. The problems will vary based on the context of usage of such malformed resource names and whether vulnerabilities are present in or assumptions are made by the targeted technology that would make code execution possible.",,Low,
334 CWE-648,EN-Incorrect Use of Privileged APIs (Type: Base),"The application does not conform to the API requirements for a function call that requires extra privileges. This could allow attackers to gain privileges by causing the function to be called incorrectly.
335 When an application contains certain functions that perform operations requiring an elevated level of privilege, the caller of a privileged API must be careful to:
258336 ensure that assumptions made by the APIs are valid, such as validity of arguments
259337 account for known weaknesses in the design/implementation of the API
260338 call the API from a safe context
261339 If the caller of the API does not follow these requirements, then it may allow a malicious user or process to elevate their privilege, hijack the process, or steal sensitive data.
262340 For instance, it is important to know if privileged APIs do not shed their privileges before returning to the caller or if the privileged function might make certain assumptions about the data, context or state information passed to it by the caller. It is important to always know when and how privileged APIs can be called in order to ensure that their elevated level of privilege cannot be exploited.",,Low,
263 CWE-762,Mismatched Memory Management Routines (Type: Variant),"The application attempts to return a memory resource to the system, but it calls a release function that is not compatible with the function that was originally used to allocate that resource.","This weakness can be generally described as mismatching memory management routines, such as:
341 CWE-762,EN-Mismatched Memory Management Routines (Type: Variant),"The application attempts to return a memory resource to the system, but it calls a release function that is not compatible with the function that was originally used to allocate that resource.
342 This weakness can be generally described as mismatching memory management routines, such as:
264343 The memory was allocated on the stack (automatically), but it was deallocated using the memory management routine free() (CWE-590), which is intended for explicitly allocated heap memory.
265344 The memory was allocated explicitly using one set of memory management functions, and deallocated using a different set. For example, memory might be allocated with malloc() in C++ instead of the new operator, and then deallocated with the delete operator.
266345 When the memory management functions are mismatched, the consequences may be as severe as code execution, memory corruption, or program crash. Consequences and ease of exploit will vary depending on the implementation of the routines and the object being managed.",,Low,"boost C++ Library Smart Pointers: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_38_0/libs/smart_ptr/smart_ptr.htm
267346 Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/"
268 CWE-783,Operator Precedence Logic Error (Type: Variant),The program uses an expression in which operator precedence causes incorrect logic to be used.,"While often just a bug, operator precedence logic errors can have serious consequences if they are used in security-critical code, such as making an authentication decision.",,Low,"EXP00-C. Use parentheses for precedence of operation: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/EXP00-C.+Use+parentheses+for+precedence+of+operation
347 CWE-783,EN-Operator Precedence Logic Error (Type: Variant),"The program uses an expression in which operator precedence causes incorrect logic to be used.
348 While often just a bug, operator precedence logic errors can have serious consequences if they are used in security-critical code, such as making an authentication decision.",,Low,"EXP00-C. Use parentheses for precedence of operation: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/EXP00-C.+Use+parentheses+for+precedence+of+operation
269349 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Precedence"", Page 287."
270 CWE-789,Uncontrolled Memory Allocation (Type: Variant),"The product allocates memory based on an untrusted size value, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates the size, allowing arbitrary amounts of memory to be allocated.","This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. These problems may be resultant from missing sentinel values (CWE-463) or trusting a user-influenced input length variable.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
271 CWE-333,Improper Handling of Insufficient Entropy in TRNG (Type: Variant),True random number generators (TRNG) generally have a limited source of entropy and therefore can fail or block.,The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Low to Medium,
272 CWE-367,Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (Type: Base),"The software checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check. This can cause the software to perform invalid actions when the resource is in an unexpected state.","This weakness can be security-relevant when an attacker can influence the state of the resource between check and use. This can happen with shared resources such as files, memory, or even variables in multithreaded programs.",,Low to Medium,"Portably Solving File TOCTTOU Races with Hardness Amplification: http://www.usenix.org/events/fast08/tech/tsafrir.html
350 CWE-789,EN-Uncontrolled Memory Allocation (Type: Variant),"The product allocates memory based on an untrusted size value, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates the size, allowing arbitrary amounts of memory to be allocated.
351 This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. These problems may be resultant from missing sentinel values (CWE-463) or trusting a user-influenced input length variable.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
352 CWE-333,EN-Improper Handling of Insufficient Entropy in TRNG (Type: Variant),"True random number generators (TRNG) generally have a limited source of entropy and therefore can fail or block.
353 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Low to Medium,
354 CWE-367,EN-Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (Type: Base),"The software checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check. This can cause the software to perform invalid actions when the resource is in an unexpected state.
355 This weakness can be security-relevant when an attacker can influence the state of the resource between check and use. This can happen with shared resources such as files, memory, or even variables in multithreaded programs.",,Low to Medium,"Portably Solving File TOCTTOU Races with Hardness Amplification: http://www.usenix.org/events/fast08/tech/tsafrir.html
273356 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205
274357 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""TOCTOU"", Page 527."
275 CWE-404,Improper Resource Shutdown or Release (Type: Base),The program does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.,"When a resource is created or allocated, the developer is responsible for properly releasing the resource as well as accounting for all potential paths of expiration or invalidation, such as a set period of time or revocation.",,Low to Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143"
276 CWE-407,Algorithmic Complexity (Type: Base),"An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.","In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Low to Medium,Algorithmic Complexity Attacks: http://www.cs.rice.edu/~scrosby/hash/CrosbyWallach_UsenixSec2003/index.html
277 CWE-415,Double Free (Type: Variant),"The product calls free() twice on the same memory address, potentially leading to modification of unexpected memory locations.","When a program calls free() twice with the same argument, the program's memory management data structures become corrupted. This corruption can cause the program to crash or, in some circumstances, cause two later calls to malloc() to return the same pointer. If malloc() returns the same value twice and the program later gives the attacker control over the data that is written into this doubly-allocated memory, the program becomes vulnerable to a buffer overflow attack.",,Low to Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143
358 CWE-404,EN-Improper Resource Shutdown or Release (Type: Base),"The program does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.
359 When a resource is created or allocated, the developer is responsible for properly releasing the resource as well as accounting for all potential paths of expiration or invalidation, such as a set period of time or revocation.",,Low to Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143"
360 CWE-407,EN-Algorithmic Complexity (Type: Base),"An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.
361 In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Low to Medium,Algorithmic Complexity Attacks: http://www.cs.rice.edu/~scrosby/hash/CrosbyWallach_UsenixSec2003/index.html
362 CWE-415,EN-Double Free (Type: Variant),"The product calls free() twice on the same memory address, potentially leading to modification of unexpected memory locations.
363 When a program calls free() twice with the same argument, the program's memory management data structures become corrupted. This corruption can cause the program to crash or, in some circumstances, cause two later calls to malloc() to return the same pointer. If malloc() returns the same value twice and the program later gives the attacker control over the data that is written into this doubly-allocated memory, the program becomes vulnerable to a buffer overflow attack.",,Low to Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143
278364 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Double Frees"", Page 379."
279 CWE-59,Improper Link Resolution Before File Access (Link Following) (Type: Base),"The software attempts to access a file based on the filename, but it does not properly prevent that filename from identifying a link or shortcut that resolves to an unintended resource.","Some functions that offer security features supported by the OS are not available on all versions of the OS in common use. Likewise, functions are often deprecated or made obsolete for security reasons and should not be used.",,Low to Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Symbolic Link Attacks"", Page 518."
280 CWE-601,URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (Open Redirect) (Type: Variant),"A web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a Redirect. This simplifies phishing attacks.","An http parameter may contain a URL value and could cause the web application to redirect the request to the specified URL. By modifying the URL value to a malicious site, an attacker may successfully launch a phishing scam and steal user credentials. Because the server name in the modified link is identical to the original site, phishing attempts have a more trustworthy appearance.",,Low to Medium,"Exploitable Redirects on the Web: Identification, Prevalence, and Defense: http://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/cshue/research/woot08.pdf
365 CWE-59,EN-Improper Link Resolution Before File Access (Link Following) (Type: Base),"The software attempts to access a file based on the filename, but it does not properly prevent that filename from identifying a link or shortcut that resolves to an unintended resource.
366 Some functions that offer security features supported by the OS are not available on all versions of the OS in common use. Likewise, functions are often deprecated or made obsolete for security reasons and should not be used.",,Low to Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Symbolic Link Attacks"", Page 518."
367 CWE-601,EN-URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (Open Redirect) (Type: Variant),"A web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a Redirect. This simplifies phishing attacks.
368 An http parameter may contain a URL value and could cause the web application to redirect the request to the specified URL. By modifying the URL value to a malicious site, an attacker may successfully launch a phishing scam and steal user credentials. Because the server name in the modified link is identical to the original site, phishing attempts have a more trustworthy appearance.",,Low to Medium,"Exploitable Redirects on the Web: Identification, Prevalence, and Defense: http://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/cshue/research/woot08.pdf
281369 Open redirect vulnerabilities: definition and prevention: http://www.net-security.org/dl/insecure/INSECURE-Mag-17.pdf
282370 Top 25 Series - Rank 23 - Open Redirect: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/25/top-25-series-rank-23-open-redirect
283371 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
284 CWE-749,Exposed Dangerous Method or Function (Type: Base),"The software provides an Applications Programming Interface (API) or similar interface for interaction with external actors, but the interface includes a dangerous method or function that is not properly restricted.","This weakness can lead to a wide variety of resultant weaknesses, depending on the behavior of the exposed method. It can apply to any number of technologies and approaches, such as ActiveX controls, Java functions, IOCTLs, and so on.
372 CWE-749,EN-Exposed Dangerous Method or Function (Type: Base),"The software provides an Applications Programming Interface (API) or similar interface for interaction with external actors, but the interface includes a dangerous method or function that is not properly restricted.
373 This weakness can lead to a wide variety of resultant weaknesses, depending on the behavior of the exposed method. It can apply to any number of technologies and approaches, such as ActiveX controls, Java functions, IOCTLs, and so on.
285374 The exposure can occur in a few different ways:
286375 1) The function/method was never intended to be exposed to outside actors.
287376 2) The function/method was only intended to be accessible to a limited set of actors, such as Internet-based access from a single web site.",,Low to Medium,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
288377 No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/security.asp"
289 CWE-755,Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles an exceptional condition.,"The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
378 CWE-755,EN-Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles an exceptional condition.
379 The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
290380 Note that this entry is not exclusively about the use of exceptions and exception handling, which are mechanisms for both checking and handling unusual or unexpected conditions.",,Low to Medium,
291 CWE-766,Critical Variable Declared Public (Type: Variant),The software declares a critical variable or field to be public when intended security policy requires it to be private.,"When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly unlocks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra calls to unlock will increase the count for the number of available resources, likely resulting in a crash or unpredictable behavior when the system nears capacity.",,Low to Medium,
292 CWE-767,Access to Critical Private Variable via Public Method (Type: Variant),The software defines a public method that reads or modifies a private variable.,"If an attacker modifies the variable to contain unexpected values, this could violate assumptions from other parts of the code. Additionally, if an attacker can read the private variable, it may expose sensitive information or make it easier to launch further attacks.",,Low to Medium,
293 CWE-776,Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs (XML Entity Expansion) (Type: Variant),"The software uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.","If the DTD contains a large number of nested or recursive entities, this can lead to explosive growth of data when parsed, causing a denial of service.",,Low to Medium,"Multiple vendors XML parser (and SOAP/WebServices server) Denial of Service attack using DTD: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/303509
381 CWE-766,EN-Critical Variable Declared Public (Type: Variant),"The software declares a critical variable or field to be public when intended security policy requires it to be private.
382 When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly unlocks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra calls to unlock will increase the count for the number of available resources, likely resulting in a crash or unpredictable behavior when the system nears capacity.",,Low to Medium,
383 CWE-767,EN-Access to Critical Private Variable via Public Method (Type: Variant),"The software defines a public method that reads or modifies a private variable.
384 If an attacker modifies the variable to contain unexpected values, this could violate assumptions from other parts of the code. Additionally, if an attacker can read the private variable, it may expose sensitive information or make it easier to launch further attacks.",,Low to Medium,
385 CWE-776,EN-Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs (XML Entity Expansion) (Type: Variant),"The software uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.
386 If the DTD contains a large number of nested or recursive entities, this can lead to explosive growth of data when parsed, causing a denial of service.",,Low to Medium,"Multiple vendors XML parser (and SOAP/WebServices server) Denial of Service attack using DTD: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/303509
294387 XML security: Preventing XML bombs: http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/expert/KnowledgebaseAnswer/0,289625,sid92_gci1168442,00.html?asrc=SS_CLA_302%20%20558&psrc=CLT_92#
295388 Dismantling an XML-Bomb: http://blog.didierstevens.com/2008/09/23/dismantling-an-xml-bomb/
296389 XML Entity Expansion: http://projects.webappsec.org/XML-Entity-Expansion
297390 Tip: Configure SAX parsers for secure processing: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-tipcfsx.html
298391 XML Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/ee335713.aspx
299392 Preventing Entity Expansion Attacks in JAXB: http://blog.bdoughan.com/2011/03/preventing-entity-expansion-attacks-in.html"
300 CWE-777,Regular Expression without Anchors (Type: Variant),"The software uses a regular expression to perform neutralization, but the regular expression is not anchored and may allow malicious or malformed data to slip through.","When performing tasks such as whitelist validation, data is examined and possibly modified to ensure that it is well-formed and adheres to a list of safe values. If the regular expression is not anchored, malicious or malformed data may be included before or after any string matching the regular expression. The type of malicious data that is allowed will depend on the context of the application and which anchors are omitted from the regular expression.",,Low to Medium,
301 CWE-779,Logging of Excessive Data (Type: Base),"The software logs too much information, making log files hard to process and possibly hindering recovery efforts or forensic analysis after an attack.","While logging is a good practice in general, and very high levels of logging are appropriate for debugging stages of development, too much logging in a production environment might hinder a system administrator's ability to detect anomalous conditions. This can provide cover for an attacker while attempting to penetrate a system, clutter the audit trail for forensic analysis, or make it more difficult to debug problems in a production environment.",,Low to Medium,
302 CWE-781,Improper Address Validation in IOCTL with METHOD_NEITHER I/O Control Code (Type: Variant),"The software defines an IOCTL that uses METHOD_NEITHER for I/O, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates the addresses that are provided.","When an IOCTL uses the METHOD_NEITHER option for I/O control, it is the responsibility of the IOCTL to validate the addresses that have been supplied to it. If validation is missing or incorrect, attackers can supply arbitrary memory addresses, leading to code execution or a denial of service.",,Low to Medium,"Exploiting Common Flaws in Drivers: http://reversemode.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=38&Itemid=1
393 CWE-777,EN-Regular Expression without Anchors (Type: Variant),"The software uses a regular expression to perform neutralization, but the regular expression is not anchored and may allow malicious or malformed data to slip through.
394 When performing tasks such as whitelist validation, data is examined and possibly modified to ensure that it is well-formed and adheres to a list of safe values. If the regular expression is not anchored, malicious or malformed data may be included before or after any string matching the regular expression. The type of malicious data that is allowed will depend on the context of the application and which anchors are omitted from the regular expression.",,Low to Medium,
395 CWE-779,EN-Logging of Excessive Data (Type: Base),"The software logs too much information, making log files hard to process and possibly hindering recovery efforts or forensic analysis after an attack.
396 While logging is a good practice in general, and very high levels of logging are appropriate for debugging stages of development, too much logging in a production environment might hinder a system administrator's ability to detect anomalous conditions. This can provide cover for an attacker while attempting to penetrate a system, clutter the audit trail for forensic analysis, or make it more difficult to debug problems in a production environment.",,Low to Medium,
397 CWE-781,EN-Improper Address Validation in IOCTL with METHOD_NEITHER I/O Control Code (Type: Variant),"The software defines an IOCTL that uses METHOD_NEITHER for I/O, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates the addresses that are provided.
398 When an IOCTL uses the METHOD_NEITHER option for I/O control, it is the responsibility of the IOCTL to validate the addresses that have been supplied to it. If validation is missing or incorrect, attackers can supply arbitrary memory addresses, leading to code execution or a denial of service.",,Low to Medium,"Exploiting Common Flaws in Drivers: http://reversemode.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=38&Itemid=1
303399 Remote and Local Exploitation of Network Drivers: https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-07/Bulygin/Presentation/bh-usa-07-bulygin.pdf
304400 Windows driver vulnerabilities: the METHOD_NEITHER odyssey: http://www.net-security.org/dl/insecure/INSECURE-Mag-18.pdf
305401 Buffer Descriptions for I/O Control Codes: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms795857.aspx
306402 Using Neither Buffered Nor Direct I/O: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc264614.aspx
307403 Securing Device Objects: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms794722.aspx
308404 No description: http://www.piotrbania.com/all/articles/ewdd.pdf"
309 CWE-782,Exposed IOCTL with Insufficient Access Control (Type: Variant),"The software implements an IOCTL with functionality that should be restricted, but it does not properly enforce access control for the IOCTL.","When an IOCTL contains privileged functionality and is exposed unnecessarily, attackers may be able to access this functionality by invoking the IOCTL. Even if the functionality is benign, if the programmer has assumed that the IOCTL would only be accessed by a trusted process, there may be little or no validation of the incoming data, exposing weaknesses that would never be reachable if the attacker cannot call the IOCTL directly.
405 CWE-782,EN-Exposed IOCTL with Insufficient Access Control (Type: Variant),"The software implements an IOCTL with functionality that should be restricted, but it does not properly enforce access control for the IOCTL.
406 When an IOCTL contains privileged functionality and is exposed unnecessarily, attackers may be able to access this functionality by invoking the IOCTL. Even if the functionality is benign, if the programmer has assumed that the IOCTL would only be accessed by a trusted process, there may be little or no validation of the incoming data, exposing weaknesses that would never be reachable if the attacker cannot call the IOCTL directly.
310407 The implementations of IOCTLs will differ between operating system types and versions, so the methods of attack and prevention may vary widely.",,Low to Medium,Securing Device Objects: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms794722.aspx
311 CWE-117,Improper Output Neutralization for Logs (Type: Base),The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes output that is written to logs.,"This can allow an attacker to forge log entries or inject malicious content into logs.
408 CWE-117,EN-Improper Output Neutralization for Logs (Type: Base),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes output that is written to logs.
409 This can allow an attacker to forge log entries or inject malicious content into logs.
312410 Log forging vulnerabilities occur when:
313411 Data enters an application from an untrusted source.
314412 The data is written to an application or system log file.",,Medium,"Exploiting Software: How to Break Code
315413 The night the log was forged: http://doc.novsu.ac.ru/oreilly/tcpip/puis/ch10_05.htm
316414 OWASP TOP 10: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007"
317 CWE-124,Buffer Underwrite (Buffer Underflow) (Type: Base),The software writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location prior to the beginning of the buffer.,"This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used.",,Medium,"Buffer UNDERFLOWS: What do you know about it?: http://seclists.org/vuln-dev/2004/Jan/0022.html
415 CWE-124,EN-Buffer Underwrite (Buffer Underflow) (Type: Base),"The software writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location prior to the beginning of the buffer.
416 This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used.",,Medium,"Buffer UNDERFLOWS: What do you know about it?: http://seclists.org/vuln-dev/2004/Jan/0022.html
318417 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
319 CWE-128,Wrap-around Error (Type: Base),"Wrap around errors occur whenever a value is incremented past the maximum value for its type and therefore ""wraps around"" to a very small, negative, or undefined value.","This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
418 CWE-128,EN-Wrap-around Error (Type: Base),"Wrap around errors occur whenever a value is incremented past the maximum value for its type and therefore ""wraps around"" to a very small, negative, or undefined value.
419 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
320420 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Signed Integer Boundaries"", Page 220."
321 CWE-170,Improper Null Termination (Type: Base),The software does not terminate or incorrectly terminates a string or array with a null character or equivalent terminator.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Medium,
322 CWE-190,Integer Overflow or Wraparound (Type: Base),"The software performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound, when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This can introduce other weaknesses when the calculation is used for resource management or execution control.","An integer overflow or wraparound occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may wrap to become a very small or negative number. While this may be intended behavior in circumstances that rely on wrapping, it can have security consequences if the wrap is unexpected. This is especially the case if the integer overflow can be triggered using user-supplied inputs. This becomes security-critical when the result is used to control looping, make a security decision, or determine the offset or size in behaviors such as memory allocation, copying, concatenation, etc.",,Medium,"An overview of common programming security vulnerabilities and possible solutions: http://fort-knox.org/thesis.pdf
421 CWE-170,EN-Improper Null Termination (Type: Base),"The software does not terminate or incorrectly terminates a string or array with a null character or equivalent terminator.
422 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Medium,
423 CWE-190,EN-Integer Overflow or Wraparound (Type: Base),"The software performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound, when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This can introduce other weaknesses when the calculation is used for resource management or execution control.
424 An integer overflow or wraparound occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may wrap to become a very small or negative number. While this may be intended behavior in circumstances that rely on wrapping, it can have security consequences if the wrap is unexpected. This is especially the case if the integer overflow can be triggered using user-supplied inputs. This becomes security-critical when the result is used to control looping, make a security decision, or determine the offset or size in behaviors such as memory allocation, copying, concatenation, etc.",,Medium,"An overview of common programming security vulnerabilities and possible solutions: http://fort-knox.org/thesis.pdf
323425 Basic Integer Overflows: http://www.phrack.org/issues.html?issue=60&id=10#article
324426 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 20, ""Integer Overflows"" Page 620
325427 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 7: Integer Overflows."" Page 119
326428 SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
327429 Top 25 Series - Rank 17 - Integer Overflow Or Wraparound: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/18/top-25-series-rank-17-integer-overflow-or-wraparound
328430 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Signed Integer Boundaries"", Page 220."
329 CWE-196,Unsigned to Signed Conversion Error (Type: Variant),An unsigned-to-signed conversion error takes place when a large unsigned primitive is used as a signed value.,It is dangerous to rely on implicit casts between signed and unsigned numbers because the result can take on an unexpected value and violate assumptions made by the program.,,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
330 CWE-202,Exposure of Sensitive Data Through Data Queries (Type: Variant),"When trying to keep information confidential, an attacker can often infer some of the information by using statistics.","In situations where data should not be tied to individual users, but a large number of users should be able to make queries that ""scrub"" the identity of users, it may be possible to get information about a user -- e.g., by specifying search terms that are known to be unique to that user.",,Medium,
331 CWE-250,Execution with Unnecessary Privileges (Type: Class),"The software performs an operation at a privilege level that is higher than the minimum level required, which creates new weaknesses or amplifies the consequences of other weaknesses.","New weaknesses can be exposed because running with extra privileges, such as root or Administrator, can disable the normal security checks being performed by the operating system or surrounding environment. Other pre-existing weaknesses can turn into security vulnerabilities if they occur while operating at raised privileges.
431 CWE-196,EN-Unsigned to Signed Conversion Error (Type: Variant),"An unsigned-to-signed conversion error takes place when a large unsigned primitive is used as a signed value.
432 It is dangerous to rely on implicit casts between signed and unsigned numbers because the result can take on an unexpected value and violate assumptions made by the program.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
433 CWE-202,EN-Exposure of Sensitive Data Through Data Queries (Type: Variant),"When trying to keep information confidential, an attacker can often infer some of the information by using statistics.
434 In situations where data should not be tied to individual users, but a large number of users should be able to make queries that ""scrub"" the identity of users, it may be possible to get information about a user -- e.g., by specifying search terms that are known to be unique to that user.",,Medium,
435 CWE-250,EN-Execution with Unnecessary Privileges (Type: Class),"The software performs an operation at a privilege level that is higher than the minimum level required, which creates new weaknesses or amplifies the consequences of other weaknesses.
436 New weaknesses can be exposed because running with extra privileges, such as root or Administrator, can disable the normal security checks being performed by the operating system or surrounding environment. Other pre-existing weaknesses can turn into security vulnerabilities if they occur while operating at raised privileges.
332437 Privilege management functions can behave in some less-than-obvious ways, and they have different quirks on different platforms. These inconsistencies are particularly pronounced if you are transitioning from one non-root user to another. Signal handlers and spawned processes run at the privilege of the owning process, so if a process is running as root when a signal fires or a sub-process is executed, the signal handler or sub-process will operate with root privileges.",,Medium,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
333438 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
334439 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 7, ""Running with Least Privilege"" Page 207
335440 Federal Desktop Core Configuration: http://nvd.nist.gov/fdcc/index.cfm
336441 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
337442 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Privilege Vulnerabilities"", Page 477."
338 CWE-269,Improper Privilege Management (Type: Base),"The software does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.","Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
443 CWE-269,EN-Improper Privilege Management (Type: Base),"The software does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.
444 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
339445 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Dropping Privileges Permanently"", Page 479."
340 CWE-273,Improper Check for Dropped Privileges (Type: Base),The software attempts to drop privileges but does not check or incorrectly checks to see if the drop succeeded.,"If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Medium,
341 CWE-276,Incorrect Default Permissions (Type: Variant),"The software, upon installation, sets incorrect permissions for an object that exposes it to an unintended actor.","If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Insecure Defaults"", Page 69."
342 CWE-299,Improper Check for Certificate Revocation (Type: Variant),"The software does not check or incorrectly checks the revocation status of a certificate, which may cause it to use a certificate that has been compromised.","An improper check for certificate revocation is a far more serious flaw than related certificate failures. This is because the use of any revoked certificate is almost certainly malicious. The most common reason for certificate revocation is compromise of the system in question, with the result that no legitimate servers will be using a revoked certificate, unless they are sorely out of sync.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
343 CWE-301,Reflection Attack in an Authentication Protocol (Type: Variant),Simple authentication protocols are subject to reflection attacks if a malicious user can use the target machine to impersonate a trusted user.,"A mutual authentication protocol requires each party to respond to a random challenge by the other party by encrypting it with a pre-shared key. Often, however, such protocols employ the same pre-shared key for communication with a number of different entities. A malicious user or an attacker can easily compromise this protocol without possessing the correct key by employing a reflection attack on the protocol.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Insufficient Validation"", Page 38."
344 CWE-329,Not Using a Random IV with CBC Mode (Type: Variant),Not using a random initialization Vector (IV) with Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) Mode causes algorithms to be susceptible to dictionary attacks.,"This weakness is especially dangerous when the hash is used in security algorithms that require the one-way property to hold. For example, if an authentication system takes an incoming password and generates a hash, then compares the hash to another hash that it has stored in its authentication database, then the ability to create a collision could allow an attacker to provide an alternate password that produces the same target hash, bypassing authentication.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Initialization Vectors"", Page 42."
345 CWE-332,Insufficient Entropy in PRNG (Type: Variant),"The lack of entropy available for, or used by, a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) can be a stability and security threat.","When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Medium,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
346 CWE-338,Use of Cryptographically Weak PRNG (Type: Base),"The product uses a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) in a security context, but the PRNG is not cryptographically strong.",The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
347 CWE-353,Missing Support for Integrity Check (Type: Base),"The software uses a transmission protocol that does not include a mechanism for verifying the integrity of the data during transmission, such as a checksum.","If integrity check values or ""checksums"" are omitted from a protocol, there is no way of determining if data has been corrupted in transmission. The lack of checksum functionality in a protocol removes the first application-level check of data that can be used. The end-to-end philosophy of checks states that integrity checks should be performed at the lowest level that they can be completely implemented. Excluding further sanity checks and input validation performed by applications, the protocol's checksum is the most important level of checksum, since it can be performed more completely than at any previous level and takes into account entire messages, as opposed to single packets.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231"
348 CWE-354,Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value (Type: Base),"The software does not validate or incorrectly validates the integrity check values or ""checksums"" of a message. This may prevent it from detecting if the data has been modified or corrupted in transmission.",Improper validation of checksums before use results in an unnecessary risk that can easily be mitigated. The protocol specification describes the algorithm used for calculating the checksum. It is then a simple matter of implementing the calculation and verifying that the calculated checksum and the received checksum match. Improper verification of the calculated checksum and the received checksum can lead to far greater consequences.,,Medium,
349 CWE-362,Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (Race Condition) (Type: Class),"The program contains a code sequence that can run concurrently with other code, and the code sequence requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence that is operating concurrently.","This can have security implications when the expected synchronization is in security-critical code, such as recording whether a user is authenticated or modifying important state information that should not be influenced by an outsider.
446 CWE-273,EN-Improper Check for Dropped Privileges (Type: Base),"The software attempts to drop privileges but does not check or incorrectly checks to see if the drop succeeded.
447 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Medium,
448 CWE-276,EN-Incorrect Default Permissions (Type: Variant),"The software, upon installation, sets incorrect permissions for an object that exposes it to an unintended actor.
449 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Insecure Defaults"", Page 69."
450 CWE-299,EN-Improper Check for Certificate Revocation (Type: Variant),"The software does not check or incorrectly checks the revocation status of a certificate, which may cause it to use a certificate that has been compromised.
451 An improper check for certificate revocation is a far more serious flaw than related certificate failures. This is because the use of any revoked certificate is almost certainly malicious. The most common reason for certificate revocation is compromise of the system in question, with the result that no legitimate servers will be using a revoked certificate, unless they are sorely out of sync.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
452 CWE-301,EN-Reflection Attack in an Authentication Protocol (Type: Variant),"Simple authentication protocols are subject to reflection attacks if a malicious user can use the target machine to impersonate a trusted user.
453 A mutual authentication protocol requires each party to respond to a random challenge by the other party by encrypting it with a pre-shared key. Often, however, such protocols employ the same pre-shared key for communication with a number of different entities. A malicious user or an attacker can easily compromise this protocol without possessing the correct key by employing a reflection attack on the protocol.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Insufficient Validation"", Page 38."
454 CWE-329,EN-Not Using a Random IV with CBC Mode (Type: Variant),"Not using a random initialization Vector (IV) with Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) Mode causes algorithms to be susceptible to dictionary attacks.
455 This weakness is especially dangerous when the hash is used in security algorithms that require the one-way property to hold. For example, if an authentication system takes an incoming password and generates a hash, then compares the hash to another hash that it has stored in its authentication database, then the ability to create a collision could allow an attacker to provide an alternate password that produces the same target hash, bypassing authentication.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Initialization Vectors"", Page 42."
456 CWE-332,EN-Insufficient Entropy in PRNG (Type: Variant),"The lack of entropy available for, or used by, a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) can be a stability and security threat.
457 When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Medium,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
458 CWE-338,EN-Use of Cryptographically Weak PRNG (Type: Base),"The product uses a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) in a security context, but the PRNG is not cryptographically strong.
459 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
460 CWE-353,EN-Missing Support for Integrity Check (Type: Base),"The software uses a transmission protocol that does not include a mechanism for verifying the integrity of the data during transmission, such as a checksum.
461 If integrity check values or ""checksums"" are omitted from a protocol, there is no way of determining if data has been corrupted in transmission. The lack of checksum functionality in a protocol removes the first application-level check of data that can be used. The end-to-end philosophy of checks states that integrity checks should be performed at the lowest level that they can be completely implemented. Excluding further sanity checks and input validation performed by applications, the protocol's checksum is the most important level of checksum, since it can be performed more completely than at any previous level and takes into account entire messages, as opposed to single packets.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231"
462 CWE-354,EN-Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value (Type: Base),"The software does not validate or incorrectly validates the integrity check values or ""checksums"" of a message. This may prevent it from detecting if the data has been modified or corrupted in transmission.
463 Improper validation of checksums before use results in an unnecessary risk that can easily be mitigated. The protocol specification describes the algorithm used for calculating the checksum. It is then a simple matter of implementing the calculation and verifying that the calculated checksum and the received checksum match. Improper verification of the calculated checksum and the received checksum can lead to far greater consequences.",,Medium,
464 CWE-362,EN-Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (Race Condition) (Type: Class),"The program contains a code sequence that can run concurrently with other code, and the code sequence requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence that is operating concurrently.
465 This can have security implications when the expected synchronization is in security-critical code, such as recording whether a user is authenticated or modifying important state information that should not be influenced by an outsider.
350466 A race condition occurs within concurrent environments, and is effectively a property of a code sequence. Depending on the context, a code sequence may be in the form of a function call, a small number of instructions, a series of program invocations, etc.
351467 A race condition violates these properties, which are closely related:
352468 Exclusivity - the code sequence is given exclusive access to the shared resource, i.e., no other code sequence can modify properties of the shared resource before the original sequence has completed execution.
363479 Avoiding Race Conditions and Insecure File Operations: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Security/Conceptual/SecureCodingGuide/Articles/RaceConditions.html
364480 Top 25 Series - Rank 25 - Race Conditions: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/26/top-25-series-rank-25-race-conditions/
365481 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
366 CWE-364,Signal Handler Race Condition (Type: Base),The software uses a signal handler that introduces a race condition.,"Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
482 CWE-364,EN-Signal Handler Race Condition (Type: Base),"The software uses a signal handler that introduces a race condition.
483 Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
367484 These issues occur when non-reentrant functions, or state-sensitive actions occur in the signal handler, where they may be called at any time. These behaviors can violate assumptions being made by the ""regular"" code that is interrupted, or by other signal handlers that may also be invoked. If these functions are called at an inopportune moment - such as while a non-reentrant function is already running - memory corruption could occur that may be exploitable for code execution. Another signal race condition commonly found occurs when free is called within a signal handler, resulting in a double free and therefore a write-what-where condition. Even if a given pointer is set to NULL after it has been freed, a race condition still exists between the time the memory was freed and the pointer was set to NULL. This is especially problematic if the same signal handler has been set for more than one signal -- since it means that the signal handler itself may be reentered.
368485 There are several known behaviors related to signal handlers that have received the label of ""signal handler race condition"":
369486 Shared state (e.g. global data or static variables) that are accessible to both a signal handler and ""regular"" code
380497 Race Condition: Signal Handling: http://www.fortify.com/vulncat/en/vulncat/cpp/race_condition_signal_handling.html
381498 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205
382499 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Signal Vulnerabilities"", Page 791."
383 CWE-365,Race Condition in Switch (Type: Base),"The code contains a switch statement in which the switched variable can be modified while the switch is still executing, resulting in unexpected behavior.","Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
500 CWE-365,EN-Race Condition in Switch (Type: Base),"The code contains a switch statement in which the switched variable can be modified while the switch is still executing, resulting in unexpected behavior.
501 Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
384502 These issues occur when non-reentrant functions, or state-sensitive actions occur in the signal handler, where they may be called at any time. These behaviors can violate assumptions being made by the ""regular"" code that is interrupted, or by other signal handlers that may also be invoked. If these functions are called at an inopportune moment - such as while a non-reentrant function is already running - memory corruption could occur that may be exploitable for code execution. Another signal race condition commonly found occurs when free is called within a signal handler, resulting in a double free and therefore a write-what-where condition. Even if a given pointer is set to NULL after it has been freed, a race condition still exists between the time the memory was freed and the pointer was set to NULL. This is especially problematic if the same signal handler has been set for more than one signal -- since it means that the signal handler itself may be reentered.
385503 There are several known behaviors related to signal handlers that have received the label of ""signal handler race condition"":
386504 Shared state (e.g. global data or static variables) that are accessible to both a signal handler and ""regular"" code
394512 Using synchronization in the signal handler
395513 Using synchronization in the regular code
396514 Disabling or masking other signals, which provides atomicity (which effectively ensures exclusivity)",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
397 CWE-366,Race Condition within a Thread (Type: Base),"If two threads of execution use a resource simultaneously, there exists the possibility that resources may be used while invalid, in turn making the state of execution undefined.","Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
515 CWE-366,EN-Race Condition within a Thread (Type: Base),"If two threads of execution use a resource simultaneously, there exists the possibility that resources may be used while invalid, in turn making the state of execution undefined.
516 Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
398517 These issues occur when non-reentrant functions, or state-sensitive actions occur in the signal handler, where they may be called at any time. These behaviors can violate assumptions being made by the ""regular"" code that is interrupted, or by other signal handlers that may also be invoked. If these functions are called at an inopportune moment - such as while a non-reentrant function is already running - memory corruption could occur that may be exploitable for code execution. Another signal race condition commonly found occurs when free is called within a signal handler, resulting in a double free and therefore a write-what-where condition. Even if a given pointer is set to NULL after it has been freed, a race condition still exists between the time the memory was freed and the pointer was set to NULL. This is especially problematic if the same signal handler has been set for more than one signal -- since it means that the signal handler itself may be reentered.
399518 There are several known behaviors related to signal handlers that have received the label of ""signal handler race condition"":
400519 Shared state (e.g. global data or static variables) that are accessible to both a signal handler and ""regular"" code
409528 Using synchronization in the regular code
410529 Disabling or masking other signals, which provides atomicity (which effectively ensures exclusivity)",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205
411530 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Race Conditions"", Page 759."
412 CWE-369,Divide By Zero (Type: Base),The product divides a value by zero.,"This weakness typically occurs when an unexpected value is provided to the product, or if an error occurs that is not properly detected. It frequently occurs in calculations involving physical dimensions such as size, length, width, and height.",,Medium,"No description: http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/exceptions.html
531 CWE-369,EN-Divide By Zero (Type: Base),"The product divides a value by zero.
532 This weakness typically occurs when an unexpected value is provided to the product, or if an error occurs that is not properly detected. It frequently occurs in calculations involving physical dimensions such as size, length, width, and height.",,Medium,"No description: http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/exceptions.html
413533 No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms173160(VS.80).aspx"
414 CWE-370,Missing Check for Certificate Revocation after Initial Check (Type: Base),"The software does not check the revocation status of a certificate after its initial revocation check, which can cause the software to perform privileged actions even after the certificate is revoked at a later time.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
415 CWE-374,Passing Mutable Objects to an Untrusted Method (Type: Base),"Sending non-cloned mutable data as an argument may result in that data being altered or deleted by the called function, thereby putting the calling function into an undefined state.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,"Does Java pass by reference or pass by value?: http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javaqa/2000-05/03-qa-0526-pass.html
534 CWE-370,EN-Missing Check for Certificate Revocation after Initial Check (Type: Base),"The software does not check the revocation status of a certificate after its initial revocation check, which can cause the software to perform privileged actions even after the certificate is revoked at a later time.
535 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
536 CWE-374,EN-Passing Mutable Objects to an Untrusted Method (Type: Base),"Sending non-cloned mutable data as an argument may result in that data being altered or deleted by the called function, thereby putting the calling function into an undefined state.
537 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,"Does Java pass by reference or pass by value?: http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javaqa/2000-05/03-qa-0526-pass.html
416538 Java: The Complete Reference, J2SE 5th Edition"
417 CWE-375,Returning a Mutable Object to an Untrusted Caller (Type: Base),"Sending non-cloned mutable data as a return value may result in that data being altered or deleted by the calling function, thereby putting the class in an undefined state.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,
418 CWE-385,Covert Timing Channel (Type: Base),"Covert timing channels convey information by modulating some aspect of system behavior over time, so that the program receiving the information can observe system behavior and infer protected information.","In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
539 CWE-375,EN-Returning a Mutable Object to an Untrusted Caller (Type: Base),"Sending non-cloned mutable data as a return value may result in that data being altered or deleted by the calling function, thereby putting the class in an undefined state.
540 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,
541 CWE-385,EN-Covert Timing Channel (Type: Base),"Covert timing channels convey information by modulating some aspect of system behavior over time, so that the program receiving the information can observe system behavior and infer protected information.
542 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
419543 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Medium,
420 CWE-390,Detection of Error Condition Without Action (Type: Class),"The software detects a specific error, but takes no actions to handle the error.","In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
544 CWE-390,EN-Detection of Error Condition Without Action (Type: Class),"The software detects a specific error, but takes no actions to handle the error.
545 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
421546 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183"
422 CWE-391,Unchecked Error Condition (Type: Base),Ignoring exceptions and other error conditions may allow an attacker to induce unexpected behavior unnoticed.,"In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
547 CWE-391,EN-Unchecked Error Condition (Type: Base),"Ignoring exceptions and other error conditions may allow an attacker to induce unexpected behavior unnoticed.
548 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
423549 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Medium,
424 CWE-401,Improper Release of Memory Before Removing Last Reference (Memory Leak) (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently track and release allocated memory after it has been used, which slowly consumes remaining memory.",This is often triggered by improper handling of malformed data or unexpectedly interrupted sessions.,,Medium,How to Break Software Security
425 CWE-460,Improper Cleanup on Thrown Exception (Type: Variant),"The product does not clean up its state or incorrectly cleans up its state when an exception is thrown, leading to unexpected state or control flow.","In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Medium,
426 CWE-468,Incorrect Pointer Scaling (Type: Base),"In C and C++, one may often accidentally refer to the wrong memory due to the semantics of when math operations are implicitly scaled.","Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Pointer Arithmetic"", Page 277."
427 CWE-469,Use of Pointer Subtraction to Determine Size (Type: Base),"The application subtracts one pointer from another in order to determine size, but this calculation can be incorrect if the pointers do not exist in the same memory chunk.","Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Medium,
428 CWE-476,NULL Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"A NULL pointer dereference occurs when the application dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid, but is NULL, typically causing a crash or exit.","NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Medium,
429 CWE-484,Omitted Break Statement in Switch (Type: Base),"The program omits a break statement within a switch or similar construct, causing code associated with multiple conditions to execute. This can cause problems when the programmer only intended to execute code associated with one condition.",This can lead to critical code executing in situations where it should not.,,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Switch Statements"", Page 337."
430 CWE-487,Reliance on Package-level Scope (Type: Variant),"Java packages are not inherently closed; therefore, relying on them for code security is not a good practice.","If the decision to trust the methods and data of an object is based on the name of a class, it is possible for malicious users to send objects of the same name as trusted classes and thereby gain the trust afforded to known classes and types.",,Medium,
431 CWE-492,Use of Inner Class Containing Sensitive Data (Type: Variant),Inner classes are translated into classes that are accessible at package scope and may expose code that the programmer intended to keep private to attackers.,"Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
550 CWE-401,EN-Improper Release of Memory Before Removing Last Reference (Memory Leak) (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently track and release allocated memory after it has been used, which slowly consumes remaining memory.
551 This is often triggered by improper handling of malformed data or unexpectedly interrupted sessions.",,Medium,How to Break Software Security
552 CWE-460,EN-Improper Cleanup on Thrown Exception (Type: Variant),"The product does not clean up its state or incorrectly cleans up its state when an exception is thrown, leading to unexpected state or control flow.
553 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Medium,
554 CWE-468,EN-Incorrect Pointer Scaling (Type: Base),"In C and C++, one may often accidentally refer to the wrong memory due to the semantics of when math operations are implicitly scaled.
555 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Pointer Arithmetic"", Page 277."
556 CWE-469,EN-Use of Pointer Subtraction to Determine Size (Type: Base),"The application subtracts one pointer from another in order to determine size, but this calculation can be incorrect if the pointers do not exist in the same memory chunk.
557 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Medium,
558 CWE-476,EN-NULL Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"A NULL pointer dereference occurs when the application dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid, but is NULL, typically causing a crash or exit.
559 NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Medium,
560 CWE-484,EN-Omitted Break Statement in Switch (Type: Base),"The program omits a break statement within a switch or similar construct, causing code associated with multiple conditions to execute. This can cause problems when the programmer only intended to execute code associated with one condition.
561 This can lead to critical code executing in situations where it should not.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Switch Statements"", Page 337."
562 CWE-487,EN-Reliance on Package-level Scope (Type: Variant),"Java packages are not inherently closed; therefore, relying on them for code security is not a good practice.
563 If the decision to trust the methods and data of an object is based on the name of a class, it is possible for malicious users to send objects of the same name as trusted classes and thereby gain the trust afforded to known classes and types.",,Medium,
564 CWE-492,EN-Use of Inner Class Containing Sensitive Data (Type: Variant),"Inner classes are translated into classes that are accessible at package scope and may expose code that the programmer intended to keep private to attackers.
565 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
432566 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Medium,
433 CWE-494,Download of Code Without Integrity Check (Type: Base),The product downloads source code or an executable from a remote location and executes the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code.,"An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Medium,"Introduction to Code Signing: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537361(VS.85).aspx
567 CWE-494,EN-Download of Code Without Integrity Check (Type: Base),"The product downloads source code or an executable from a remote location and executes the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code.
568 An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Medium,"Introduction to Code Signing: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537361(VS.85).aspx
434569 Authenticode: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537359(v=VS.85).aspx
435570 Code Signing Guide: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Security/Conceptual/CodeSigningGuide/Introduction/chapter_1_section_1.html
436571 Secure Software Updates: Disappointments and New Challenges: http://prisms.cs.umass.edu/~kevinfu/papers/secureupdates-hotsec06.pdf
437572 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 18: The Sins of Mobile Code."" Page 267
438573 Top 25 Series - Rank 20 - Download of Code Without Integrity Check: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/04/05/top-25-series-rank-20-download-code-integrity-check/
439574 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
440 CWE-498,Cloneable Class Containing Sensitive Information (Type: Variant),"The code contains a class with sensitive data, but the class is cloneable. The data can then be accessed by cloning the class.","Cloneable classes are effectively open classes, since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny cloning can be cloned by any other class without running the constructor.",,Medium,
441 CWE-502,Deserialization of Untrusted Data (Type: Variant),The application deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently verifying that the resulting data will be valid.,"It is often convenient to serialize objects for communication or to save them for later use. However, deserialized data or code can often be modified without using the provided accessor functions if it does not use cryptography to protect itself. Furthermore, any cryptography would still be client-side security -- which is a dangerous security assumption.
575 CWE-498,EN-Cloneable Class Containing Sensitive Information (Type: Variant),"The code contains a class with sensitive data, but the class is cloneable. The data can then be accessed by cloning the class.
576 Cloneable classes are effectively open classes, since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny cloning can be cloned by any other class without running the constructor.",,Medium,
577 CWE-502,EN-Deserialization of Untrusted Data (Type: Variant),"The application deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently verifying that the resulting data will be valid.
578 It is often convenient to serialize objects for communication or to save them for later use. However, deserialized data or code can often be modified without using the provided accessor functions if it does not use cryptography to protect itself. Furthermore, any cryptography would still be client-side security -- which is a dangerous security assumption.
442579 Data that is untrusted can not be trusted to be well-formed.",,Medium,"Unserializing user-supplied data, a bad idea: http://heine.familiedeelstra.com/security/unserialize
443580 Why Python Pickle is Insecure: http://nadiana.com/python-pickle-insecure"
444 CWE-532,Information Exposure Through Log Files (Type: Variant),Information written to log files can be of a sensitive nature and give valuable guidance to an attacker or expose sensitive user information.,"While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Medium,
445 CWE-602,Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security (Type: Base),The software is composed of a server that relies on the client to implement a mechanism that is intended to protect the server.,"When the server relies on protection mechanisms placed on the client side, an attacker can modify the client-side behavior to bypass the protection mechanisms resulting in potentially unexpected interactions between the client and server. The consequences will vary, depending on what the mechanisms are trying to protect.",,Medium,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 23, ""Client-Side Security Is an Oxymoron"" Page 687"
446 CWE-665,Improper Initialization (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize or incorrectly initializes a resource, which might leave the resource in an unexpected state when it is accessed or used.","This can have security implications when the associated resource is expected to have certain properties or values, such as a variable that determines whether a user has been authenticated or not.",,Medium,"Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
581 CWE-532,EN-Information Exposure Through Log Files (Type: Variant),"Information written to log files can be of a sensitive nature and give valuable guidance to an attacker or expose sensitive user information.
582 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Medium,
583 CWE-602,EN-Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security (Type: Base),"The software is composed of a server that relies on the client to implement a mechanism that is intended to protect the server.
584 When the server relies on protection mechanisms placed on the client side, an attacker can modify the client-side behavior to bypass the protection mechanisms resulting in potentially unexpected interactions between the client and server. The consequences will vary, depending on what the mechanisms are trying to protect.",,Medium,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 23, ""Client-Side Security Is an Oxymoron"" Page 687"
585 CWE-665,EN-Improper Initialization (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize or incorrectly initializes a resource, which might leave the resource in an unexpected state when it is accessed or used.
586 This can have security implications when the associated resource is expected to have certain properties or values, such as a variable that determines whether a user has been authenticated or not.",,Medium,"Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
447587 MS08-014 : The Case of the Uninitialized Stack Variable Vulnerability: http://blogs.technet.com/swi/archive/2008/03/11/the-case-of-the-uninitialized-stack-variable-vulnerability.aspx
448588 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
449 CWE-754,Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),The software does not check or improperly checks for unusual or exceptional conditions that are not expected to occur frequently during day to day operation of the software.,"The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
589 CWE-754,EN-Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),"The software does not check or improperly checks for unusual or exceptional conditions that are not expected to occur frequently during day to day operation of the software.
590 The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
450591 Note that this entry is not exclusively about the use of exceptions and exception handling, which are mechanisms for both checking and handling unusual or unexpected conditions.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Program Building Blocks"" Page 341
451592 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 1, ""Exceptional Conditions,"" Page 22
452593 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183
453594 Top 25 Series - Rank 15 - Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/15/top-25-series-rank-15-improper-check-for-unusual-or-exceptional-conditions/"
454 CWE-778,Insufficient Logging (Type: Base),"When a security-critical event occurs, the software either does not record the event or omits important details about the event when logging it.","When security-critical events are not logged properly, such as a failed login attempt, this can make malicious behavior more difficult to detect and may hinder forensic analysis after an attack succeeds.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Accountability"", Page 40."
455 CWE-780,Use of RSA Algorithm without OAEP (Type: Variant),"The software uses the RSA algorithm but does not incorporate Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP), which might weaken the encryption.",Padding schemes are often used with cryptographic algorithms to make the plaintext less predictable and complicate attack efforts. The OAEP scheme is often used with RSA to nullify the impact of predictable common text.,,Medium,"RSA Problem: http://people.csail.mit.edu/rivest/RivestKaliski-RSAProblem.pdf
595 CWE-778,EN-Insufficient Logging (Type: Base),"When a security-critical event occurs, the software either does not record the event or omits important details about the event when logging it.
596 When security-critical events are not logged properly, such as a failed login attempt, this can make malicious behavior more difficult to detect and may hinder forensic analysis after an attack succeeds.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Accountability"", Page 40."
597 CWE-780,EN-Use of RSA Algorithm without OAEP (Type: Variant),"The software uses the RSA algorithm but does not incorporate Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP), which might weaken the encryption.
598 Padding schemes are often used with cryptographic algorithms to make the plaintext less predictable and complicate attack efforts. The OAEP scheme is often used with RSA to nullify the impact of predictable common text.",,Medium,"RSA Problem: http://people.csail.mit.edu/rivest/RivestKaliski-RSAProblem.pdf
456599 Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_Asymmetric_Encryption_Padding"
457 CWE-908,Use of Uninitialized Resource (Type: Base),The software uses a resource that has not been properly initialized.,This can have security implications when the associated resource is expected to have certain properties or values.,,Medium,Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
458 CWE-909,Missing Initialization of Resource (Type: Base),The software does not initialize a critical resource.,"Many resources require initialization before they can be properly used. If a resource is not initialized, it could contain unpredictable or expired data, or it could be initialized to defaults that are invalid. This can have security implications when the resource is expected to have certain properties or values.",,Medium,
459 CWE-910,Use of Expired File Descriptor (Type: Base),The software uses or accesses a file descriptor after it has been closed.,"After a file descriptor for a particular file or device has been released, it can be reused. The code might not write to the original file, since the reused file descriptor might reference a different file or device.",,Medium,
460 CWE-911,Improper Update of Reference Count (Type: Base),"The software uses a reference count to manage a resource, but it does not update or incorrectly updates the reference count.","Reference counts can be used when tracking how many objects contain a reference to a particular resource, such as in memory management or garbage collection. When the reference count reaches zero, the resource can be de-allocated or reused because there are no more objects that use it. If the reference count accidentally reaches zero, then the resource might be released too soon, even though it is still in use. If all objects no longer use the resource, but the reference count is not zero, then the resource might not ever be released.",,Medium,Windows Kernel Reference Count Vulnerabilities - Case Study: http://j00ru.vexillium.org/dump/zn_slides.pdf
461 CWE-94,Improper Control of Generation of Code (Code Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.","When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution.
600 CWE-908,EN-Use of Uninitialized Resource (Type: Base),"The software uses a resource that has not been properly initialized.
601 This can have security implications when the associated resource is expected to have certain properties or values.",,Medium,Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
602 CWE-909,EN-Missing Initialization of Resource (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize a critical resource.
603 Many resources require initialization before they can be properly used. If a resource is not initialized, it could contain unpredictable or expired data, or it could be initialized to defaults that are invalid. This can have security implications when the resource is expected to have certain properties or values.",,Medium,
604 CWE-910,EN-Use of Expired File Descriptor (Type: Base),"The software uses or accesses a file descriptor after it has been closed.
605 After a file descriptor for a particular file or device has been released, it can be reused. The code might not write to the original file, since the reused file descriptor might reference a different file or device.",,Medium,
606 CWE-911,EN-Improper Update of Reference Count (Type: Base),"The software uses a reference count to manage a resource, but it does not update or incorrectly updates the reference count.
607 Reference counts can be used when tracking how many objects contain a reference to a particular resource, such as in memory management or garbage collection. When the reference count reaches zero, the resource can be de-allocated or reused because there are no more objects that use it. If the reference count accidentally reaches zero, then the resource might be released too soon, even though it is still in use. If all objects no longer use the resource, but the reference count is not zero, then the resource might not ever be released.",,Medium,Windows Kernel Reference Count Vulnerabilities - Case Study: http://j00ru.vexillium.org/dump/zn_slides.pdf
608 CWE-94,EN-Improper Control of Generation of Code (Code Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
609 When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution.
462610 Injection problems encompass a wide variety of issues -- all mitigated in very different ways. For this reason, the most effective way to discuss these weaknesses is to note the distinct features which classify them as injection weaknesses. The most important issue to note is that all injection problems share one thing in common -- i.e., they allow for the injection of control plane data into the user-controlled data plane. This means that the execution of the process may be altered by sending code in through legitimate data channels, using no other mechanism. While buffer overflows, and many other flaws, involve the use of some further issue to gain execution, injection problems need only for the data to be parsed. The most classic instantiations of this category of weakness are SQL injection and format string vulnerabilities.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 3: Web-Client Related Vulnerabilities (XSS)."" Page 63"
463 CWE-95,Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code (Eval Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. ""eval"").","This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Medium,"No description: http://www.rubycentral.com/book/taint.html
611 CWE-95,EN-Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code (Eval Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. ""eval"").
612 This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Medium,"No description: http://www.rubycentral.com/book/taint.html
464613 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 18, ""Inline Evaluation"", Page 1095."
465 CWE-287,Improper Authentication (Type: Class),"When an actor claims to have a given identity, the software does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.",Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.,,Medium to High,"Weak Password Brings 'Happiness' to Twitter Hacker: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/01/professed-twitt/
614 CWE-287,EN-Improper Authentication (Type: Class),"When an actor claims to have a given identity, the software does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
615 Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.",,Medium to High,"Weak Password Brings 'Happiness' to Twitter Hacker: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/01/professed-twitt/
466616 Top 10 2007-Broken Authentication and Session Management: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007-A7
467617 Guide to Authentication: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Guide_to_Authentication
468618 Authentication: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa374735(VS.85).aspx
469619 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 4, ""Authentication"" Page 109"
470 CWE-306,Missing Authentication for Critical Function (Type: Variant),The software does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.,"Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authentication,"" Page 36
620 CWE-306,EN-Missing Authentication for Critical Function (Type: Variant),"The software does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
621 Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authentication,"" Page 36
471622 Top 25 Series - Rank 19 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/02/23/top-25-series-rank-19-missing-authentication-for-critical-function/
472623 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
473 CWE-319,Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information (Type: Base),The software transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.,"Many communication channels can be ""sniffed"" by attackers during data transmission. For example, network traffic can often be sniffed by any attacker who has access to a network interface. This significantly lowers the difficulty of exploitation by attackers.",,Medium to High,"Top 10 2007-Insecure Communications: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007-A9
624 CWE-319,EN-Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information (Type: Base),"The software transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.
625 Many communication channels can be ""sniffed"" by attackers during data transmission. For example, network traffic can often be sniffed by any attacker who has access to a network interface. This significantly lowers the difficulty of exploitation by attackers.",,Medium to High,"Top 10 2007-Insecure Communications: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007-A9
474626 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
475627 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 22: Failing to Protect Network Traffic."" Page 337
476628 Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/"
477 CWE-327,Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm (Type: Base),The use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm is an unnecessary risk that may result in the exposure of sensitive information.,The use of a non-standard algorithm is dangerous because a determined attacker may be able to break the algorithm and compromise whatever data has been protected. Well-known techniques may exist to break the algorithm.,,Medium to High,"Applied Cryptography: http://www.schneier.com/book-applied.html
629 CWE-327,EN-Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm (Type: Base),"The use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm is an unnecessary risk that may result in the exposure of sensitive information.
630 The use of a non-standard algorithm is dangerous because a determined attacker may be able to break the algorithm and compromise whatever data has been protected. Well-known techniques may exist to break the algorithm.",,Medium to High,"Applied Cryptography: http://www.schneier.com/book-applied.html
478631 Handbook of Applied Cryptography: http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/
479632 Avoiding bogus encryption products: Snake Oil FAQ: http://www.faqs.org/faqs/cryptography-faq/snake-oil/
480633 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
483636 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 21: Using the Wrong Cryptography."" Page 315
484637 Top 25 Series - Rank 24 - Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/25/top-25-series-rank-24-use-of-a-broken-or-risky-cryptographic-algorithm/
485638 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Insufficient or Obsolete Encryption"", Page 44."
486 CWE-330,Use of Insufficiently Random Values (Type: Class),The software may use insufficiently random numbers or values in a security context that depends on unpredictable numbers.,"When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Medium to High,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
639 CWE-330,EN-Use of Insufficiently Random Values (Type: Class),"The software may use insufficiently random numbers or values in a security context that depends on unpredictable numbers.
640 When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Medium to High,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
487641 Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
488642 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 8, ""Using Poor Random Numbers"" Page 259
489643 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
490 CWE-400,Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (Resource Exhaustion) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly restrict the size or amount of resources that are requested or influenced by an actor, which can be used to consume more resources than intended.","Limited resources include memory, file system storage, database connection pool entries, or CPU. If an attacker can trigger the allocation of these limited resources, but the number or size of the resources is not controlled, then the attacker could cause a denial of service that consumes all available resources. This would prevent valid users from accessing the software, and it could potentially have an impact on the surrounding environment. For example, a memory exhaustion attack against an application could slow down the application as well as its host operating system.
644 CWE-400,EN-Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (Resource Exhaustion) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly restrict the size or amount of resources that are requested or influenced by an actor, which can be used to consume more resources than intended.
645 Limited resources include memory, file system storage, database connection pool entries, or CPU. If an attacker can trigger the allocation of these limited resources, but the number or size of the resources is not controlled, then the attacker could cause a denial of service that consumes all available resources. This would prevent valid users from accessing the software, and it could potentially have an impact on the surrounding environment. For example, a memory exhaustion attack against an application could slow down the application as well as its host operating system.
491646 Resource exhaustion problems have at least two common causes:
492647 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances
493648 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for releasing the resource",,Medium to High,"Detection and Prediction of Resource-Exhaustion Vulnerabilities: http://homepages.di.fc.ul.pt/~nuno/PAPERS/ISSRE08.pdf
494649 Resource exhaustion: http://cr.yp.to/docs/resources.html
495650 Resource exhaustion: http://homes.cerias.purdue.edu/~pmeunier/secprog/sanitized/class1/6.resource%20exhaustion.ppt
496651 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 17, ""Protecting Against Denial of Service Attacks"" Page 517"
497 CWE-434,Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (Type: Base),The software allows the attacker to upload or transfer files of dangerous types that can be automatically processed within the product's environment.,"If code is stored in a file with an extension such as "".inc"" or "".pl"", and the web server does not have a handler for that extension, then the server will likely send the contents of the file directly to the requester without the pre-processing that was expected. When that file contains sensitive information such as database credentials, this may allow the attacker to compromise the application or associated components.",,Medium to High,"Dynamic File Uploads, Security and You: http://shsc.info/FileUploadSecurity
652 CWE-434,EN-Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (Type: Base),"The software allows the attacker to upload or transfer files of dangerous types that can be automatically processed within the product's environment.
653 If code is stored in a file with an extension such as "".inc"" or "".pl"", and the web server does not have a handler for that extension, then the server will likely send the contents of the file directly to the requester without the pre-processing that was expected. When that file contains sensitive information such as database credentials, this may allow the attacker to compromise the application or associated components.",,Medium to High,"Dynamic File Uploads, Security and You: http://shsc.info/FileUploadSecurity
498654 8 Basic Rules to Implement Secure File Uploads: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2009/12/28/8-basic-rules-to-implement-secure-file-uploads/
499655 Top 25 Series - Rank 8 - Unrestricted Upload of Dangerous File Type: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/02/25/top-25-series-rank-8-unrestricted-upload-of-dangerous-file-type/
500656 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
501657 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""File Uploading"", Page 1068."
502 CWE-64,Windows Shortcut Following (.LNK) (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently handle when the file is a Windows shortcut (.LNK) whose target is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.",The shortcut (file with the .lnk extension) can permit an attacker to read/write a file that they originally did not have permissions to access.,,Medium to High,
503 CWE-681,Incorrect Conversion between Numeric Types (Type: Base),"When converting from one data type to another, such as long to integer, data can be omitted or translated in a way that produces unexpected values. If the resulting values are used in a sensitive context, then dangerous behaviors may occur.","Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
504 CWE-732,Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource (Type: Class),The software specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.,"When a resource is given a permissions setting that provides access to a wider range of actors than required, it could lead to the exposure of sensitive information, or the modification of that resource by unintended parties. This is especially dangerous when the resource is related to program configuration, execution or sensitive user data.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""File Permissions."" Page 495.
658 CWE-64,EN-Windows Shortcut Following (.LNK) (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently handle when the file is a Windows shortcut (.LNK) whose target is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.
659 The shortcut (file with the .lnk extension) can permit an attacker to read/write a file that they originally did not have permissions to access.",,Medium to High,
660 CWE-681,EN-Incorrect Conversion between Numeric Types (Type: Base),"When converting from one data type to another, such as long to integer, data can be omitted or translated in a way that produces unexpected values. If the resulting values are used in a sensitive context, then dangerous behaviors may occur.
661 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
662 CWE-732,EN-Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource (Type: Class),"The software specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.
663 When a resource is given a permissions setting that provides access to a wider range of actors than required, it could lead to the exposure of sensitive information, or the modification of that resource by unintended parties. This is especially dangerous when the resource is related to program configuration, execution or sensitive user data.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""File Permissions."" Page 495.
505664 Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way: Chapter 8, ""Access Control."" Page 194.
506665 Top 25 Series - Rank 21 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Response: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/24/top-25-series-rank-21-incorrect-permission-assignment-for-critical-response
507666 Federal Desktop Core Configuration: http://nvd.nist.gov/fdcc/index.cfm"
508 CWE-770,Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling (Type: Base),"The software allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any restrictions on how many resources can be allocated, in violation of the intended security policy for that actor.","Command injection vulnerabilities typically occur when:
667 CWE-770,EN-Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling (Type: Base),"The software allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any restrictions on how many resources can be allocated, in violation of the intended security policy for that actor.
668 Command injection vulnerabilities typically occur when:
509669 1. Data enters the application from an untrusted source.
510670 2. The data is part of a string that is executed as a command by the application.
511671 3. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Medium to High,"Real-Life Example of a 'Business Logic Defect' (Screen Shots!): http://h30501.www3.hp.com/t5/Following-the-White-Rabbit-A/Real-Life-Example-of-a-Business-Logic-Defect-Screen-Shots/ba-p/22581
515675 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 17, ""Protecting Against Denial of Service Attacks"" Page 517
516676 Top 25 Series - Rank 22 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/23/top-25-series-rank-22-allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling/
517677 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
518 CWE-771,Missing Reference to Active Allocated Resource (Type: Base),"The software does not properly maintain a reference to a resource that has been allocated, which prevents the resource from being reclaimed.","This does not necessarily apply in languages or frameworks that automatically perform garbage collection, since the removal of all references may act as a signal that the resource is ready to be reclaimed.",,Medium to High,
519 CWE-772,Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime (Type: Base),"The software does not release a resource after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the resource is no longer needed.","When a resource is not released after use, it can allow attackers to cause a denial of service.",,Medium to High,
520 CWE-773,Missing Reference to Active File Descriptor or Handle (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly maintain references to a file descriptor or handle, which prevents that file descriptor/handle from being reclaimed.","This can cause the software to consume all available file descriptors or handles, which can prevent other processes from performing critical file processing operations.",,Medium to High,
521 CWE-774,Allocation of File Descriptors or Handles Without Limits or Throttling (Type: Variant),"The software allocates file descriptors or handles on behalf of an actor without imposing any restrictions on how many descriptors can be allocated, in violation of the intended security policy for that actor.","This can cause the software to consume all available file descriptors or handles, which can prevent other processes from performing critical file processing operations.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
522 CWE-775,Missing Release of File Descriptor or Handle after Effective Lifetime (Type: Variant),"The software does not release a file descriptor or handle after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the file descriptor/handle is no longer needed.","When a file descriptor or handle is not released after use (typically by explicitly closing it), attackers can cause a denial of service by consuming all available file descriptors/handles, or otherwise preventing other system processes from obtaining their own file descriptors/handles.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""File Descriptor Leaks"", Page 582."
523 CWE-804,Guessable CAPTCHA (Type: Base),"The software uses a CAPTCHA challenge, but the challenge can be guessed or automatically recognized by a non-human actor.","An automated attacker could bypass the intended protection of the CAPTCHA challenge and perform actions at a higher frequency than humanly possible, such as launching spam attacks.
678 CWE-771,EN-Missing Reference to Active Allocated Resource (Type: Base),"The software does not properly maintain a reference to a resource that has been allocated, which prevents the resource from being reclaimed.
679 This does not necessarily apply in languages or frameworks that automatically perform garbage collection, since the removal of all references may act as a signal that the resource is ready to be reclaimed.",,Medium to High,
680 CWE-772,EN-Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime (Type: Base),"The software does not release a resource after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the resource is no longer needed.
681 When a resource is not released after use, it can allow attackers to cause a denial of service.",,Medium to High,
682 CWE-773,EN-Missing Reference to Active File Descriptor or Handle (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly maintain references to a file descriptor or handle, which prevents that file descriptor/handle from being reclaimed.
683 This can cause the software to consume all available file descriptors or handles, which can prevent other processes from performing critical file processing operations.",,Medium to High,
684 CWE-774,EN-Allocation of File Descriptors or Handles Without Limits or Throttling (Type: Variant),"The software allocates file descriptors or handles on behalf of an actor without imposing any restrictions on how many descriptors can be allocated, in violation of the intended security policy for that actor.
685 This can cause the software to consume all available file descriptors or handles, which can prevent other processes from performing critical file processing operations.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
686 CWE-775,EN-Missing Release of File Descriptor or Handle after Effective Lifetime (Type: Variant),"The software does not release a file descriptor or handle after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the file descriptor/handle is no longer needed.
687 When a file descriptor or handle is not released after use (typically by explicitly closing it), attackers can cause a denial of service by consuming all available file descriptors/handles, or otherwise preventing other system processes from obtaining their own file descriptors/handles.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""File Descriptor Leaks"", Page 582."
688 CWE-804,EN-Guessable CAPTCHA (Type: Base),"The software uses a CAPTCHA challenge, but the challenge can be guessed or automatically recognized by a non-human actor.
689 An automated attacker could bypass the intended protection of the CAPTCHA challenge and perform actions at a higher frequency than humanly possible, such as launching spam attacks.
524690 There can be several different causes of a guessable CAPTCHA:
525691 An audio or visual image that does not have sufficient distortion from the unobfuscated source image.
526692 A question is generated that with a format that can be automatically recognized, such as a math question.
527693 A question for which the number of possible answers is limited, such as birth years or favorite sports teams.
528694 A general-knowledge or trivia question for which the answer can be accessed using a data base, such as country capitals or popular actors.
529695 Other data associated with the CAPTCHA may provide hints about its contents, such as an image whose filename contains the word that is used in the CAPTCHA.",,Medium to High,Insufficient Anti-automation: http://projects.webappsec.org/Insufficient+Anti-automation
530 CWE-805,Buffer Access with Incorrect Length Value (Type: Base),"The software uses a sequential operation to read or write a buffer, but it uses an incorrect length value that causes it to access memory that is outside of the bounds of the buffer.","When the length value exceeds the size of the destination, a buffer overflow could occur.",,Medium to High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 6, ""Why ACLs Are Important"" Page 171
696 CWE-805,EN-Buffer Access with Incorrect Length Value (Type: Base),"The software uses a sequential operation to read or write a buffer, but it uses an incorrect length value that causes it to access memory that is outside of the bounds of the buffer.
697 When the length value exceeds the size of the destination, a buffer overflow could occur.",,Medium to High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 6, ""Why ACLs Are Important"" Page 171
531698 Address Space Layout Randomization in Windows Vista: http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_howard/archive/2006/05/26/address-space-layout-randomization-in-windows-vista.aspx
532699 Limiting buffer overflows with ExecShield: http://www.redhat.com/magazine/009jul05/features/execshield/
533700 PaX: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PaX
536703 Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
537704 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx
538705 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
539 CWE-806,Buffer Access Using Size of Source Buffer (Type: Variant),"The software uses the size of a source buffer when reading from or writing to a destination buffer, which may cause it to access memory that is outside of the bounds of the buffer.","When the size of the destination is smaller than the size of the source, a buffer overflow could occur.",,Medium to High,"Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
706 CWE-806,EN-Buffer Access Using Size of Source Buffer (Type: Variant),"The software uses the size of a source buffer when reading from or writing to a destination buffer, which may cause it to access memory that is outside of the bounds of the buffer.
707 When the size of the destination is smaller than the size of the source, a buffer overflow could occur.",,Medium to High,"Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
540708 Safe C String Library v1.0.3: http://www.zork.org/safestr/
541709 Address Space Layout Randomization in Windows Vista: http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_howard/archive/2006/05/26/address-space-layout-randomization-in-windows-vista.aspx
542710 Limiting buffer overflows with ExecShield: http://www.redhat.com/magazine/009jul05/features/execshield/
543711 PaX: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PaX
544712 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx"
545 CWE-807,Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"The application uses a protection mechanism that relies on the existence or values of an input, but the input can be modified by an untrusted actor in a way that bypasses the protection mechanism.","Developers may assume that inputs such as cookies, environment variables, and hidden form fields cannot be modified. However, an attacker could change these inputs using customized clients or other attacks. This change might not be detected. When security decisions such as authentication and authorization are made based on the values of these inputs, attackers can bypass the security of the software.
713 CWE-807,EN-Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"The application uses a protection mechanism that relies on the existence or values of an input, but the input can be modified by an untrusted actor in a way that bypasses the protection mechanism.
714 Developers may assume that inputs such as cookies, environment variables, and hidden form fields cannot be modified. However, an attacker could change these inputs using customized clients or other attacks. This change might not be detected. When security decisions such as authentication and authorization are made based on the values of these inputs, attackers can bypass the security of the software.
546715 Without sufficient encryption, integrity checking, or other mechanism, any input that originates from an outsider cannot be trusted.",,Medium to High,"Top 25 Series - Rank 6 - Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/05/top-25-series-rank-6-reliance-on-untrusted-inputs-in-a-security-decision/
547716 HMAC: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hmac
548717 Understanding ASP.NET View State: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms972976.aspx
549718 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
550 CWE-93,Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences (CRLF Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses CRLF (carriage return line feeds) as a special element, e.g. to separate lines or records, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CRLF sequences from inputs.","Since an implicit intent does not specify a particular application to receive the data, any application can process the intent by using an Intent Filter for that intent. This can allow untrusted applications to obtain sensitive data.",,Medium to High,CRLF Injection: http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq&m=102088154213630&w=2
551 CWE-102,Struts: Duplicate Validation Forms (Type: Variant),"The application uses multiple validation forms with the same name, which might cause the Struts Validator to validate a form that the programmer does not expect.","If two validation forms have the same name, the Struts Validator arbitrarily chooses one of the forms to use for input validation and discards the other. This decision might not correspond to the programmer's expectations, possibly leading to resultant weaknesses. Moreover, it indicates that the validation logic is not up-to-date, and can indicate that other, more subtle validation errors are present.",,Unknown,
552 CWE-103,Struts: Incomplete validate() Method Definition (Type: Variant),"The application has a validator form that either does not define a validate() method, or defines a validate() method but does not call super.validate().","If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
553 CWE-104,Struts: Form Bean Does Not Extend Validation Class (Type: Variant),"If a form bean does not extend an ActionForm subclass of the Validator framework, it can expose the application to other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.","If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
554 CWE-105,Struts: Form Field Without Validator (Type: Variant),"The application has a form field that is not validated by a corresponding validation form, which can introduce other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.","If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
555 CWE-106,Struts: Plug-in Framework not in Use (Type: Variant),"When an application does not use an input validation framework such as the Struts Validator, there is a greater risk of introducing weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.","If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
556 CWE-107,Struts: Unused Validation Form (Type: Variant),An unused validation form indicates that validation logic is not up-to-date.,It is easy for developers to forget to update validation logic when they remove or rename action form mappings. One indication that validation logic is not being properly maintained is the presence of an unused validation form.,,Unknown,
557 CWE-108,Struts: Unvalidated Action Form (Type: Variant),Every Action Form must have a corresponding validation form.,"If a Struts Action Form Mapping specifies a form, it must have a validation form defined under the Struts Validator.",,Unknown,
558 CWE-109,Struts: Validator Turned Off (Type: Variant),"Automatic filtering via a Struts bean has been turned off, which disables the Struts Validator and custom validation logic. This exposes the application to other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.","If a Struts Action Form Mapping specifies a form, it must have a validation form defined under the Struts Validator.",,Unknown,
559 CWE-11,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Creating Debug Binary (Type: Variant),Debugging messages help attackers learn about the system and plan a form of attack.,ASP .NET applications can be configured to produce debug binaries. These binaries give detailed debugging messages and should not be used in production environments. Debug binaries are meant to be used in a development or testing environment and can pose a security risk if they are deployed to production.,,Unknown,
560 CWE-110,Struts: Validator Without Form Field (Type: Variant),Validation fields that do not appear in forms they are associated with indicate that the validation logic is out of date.,It is easy for developers to forget to update validation logic when they make changes to an ActionForm class. One indication that validation logic is not being properly maintained is inconsistencies between the action form and the validation form.,,Unknown,
561 CWE-111,Direct Use of Unsafe JNI (Type: Base),"When a Java application uses the Java Native Interface (JNI) to call code written in another programming language, it can expose the application to weaknesses in that code, even if those weaknesses cannot occur in Java.","Many safety features that programmers may take for granted simply do not apply for native code, so you must carefully review all such code for potential problems. The languages used to implement native code may be more susceptible to buffer overflows and other attacks. Native code is unprotected by the security features enforced by the runtime environment, such as strong typing and array bounds checking.",,Unknown,"Fortify Descriptions: http://vulncat.fortifysoftware.com
719 CWE-93,EN-Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences (CRLF Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses CRLF (carriage return line feeds) as a special element, e.g. to separate lines or records, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CRLF sequences from inputs.
720 Since an implicit intent does not specify a particular application to receive the data, any application can process the intent by using an Intent Filter for that intent. This can allow untrusted applications to obtain sensitive data.",,Medium to High,CRLF Injection: http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq&m=102088154213630&w=2
721 CWE-102,EN-Struts: Duplicate Validation Forms (Type: Variant),"The application uses multiple validation forms with the same name, which might cause the Struts Validator to validate a form that the programmer does not expect.
722 If two validation forms have the same name, the Struts Validator arbitrarily chooses one of the forms to use for input validation and discards the other. This decision might not correspond to the programmer's expectations, possibly leading to resultant weaknesses. Moreover, it indicates that the validation logic is not up-to-date, and can indicate that other, more subtle validation errors are present.",,Unknown,
723 CWE-103,EN-Struts: Incomplete validate() Method Definition (Type: Variant),"The application has a validator form that either does not define a validate() method, or defines a validate() method but does not call super.validate().
724 If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
725 CWE-104,EN-Struts: Form Bean Does Not Extend Validation Class (Type: Variant),"If a form bean does not extend an ActionForm subclass of the Validator framework, it can expose the application to other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.
726 If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
727 CWE-105,EN-Struts: Form Field Without Validator (Type: Variant),"The application has a form field that is not validated by a corresponding validation form, which can introduce other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.
728 If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
729 CWE-106,EN-Struts: Plug-in Framework not in Use (Type: Variant),"When an application does not use an input validation framework such as the Struts Validator, there is a greater risk of introducing weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.
730 If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
731 CWE-107,EN-Struts: Unused Validation Form (Type: Variant),"An unused validation form indicates that validation logic is not up-to-date.
732 It is easy for developers to forget to update validation logic when they remove or rename action form mappings. One indication that validation logic is not being properly maintained is the presence of an unused validation form.",,Unknown,
733 CWE-108,EN-Struts: Unvalidated Action Form (Type: Variant),"Every Action Form must have a corresponding validation form.
734 If a Struts Action Form Mapping specifies a form, it must have a validation form defined under the Struts Validator.",,Unknown,
735 CWE-109,EN-Struts: Validator Turned Off (Type: Variant),"Automatic filtering via a Struts bean has been turned off, which disables the Struts Validator and custom validation logic. This exposes the application to other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.
736 If a Struts Action Form Mapping specifies a form, it must have a validation form defined under the Struts Validator.",,Unknown,
737 CWE-11,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Creating Debug Binary (Type: Variant),"Debugging messages help attackers learn about the system and plan a form of attack.
738 ASP .NET applications can be configured to produce debug binaries. These binaries give detailed debugging messages and should not be used in production environments. Debug binaries are meant to be used in a development or testing environment and can pose a security risk if they are deployed to production.",,Unknown,
739 CWE-110,EN-Struts: Validator Without Form Field (Type: Variant),"Validation fields that do not appear in forms they are associated with indicate that the validation logic is out of date.
740 It is easy for developers to forget to update validation logic when they make changes to an ActionForm class. One indication that validation logic is not being properly maintained is inconsistencies between the action form and the validation form.",,Unknown,
741 CWE-111,EN-Direct Use of Unsafe JNI (Type: Base),"When a Java application uses the Java Native Interface (JNI) to call code written in another programming language, it can expose the application to weaknesses in that code, even if those weaknesses cannot occur in Java.
742 Many safety features that programmers may take for granted simply do not apply for native code, so you must carefully review all such code for potential problems. The languages used to implement native code may be more susceptible to buffer overflows and other attacks. Native code is unprotected by the security features enforced by the runtime environment, such as strong typing and array bounds checking.",,Unknown,"Fortify Descriptions: http://vulncat.fortifysoftware.com
562743 The Java(TM) Tutorial: The Java Native Interface: http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/native1.1/"
563 CWE-112,Missing XML Validation (Type: Base),The software accepts XML from an untrusted source but does not validate the XML against the proper schema.,"Most successful attacks begin with a violation of the programmer's assumptions. By accepting an XML document without validating it against a DTD or XML schema, the programmer leaves a door open for attackers to provide unexpected, unreasonable, or malicious input.",,Unknown,
564 CWE-113,Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers (HTTP Response Splitting) (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CR and LF characters before the data is included in outgoing HTTP headers.","Including unvalidated data in an HTTP header allows an attacker to specify the entirety of the HTTP response rendered by the browser. When an HTTP request contains unexpected CR (carriage return, also given by %0d or \r) and LF (line feed, also given by %0a or \n) characters the server may respond with an output stream that is interpreted as two different HTTP responses (instead of one). An attacker can control the second response and mount attacks such as cross-site scripting and cache poisoning attacks.
744 CWE-112,EN-Missing XML Validation (Type: Base),"The software accepts XML from an untrusted source but does not validate the XML against the proper schema.
745 Most successful attacks begin with a violation of the programmer's assumptions. By accepting an XML document without validating it against a DTD or XML schema, the programmer leaves a door open for attackers to provide unexpected, unreasonable, or malicious input.",,Unknown,
746 CWE-113,EN-Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers (HTTP Response Splitting) (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CR and LF characters before the data is included in outgoing HTTP headers.
747 Including unvalidated data in an HTTP header allows an attacker to specify the entirety of the HTTP response rendered by the browser. When an HTTP request contains unexpected CR (carriage return, also given by %0d or \r) and LF (line feed, also given by %0a or \n) characters the server may respond with an output stream that is interpreted as two different HTTP responses (instead of one). An attacker can control the second response and mount attacks such as cross-site scripting and cache poisoning attacks.
565748 HTTP response splitting weaknesses may be present when:
566749 Data enters a web application through an untrusted source, most frequently an HTTP request.
567750 The data is included in an HTTP response header sent to a web user without being validated for malicious characters.",,Unknown,"OWASP TOP 10: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007
568751 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 2: Web-Server Related Vulnerabilities (XSS, XSRF, and Response Splitting)."" Page 31"
569 CWE-114,Process Control (Type: Base),Executing commands or loading libraries from an untrusted source or in an untrusted environment can cause an application to execute malicious commands (and payloads) on behalf of an attacker.,"Process control vulnerabilities take two forms: 1. An attacker can change the command that the program executes: the attacker explicitly controls what the command is. 2. An attacker can change the environment in which the command executes: the attacker implicitly controls what the command means. Process control vulnerabilities of the first type occur when either data enters the application from an untrusted source and the data is used as part of a string representing a command that is executed by the application. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Unknown,
570 CWE-115,Misinterpretation of Input (Type: Base),"The software misinterprets an input, whether from an attacker or another product, in a security-relevant fashion.","Process control vulnerabilities take two forms: 1. An attacker can change the command that the program executes: the attacker explicitly controls what the command is. 2. An attacker can change the environment in which the command executes: the attacker implicitly controls what the command means. Process control vulnerabilities of the first type occur when either data enters the application from an untrusted source and the data is used as part of a string representing a command that is executed by the application. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Unknown,
571 CWE-118,Improper Access of Indexable Resource (Range Error) (Type: Class),"The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts operations within the boundaries of a resource that is accessed using an index or pointer, such as memory or files.","This can allow an attacker to forge log entries or inject malicious content into logs.
752 CWE-114,EN-Process Control (Type: Base),"Executing commands or loading libraries from an untrusted source or in an untrusted environment can cause an application to execute malicious commands (and payloads) on behalf of an attacker.
753 Process control vulnerabilities take two forms: 1. An attacker can change the command that the program executes: the attacker explicitly controls what the command is. 2. An attacker can change the environment in which the command executes: the attacker implicitly controls what the command means. Process control vulnerabilities of the first type occur when either data enters the application from an untrusted source and the data is used as part of a string representing a command that is executed by the application. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Unknown,
754 CWE-115,EN-Misinterpretation of Input (Type: Base),"The software misinterprets an input, whether from an attacker or another product, in a security-relevant fashion.
755 Process control vulnerabilities take two forms: 1. An attacker can change the command that the program executes: the attacker explicitly controls what the command is. 2. An attacker can change the environment in which the command executes: the attacker implicitly controls what the command means. Process control vulnerabilities of the first type occur when either data enters the application from an untrusted source and the data is used as part of a string representing a command that is executed by the application. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Unknown,
756 CWE-118,EN-Improper Access of Indexable Resource (Range Error) (Type: Class),"The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts operations within the boundaries of a resource that is accessed using an index or pointer, such as memory or files.
757 This can allow an attacker to forge log entries or inject malicious content into logs.
572758 Log forging vulnerabilities occur when:
573759 Data enters an application from an untrusted source.
574760 The data is written to an application or system log file.",,Unknown,
575 CWE-12,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Variant),An ASP .NET application must enable custom error pages in order to prevent attackers from mining information from the framework's built-in responses.,"Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
761 CWE-12,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Variant),"An ASP .NET application must enable custom error pages in order to prevent attackers from mining information from the framework's built-in responses.
762 Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
576763 As a result, an attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code, alter the intended control flow, read sensitive information, or cause the system to crash.",,Unknown,"19 Deadly Sins of Software Security
577764 ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Handling: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ASP.NET_Misconfiguration:_Missing_Custom_Error_Handling"
578 CWE-125,Out-of-bounds Read (Type: Base),"The software reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.","This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented or decremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in corruption of sensitive information, a crash, or code execution among other things.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
579 CWE-126,Buffer Over-read (Type: Variant),The software reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations after the targeted buffer.,This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.,,Unknown,
580 CWE-127,Buffer Under-read (Type: Variant),The software reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations prior to the targeted buffer.,"This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,
581 CWE-13,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),Storing a plaintext password in a configuration file allows anyone who can read the file access to the password-protected resource making them an easy target for attackers.,"This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,"How To: Encrypt Configuration Sections in ASP.NET 2.0 Using DPAPI: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms998280.aspx
765 CWE-125,EN-Out-of-bounds Read (Type: Base),"The software reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
766 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented or decremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in corruption of sensitive information, a crash, or code execution among other things.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
767 CWE-126,EN-Buffer Over-read (Type: Variant),"The software reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations after the targeted buffer.
768 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,
769 CWE-127,EN-Buffer Under-read (Type: Variant),"The software reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations prior to the targeted buffer.
770 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,
771 CWE-13,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),"Storing a plaintext password in a configuration file allows anyone who can read the file access to the password-protected resource making them an easy target for attackers.
772 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,"How To: Encrypt Configuration Sections in ASP.NET 2.0 Using DPAPI: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms998280.aspx
582773 How To: Encrypt Configuration Sections in ASP.NET 2.0 Using RSA: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms998283.aspx
583774 .NET Framework Developer's Guide - Securing Connection Strings: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/89211k9b(VS.80).aspx"
584 CWE-130,Improper Handling of Length Parameter Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"The software parses a formatted message or structure, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a length field that is inconsistent with the actual length of the associated data.","If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,
585 CWE-132,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Miscalculated Null Termination (Type: Base),This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-170. All content has been transferred to CWE-170.,"If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,
586 CWE-135,Incorrect Calculation of Multi-Byte String Length (Type: Base),The software does not correctly calculate the length of strings that can contain wide or multi-byte characters.,"If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Unicode and ANSI Buffer Size Mismatches"" Page 153"
587 CWE-138,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements (Type: Class),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as control elements or syntactic markers when they are sent to a downstream component.","Most languages and protocols have their own special elements such as characters and reserved words. These special elements can carry control implications. If software does not prevent external control or influence over the inclusion of such special elements, the control flow of the program may be altered from what was intended. For example, both Unix and Windows interpret the symbol < (""less than"") as meaning ""read input from a file"".",,Unknown,
588 CWE-14,Compiler Removal of Code to Clear Buffers (Type: Base),"Sensitive memory is cleared according to the source code, but compiler optimizations leave the memory untouched when it is not read from again, aka ""dead store removal.""","This compiler optimization error occurs when:
775 CWE-130,EN-Improper Handling of Length Parameter Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"The software parses a formatted message or structure, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a length field that is inconsistent with the actual length of the associated data.
776 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,
777 CWE-132,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Miscalculated Null Termination (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-170. All content has been transferred to CWE-170.
778 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,
779 CWE-135,EN-Incorrect Calculation of Multi-Byte String Length (Type: Base),"The software does not correctly calculate the length of strings that can contain wide or multi-byte characters.
780 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Unicode and ANSI Buffer Size Mismatches"" Page 153"
781 CWE-138,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements (Type: Class),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as control elements or syntactic markers when they are sent to a downstream component.
782 Most languages and protocols have their own special elements such as characters and reserved words. These special elements can carry control implications. If software does not prevent external control or influence over the inclusion of such special elements, the control flow of the program may be altered from what was intended. For example, both Unix and Windows interpret the symbol < (""less than"") as meaning ""read input from a file"".",,Unknown,
783 CWE-14,EN-Compiler Removal of Code to Clear Buffers (Type: Base),"Sensitive memory is cleared according to the source code, but compiler optimizations leave the memory untouched when it is not read from again, aka ""dead store removal.""
784 This compiler optimization error occurs when:
589785 1. Secret data are stored in memory.
590786 2. The secret data are scrubbed from memory by overwriting its contents.
591787 3. The source code is compiled using an optimizing compiler, which identifies and removes the function that overwrites the contents as a dead store because the memory is not used subsequently.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""A Compiler Optimization Caveat"" Page 322
592788 When scrubbing secrets in memory doesn't work: http://cert.uni-stuttgart.de/archive/bugtraq/2002/11/msg00046.html
593789 Some Bad News and Some Good News: http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dncode/html/secure10102002.asp
594790 GNU GCC: Optimizer Removes Code Necessary for Security: http://www.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/securityfocus/bugtraq/2002-11/0257.html"
595 CWE-140,Improper Neutralization of Delimiters (Type: Base),The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes delimiters.,"This compiler optimization error occurs when:
791 CWE-140,EN-Improper Neutralization of Delimiters (Type: Base),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes delimiters.
792 This compiler optimization error occurs when:
596793 1. Secret data are stored in memory.
597794 2. The secret data are scrubbed from memory by overwriting its contents.
598795 3. The source code is compiled using an optimizing compiler, which identifies and removes the function that overwrites the contents as a dead store because the memory is not used subsequently.",,Unknown,
599 CWE-141,Improper Neutralization of Parameter/Argument Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as parameter or argument delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408.
796 CWE-141,EN-Improper Neutralization of Parameter/Argument Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as parameter or argument delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
797 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408.
600798 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""IFS"", Page 604."
601 CWE-142,Improper Neutralization of Value Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as value delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
602 CWE-143,Improper Neutralization of Record Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as record delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
603 CWE-144,Improper Neutralization of Line Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as line delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
604 CWE-145,Improper Neutralization of Section Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as section delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.
799 CWE-142,EN-Improper Neutralization of Value Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as value delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
800 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
801 CWE-143,EN-Improper Neutralization of Record Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as record delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
802 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
803 CWE-144,EN-Improper Neutralization of Line Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as line delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
804 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
805 CWE-145,EN-Improper Neutralization of Section Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as section delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
806 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.
605807 One example of a section delimiter is the boundary string in a multipart MIME message. In many cases, doubled line delimiters can serve as a section delimiter.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
606 CWE-146,Improper Neutralization of Expression/Command Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as expression or command delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
607 CWE-147,Improper Neutralization of Input Terminators (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as input terminators when they are sent to a downstream component.","For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
608 CWE-148,Improper Neutralization of Input Leaders (Type: Variant),"The application does not properly handle when a leading character or sequence (""leader"") is missing or malformed, or if multiple leaders are used when only one should be allowed.","For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
609 CWE-149,Improper Neutralization of Quoting Syntax (Type: Variant),"Quotes injected into an application can be used to compromise a system. As data are parsed, an injected/absent/duplicate/malformed use of quotes may cause the process to take unexpected actions.","For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
610 CWE-15,External Control of System or Configuration Setting (Type: Base),One or more system settings or configuration elements can be externally controlled by a user.,"Allowing external control of system settings can disrupt service or cause an application to behave in unexpected, and potentially malicious ways.",,Unknown,
611 CWE-150,"Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences (Type: Variant)","The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as escape, meta, or control character sequences when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
612 CWE-151,Improper Neutralization of Comment Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as comment delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
613 CWE-152,Improper Neutralization of Macro Symbols (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as macro symbols when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
614 CWE-153,Improper Neutralization of Substitution Characters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as substitution characters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
615 CWE-154,Improper Neutralization of Variable Name Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as variable name delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack. Example: ""$"" for an environment variable.",,Unknown,
616 CWE-155,Improper Neutralization of Wildcards or Matching Symbols (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as wildcards or matching symbols when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected element may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
617 CWE-156,Improper Neutralization of Whitespace (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as whitespace when they are sent to a downstream component.","This can include space, tab, etc.",,Unknown,
618 CWE-157,Failure to Sanitize Paired Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle the characters that are used to mark the beginning and ending of a group of entities, such as parentheses, brackets, and braces.","This can include space, tab, etc.",,Unknown,
619 CWE-158,Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes NUL characters or null bytes when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected NUL character or null byte may cause the software to believe the input is terminated earlier than it actually is, or otherwise cause the input to be misinterpreted. This could then be used to inject potentially dangerous input that occurs after the null byte or otherwise bypass validation routines and other protection mechanisms.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""NUL Character Injection"", Page 411."
620 CWE-159,Failure to Sanitize Special Element (Type: Class),Weaknesses in this attack-focused category do not properly filter and interpret special elements in user-controlled input which could cause adverse effect on the software behavior and integrity.,"As data is parsed, an injected NUL character or null byte may cause the software to believe the input is terminated earlier than it actually is, or otherwise cause the input to be misinterpreted. This could then be used to inject potentially dangerous input that occurs after the null byte or otherwise bypass validation routines and other protection mechanisms.",,Unknown,
621 CWE-160,Improper Neutralization of Leading Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled leading special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
622 CWE-161,Improper Neutralization of Multiple Leading Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple leading special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
623 CWE-162,Improper Neutralization of Trailing Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled trailing special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
624 CWE-163,Improper Neutralization of Multiple Trailing Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple trailing special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
625 CWE-164,Improper Neutralization of Internal Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes internal special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
626 CWE-165,Improper Neutralization of Multiple Internal Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple internal special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
627 CWE-166,Improper Handling of Missing Special Element (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles when an expected special element is missing.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
628 CWE-167,Improper Handling of Additional Special Element (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles when an additional unexpected special element is missing.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
629 CWE-168,Improper Handling of Inconsistent Special Elements (Type: Base),The software does not handle when an inconsistency exists between two or more special characters or reserved words.,"An example of this problem would be if paired characters appear in the wrong order, or if the special characters are not properly nested.",,Unknown,
630 CWE-172,Encoding Error (Type: Class),"The software does not properly encode or decode the data, resulting in unexpected values.","Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
631 CWE-173,Improper Handling of Alternate Encoding (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when an input uses an alternate encoding that is valid for the control sphere to which the input is being sent.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
632 CWE-174,Double Decoding of the Same Data (Type: Variant),"The software decodes the same input twice, which can limit the effectiveness of any protection mechanism that occurs in between the decoding operations.","Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
633 CWE-175,Improper Handling of Mixed Encoding (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when the same input uses several different (mixed) encodings.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
634 CWE-176,Improper Handling of Unicode Encoding (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when an input contains Unicode encoding.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Sets and Unicode"", Page 446."
635 CWE-177,Improper Handling of URL Encoding (Hex Encoding) (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when all or part of an input has been URL encoded.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
636 CWE-178,Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity (Type: Base),"The software does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.","Improperly handled case sensitive data can lead to several possible consequences, including:
808 CWE-146,EN-Improper Neutralization of Expression/Command Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as expression or command delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
809 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
810 CWE-147,EN-Improper Neutralization of Input Terminators (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as input terminators when they are sent to a downstream component.
811 For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
812 CWE-148,EN-Improper Neutralization of Input Leaders (Type: Variant),"The application does not properly handle when a leading character or sequence (""leader"") is missing or malformed, or if multiple leaders are used when only one should be allowed.
813 For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
814 CWE-149,EN-Improper Neutralization of Quoting Syntax (Type: Variant),"Quotes injected into an application can be used to compromise a system. As data are parsed, an injected/absent/duplicate/malformed use of quotes may cause the process to take unexpected actions.
815 For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
816 CWE-15,EN-External Control of System or Configuration Setting (Type: Base),"One or more system settings or configuration elements can be externally controlled by a user.
817 Allowing external control of system settings can disrupt service or cause an application to behave in unexpected, and potentially malicious ways.",,Unknown,
818 CWE-150,"EN-Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences (Type: Variant)","The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as escape, meta, or control character sequences when they are sent to a downstream component.
819 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
820 CWE-151,EN-Improper Neutralization of Comment Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as comment delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
821 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
822 CWE-152,EN-Improper Neutralization of Macro Symbols (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as macro symbols when they are sent to a downstream component.
823 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
824 CWE-153,EN-Improper Neutralization of Substitution Characters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as substitution characters when they are sent to a downstream component.
825 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
826 CWE-154,EN-Improper Neutralization of Variable Name Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as variable name delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
827 As data is parsed, an injected delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack. Example: ""$"" for an environment variable.",,Unknown,
828 CWE-155,EN-Improper Neutralization of Wildcards or Matching Symbols (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as wildcards or matching symbols when they are sent to a downstream component.
829 As data is parsed, an injected element may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
830 CWE-156,EN-Improper Neutralization of Whitespace (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as whitespace when they are sent to a downstream component.
831 This can include space, tab, etc.",,Unknown,
832 CWE-157,EN-Failure to Sanitize Paired Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle the characters that are used to mark the beginning and ending of a group of entities, such as parentheses, brackets, and braces.
833 This can include space, tab, etc.",,Unknown,
834 CWE-158,EN-Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes NUL characters or null bytes when they are sent to a downstream component.
835 As data is parsed, an injected NUL character or null byte may cause the software to believe the input is terminated earlier than it actually is, or otherwise cause the input to be misinterpreted. This could then be used to inject potentially dangerous input that occurs after the null byte or otherwise bypass validation routines and other protection mechanisms.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""NUL Character Injection"", Page 411."
836 CWE-159,EN-Failure to Sanitize Special Element (Type: Class),"Weaknesses in this attack-focused category do not properly filter and interpret special elements in user-controlled input which could cause adverse effect on the software behavior and integrity.
837 As data is parsed, an injected NUL character or null byte may cause the software to believe the input is terminated earlier than it actually is, or otherwise cause the input to be misinterpreted. This could then be used to inject potentially dangerous input that occurs after the null byte or otherwise bypass validation routines and other protection mechanisms.",,Unknown,
838 CWE-160,EN-Improper Neutralization of Leading Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
839 As data is parsed, improperly handled leading special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
840 CWE-161,EN-Improper Neutralization of Multiple Leading Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
841 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple leading special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
842 CWE-162,EN-Improper Neutralization of Trailing Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
843 As data is parsed, improperly handled trailing special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
844 CWE-163,EN-Improper Neutralization of Multiple Trailing Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
845 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple trailing special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
846 CWE-164,EN-Improper Neutralization of Internal Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes internal special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
847 As data is parsed, improperly handled internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
848 CWE-165,EN-Improper Neutralization of Multiple Internal Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple internal special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
849 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
850 CWE-166,EN-Improper Handling of Missing Special Element (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles when an expected special element is missing.
851 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
852 CWE-167,EN-Improper Handling of Additional Special Element (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles when an additional unexpected special element is missing.
853 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
854 CWE-168,EN-Improper Handling of Inconsistent Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software does not handle when an inconsistency exists between two or more special characters or reserved words.
855 An example of this problem would be if paired characters appear in the wrong order, or if the special characters are not properly nested.",,Unknown,
856 CWE-172,EN-Encoding Error (Type: Class),"The software does not properly encode or decode the data, resulting in unexpected values.
857 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
858 CWE-173,EN-Improper Handling of Alternate Encoding (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when an input uses an alternate encoding that is valid for the control sphere to which the input is being sent.
859 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
860 CWE-174,EN-Double Decoding of the Same Data (Type: Variant),"The software decodes the same input twice, which can limit the effectiveness of any protection mechanism that occurs in between the decoding operations.
861 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
862 CWE-175,EN-Improper Handling of Mixed Encoding (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when the same input uses several different (mixed) encodings.
863 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
864 CWE-176,EN-Improper Handling of Unicode Encoding (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when an input contains Unicode encoding.
865 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Sets and Unicode"", Page 446."
866 CWE-177,EN-Improper Handling of URL Encoding (Hex Encoding) (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when all or part of an input has been URL encoded.
867 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
868 CWE-178,EN-Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity (Type: Base),"The software does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.
869 Improperly handled case sensitive data can lead to several possible consequences, including:
637870 case-insensitive passwords reducing the size of the key space, making brute force attacks easier
638871 bypassing filters or access controls using alternate names
639872 multiple interpretation errors using alternate names.",,Unknown,
640 CWE-179,Incorrect Behavior Order: Early Validation (Type: Base),"The software validates input before applying protection mechanisms that modify the input, which could allow an attacker to bypass the validation via dangerous inputs that only arise after the modification.","Software needs to validate data at the proper time, after data has been canonicalized and cleansed. Early validation is susceptible to various manipulations that result in dangerous inputs that are produced by canonicalization and cleansing.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Escaping Metacharacters"", Page 439."
641 CWE-180,Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize (Type: Base),"The software validates input before it is canonicalized, which prevents the software from detecting data that becomes invalid after the canonicalization step.","This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,
642 CWE-181,Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Filter (Type: Base),"The software validates data before it has been filtered, which prevents the software from detecting data that becomes invalid after the filtering step.","This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,
643 CWE-182,Collapse of Data into Unsafe Value (Type: Base),"The software filters data in a way that causes it to be reduced or ""collapsed"" into an unsafe value that violates an expected security property.","This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Stripping Vulnerabilities"", Page 437."
644 CWE-183,Permissive Whitelist (Type: Base),"An application uses a ""whitelist"" of acceptable values, but the whitelist includes at least one unsafe value, leading to resultant weaknesses.","This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Eliminating Metacharacters"", Page 435."
645 CWE-184,Incomplete Blacklist (Type: Base),"An application uses a ""blacklist"" of prohibited values, but the blacklist is incomplete.","If an incomplete blacklist is used as a security mechanism, then the software may allow unintended values to pass into the application logic.",,Unknown,"Exploiting Software: How to Break Code
873 CWE-179,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Early Validation (Type: Base),"The software validates input before applying protection mechanisms that modify the input, which could allow an attacker to bypass the validation via dangerous inputs that only arise after the modification.
874 Software needs to validate data at the proper time, after data has been canonicalized and cleansed. Early validation is susceptible to various manipulations that result in dangerous inputs that are produced by canonicalization and cleansing.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Escaping Metacharacters"", Page 439."
875 CWE-180,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize (Type: Base),"The software validates input before it is canonicalized, which prevents the software from detecting data that becomes invalid after the canonicalization step.
876 This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,
877 CWE-181,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Filter (Type: Base),"The software validates data before it has been filtered, which prevents the software from detecting data that becomes invalid after the filtering step.
878 This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,
879 CWE-182,EN-Collapse of Data into Unsafe Value (Type: Base),"The software filters data in a way that causes it to be reduced or ""collapsed"" into an unsafe value that violates an expected security property.
880 This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Stripping Vulnerabilities"", Page 437."
881 CWE-183,EN-Permissive Whitelist (Type: Base),"An application uses a ""whitelist"" of acceptable values, but the whitelist includes at least one unsafe value, leading to resultant weaknesses.
882 This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Eliminating Metacharacters"", Page 435."
883 CWE-184,EN-Incomplete Blacklist (Type: Base),"An application uses a ""blacklist"" of prohibited values, but the blacklist is incomplete.
884 If an incomplete blacklist is used as a security mechanism, then the software may allow unintended values to pass into the application logic.",,Unknown,"Exploiting Software: How to Break Code
646885 Blacklist defenses as a breeding ground for vulnerability variants: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2006/Feb/0040.html
647886 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Eliminating Metacharacters"", Page 435."
648 CWE-185,Incorrect Regular Expression (Type: Class),The software specifies a regular expression in a way that causes data to be improperly matched or compared.,"When the regular expression is used in protection mechanisms such as filtering or validation, this may allow an attacker to bypass the intended restrictions on the incoming data.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 10, ""Using Regular Expressions for Checking Input"" Page 350"
649 CWE-186,Overly Restrictive Regular Expression (Type: Base),"A regular expression is overly restrictive, which prevents dangerous values from being detected.","When the regular expression is used in protection mechanisms such as filtering or validation, this may allow an attacker to bypass the intended restrictions on the incoming data.",,Unknown,
650 CWE-187,Partial Comparison (Type: Base),"The software performs a comparison that only examines a portion of a factor before determining whether there is a match, such as a substring, leading to resultant weaknesses.","For example, an attacker might succeed in authentication by providing a small password that matches the associated portion of the larger, correct password.",,Unknown,
651 CWE-191,Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) (Type: Base),"The product subtracts one value from another, such that the result is less than the minimum allowable integer value, which produces a value that is not equal to the correct result.",This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.,,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 7: Integer Overflows."" Page 119"
652 CWE-193,Off-by-one Error (Type: Base),"A product calculates or uses an incorrect maximum or minimum value that is 1 more, or 1 less, than the correct value.",This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.,,Unknown,"Third Generation Exploits: http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-europe-01/halvar-flake/bh-europe-01-halvarflake.ppt
887 CWE-185,EN-Incorrect Regular Expression (Type: Class),"The software specifies a regular expression in a way that causes data to be improperly matched or compared.
888 When the regular expression is used in protection mechanisms such as filtering or validation, this may allow an attacker to bypass the intended restrictions on the incoming data.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 10, ""Using Regular Expressions for Checking Input"" Page 350"
889 CWE-186,EN-Overly Restrictive Regular Expression (Type: Base),"A regular expression is overly restrictive, which prevents dangerous values from being detected.
890 When the regular expression is used in protection mechanisms such as filtering or validation, this may allow an attacker to bypass the intended restrictions on the incoming data.",,Unknown,
891 CWE-187,EN-Partial Comparison (Type: Base),"The software performs a comparison that only examines a portion of a factor before determining whether there is a match, such as a substring, leading to resultant weaknesses.
892 For example, an attacker might succeed in authentication by providing a small password that matches the associated portion of the larger, correct password.",,Unknown,
893 CWE-191,EN-Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) (Type: Base),"The product subtracts one value from another, such that the result is less than the minimum allowable integer value, which produces a value that is not equal to the correct result.
894 This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 7: Integer Overflows."" Page 119"
895 CWE-193,EN-Off-by-one Error (Type: Base),"A product calculates or uses an incorrect maximum or minimum value that is 1 more, or 1 less, than the correct value.
896 This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.",,Unknown,"Third Generation Exploits: http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-europe-01/halvar-flake/bh-europe-01-halvarflake.ppt
653897 Off-by-one errors: a brief explanation: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=secprog&m=108379742110553&w=2
654898 The Frame Pointer Overwrite: http://kaizo.org/mirrors/phrack/phrack55/P55-08
655899 Exploiting Software: How to Break Code (The buffer overflow chapter)
656900 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
657901 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Off-by-One Errors"", Page 180."
658 CWE-195,Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error (Type: Variant),"A signed-to-unsigned conversion error takes place when a signed primitive is used as an unsigned value, usually as a size variable.",It is dangerous to rely on implicit casts between signed and unsigned numbers because the result can take on an unexpected value and violate assumptions made by the program.,,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
659 CWE-198,Use of Incorrect Byte Ordering (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not account for byte ordering (e.g. big-endian and little-endian) when processing the input, causing an incorrect number or value to be used.","When a primitive is cast to a smaller primitive, the high order bits of the large value are lost in the conversion, potentially resulting in an unexpected value that is not equal to the original value. This value may be required as an index into a buffer, a loop iterator, or simply necessary state data. In any case, the value cannot be trusted and the system will be in an undefined state. While this method may be employed viably to isolate the low bits of a value, this usage is rare, and truncation usually implies that an implementation error has occurred.",,Unknown,
660 CWE-201,Information Exposure Through Sent Data (Type: Variant),The accidental exposure of sensitive information through sent data refers to the transmission of data which are either sensitive in and of itself or useful in the further exploitation of the system through standard data channels.,"The information either
902 CWE-195,EN-Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error (Type: Variant),"A signed-to-unsigned conversion error takes place when a signed primitive is used as an unsigned value, usually as a size variable.
903 It is dangerous to rely on implicit casts between signed and unsigned numbers because the result can take on an unexpected value and violate assumptions made by the program.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
904 CWE-198,EN-Use of Incorrect Byte Ordering (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not account for byte ordering (e.g. big-endian and little-endian) when processing the input, causing an incorrect number or value to be used.
905 When a primitive is cast to a smaller primitive, the high order bits of the large value are lost in the conversion, potentially resulting in an unexpected value that is not equal to the original value. This value may be required as an index into a buffer, a loop iterator, or simply necessary state data. In any case, the value cannot be trusted and the system will be in an undefined state. While this method may be employed viably to isolate the low bits of a value, this usage is rare, and truncation usually implies that an implementation error has occurred.",,Unknown,
906 CWE-201,EN-Information Exposure Through Sent Data (Type: Variant),"The accidental exposure of sensitive information through sent data refers to the transmission of data which are either sensitive in and of itself or useful in the further exploitation of the system through standard data channels.
907 The information either
661908 is regarded as sensitive within the product's own functionality, such as a private message; or
662909 provides information about the product or its environment that could be useful in an attack but is normally not available to the attacker, such as the installation path of a product that is remotely accessible.
663910 Many information exposures are resultant (e.g. PHP script error revealing the full path of the program), but they can also be primary (e.g. timing discrepancies in cryptography). There are many different types of problems that involve information exposures. Their severity can range widely depending on the type of information that is revealed.",,Unknown,
664 CWE-203,Information Exposure Through Discrepancy (Type: Class),"The product behaves differently or sends different responses in a way that exposes security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.","In situations where data should not be tied to individual users, but a large number of users should be able to make queries that ""scrub"" the identity of users, it may be possible to get information about a user -- e.g., by specifying search terms that are known to be unique to that user.",,Unknown,
665 CWE-204,Response Discrepancy Information Exposure (Type: Base),The software provides different responses to incoming requests in a way that allows an actor to determine system state information that is outside of that actor's control sphere.,"This issue frequently occurs during authentication, where a difference in failed-login messages could allow an attacker to determine if the username is valid or not. These exposures can be inadvertent (bug) or intentional (design).",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191"
666 CWE-205,Information Exposure Through Behavioral Discrepancy (Type: Base),The product's actions indicate important differences based on (1) the internal state of the product or (2) differences from other products in the same class.,"For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
667 CWE-206,Information Exposure of Internal State Through Behavioral Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"Two separate operations in a product cause the product to behave differently in a way that is observable to an attacker and reveals security-relevant information about the internal state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.","For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
668 CWE-207,Information Exposure Through an External Behavioral Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"The product behaves differently than other products like it, in a way that is observable to an attacker and exposes security-relevant information about which product is being used.","For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
669 CWE-208,Information Exposure Through Timing Discrepancy (Type: Base),"Two separate operations in a product require different amounts of time to complete, in a way that is observable to an actor and reveals security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.","For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
670 CWE-210,Information Exposure Through Self-generated Error Message (Type: Base),The software identifies an error condition and creates its own diagnostic or error messages that contain sensitive information.,"The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191
911 CWE-203,EN-Information Exposure Through Discrepancy (Type: Class),"The product behaves differently or sends different responses in a way that exposes security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.
912 In situations where data should not be tied to individual users, but a large number of users should be able to make queries that ""scrub"" the identity of users, it may be possible to get information about a user -- e.g., by specifying search terms that are known to be unique to that user.",,Unknown,
913 CWE-204,EN-Response Discrepancy Information Exposure (Type: Base),"The software provides different responses to incoming requests in a way that allows an actor to determine system state information that is outside of that actor's control sphere.
914 This issue frequently occurs during authentication, where a difference in failed-login messages could allow an attacker to determine if the username is valid or not. These exposures can be inadvertent (bug) or intentional (design).",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191"
915 CWE-205,EN-Information Exposure Through Behavioral Discrepancy (Type: Base),"The product's actions indicate important differences based on (1) the internal state of the product or (2) differences from other products in the same class.
916 For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
917 CWE-206,EN-Information Exposure of Internal State Through Behavioral Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"Two separate operations in a product cause the product to behave differently in a way that is observable to an attacker and reveals security-relevant information about the internal state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.
918 For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
919 CWE-207,EN-Information Exposure Through an External Behavioral Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"The product behaves differently than other products like it, in a way that is observable to an attacker and exposes security-relevant information about which product is being used.
920 For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
921 CWE-208,EN-Information Exposure Through Timing Discrepancy (Type: Base),"Two separate operations in a product require different amounts of time to complete, in a way that is observable to an actor and reveals security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.
922 For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
923 CWE-210,EN-Information Exposure Through Self-generated Error Message (Type: Base),"The software identifies an error condition and creates its own diagnostic or error messages that contain sensitive information.
924 The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191
671925 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Overly Verbose Error Messages"", Page 75."
672 CWE-211,Information Exposure Through Externally-generated Error Message (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation that triggers an external diagnostic or error message that is not directly generated by the software, such as an error generated by the programming language interpreter that the software uses. The error can contain sensitive system information.","The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,Unknown,
673 CWE-212,Improper Cross-boundary Removal of Sensitive Data (Type: Base),"The software uses a resource that contains sensitive data, but it does not properly remove that data before it stores, transfers, or shares the resource with actors in another control sphere.","Resources that may contain sensitive data include documents, packets, messages, databases, etc. While this data may be useful to an individual user or small set of users who share the resource, it may need to be removed before the resource can be shared outside of the trusted group. The process of removal is sometimes called cleansing or scrubbing.
926 CWE-211,EN-Information Exposure Through Externally-generated Error Message (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation that triggers an external diagnostic or error message that is not directly generated by the software, such as an error generated by the programming language interpreter that the software uses. The error can contain sensitive system information.
927 The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,Unknown,
928 CWE-212,EN-Improper Cross-boundary Removal of Sensitive Data (Type: Base),"The software uses a resource that contains sensitive data, but it does not properly remove that data before it stores, transfers, or shares the resource with actors in another control sphere.
929 Resources that may contain sensitive data include documents, packets, messages, databases, etc. While this data may be useful to an individual user or small set of users who share the resource, it may need to be removed before the resource can be shared outside of the trusted group. The process of removal is sometimes called cleansing or scrubbing.
674930 For example, software that is used for editing documents might not remove sensitive data such as reviewer comments or the local pathname where the document is stored. Or, a proxy might not remove an internal IP address from headers before making an outgoing request to an Internet site.",,Unknown,
675 CWE-213,Intentional Information Exposure (Type: Base),A product's design or configuration explicitly requires the publication of information that could be regarded as sensitive by an administrator.,"Resources that may contain sensitive data include documents, packets, messages, databases, etc. While this data may be useful to an individual user or small set of users who share the resource, it may need to be removed before the resource can be shared outside of the trusted group. The process of removal is sometimes called cleansing or scrubbing.
931 CWE-213,EN-Intentional Information Exposure (Type: Base),"A product's design or configuration explicitly requires the publication of information that could be regarded as sensitive by an administrator.
932 Resources that may contain sensitive data include documents, packets, messages, databases, etc. While this data may be useful to an individual user or small set of users who share the resource, it may need to be removed before the resource can be shared outside of the trusted group. The process of removal is sometimes called cleansing or scrubbing.
676933 For example, software that is used for editing documents might not remove sensitive data such as reviewer comments or the local pathname where the document is stored. Or, a proxy might not remove an internal IP address from headers before making an outgoing request to an Internet site.",,Unknown,
677 CWE-214,Information Exposure Through Process Environment (Type: Variant),"A process is invoked with sensitive arguments, environment variables, or other elements that can be seen by other processes on the operating system.","Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
678 CWE-215,Information Exposure Through Debug Information (Type: Variant),The application contains debugging code that can expose sensitive information to untrusted parties.,"Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
679 CWE-216,Containment Errors (Container Errors) (Type: Class),"This tries to cover various problems in which improper data are included within a ""container.""","Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
680 CWE-217,DEPRECATED: Failure to Protect Stored Data from Modification (Type: Base),This weakness has been deprecated because it incorporated and confused multiple weaknesses. The issues formerly covered in this weakness can be found at CWE-766 and CWE-767.,"Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
681 CWE-218,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Failure to provide confidentiality for stored data (Type: Base),This weakness has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-493. All content has been transferred to CWE-493.,"Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
682 CWE-219,Sensitive Data Under Web Root (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data under the web document root with insufficient access control, which might make it accessible to untrusted parties.","Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
683 CWE-220,Sensitive Data Under FTP Root (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data under the FTP document root with insufficient access control, which might make it accessible to untrusted parties.","Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as "".."" and ""/"" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the ""../"" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as ""/usr/local/bin"", which may also be useful in accessing unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
934 CWE-214,EN-Information Exposure Through Process Environment (Type: Variant),"A process is invoked with sensitive arguments, environment variables, or other elements that can be seen by other processes on the operating system.
935 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
936 CWE-215,EN-Information Exposure Through Debug Information (Type: Variant),"The application contains debugging code that can expose sensitive information to untrusted parties.
937 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
938 CWE-216,EN-Containment Errors (Container Errors) (Type: Class),"This tries to cover various problems in which improper data are included within a ""container.""
939 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
940 CWE-217,EN-DEPRECATED: Failure to Protect Stored Data from Modification (Type: Base),"This weakness has been deprecated because it incorporated and confused multiple weaknesses. The issues formerly covered in this weakness can be found at CWE-766 and CWE-767.
941 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
942 CWE-218,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Failure to provide confidentiality for stored data (Type: Base),"This weakness has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-493. All content has been transferred to CWE-493.
943 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
944 CWE-219,EN-Sensitive Data Under Web Root (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data under the web document root with insufficient access control, which might make it accessible to untrusted parties.
945 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
946 CWE-220,EN-Sensitive Data Under FTP Root (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data under the FTP document root with insufficient access control, which might make it accessible to untrusted parties.
947 Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as "".."" and ""/"" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the ""../"" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as ""/usr/local/bin"", which may also be useful in accessing unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
684948 In many programming languages, the injection of a null byte (the 0 or NUL) may allow an attacker to truncate a generated filename to widen the scope of attack. For example, the software may add "".txt"" to any pathname, thus limiting the attacker to text files, but a null injection may effectively remove this restriction.",,Unknown,
685 CWE-221,Information Loss or Omission (Type: Class),"The software does not record, or improperly records, security-relevant information that leads to an incorrect decision or hampers later analysis.","This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
686 CWE-222,Truncation of Security-relevant Information (Type: Base),"The application truncates the display, recording, or processing of security-relevant information in a way that can obscure the source or nature of an attack.","This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
687 CWE-223,Omission of Security-relevant Information (Type: Base),"The application does not record or display information that would be important for identifying the source or nature of an attack, or determining if an action is safe.","This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Accountability"", Page 40."
688 CWE-224,Obscured Security-relevant Information by Alternate Name (Type: Base),"The software records security-relevant information according to an alternate name of the affected entity, instead of the canonical name.","This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,Writing Secure Code
689 CWE-225,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): General Information Management Problems (Type: Base),This weakness can be found at CWE-199.,"This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
690 CWE-226,Sensitive Information Uncleared Before Release (Type: Base),"The software does not fully clear previously used information in a data structure, file, or other resource, before making that resource available to a party in another control sphere.","This typically results from new data that is not as long as the old data, which leaves portions of the old data still available. Equivalent errors can occur in other situations where the length of data is variable but the associated data structure is not. If memory is not cleared after use, it may allow unintended actors to read the data when the memory is reallocated.",,Unknown,
691 CWE-227,Improper Fulfillment of API Contract (API Abuse) (Type: Class),The software uses an API in a manner contrary to its intended use.,"An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
692 CWE-228,Improper Handling of Syntactically Invalid Structure (Type: Class),The product does not handle or incorrectly handles input that is not syntactically well-formed with respect to the associated specification.,"An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
693 CWE-229,Improper Handling of Values (Type: Base),"The software does not properly handle when the expected number of values for parameters, fields, or arguments is not provided in input, or if those values are undefined.","An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
694 CWE-23,Relative Path Traversal (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize sequences such as "".."" that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,"OWASP Attack listing: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Relative_Path_Traversal
949 CWE-221,EN-Information Loss or Omission (Type: Class),"The software does not record, or improperly records, security-relevant information that leads to an incorrect decision or hampers later analysis.
950 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
951 CWE-222,EN-Truncation of Security-relevant Information (Type: Base),"The application truncates the display, recording, or processing of security-relevant information in a way that can obscure the source or nature of an attack.
952 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
953 CWE-223,EN-Omission of Security-relevant Information (Type: Base),"The application does not record or display information that would be important for identifying the source or nature of an attack, or determining if an action is safe.
954 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Accountability"", Page 40."
955 CWE-224,EN-Obscured Security-relevant Information by Alternate Name (Type: Base),"The software records security-relevant information according to an alternate name of the affected entity, instead of the canonical name.
956 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,Writing Secure Code
957 CWE-225,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): General Information Management Problems (Type: Base),"This weakness can be found at CWE-199.
958 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
959 CWE-226,EN-Sensitive Information Uncleared Before Release (Type: Base),"The software does not fully clear previously used information in a data structure, file, or other resource, before making that resource available to a party in another control sphere.
960 This typically results from new data that is not as long as the old data, which leaves portions of the old data still available. Equivalent errors can occur in other situations where the length of data is variable but the associated data structure is not. If memory is not cleared after use, it may allow unintended actors to read the data when the memory is reallocated.",,Unknown,
961 CWE-227,EN-Improper Fulfillment of API Contract (API Abuse) (Type: Class),"The software uses an API in a manner contrary to its intended use.
962 An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
963 CWE-228,EN-Improper Handling of Syntactically Invalid Structure (Type: Class),"The product does not handle or incorrectly handles input that is not syntactically well-formed with respect to the associated specification.
964 An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
965 CWE-229,EN-Improper Handling of Values (Type: Base),"The software does not properly handle when the expected number of values for parameters, fields, or arguments is not provided in input, or if those values are undefined.
966 An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
967 CWE-23,EN-Relative Path Traversal (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize sequences such as "".."" that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
968 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,"OWASP Attack listing: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Relative_Path_Traversal
695969 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Filenames and Paths"", Page 503."
696 CWE-230,Improper Handling of Missing Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a parameter, field, or argument name is specified, but the associated value is missing, i.e. it is empty, blank, or null.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
697 CWE-231,Improper Handling of Extra Values (Type: Variant),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when more values are provided than expected.,This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
698 CWE-232,Improper Handling of Undefined Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a value is not defined or supported for the associated parameter, field, or argument name.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
699 CWE-233,Improper Handling of Parameters (Type: Base),"The software does not properly handle when the expected number of parameters, fields, or arguments is not provided in input, or if those parameters are undefined.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
700 CWE-235,Improper Handling of Extra Parameters (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when the number of parameters, fields, or arguments with the same name exceeds the expected amount.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
701 CWE-236,Improper Handling of Undefined Parameters (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular parameter, field, or argument name is not defined or supported by the product.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
702 CWE-237,Improper Handling of Structural Elements (Type: Base),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles inputs that are related to complex structures.,This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
703 CWE-238,Improper Handling of Incomplete Structural Elements (Type: Variant),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular structural element is not completely specified.,This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
704 CWE-239,Failure to Handle Incomplete Element (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when a particular element is not completely specified.,This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
705 CWE-24,Path Traversal: ../filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
970 CWE-230,EN-Improper Handling of Missing Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a parameter, field, or argument name is specified, but the associated value is missing, i.e. it is empty, blank, or null.
971 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
972 CWE-231,EN-Improper Handling of Extra Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when more values are provided than expected.
973 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
974 CWE-232,EN-Improper Handling of Undefined Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a value is not defined or supported for the associated parameter, field, or argument name.
975 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
976 CWE-233,EN-Improper Handling of Parameters (Type: Base),"The software does not properly handle when the expected number of parameters, fields, or arguments is not provided in input, or if those parameters are undefined.
977 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
978 CWE-235,EN-Improper Handling of Extra Parameters (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when the number of parameters, fields, or arguments with the same name exceeds the expected amount.
979 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
980 CWE-236,EN-Improper Handling of Undefined Parameters (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular parameter, field, or argument name is not defined or supported by the product.
981 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
982 CWE-237,EN-Improper Handling of Structural Elements (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles inputs that are related to complex structures.
983 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
984 CWE-238,EN-Improper Handling of Incomplete Structural Elements (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular structural element is not completely specified.
985 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
986 CWE-239,EN-Failure to Handle Incomplete Element (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when a particular element is not completely specified.
987 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
988 CWE-24,EN-Path Traversal: ../filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
989 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
706990 The ""../"" manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""/"" as directory separators, such as UNIX- and Linux-based systems. In some cases, it is useful for bypassing protection schemes in environments for which ""/"" is supported but not the primary separator, such as Windows, which uses ""\"" but can also accept ""/"".",,Unknown,
707 CWE-240,Improper Handling of Inconsistent Structural Elements (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when two or more structural elements should be consistent, but are not.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
991 CWE-240,EN-Improper Handling of Inconsistent Structural Elements (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when two or more structural elements should be consistent, but are not.
992 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
708993 The ""../"" manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""/"" as directory separators, such as UNIX- and Linux-based systems. In some cases, it is useful for bypassing protection schemes in environments for which ""/"" is supported but not the primary separator, such as Windows, which uses ""\"" but can also accept ""/"".",,Unknown,
709 CWE-241,Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular element is not the expected type, e.g. it expects a digit (0-9) but is provided with a letter (A-Z).","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
994 CWE-241,EN-Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular element is not the expected type, e.g. it expects a digit (0-9) but is provided with a letter (A-Z).
995 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
710996 The ""../"" manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""/"" as directory separators, such as UNIX- and Linux-based systems. In some cases, it is useful for bypassing protection schemes in environments for which ""/"" is supported but not the primary separator, such as Windows, which uses ""\"" but can also accept ""/"".",,Unknown,
711 CWE-244,Improper Clearing of Heap Memory Before Release (Heap Inspection) (Type: Variant),"Using realloc() to resize buffers that store sensitive information can leave the sensitive information exposed to attack, because it is not removed from memory.","When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
712 CWE-245,J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Management of Connections (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application directly manages connections, instead of using the container's connection management facilities.","When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
713 CWE-246,J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Use of Sockets (Type: Variant),The J2EE application directly uses sockets instead of using framework method calls.,"When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
714 CWE-247,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Reliance on DNS Lookups in a Security Decision (Type: Base),This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-350. All content has been transferred to CWE-350.,"When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
715 CWE-248,Uncaught Exception (Type: Base),"An exception is thrown from a function, but it is not caught.","When an exception is not caught, it may cause the program to crash or expose sensitive information.",,Unknown,
716 CWE-249,DEPRECATED: Often Misused: Path Manipulation (Type: Variant),This entry has been deprecated because of name confusion and an accidental combination of multiple weaknesses. Most of its content has been transferred to CWE-785.,"When an exception is not caught, it may cause the program to crash or expose sensitive information.",,Unknown,
717 CWE-25,Path Traversal: /../filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""/../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
997 CWE-244,EN-Improper Clearing of Heap Memory Before Release (Heap Inspection) (Type: Variant),"Using realloc() to resize buffers that store sensitive information can leave the sensitive information exposed to attack, because it is not removed from memory.
998 When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
999 CWE-245,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Management of Connections (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application directly manages connections, instead of using the container's connection management facilities.
1000 When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
1001 CWE-246,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Use of Sockets (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application directly uses sockets instead of using framework method calls.
1002 When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
1003 CWE-247,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Reliance on DNS Lookups in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-350. All content has been transferred to CWE-350.
1004 When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
1005 CWE-248,EN-Uncaught Exception (Type: Base),"An exception is thrown from a function, but it is not caught.
1006 When an exception is not caught, it may cause the program to crash or expose sensitive information.",,Unknown,
1007 CWE-249,EN-DEPRECATED: Often Misused: Path Manipulation (Type: Variant),"This entry has been deprecated because of name confusion and an accidental combination of multiple weaknesses. Most of its content has been transferred to CWE-785.
1008 When an exception is not caught, it may cause the program to crash or expose sensitive information.",,Unknown,
1009 CWE-25,EN-Path Traversal: /../filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""/../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1010 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7181011 Sometimes a program checks for ""../"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""/../"" can bypass that check.",,Unknown,
719 CWE-26,Path Traversal: /dir/../filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""/dir/../filename"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1012 CWE-26,EN-Path Traversal: /dir/../filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""/dir/../filename"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1013 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7201014 The '/dir/../filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only checks for ""../"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""/../"" can bypass that check.",,Unknown,
721 CWE-260,Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),The software stores a password in a configuration file that might be accessible to actors who do not know the password.,"This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Unknown,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
722 CWE-261,Weak Cryptography for Passwords (Type: Variant),Obscuring a password with a trivial encoding does not protect the password.,"This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Unknown,"Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1015 CWE-260,EN-Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),"The software stores a password in a configuration file that might be accessible to actors who do not know the password.
1016 This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Unknown,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1017 CWE-261,EN-Weak Cryptography for Passwords (Type: Variant),"Obscuring a password with a trivial encoding does not protect the password.
1018 This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Unknown,"Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
7231019 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
724 CWE-266,Incorrect Privilege Assignment (Type: Base),"A product incorrectly assigns a privilege to a particular actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.","Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Unknown,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
725 CWE-267,Privilege Defined With Unsafe Actions (Type: Base),"A particular privilege, role, capability, or right can be used to perform unsafe actions that were not intended, even when it is assigned to the correct entity.","Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Unknown,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
726 CWE-27,Path Traversal: dir/../../filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize multiple internal ""../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1020 CWE-266,EN-Incorrect Privilege Assignment (Type: Base),"A product incorrectly assigns a privilege to a particular actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.
1021 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Unknown,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
1022 CWE-267,EN-Privilege Defined With Unsafe Actions (Type: Base),"A particular privilege, role, capability, or right can be used to perform unsafe actions that were not intended, even when it is assigned to the correct entity.
1023 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Unknown,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
1024 CWE-27,EN-Path Traversal: dir/../../filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize multiple internal ""../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1025 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7271026 The 'directory/../../filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only removes one ""../"" sequence, so multiple ""../"" can bypass that check. Alternately, this manipulation could be used to bypass a check for ""../"" at the beginning of the pathname, moving up more than one directory level.",,Unknown,
728 CWE-270,Privilege Context Switching Error (Type: Base),The software does not properly manage privileges while it is switching between different contexts that have different privileges or spheres of control.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1027 CWE-270,EN-Privilege Context Switching Error (Type: Base),"The software does not properly manage privileges while it is switching between different contexts that have different privileges or spheres of control.
1028 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7291029 The 'directory/../../filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only removes one ""../"" sequence, so multiple ""../"" can bypass that check. Alternately, this manipulation could be used to bypass a check for ""../"" at the beginning of the pathname, moving up more than one directory level.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 7, ""Running with Least Privilege"" Page 207
7301030 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
731 CWE-272,Least Privilege Violation (Type: Base),The elevated privilege level required to perform operations such as chroot() should be dropped immediately after the operation is performed.,"In some contexts, a system executing with elevated permissions will hand off a process/file/etc. to another process or user. If the privileges of an entity are not reduced, then elevated privileges are spread throughout a system and possibly to an attacker.",,Unknown,
732 CWE-274,Improper Handling of Insufficient Privileges (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when it has insufficient privileges to perform an operation, leading to resultant weaknesses.","If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
733 CWE-277,Insecure Inherited Permissions (Type: Variant),A product defines a set of insecure permissions that are inherited by objects that are created by the program.,"If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
734 CWE-278,Insecure Preserved Inherited Permissions (Type: Variant),"A product inherits a set of insecure permissions for an object, e.g. when copying from an archive file, without user awareness or involvement.","If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
735 CWE-279,Incorrect Execution-Assigned Permissions (Type: Variant),"While it is executing, the software sets the permissions of an object in a way that violates the intended permissions that have been specified by the user.","If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
736 CWE-28,Path Traversal: ..\filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""..\"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1031 CWE-272,EN-Least Privilege Violation (Type: Base),"The elevated privilege level required to perform operations such as chroot() should be dropped immediately after the operation is performed.
1032 In some contexts, a system executing with elevated permissions will hand off a process/file/etc. to another process or user. If the privileges of an entity are not reduced, then elevated privileges are spread throughout a system and possibly to an attacker.",,Unknown,
1033 CWE-274,EN-Improper Handling of Insufficient Privileges (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when it has insufficient privileges to perform an operation, leading to resultant weaknesses.
1034 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
1035 CWE-277,EN-Insecure Inherited Permissions (Type: Variant),"A product defines a set of insecure permissions that are inherited by objects that are created by the program.
1036 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
1037 CWE-278,EN-Insecure Preserved Inherited Permissions (Type: Variant),"A product inherits a set of insecure permissions for an object, e.g. when copying from an archive file, without user awareness or involvement.
1038 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
1039 CWE-279,EN-Incorrect Execution-Assigned Permissions (Type: Variant),"While it is executing, the software sets the permissions of an object in a way that violates the intended permissions that have been specified by the user.
1040 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
1041 CWE-28,EN-Path Traversal: ..\filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""..\"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1042 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7371043 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
738 CWE-280,Improper Handling of Insufficient Permissions or Privileges (Type: Base),The application does not handle or incorrectly handles when it has insufficient privileges to access resources or functionality as specified by their permissions. This may cause it to follow unexpected code paths that may leave the application in an invalid state.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1044 CWE-280,EN-Improper Handling of Insufficient Permissions or Privileges (Type: Base),"The application does not handle or incorrectly handles when it has insufficient privileges to access resources or functionality as specified by their permissions. This may cause it to follow unexpected code paths that may leave the application in an invalid state.
1045 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7391046 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
740 CWE-281,Improper Preservation of Permissions (Type: Base),"The software does not preserve permissions or incorrectly preserves permissions when copying, restoring, or sharing objects, which can cause them to have less restrictive permissions than intended.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1047 CWE-281,EN-Improper Preservation of Permissions (Type: Base),"The software does not preserve permissions or incorrectly preserves permissions when copying, restoring, or sharing objects, which can cause them to have less restrictive permissions than intended.
1048 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7411049 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
742 CWE-282,Improper Ownership Management (Type: Class),"The software assigns the wrong ownership, or does not properly verify the ownership, of an object or resource.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1050 CWE-282,EN-Improper Ownership Management (Type: Class),"The software assigns the wrong ownership, or does not properly verify the ownership, of an object or resource.
1051 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7431052 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
744 CWE-283,Unverified Ownership (Type: Base),The software does not properly verify that a critical resource is owned by the proper entity.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1053 CWE-283,EN-Unverified Ownership (Type: Base),"The software does not properly verify that a critical resource is owned by the proper entity.
1054 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7451055 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
746 CWE-284,Improper Access Control (Type: Class),The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.,"Access control involves the use of several protection mechanisms such as authentication (proving the identity of an actor) authorization (ensuring that a given actor can access a resource), and accountability (tracking of activities that were performed). When any mechanism is not applied or otherwise fails, attackers can compromise the security of the software by gaining privileges, reading sensitive information, executing commands, evading detection, etc.
1056 CWE-284,EN-Improper Access Control (Type: Class),"The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
1057 Access control involves the use of several protection mechanisms such as authentication (proving the identity of an actor) authorization (ensuring that a given actor can access a resource), and accountability (tracking of activities that were performed). When any mechanism is not applied or otherwise fails, attackers can compromise the security of the software by gaining privileges, reading sensitive information, executing commands, evading detection, etc.
7471058 There are two distinct behaviors that can introduce access control weaknesses:
7481059 Specification: incorrect privileges, permissions, ownership, etc. are explicitly specified for either the user or the resource (for example, setting a password file to be world-writable, or giving administrator capabilities to a guest user). This action could be performed by the program or the administrator.
7491060 Enforcement: the mechanism contains errors that prevent it from properly enforcing the specified access control requirements (e.g., allowing the user to specify their own privileges, or allowing a syntactically-incorrect ACL to produce insecure settings). This problem occurs within the program itself, in that it does not actually enforce the intended security policy that the administrator specifies.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 6, ""Determining Appropriate Access Control"" Page 171
7501061 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 17: Failure to Protect Stored Data."" Page 253"
751 CWE-286,Incorrect User Management (Type: Class),The software does not properly manage a user within its environment.,Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.,,Unknown,
752 CWE-288,Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel (Type: Base),"A product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication.",Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.,,Unknown,
753 CWE-289,Authentication Bypass by Alternate Name (Type: Variant),"The software performs authentication based on the name of a resource being accessed, or the name of the actor performing the access, but it does not properly check all possible names for that resource or actor.",Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.,,Unknown,
754 CWE-29,Path Traversal: \..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '\..\filename' (leading backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1062 CWE-286,EN-Incorrect User Management (Type: Class),"The software does not properly manage a user within its environment.
1063 Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.",,Unknown,
1064 CWE-288,EN-Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel (Type: Base),"A product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication.
1065 Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.",,Unknown,
1066 CWE-289,EN-Authentication Bypass by Alternate Name (Type: Variant),"The software performs authentication based on the name of a resource being accessed, or the name of the actor performing the access, but it does not properly check all possible names for that resource or actor.
1067 Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.",,Unknown,
1068 CWE-29,EN-Path Traversal: \..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '\..\filename' (leading backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1069 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7551070 This is similar to CWE-25, except using ""\"" instead of ""/"". Sometimes a program checks for ""..\"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""\..\"" can bypass that check. It is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
756 CWE-290,Authentication Bypass by Spoofing (Type: Base),This attack-focused weakness is caused by improperly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1071 CWE-290,EN-Authentication Bypass by Spoofing (Type: Base),"This attack-focused weakness is caused by improperly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.
1072 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7571073 This is similar to CWE-25, except using ""\"" instead of ""/"". Sometimes a program checks for ""..\"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""\..\"" can bypass that check. It is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Spoofing and Identification"", Page 72."
758 CWE-295,Improper Certificate Validation (Type: Base),"The software does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.","When a certificate is invalid or malicious, it might allow an attacker to spoof a trusted entity by using a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. The software might connect to a malicious host while believing it is a trusted host, or the software might be deceived into accepting spoofed data that appears to originate from a trusted host.",,Unknown,"Why Eve and Mallory Love Android: An Analysis of Android SSL (In)Security: http://www2.dcsec.uni-hannover.de/files/android/p50-fahl.pdf
1074 CWE-295,EN-Improper Certificate Validation (Type: Base),"The software does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.
1075 When a certificate is invalid or malicious, it might allow an attacker to spoof a trusted entity by using a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. The software might connect to a malicious host while believing it is a trusted host, or the software might be deceived into accepting spoofed data that appears to originate from a trusted host.",,Unknown,"Why Eve and Mallory Love Android: An Analysis of Android SSL (In)Security: http://www2.dcsec.uni-hannover.de/files/android/p50-fahl.pdf
7591076 Computer Security: Art and Science"
760 CWE-30,Path Traversal: \dir\..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '\dir\..\filename' (leading backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1077 CWE-30,EN-Path Traversal: \dir\..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '\dir\..\filename' (leading backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1078 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7611079 This is similar to CWE-26, except using ""\"" instead of ""/"". The '\dir\..\filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only checks for ""..\"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""\..\"" can bypass that check.",,Unknown,
762 CWE-300,Channel Accessible by Non-Endpoint (Man-in-the-Middle) (Type: Class),"The product does not adequately verify the identity of actors at both ends of a communication channel, or does not adequately ensure the integrity of the channel, in a way that allows the channel to be accessed or influenced by an actor that is not an endpoint.","In order to establish secure communication between two parties, it is often important to adequately verify the identity of entities at each end of the communication channel. Inadequate or inconsistent verification may result in insufficient or incorrect identification of either communicating entity. This can have negative consequences such as misplaced trust in the entity at the other end of the channel. An attacker can leverage this by interposing between the communicating entities and masquerading as the original entity. In the absence of sufficient verification of identity, such an attacker can eavesdrop and potentially modify the communication between the original entities.",,Unknown,Computer Security: Art and Science
763 CWE-302,Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data (Type: Variant),"The authentication scheme or implementation uses key data elements that are assumed to be immutable, but can be controlled or modified by the attacker.","A mutual authentication protocol requires each party to respond to a random challenge by the other party by encrypting it with a pre-shared key. Often, however, such protocols employ the same pre-shared key for communication with a number of different entities. A malicious user or an attacker can easily compromise this protocol without possessing the correct key by employing a reflection attack on the protocol.",,Unknown,
764 CWE-303,Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm (Type: Base),"The requirements for the software dictate the use of an established authentication algorithm, but the implementation of the algorithm is incorrect.",This incorrect implementation may allow authentication to be bypassed.,,Unknown,
765 CWE-304,Missing Critical Step in Authentication (Type: Base),"The software implements an authentication technique, but it skips a step that weakens the technique.","Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,
766 CWE-305,Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness (Type: Base),"The authentication algorithm is sound, but the implemented mechanism can be bypassed as the result of a separate weakness that is primary to the authentication error.","Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,
767 CWE-307,Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts (Type: Base),"The software does not implement sufficient measures to prevent multiple failed authentication attempts within in a short time frame, making it more susceptible to brute force attacks.","Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,"Weak Password Brings 'Happiness' to Twitter Hacker: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/01/professed-twitt/
1080 CWE-300,EN-Channel Accessible by Non-Endpoint (Man-in-the-Middle) (Type: Class),"The product does not adequately verify the identity of actors at both ends of a communication channel, or does not adequately ensure the integrity of the channel, in a way that allows the channel to be accessed or influenced by an actor that is not an endpoint.
1081 In order to establish secure communication between two parties, it is often important to adequately verify the identity of entities at each end of the communication channel. Inadequate or inconsistent verification may result in insufficient or incorrect identification of either communicating entity. This can have negative consequences such as misplaced trust in the entity at the other end of the channel. An attacker can leverage this by interposing between the communicating entities and masquerading as the original entity. In the absence of sufficient verification of identity, such an attacker can eavesdrop and potentially modify the communication between the original entities.",,Unknown,Computer Security: Art and Science
1082 CWE-302,EN-Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data (Type: Variant),"The authentication scheme or implementation uses key data elements that are assumed to be immutable, but can be controlled or modified by the attacker.
1083 A mutual authentication protocol requires each party to respond to a random challenge by the other party by encrypting it with a pre-shared key. Often, however, such protocols employ the same pre-shared key for communication with a number of different entities. A malicious user or an attacker can easily compromise this protocol without possessing the correct key by employing a reflection attack on the protocol.",,Unknown,
1084 CWE-303,EN-Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm (Type: Base),"The requirements for the software dictate the use of an established authentication algorithm, but the implementation of the algorithm is incorrect.
1085 This incorrect implementation may allow authentication to be bypassed.",,Unknown,
1086 CWE-304,EN-Missing Critical Step in Authentication (Type: Base),"The software implements an authentication technique, but it skips a step that weakens the technique.
1087 Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,
1088 CWE-305,EN-Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness (Type: Base),"The authentication algorithm is sound, but the implemented mechanism can be bypassed as the result of a separate weakness that is primary to the authentication error.
1089 Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,
1090 CWE-307,EN-Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts (Type: Base),"The software does not implement sufficient measures to prevent multiple failed authentication attempts within in a short time frame, making it more susceptible to brute force attacks.
1091 Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,"Weak Password Brings 'Happiness' to Twitter Hacker: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/01/professed-twitt/
7681092 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
769 CWE-31,Path Traversal: dir\..\..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize 'dir\..\..\filename' (multiple internal backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1093 CWE-31,EN-Path Traversal: dir\..\..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize 'dir\..\..\filename' (multiple internal backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1094 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7701095 The 'dir\..\..\filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only removes one ""..\"" sequence, so multiple ""..\"" can bypass that check. Alternately, this manipulation could be used to bypass a check for ""..\"" at the beginning of the pathname, moving up more than one directory level.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
771 CWE-312,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information (Type: Base),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext within a resource that might be accessible to another control sphere.,"Because the information is stored in cleartext, attackers could potentially read it. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
1096 CWE-312,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information (Type: Base),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext within a resource that might be accessible to another control sphere.
1097 Because the information is stored in cleartext, attackers could potentially read it. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
7721098 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Encryption"", Page 43.
7731099 Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/"
774 CWE-313,Cleartext Storage in a File or on Disk (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in a file, or on disk.","The sensitive information could be read by attackers with access to the file, or with physical or administrator access to the raw disk. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
775 CWE-314,Cleartext Storage in the Registry (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in the registry.,"Attackers can read the information by accessing the registry key. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
776 CWE-315,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in a Cookie (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in a cookie.,"Attackers can use widely-available tools to view the cookie and read the sensitive information. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
777 CWE-316,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in Memory (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in memory.,"The sensitive memory might be saved to disk, stored in a core dump, or remain uncleared if the application crashes, or if the programmer does not properly clear the memory before freeing it.
1100 CWE-313,EN-Cleartext Storage in a File or on Disk (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in a file, or on disk.
1101 The sensitive information could be read by attackers with access to the file, or with physical or administrator access to the raw disk. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1102 CWE-314,EN-Cleartext Storage in the Registry (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in the registry.
1103 Attackers can read the information by accessing the registry key. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1104 CWE-315,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in a Cookie (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in a cookie.
1105 Attackers can use widely-available tools to view the cookie and read the sensitive information. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1106 CWE-316,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in Memory (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in memory.
1107 The sensitive memory might be saved to disk, stored in a core dump, or remain uncleared if the application crashes, or if the programmer does not properly clear the memory before freeing it.
7781108 It could be argued that such problems are usually only exploitable by those with administrator privileges. However, swapping could cause the memory to be written to disk and leave it accessible to physical attack afterwards. Core dump files might have insecure permissions or be stored in archive files that are accessible to untrusted people. Or, uncleared sensitive memory might be inadvertently exposed to attackers due to another weakness.",,Unknown,
779 CWE-317,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in GUI (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext within the GUI.,"An attacker can often obtain data from a GUI, even if hidden, by using an API to directly access GUI objects such as windows and menus. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
780 CWE-318,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in Executable (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in an executable.,"Attackers can reverse engineer binary code to obtain secret data. This is especially easy when the cleartext is plain ASCII. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
781 CWE-32,Path Traversal: ... (Triple Dot) (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '...' (triple dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1109 CWE-317,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in GUI (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext within the GUI.
1110 An attacker can often obtain data from a GUI, even if hidden, by using an API to directly access GUI objects such as windows and menus. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1111 CWE-318,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in Executable (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in an executable.
1112 Attackers can reverse engineer binary code to obtain secret data. This is especially easy when the cleartext is plain ASCII. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1113 CWE-32,EN-Path Traversal: ... (Triple Dot) (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '...' (triple dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1114 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7821115 The '...' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. On some Windows systems, it is equivalent to ""..\.."" and might bypass checks that assume only two dots are valid. Incomplete filtering, such as removal of ""./"" sequences, can ultimately produce valid "".."" sequences due to a collapse into unsafe value (CWE-182).",,Unknown,
783 CWE-325,Missing Required Cryptographic Step (Type: Base),"The software does not implement a required step in a cryptographic algorithm, resulting in weaker encryption than advertised by that algorithm.","Cryptographic implementations should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise encryption can be weaker than expected.",,Unknown,
784 CWE-326,Inadequate Encryption Strength (Type: Class),"The software stores or transmits sensitive data using an encryption scheme that is theoretically sound, but is not strong enough for the level of protection required.",A weak encryption scheme can be subjected to brute force attacks that have a reasonable chance of succeeding using current attack methods and resources.,,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 8, ""Cryptographic Foibles"" Page 259
1116 CWE-325,EN-Missing Required Cryptographic Step (Type: Base),"The software does not implement a required step in a cryptographic algorithm, resulting in weaker encryption than advertised by that algorithm.
1117 Cryptographic implementations should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise encryption can be weaker than expected.",,Unknown,
1118 CWE-326,EN-Inadequate Encryption Strength (Type: Class),"The software stores or transmits sensitive data using an encryption scheme that is theoretically sound, but is not strong enough for the level of protection required.
1119 A weak encryption scheme can be subjected to brute force attacks that have a reasonable chance of succeeding using current attack methods and resources.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 8, ""Cryptographic Foibles"" Page 259
7851120 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 21: Using the Wrong Cryptography."" Page 315"
786 CWE-328,Reversible One-Way Hash (Type: Base),"The product uses a hashing algorithm that produces a hash value that can be used to determine the original input, or to find an input that can produce the same hash, more efficiently than brute force techniques.","This weakness is especially dangerous when the hash is used in security algorithms that require the one-way property to hold. For example, if an authentication system takes an incoming password and generates a hash, then compares the hash to another hash that it has stored in its authentication database, then the ability to create a collision could allow an attacker to provide an alternate password that produces the same target hash, bypassing authentication.",,Unknown,"MD5 considered harmful today: http://www.phreedom.org/research/rogue-ca/
1121 CWE-328,EN-Reversible One-Way Hash (Type: Base),"The product uses a hashing algorithm that produces a hash value that can be used to determine the original input, or to find an input that can produce the same hash, more efficiently than brute force techniques.
1122 This weakness is especially dangerous when the hash is used in security algorithms that require the one-way property to hold. For example, if an authentication system takes an incoming password and generates a hash, then compares the hash to another hash that it has stored in its authentication database, then the ability to create a collision could allow an attacker to provide an alternate password that produces the same target hash, bypassing authentication.",,Unknown,"MD5 considered harmful today: http://www.phreedom.org/research/rogue-ca/
7871123 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Integrity"", Page 47.
7881124 RFC2898 - PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2898
7891125 How To Safely Store A Password: http://codahale.com/how-to-safely-store-a-password/
7921128 Password security: past, present, future: http://www.openwall.com/presentations/PHDays2012-Password-Security/
7931129 Our password hashing has no clothes: http://www.troyhunt.com/2012/06/our-password-hashing-has-no-clothes.html
7941130 Should we really use bcrypt/scrypt?: http://www.analyticalengine.net/2012/06/should-we-really-use-bcryptscrypt/"
795 CWE-33,Path Traversal: .... (Multiple Dot) (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '....' (multiple dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1131 CWE-33,EN-Path Traversal: .... (Multiple Dot) (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '....' (multiple dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1132 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7961133 The '....' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. On some Windows systems, it is equivalent to ""..\..\.."" and might bypass checks that assume only two dots are valid. Incomplete filtering, such as removal of ""./"" sequences, can ultimately produce valid "".."" sequences due to a collapse into unsafe value (CWE-182).",,Unknown,
797 CWE-331,Insufficient Entropy (Type: Base),"The software uses an algorithm or scheme that produces insufficient entropy, leaving patterns or clusters of values that are more likely to occur than others.","When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Unknown,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
798 CWE-334,Small Space of Random Values (Type: Base),"The number of possible random values is smaller than needed by the product, making it more susceptible to brute force attacks.",The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1134 CWE-331,EN-Insufficient Entropy (Type: Base),"The software uses an algorithm or scheme that produces insufficient entropy, leaving patterns or clusters of values that are more likely to occur than others.
1135 When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Unknown,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1136 CWE-334,EN-Small Space of Random Values (Type: Base),"The number of possible random values is smaller than needed by the product, making it more susceptible to brute force attacks.
1137 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
7991138 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
800 CWE-335,PRNG Seed Error (Type: Class),A Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) uses seeds incorrectly.,The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
801 CWE-336,Same Seed in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG uses the same seed each time the product is initialized. If an attacker can guess (or knows) the seed, then he/she may be able to determine the ""random"" number produced from the PRNG.",The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
802 CWE-337,Predictable Seed in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG is initialized from a predictable seed, e.g. using process ID or system time.",The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1139 CWE-335,EN-PRNG Seed Error (Type: Class),"A Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) uses seeds incorrectly.
1140 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
1141 CWE-336,EN-Same Seed in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG uses the same seed each time the product is initialized. If an attacker can guess (or knows) the seed, then he/she may be able to determine the ""random"" number produced from the PRNG.
1142 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1143 CWE-337,EN-Predictable Seed in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG is initialized from a predictable seed, e.g. using process ID or system time.
1144 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8031145 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
804 CWE-339,Small Seed Space in PRNG (Type: Base),A PRNG uses a relatively small space of seeds.,The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
805 CWE-34,Path Traversal: ....// (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '....//' (doubled dot dot slash) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1146 CWE-339,EN-Small Seed Space in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG uses a relatively small space of seeds.
1147 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1148 CWE-34,EN-Path Traversal: ....// (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '....//' (doubled dot dot slash) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1149 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8061150 The '....//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then ""....//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). It could also be useful when "".."" is removed, if the operating system treats ""//"" and ""/"" as equivalent.",,Unknown,
807 CWE-340,Predictability Problems (Type: Class),Weaknesses in this category are related to schemes that generate numbers or identifiers that are more predictable than required by the application.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1151 CWE-340,EN-Predictability Problems (Type: Class),"Weaknesses in this category are related to schemes that generate numbers or identifiers that are more predictable than required by the application.
1152 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8081153 The '....//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then ""....//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). It could also be useful when "".."" is removed, if the operating system treats ""//"" and ""/"" as equivalent.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
809 CWE-341,Predictable from Observable State (Type: Base),"A number or object is predictable based on observations that the attacker can make about the state of the system or network, such as time, process ID, etc.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1154 CWE-341,EN-Predictable from Observable State (Type: Base),"A number or object is predictable based on observations that the attacker can make about the state of the system or network, such as time, process ID, etc.
1155 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8101156 The '....//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then ""....//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). It could also be useful when "".."" is removed, if the operating system treats ""//"" and ""/"" as equivalent.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8111157 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
812 CWE-342,Predictable Exact Value from Previous Values (Type: Base),An exact value or random number can be precisely predicted by observing previous values.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1158 CWE-342,EN-Predictable Exact Value from Previous Values (Type: Base),"An exact value or random number can be precisely predicted by observing previous values.
1159 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8131160 The '....//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then ""....//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). It could also be useful when "".."" is removed, if the operating system treats ""//"" and ""/"" as equivalent.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8141161 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
815 CWE-343,Predictable Value Range from Previous Values (Type: Base),"The software's random number generator produces a series of values which, when observed, can be used to infer a relatively small range of possibilities for the next value that could be generated.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1162 CWE-343,EN-Predictable Value Range from Previous Values (Type: Base),"The software's random number generator produces a series of values which, when observed, can be used to infer a relatively small range of possibilities for the next value that could be generated.
1163 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8161164 Strange Attractors and TCP/IP Sequence Number Analysis: http://www.bindview.com/Services/Razor/Papers/2001/tcpseq.cfm
8171165 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
818 CWE-344,Use of Invariant Value in Dynamically Changing Context (Type: Base),"The product uses a constant value, name, or reference, but this value can (or should) vary across different environments.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
819 CWE-345,Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity (Type: Class),"The software does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231"
820 CWE-346,Origin Validation Error (Type: Base),The software does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.,"The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
821 CWE-347,Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature (Type: Base),"The software does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
822 CWE-348,Use of Less Trusted Source (Type: Base),"The software has two different sources of the same data or information, but it uses the source that has less support for verification, is less trusted, or is less resistant to attack.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
823 CWE-349,Acceptance of Extraneous Untrusted Data With Trusted Data (Type: Base),"The software, when processing trusted data, accepts any untrusted data that is also included with the trusted data, treating the untrusted data as if it were trusted.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
824 CWE-35,Path Traversal: .../...// (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '.../...//' (doubled triple dot slash) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1166 CWE-344,EN-Use of Invariant Value in Dynamically Changing Context (Type: Base),"The product uses a constant value, name, or reference, but this value can (or should) vary across different environments.
1167 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1168 CWE-345,EN-Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity (Type: Class),"The software does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.
1169 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231"
1170 CWE-346,EN-Origin Validation Error (Type: Base),"The software does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
1171 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
1172 CWE-347,EN-Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature (Type: Base),"The software does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.
1173 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
1174 CWE-348,EN-Use of Less Trusted Source (Type: Base),"The software has two different sources of the same data or information, but it uses the source that has less support for verification, is less trusted, or is less resistant to attack.
1175 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
1176 CWE-349,EN-Acceptance of Extraneous Untrusted Data With Trusted Data (Type: Base),"The software, when processing trusted data, accepts any untrusted data that is also included with the trusted data, treating the untrusted data as if it were trusted.
1177 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
1178 CWE-35,EN-Path Traversal: .../...// (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '.../...//' (doubled triple dot slash) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1179 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8251180 The '.../...//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then "".../...//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). Removing the first ""../"" yields ""....//""; the second removal yields ""../"". Depending on the algorithm, the software could be susceptible to CWE-34 but not CWE-35, or vice versa.",,Unknown,
826 CWE-350,Reliance on Reverse DNS Resolution for a Security-Critical Action (Type: Variant),"The software performs reverse DNS resolution on an IP address to obtain the hostname and make a security decision, but it does not properly ensure that the IP address is truly associated with the hostname.","When the software performs a reverse DNS resolution for an IP address, if an attacker controls the server for that IP address, then the attacker can cause the server to return an arbitrary hostname. As a result, the attacker may be able to bypass authentication, cause the wrong hostname to be recorded in log files to hide activities, or perform other attacks.
1181 CWE-350,EN-Reliance on Reverse DNS Resolution for a Security-Critical Action (Type: Variant),"The software performs reverse DNS resolution on an IP address to obtain the hostname and make a security decision, but it does not properly ensure that the IP address is truly associated with the hostname.
1182 When the software performs a reverse DNS resolution for an IP address, if an attacker controls the server for that IP address, then the attacker can cause the server to return an arbitrary hostname. As a result, the attacker may be able to bypass authentication, cause the wrong hostname to be recorded in log files to hide activities, or perform other attacks.
8271183 Attackers can spoof DNS names by either (1) compromising a DNS server and modifying its records (sometimes called DNS cache poisoning), or (2) having legitimate control over a DNS server associated with their IP address.
8281184 Since DNS names can be easily spoofed or misreported, and it may be difficult for the software to detect if a trusted DNS server has not been compromised, they do not constitute a valid authentication mechanism.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231
8291185 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 24: Trusting Network Name Resolution."" Page 361
8301186 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 16, ""DNS Spoofing"", Page 1002."
831 CWE-351,Insufficient Type Distinction (Type: Base),The software does not properly distinguish between different types of elements in a way that leads to insecure behavior.,"When the software performs a reverse DNS resolution for an IP address, if an attacker controls the server for that IP address, then the attacker can cause the server to return an arbitrary hostname. As a result, the attacker may be able to bypass authentication, cause the wrong hostname to be recorded in log files to hide activities, or perform other attacks.
1187 CWE-351,EN-Insufficient Type Distinction (Type: Base),"The software does not properly distinguish between different types of elements in a way that leads to insecure behavior.
1188 When the software performs a reverse DNS resolution for an IP address, if an attacker controls the server for that IP address, then the attacker can cause the server to return an arbitrary hostname. As a result, the attacker may be able to bypass authentication, cause the wrong hostname to be recorded in log files to hide activities, or perform other attacks.
8321189 Attackers can spoof DNS names by either (1) compromising a DNS server and modifying its records (sometimes called DNS cache poisoning), or (2) having legitimate control over a DNS server associated with their IP address.
8331190 Since DNS names can be easily spoofed or misreported, and it may be difficult for the software to detect if a trusted DNS server has not been compromised, they do not constitute a valid authentication mechanism.",,Unknown,
834 CWE-356,Product UI does not Warn User of Unsafe Actions (Type: Base),The software's user interface does not warn the user before undertaking an unsafe action on behalf of that user. This makes it easier for attackers to trick users into inflicting damage to their system.,"Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
835 CWE-357,Insufficient UI Warning of Dangerous Operations (Type: Base),"The user interface provides a warning to a user regarding dangerous or sensitive operations, but the warning is not noticeable enough to warrant attention.","Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
836 CWE-358,Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard (Type: Base),"The software does not implement or incorrectly implements one or more security-relevant checks as specified by the design of a standardized algorithm, protocol, or technique.","Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
837 CWE-359,Privacy Violation (Type: Class),"Mishandling private information, such as customer passwords or social security numbers, can compromise user privacy and is often illegal.","Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,"AOL man pleads guilty to selling 92m email addies: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/02/07/aol_email_theft/
1191 CWE-356,EN-Product UI does not Warn User of Unsafe Actions (Type: Base),"The software's user interface does not warn the user before undertaking an unsafe action on behalf of that user. This makes it easier for attackers to trick users into inflicting damage to their system.
1192 Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
1193 CWE-357,EN-Insufficient UI Warning of Dangerous Operations (Type: Base),"The user interface provides a warning to a user regarding dangerous or sensitive operations, but the warning is not noticeable enough to warrant attention.
1194 Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
1195 CWE-358,EN-Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard (Type: Base),"The software does not implement or incorrectly implements one or more security-relevant checks as specified by the design of a standardized algorithm, protocol, or technique.
1196 Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
1197 CWE-359,EN-Privacy Violation (Type: Class),"Mishandling private information, such as customer passwords or social security numbers, can compromise user privacy and is often illegal.
1198 Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,"AOL man pleads guilty to selling 92m email addies: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/02/07/aol_email_theft/
8381199 Safe Harbor Privacy Framework: http://www.export.gov/safeharbor/
8391200 Financial Privacy: The Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA): http://www.ftc.gov/privacy/glbact/index.html
8401201 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA): http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/hipaa/
8411202 California SB-1386: http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/01-02/bill/sen/sb_1351-1400/sb_1386_bill_20020926_chaptered.html
8421203 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8431204 Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/"
844 CWE-36,Absolute Path Traversal (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize absolute path sequences such as ""/abs/path"" that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Filenames and Paths"", Page 503."
845 CWE-363,Race Condition Enabling Link Following (Type: Base),"The software checks the status of a file or directory before accessing it, which produces a race condition in which the file can be replaced with a link before the access is performed, causing the software to access the wrong file.","While developers might expect that there is a very narrow time window between the time of check and time of use, there is still a race condition. An attacker could cause the software to slow down (e.g. with memory consumption), causing the time window to become larger. Alternately, in some situations, the attacker could win the race by performing a large number of attacks.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Race Conditions"", Page 526."
846 CWE-368,Context Switching Race Condition (Type: Base),"A product performs a series of non-atomic actions to switch between contexts that cross privilege or other security boundaries, but a race condition allows an attacker to modify or misrepresent the product's behavior during the switch.","This is commonly seen in web browser vulnerabilities in which the attacker can perform certain actions while the browser is transitioning from a trusted to an untrusted domain, or vice versa, and the browser performs the actions on one domain using the trust level and resources of the other domain.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
847 CWE-37,Path Traversal: /absolute/pathname/here (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts input in the form of a slash absolute path ('/absolute/pathname/here') without appropriate validation can allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"This weakness typically occurs when an unexpected value is provided to the product, or if an error occurs that is not properly detected. It frequently occurs in calculations involving physical dimensions such as size, length, width, and height.",,Unknown,
848 CWE-372,Incomplete Internal State Distinction (Type: Base),"The software does not properly determine which state it is in, causing it to assume it is in state X when in fact it is in state Y, causing it to perform incorrect operations in a security-relevant manner.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,
849 CWE-373,DEPRECATED: State Synchronization Error (Type: Base),This entry was deprecated because it overlapped the same concepts as race condition (CWE-362) and Improper Synchronization (CWE-662).,"If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,
850 CWE-377,Insecure Temporary File (Type: Base),Creating and using insecure temporary files can leave application and system data vulnerable to attack.,"If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 23, ""Creating Temporary Files Securely"" Page 682
1205 CWE-36,EN-Absolute Path Traversal (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize absolute path sequences such as ""/abs/path"" that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1206 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Filenames and Paths"", Page 503."
1207 CWE-363,EN-Race Condition Enabling Link Following (Type: Base),"The software checks the status of a file or directory before accessing it, which produces a race condition in which the file can be replaced with a link before the access is performed, causing the software to access the wrong file.
1208 While developers might expect that there is a very narrow time window between the time of check and time of use, there is still a race condition. An attacker could cause the software to slow down (e.g. with memory consumption), causing the time window to become larger. Alternately, in some situations, the attacker could win the race by performing a large number of attacks.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Race Conditions"", Page 526."
1209 CWE-368,EN-Context Switching Race Condition (Type: Base),"A product performs a series of non-atomic actions to switch between contexts that cross privilege or other security boundaries, but a race condition allows an attacker to modify or misrepresent the product's behavior during the switch.
1210 This is commonly seen in web browser vulnerabilities in which the attacker can perform certain actions while the browser is transitioning from a trusted to an untrusted domain, or vice versa, and the browser performs the actions on one domain using the trust level and resources of the other domain.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
1211 CWE-37,EN-Path Traversal: /absolute/pathname/here (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts input in the form of a slash absolute path ('/absolute/pathname/here') without appropriate validation can allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1212 This weakness typically occurs when an unexpected value is provided to the product, or if an error occurs that is not properly detected. It frequently occurs in calculations involving physical dimensions such as size, length, width, and height.",,Unknown,
1213 CWE-372,EN-Incomplete Internal State Distinction (Type: Base),"The software does not properly determine which state it is in, causing it to assume it is in state X when in fact it is in state Y, causing it to perform incorrect operations in a security-relevant manner.
1214 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,
1215 CWE-373,EN-DEPRECATED: State Synchronization Error (Type: Base),"This entry was deprecated because it overlapped the same concepts as race condition (CWE-362) and Improper Synchronization (CWE-662).
1216 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,
1217 CWE-377,EN-Insecure Temporary File (Type: Base),"Creating and using insecure temporary files can leave application and system data vulnerable to attack.
1218 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 23, ""Creating Temporary Files Securely"" Page 682
8511219 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Temporary Files"", Page 538.
8521220 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""File Squatting"", Page 662."
853 CWE-38,Path Traversal: \absolute\pathname\here (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts input in the form of a backslash absolute path ('\absolute\pathname\here') without appropriate validation can allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Unknown,
854 CWE-382,J2EE Bad Practices: Use of System.exit() (Type: Variant),"A J2EE application uses System.exit(), which also shuts down its container.","On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Unknown,
855 CWE-383,J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Use of Threads (Type: Variant),Thread management in a Web application is forbidden in some circumstances and is always highly error prone.,"Thread management in a web application is forbidden by the J2EE standard in some circumstances and is always highly error prone. Managing threads is difficult and is likely to interfere in unpredictable ways with the behavior of the application container. Even without interfering with the container, thread management usually leads to bugs that are hard to detect and diagnose like deadlock, race conditions, and other synchronization errors.",,Unknown,
856 CWE-386,Symbolic Name not Mapping to Correct Object (Type: Base),"A constant symbolic reference to an object is used, even though the reference can resolve to a different object over time.","In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
1221 CWE-38,EN-Path Traversal: \absolute\pathname\here (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts input in the form of a backslash absolute path ('\absolute\pathname\here') without appropriate validation can allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1222 On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Unknown,
1223 CWE-382,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Use of System.exit() (Type: Variant),"A J2EE application uses System.exit(), which also shuts down its container.
1224 On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Unknown,
1225 CWE-383,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Use of Threads (Type: Variant),"Thread management in a Web application is forbidden in some circumstances and is always highly error prone.
1226 Thread management in a web application is forbidden by the J2EE standard in some circumstances and is always highly error prone. Managing threads is difficult and is likely to interfere in unpredictable ways with the behavior of the application container. Even without interfering with the container, thread management usually leads to bugs that are hard to detect and diagnose like deadlock, race conditions, and other synchronization errors.",,Unknown,
1227 CWE-386,EN-Symbolic Name not Mapping to Correct Object (Type: Base),"A constant symbolic reference to an object is used, even though the reference can resolve to a different object over time.
1228 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
8571229 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Unknown,
858 CWE-39,Path Traversal: C:dirname (Type: Variant),An attacker can inject a drive letter or Windows volume letter ('C:dirname') into a software system to potentially redirect access to an unintended location or arbitrary file.,"In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
1230 CWE-39,EN-Path Traversal: C:dirname (Type: Variant),"An attacker can inject a drive letter or Windows volume letter ('C:dirname') into a software system to potentially redirect access to an unintended location or arbitrary file.
1231 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
8591232 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Unknown,
860 CWE-392,Missing Report of Error Condition (Type: Base),The software encounters an error but does not provide a status code or return value to indicate that an error has occurred.,"In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
1233 CWE-392,EN-Missing Report of Error Condition (Type: Base),"The software encounters an error but does not provide a status code or return value to indicate that an error has occurred.
1234 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
8611235 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Unknown,
862 CWE-393,Return of Wrong Status Code (Type: Base),"A function or operation returns an incorrect return value or status code that does not indicate an error, but causes the product to modify its behavior based on the incorrect result.","This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
863 CWE-394,Unexpected Status Code or Return Value (Type: Base),"The software does not properly check when a function or operation returns a value that is legitimate for the function, but is not expected by the software.","This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
864 CWE-395,Use of NullPointerException Catch to Detect NULL Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),Catching NullPointerException should not be used as an alternative to programmatic checks to prevent dereferencing a null pointer.,"This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
865 CWE-396,Declaration of Catch for Generic Exception (Type: Base),Catching overly broad exceptions promotes complex error handling code that is more likely to contain security vulnerabilities.,"Multiple catch blocks can get ugly and repetitive, but ""condensing"" catch blocks by catching a high-level class like Exception can obscure exceptions that deserve special treatment or that should not be caught at this point in the program. Catching an overly broad exception essentially defeats the purpose of Java's typed exceptions, and can become particularly dangerous if the program grows and begins to throw new types of exceptions. The new exception types will not receive any attention.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 9: Catching Exceptions."" Page 157"
866 CWE-397,Declaration of Throws for Generic Exception (Type: Base),Throwing overly broad exceptions promotes complex error handling code that is more likely to contain security vulnerabilities.,"Declaring a method to throw Exception or Throwable makes it difficult for callers to perform proper error handling and error recovery. Java's exception mechanism, for example, is set up to make it easy for callers to anticipate what can go wrong and write code to handle each specific exceptional circumstance. Declaring that a method throws a generic form of exception defeats this system.",,Unknown,
867 CWE-398,Indicator of Poor Code Quality (Type: Class),"The code has features that do not directly introduce a weakness or vulnerability, but indicate that the product has not been carefully developed or maintained.","Programs are more likely to be secure when good development practices are followed. If a program is complex, difficult to maintain, not portable, or shows evidence of neglect, then there is a higher likelihood that weaknesses are buried in the code.",,Unknown,
868 CWE-40,Path Traversal: \\UNC\share\name\ (Windows UNC Share) (Type: Variant),An attacker can inject a Windows UNC share ('\\UNC\share\name') into a software system to potentially redirect access to an unintended location or arbitrary file.,"Programs are more likely to be secure when good development practices are followed. If a program is complex, difficult to maintain, not portable, or shows evidence of neglect, then there is a higher likelihood that weaknesses are buried in the code.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Filelike Objects"", Page 664."
869 CWE-402,Transmission of Private Resources into a New Sphere (Resource Leak) (Type: Class),The software makes resources available to untrusted parties when those resources are only intended to be accessed by the software.,This is often triggered by improper handling of malformed data or unexpectedly interrupted sessions.,,Unknown,
870 CWE-403,Exposure of File Descriptor to Unintended Control Sphere (File Descriptor Leak) (Type: Base),"A process does not close sensitive file descriptors before invoking a child process, which allows the child to perform unauthorized I/O operations using those descriptors.","When a new process is forked or executed, the child process inherits any open file descriptors. When the child process has fewer privileges than the parent process, this might introduce a vulnerability if the child process can access the file descriptor but does not have the privileges to access the associated file.",,Unknown,"File descriptors and setuid applications: https://blogs.oracle.com/paulr/entry/file_descriptors_and_setuid_applications
1236 CWE-393,EN-Return of Wrong Status Code (Type: Base),"A function or operation returns an incorrect return value or status code that does not indicate an error, but causes the product to modify its behavior based on the incorrect result.
1237 This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
1238 CWE-394,EN-Unexpected Status Code or Return Value (Type: Base),"The software does not properly check when a function or operation returns a value that is legitimate for the function, but is not expected by the software.
1239 This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
1240 CWE-395,EN-Use of NullPointerException Catch to Detect NULL Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"Catching NullPointerException should not be used as an alternative to programmatic checks to prevent dereferencing a null pointer.
1241 This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
1242 CWE-396,EN-Declaration of Catch for Generic Exception (Type: Base),"Catching overly broad exceptions promotes complex error handling code that is more likely to contain security vulnerabilities.
1243 Multiple catch blocks can get ugly and repetitive, but ""condensing"" catch blocks by catching a high-level class like Exception can obscure exceptions that deserve special treatment or that should not be caught at this point in the program. Catching an overly broad exception essentially defeats the purpose of Java's typed exceptions, and can become particularly dangerous if the program grows and begins to throw new types of exceptions. The new exception types will not receive any attention.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 9: Catching Exceptions."" Page 157"
1244 CWE-397,EN-Declaration of Throws for Generic Exception (Type: Base),"Throwing overly broad exceptions promotes complex error handling code that is more likely to contain security vulnerabilities.
1245 Declaring a method to throw Exception or Throwable makes it difficult for callers to perform proper error handling and error recovery. Java's exception mechanism, for example, is set up to make it easy for callers to anticipate what can go wrong and write code to handle each specific exceptional circumstance. Declaring that a method throws a generic form of exception defeats this system.",,Unknown,
1246 CWE-398,EN-Indicator of Poor Code Quality (Type: Class),"The code has features that do not directly introduce a weakness or vulnerability, but indicate that the product has not been carefully developed or maintained.
1247 Programs are more likely to be secure when good development practices are followed. If a program is complex, difficult to maintain, not portable, or shows evidence of neglect, then there is a higher likelihood that weaknesses are buried in the code.",,Unknown,
1248 CWE-40,EN-Path Traversal: \\UNC\share\name\ (Windows UNC Share) (Type: Variant),"An attacker can inject a Windows UNC share ('\\UNC\share\name') into a software system to potentially redirect access to an unintended location or arbitrary file.
1249 Programs are more likely to be secure when good development practices are followed. If a program is complex, difficult to maintain, not portable, or shows evidence of neglect, then there is a higher likelihood that weaknesses are buried in the code.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Filelike Objects"", Page 664."
1250 CWE-402,EN-Transmission of Private Resources into a New Sphere (Resource Leak) (Type: Class),"The software makes resources available to untrusted parties when those resources are only intended to be accessed by the software.
1251 This is often triggered by improper handling of malformed data or unexpectedly interrupted sessions.",,Unknown,
1252 CWE-403,EN-Exposure of File Descriptor to Unintended Control Sphere (File Descriptor Leak) (Type: Base),"A process does not close sensitive file descriptors before invoking a child process, which allows the child to perform unauthorized I/O operations using those descriptors.
1253 When a new process is forked or executed, the child process inherits any open file descriptors. When the child process has fewer privileges than the parent process, this might introduce a vulnerability if the child process can access the file descriptor but does not have the privileges to access the associated file.",,Unknown,"File descriptors and setuid applications: https://blogs.oracle.com/paulr/entry/file_descriptors_and_setuid_applications
8711254 Introduction to Secure Coding Guide: https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/security/conceptual/SecureCodingGuide/Articles/AccessControl.html"
872 CWE-405,Asymmetric Resource Consumption (Amplification) (Type: Class),Software that does not appropriately monitor or control resource consumption can lead to adverse system performance.,"This situation is amplified if the software allows malicious users or attackers to consume more resources than their access level permits. Exploiting such a weakness can lead to asymmetric resource consumption, aiding in amplification attacks against the system or the network.",,Unknown,
873 CWE-406,Insufficient Control of Network Message Volume (Network Amplification) (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently monitor or control transmitted network traffic volume, so that an actor can cause the software to transmit more traffic than should be allowed for that actor.","In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Unknown,
874 CWE-408,Incorrect Behavior Order: Early Amplification (Type: Base),The software allows an entity to perform a legitimate but expensive operation before authentication or authorization has taken place.,"In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Unknown,
875 CWE-409,Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) (Type: Base),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.,"An example of data amplification is a ""decompression bomb,"" a small ZIP file that can produce a large amount of data when it is decompressed.",,Unknown,
876 CWE-41,Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence (Type: Base),The system or application is vulnerable to file system contents disclosure through path equivalence. Path equivalence involves the use of special characters in file and directory names. The associated manipulations are intended to generate multiple names for the same object.,"Path equivalence is usually employed in order to circumvent access controls expressed using an incomplete set of file name or file path representations. This is different from path traversal, wherein the manipulations are performed to generate a name for a different object.",,Unknown,
877 CWE-410,Insufficient Resource Pool (Type: Base),"The software's resource pool is not large enough to handle peak demand, which allows an attacker to prevent others from accessing the resource by using a (relatively) large number of requests for resources.","Frequently the consequence is a ""flood"" of connection or sessions.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 17, ""Protecting Against Denial of Service Attacks"" Page 517"
878 CWE-412,Unrestricted Externally Accessible Lock (Type: Base),"The software properly checks for the existence of a lock, but the lock can be externally controlled or influenced by an actor that is outside of the intended sphere of control.","This prevents the software from acting on associated resources or performing other behaviors that are controlled by the presence of the lock. Relevant locks might include an exclusive lock or mutex, or modifying a shared resource that is treated as a lock. If the lock can be held for an indefinite period of time, then the denial of service could be permanent.",,Unknown,
879 CWE-413,Improper Resource Locking (Type: Base),The software does not lock or does not correctly lock a resource when the software must have exclusive access to the resource.,"When a resource is not properly locked, an attacker could modify the resource while it is being operated on by the software. This might violate the software's assumption that the resource will not change, potentially leading to unexpected behaviors.",,Unknown,
880 CWE-414,Missing Lock Check (Type: Base),A product does not check to see if a lock is present before performing sensitive operations on a resource.,"When a resource is not properly locked, an attacker could modify the resource while it is being operated on by the software. This might violate the software's assumption that the resource will not change, potentially leading to unexpected behaviors.",,Unknown,
881 CWE-419,Unprotected Primary Channel (Type: Base),"The software uses a primary channel for administration or restricted functionality, but it does not properly protect the channel.","The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
1255 CWE-405,EN-Asymmetric Resource Consumption (Amplification) (Type: Class),"Software that does not appropriately monitor or control resource consumption can lead to adverse system performance.
1256 This situation is amplified if the software allows malicious users or attackers to consume more resources than their access level permits. Exploiting such a weakness can lead to asymmetric resource consumption, aiding in amplification attacks against the system or the network.",,Unknown,
1257 CWE-406,EN-Insufficient Control of Network Message Volume (Network Amplification) (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently monitor or control transmitted network traffic volume, so that an actor can cause the software to transmit more traffic than should be allowed for that actor.
1258 In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Unknown,
1259 CWE-408,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Early Amplification (Type: Base),"The software allows an entity to perform a legitimate but expensive operation before authentication or authorization has taken place.
1260 In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Unknown,
1261 CWE-409,EN-Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.
1262 An example of data amplification is a ""decompression bomb,"" a small ZIP file that can produce a large amount of data when it is decompressed.",,Unknown,
1263 CWE-41,EN-Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence (Type: Base),"The system or application is vulnerable to file system contents disclosure through path equivalence. Path equivalence involves the use of special characters in file and directory names. The associated manipulations are intended to generate multiple names for the same object.
1264 Path equivalence is usually employed in order to circumvent access controls expressed using an incomplete set of file name or file path representations. This is different from path traversal, wherein the manipulations are performed to generate a name for a different object.",,Unknown,
1265 CWE-410,EN-Insufficient Resource Pool (Type: Base),"The software's resource pool is not large enough to handle peak demand, which allows an attacker to prevent others from accessing the resource by using a (relatively) large number of requests for resources.
1266 Frequently the consequence is a ""flood"" of connection or sessions.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 17, ""Protecting Against Denial of Service Attacks"" Page 517"
1267 CWE-412,EN-Unrestricted Externally Accessible Lock (Type: Base),"The software properly checks for the existence of a lock, but the lock can be externally controlled or influenced by an actor that is outside of the intended sphere of control.
1268 This prevents the software from acting on associated resources or performing other behaviors that are controlled by the presence of the lock. Relevant locks might include an exclusive lock or mutex, or modifying a shared resource that is treated as a lock. If the lock can be held for an indefinite period of time, then the denial of service could be permanent.",,Unknown,
1269 CWE-413,EN-Improper Resource Locking (Type: Base),"The software does not lock or does not correctly lock a resource when the software must have exclusive access to the resource.
1270 When a resource is not properly locked, an attacker could modify the resource while it is being operated on by the software. This might violate the software's assumption that the resource will not change, potentially leading to unexpected behaviors.",,Unknown,
1271 CWE-414,EN-Missing Lock Check (Type: Base),"A product does not check to see if a lock is present before performing sensitive operations on a resource.
1272 When a resource is not properly locked, an attacker could modify the resource while it is being operated on by the software. This might violate the software's assumption that the resource will not change, potentially leading to unexpected behaviors.",,Unknown,
1273 CWE-419,EN-Unprotected Primary Channel (Type: Base),"The software uses a primary channel for administration or restricted functionality, but it does not properly protect the channel.
1274 The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
8821275 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances.
8831276 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for freeing the memory.
8841277 In this scenario, the memory in question is allocated to another pointer validly at some point after it has been freed. The original pointer to the freed memory is used again and points to somewhere within the new allocation. As the data is changed, it corrupts the validly used memory; this induces undefined behavior in the process.
8851278 If the newly allocated data chances to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap data. If one of these function pointers is overwritten with an address to valid shellcode, execution of arbitrary code can be achieved.",,Unknown,
886 CWE-42,Path Equivalence: filename. (Trailing Dot) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing dot ('filedir.') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
1279 CWE-42,EN-Path Equivalence: filename. (Trailing Dot) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing dot ('filedir.') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1280 The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
8871281 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances.
8881282 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for freeing the memory.
8891283 In this scenario, the memory in question is allocated to another pointer validly at some point after it has been freed. The original pointer to the freed memory is used again and points to somewhere within the new allocation. As the data is changed, it corrupts the validly used memory; this induces undefined behavior in the process.
8901284 If the newly allocated data chances to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap data. If one of these function pointers is overwritten with an address to valid shellcode, execution of arbitrary code can be achieved.",,Unknown,
891 CWE-420,Unprotected Alternate Channel (Type: Base),"The software protects a primary channel, but it does not use the same level of protection for an alternate channel.","The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
1285 CWE-420,EN-Unprotected Alternate Channel (Type: Base),"The software protects a primary channel, but it does not use the same level of protection for an alternate channel.
1286 The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
8921287 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances.
8931288 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for freeing the memory.
8941289 In this scenario, the memory in question is allocated to another pointer validly at some point after it has been freed. The original pointer to the freed memory is used again and points to somewhere within the new allocation. As the data is changed, it corrupts the validly used memory; this induces undefined behavior in the process.
8951290 If the newly allocated data chances to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap data. If one of these function pointers is overwritten with an address to valid shellcode, execution of arbitrary code can be achieved.",,Unknown,
896 CWE-421,Race Condition During Access to Alternate Channel (Type: Base),"The product opens an alternate channel to communicate with an authorized user, but the channel is accessible to other actors.",This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.,,Unknown,"Discovering and Exploiting Named Pipe Security Flaws for Fun and Profit: http://www.blakewatts.com/namedpipepaper.html
1291 CWE-421,EN-Race Condition During Access to Alternate Channel (Type: Base),"The product opens an alternate channel to communicate with an authorized user, but the channel is accessible to other actors.
1292 This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.",,Unknown,"Discovering and Exploiting Named Pipe Security Flaws for Fun and Profit: http://www.blakewatts.com/namedpipepaper.html
8971293 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
898 CWE-422,Unprotected Windows Messaging Channel (Shatter) (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly verify the source of a message in the Windows Messaging System while running at elevated privileges, creating an alternate channel through which an attacker can directly send a message to the product.",This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.,,Unknown,"Exploiting design flaws in the Win32 API for privilege escalation. Or... Shatter Attacks - How to break Windows: http://web.archive.org/web/20060115174629/http://security.tombom.co.uk/shatter.html
1294 CWE-422,EN-Unprotected Windows Messaging Channel (Shatter) (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly verify the source of a message in the Windows Messaging System while running at elevated privileges, creating an alternate channel through which an attacker can directly send a message to the product.
1295 This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.",,Unknown,"Exploiting design flaws in the Win32 API for privilege escalation. Or... Shatter Attacks - How to break Windows: http://web.archive.org/web/20060115174629/http://security.tombom.co.uk/shatter.html
8991296 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Design Review."" Page 34.
9001297 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 12, ""Shatter Attacks"", Page 694."
901 CWE-423,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Proxied Trusted Channel (Type: Base),This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-441. All content has been transferred to CWE-441.,This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.,,Unknown,
902 CWE-424,Improper Protection of Alternate Path (Type: Class),The product does not sufficiently protect all possible paths that a user can take to access restricted functionality or resources.,This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.,,Unknown,
903 CWE-425,Direct Request (Forced Browsing) (Type: Base),"The web application does not adequately enforce appropriate authorization on all restricted URLs, scripts, or files.",Web applications susceptible to direct request attacks often make the false assumption that such resources can only be reached through a given navigation path and so only apply authorization at certain points in the path.,,Unknown,
904 CWE-427,Uncontrolled Search Path Element (Type: Base),"The product uses a fixed or controlled search path to find resources, but one or more locations in that path can be under the control of unintended actors.","Although this weakness can occur with any type of resource, it is frequently introduced when a product uses a directory search path to find executables or code libraries, but the path contains a directory that can be modified by an attacker, such as ""/tmp"" or the current working directory.
1298 CWE-423,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Proxied Trusted Channel (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-441. All content has been transferred to CWE-441.
1299 This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.",,Unknown,
1300 CWE-424,EN-Improper Protection of Alternate Path (Type: Class),"The product does not sufficiently protect all possible paths that a user can take to access restricted functionality or resources.
1301 This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.",,Unknown,
1302 CWE-425,EN-Direct Request (Forced Browsing) (Type: Base),"The web application does not adequately enforce appropriate authorization on all restricted URLs, scripts, or files.
1303 Web applications susceptible to direct request attacks often make the false assumption that such resources can only be reached through a given navigation path and so only apply authorization at certain points in the path.",,Unknown,
1304 CWE-427,EN-Uncontrolled Search Path Element (Type: Base),"The product uses a fixed or controlled search path to find resources, but one or more locations in that path can be under the control of unintended actors.
1305 Although this weakness can occur with any type of resource, it is frequently introduced when a product uses a directory search path to find executables or code libraries, but the path contains a directory that can be modified by an attacker, such as ""/tmp"" or the current working directory.
9051306 In Windows-based systems, when the LoadLibrary or LoadLibraryEx function is called with a DLL name that does not contain a fully qualified path, the function follows a search order that includes two path elements that might be uncontrolled:
9061307 the directory from which the program has been loaded
9071308 the current working directory.
9151316 Insecure Library Loading Could Allow Remote Code Execution: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/advisory/2269637.mspx
9161317 Application DLL Load Hijacking: http://blog.rapid7.com/?p=5325
9171318 DLL Hijacking: Facts and Fiction: http://threatpost.com/en_us/blogs/dll-hijacking-facts-and-fiction-082610"
918 CWE-428,Unquoted Search Path or Element (Type: Base),"The product uses a search path that contains an unquoted element, in which the element contains whitespace or other separators. This can cause the product to access resources in a parent path.","If a malicious individual has access to the file system, it is possible to elevate privileges by inserting such a file as ""C:\Program.exe"" to be run by a privileged program making use of WinExec.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Process Loading"", Page 654."
919 CWE-43,Path Equivalence: filename.... (Multiple Trailing Dot) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple trailing dot ('filedir....') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"If a malicious individual has access to the file system, it is possible to elevate privileges by inserting such a file as ""C:\Program.exe"" to be run by a privileged program making use of WinExec.",,Unknown,
920 CWE-430,Deployment of Wrong Handler (Type: Base),"The wrong ""handler"" is assigned to process an object.","An example of deploying the wrong handler would be calling a servlet to reveal source code of a .JSP file, or automatically ""determining"" type of the object even if it is contradictory to an explicitly specified type.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
921 CWE-431,Missing Handler (Type: Base),A handler is not available or implemented.,"When an exception is thrown and not caught, the process has given up an opportunity to decide if a given failure or event is worth a change in execution.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
922 CWE-432,Dangerous Signal Handler not Disabled During Sensitive Operations (Type: Base),"The application uses a signal handler that shares state with other signal handlers, but it does not properly mask or prevent those signal handlers from being invoked while the original signal handler is still running.","During the execution of a signal handler, it can be interrupted by another handler when a different signal is sent. If the two handlers share state - such as global variables - then an attacker can corrupt the state by sending another signal before the first handler has completed execution.",,Unknown,
923 CWE-433,Unparsed Raw Web Content Delivery (Type: Variant),The software stores raw content or supporting code under the web document root with an extension that is not specifically handled by the server.,"If code is stored in a file with an extension such as "".inc"" or "".pl"", and the web server does not have a handler for that extension, then the server will likely send the contents of the file directly to the requester without the pre-processing that was expected. When that file contains sensitive information such as database credentials, this may allow the attacker to compromise the application or associated components.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
924 CWE-435,Interaction Error (Type: Class),"An interaction error occurs when two entities work correctly when running independently, but they interact in unexpected ways when they are run together.","This could apply to products, systems, components, etc.",,Unknown,
925 CWE-436,Interpretation Conflict (Type: Base),"Product A handles inputs or steps differently than Product B, which causes A to perform incorrect actions based on its perception of B's state.","This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,"On Interpretation Conflict Vulnerabilities
1319 CWE-428,EN-Unquoted Search Path or Element (Type: Base),"The product uses a search path that contains an unquoted element, in which the element contains whitespace or other separators. This can cause the product to access resources in a parent path.
1320 If a malicious individual has access to the file system, it is possible to elevate privileges by inserting such a file as ""C:\Program.exe"" to be run by a privileged program making use of WinExec.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Process Loading"", Page 654."
1321 CWE-43,EN-Path Equivalence: filename.... (Multiple Trailing Dot) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple trailing dot ('filedir....') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1322 If a malicious individual has access to the file system, it is possible to elevate privileges by inserting such a file as ""C:\Program.exe"" to be run by a privileged program making use of WinExec.",,Unknown,
1323 CWE-430,EN-Deployment of Wrong Handler (Type: Base),"The wrong ""handler"" is assigned to process an object.
1324 An example of deploying the wrong handler would be calling a servlet to reveal source code of a .JSP file, or automatically ""determining"" type of the object even if it is contradictory to an explicitly specified type.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
1325 CWE-431,EN-Missing Handler (Type: Base),"A handler is not available or implemented.
1326 When an exception is thrown and not caught, the process has given up an opportunity to decide if a given failure or event is worth a change in execution.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
1327 CWE-432,EN-Dangerous Signal Handler not Disabled During Sensitive Operations (Type: Base),"The application uses a signal handler that shares state with other signal handlers, but it does not properly mask or prevent those signal handlers from being invoked while the original signal handler is still running.
1328 During the execution of a signal handler, it can be interrupted by another handler when a different signal is sent. If the two handlers share state - such as global variables - then an attacker can corrupt the state by sending another signal before the first handler has completed execution.",,Unknown,
1329 CWE-433,EN-Unparsed Raw Web Content Delivery (Type: Variant),"The software stores raw content or supporting code under the web document root with an extension that is not specifically handled by the server.
1330 If code is stored in a file with an extension such as "".inc"" or "".pl"", and the web server does not have a handler for that extension, then the server will likely send the contents of the file directly to the requester without the pre-processing that was expected. When that file contains sensitive information such as database credentials, this may allow the attacker to compromise the application or associated components.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
1331 CWE-435,EN-Interaction Error (Type: Class),"An interaction error occurs when two entities work correctly when running independently, but they interact in unexpected ways when they are run together.
1332 This could apply to products, systems, components, etc.",,Unknown,
1333 CWE-436,EN-Interpretation Conflict (Type: Base),"Product A handles inputs or steps differently than Product B, which causes A to perform incorrect actions based on its perception of B's state.
1334 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,"On Interpretation Conflict Vulnerabilities
9261335 Insertion, Evasion, and Denial of Service: Eluding Network Intrusion Detection: http://www.insecure.org/stf/secnet_ids/secnet_ids.pdf
9271336 0x00 vs ASP file upload scripts: http://www.security-assessment.com/Whitepapers/0x00_vs_ASP_File_Uploads.pdf
9281337 Poison NULL byte
9291338 Re: Corsaire Security Advisory - Multiple vendor MIME RFC2047 encoding: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=bugtraq&m=109525864717484&w=2"
930 CWE-437,Incomplete Model of Endpoint Features (Type: Base),"A product acts as an intermediary or monitor between two or more endpoints, but it does not have a complete model of an endpoint's features, behaviors, or state, potentially causing the product to perform incorrect actions based on this incomplete model.","This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
931 CWE-439,Behavioral Change in New Version or Environment (Type: Base),"A's behavior or functionality changes with a new version of A, or a new environment, which is not known (or manageable) by B.","This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
932 CWE-44,Path Equivalence: file.name (Internal Dot) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of internal dot ('file.ordir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
933 CWE-440,Expected Behavior Violation (Type: Base),"A feature, API, or function being used by a product behaves differently than the product expects.","This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
934 CWE-441,Unintended Proxy or Intermediary (Confused Deputy) (Type: Class),"The software receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the software does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the software's control sphere. This causes the software to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.","If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
1339 CWE-437,EN-Incomplete Model of Endpoint Features (Type: Base),"A product acts as an intermediary or monitor between two or more endpoints, but it does not have a complete model of an endpoint's features, behaviors, or state, potentially causing the product to perform incorrect actions based on this incomplete model.
1340 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
1341 CWE-439,EN-Behavioral Change in New Version or Environment (Type: Base),"A's behavior or functionality changes with a new version of A, or a new environment, which is not known (or manageable) by B.
1342 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
1343 CWE-44,EN-Path Equivalence: file.name (Internal Dot) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of internal dot ('file.ordir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1344 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
1345 CWE-440,EN-Expected Behavior Violation (Type: Base),"A feature, API, or function being used by a product behaves differently than the product expects.
1346 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
1347 CWE-441,EN-Unintended Proxy or Intermediary (Confused Deputy) (Type: Class),"The software receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the software does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the software's control sphere. This causes the software to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.
1348 If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
9351349 Since proxy functionality and message-forwarding often serve a legitimate purpose, this issue only becomes a vulnerability when:
9361350 The software runs with different privileges or on a different system, or otherwise has different levels of access than the upstream component;
9371351 The attacker is prevented from making the request directly to the target; and
9381352 The attacker can create a request that the proxy does not explicitly intend to be forwarded on the behalf of the requester. Such a request might point to an unexpected hostname, port number, or service. Or, the request might be sent to an allowed service, but the request could contain disallowed directives, commands, or resources.",,Unknown,The Confused Deputy (or why capabilities might have been invented): http://www.cap-lore.com/CapTheory/ConfusedDeputy.html
939 CWE-443,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): HTTP response splitting (Type: Base),This weakness can be found at CWE-113.,"If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
1353 CWE-443,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): HTTP response splitting (Type: Base),"This weakness can be found at CWE-113.
1354 If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
9401355 Since proxy functionality and message-forwarding often serve a legitimate purpose, this issue only becomes a vulnerability when:
9411356 The software runs with different privileges or on a different system, or otherwise has different levels of access than the upstream component;
9421357 The attacker is prevented from making the request directly to the target; and
9431358 The attacker can create a request that the proxy does not explicitly intend to be forwarded on the behalf of the requester. Such a request might point to an unexpected hostname, port number, or service. Or, the request might be sent to an allowed service, but the request could contain disallowed directives, commands, or resources.",,Unknown,
944 CWE-444,Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (HTTP Request Smuggling) (Type: Base),"When malformed or abnormal HTTP requests are interpreted by one or more entities in the data flow between the user and the web server, such as a proxy or firewall, they can be interpreted inconsistently, allowing the attacker to ""smuggle"" a request to one device without the other device being aware of it.","If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
1359 CWE-444,EN-Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (HTTP Request Smuggling) (Type: Base),"When malformed or abnormal HTTP requests are interpreted by one or more entities in the data flow between the user and the web server, such as a proxy or firewall, they can be interpreted inconsistently, allowing the attacker to ""smuggle"" a request to one device without the other device being aware of it.
1360 If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
9451361 Since proxy functionality and message-forwarding often serve a legitimate purpose, this issue only becomes a vulnerability when:
9461362 The software runs with different privileges or on a different system, or otherwise has different levels of access than the upstream component;
9471363 The attacker is prevented from making the request directly to the target; and
9481364 The attacker can create a request that the proxy does not explicitly intend to be forwarded on the behalf of the requester. Such a request might point to an unexpected hostname, port number, or service. Or, the request might be sent to an allowed service, but the request could contain disallowed directives, commands, or resources.",,Unknown,HTTP Request Smuggling: http://www.cgisecurity.com/lib/HTTP-Request-Smuggling.pdf
949 CWE-446,UI Discrepancy for Security Feature (Type: Base),"The user interface does not correctly enable or configure a security feature, but the interface provides feedback that causes the user to believe that the feature is in a secure state.","When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
950 CWE-447,Unimplemented or Unsupported Feature in UI (Type: Base),"A UI function for a security feature appears to be supported and gives feedback to the user that suggests that it is supported, but the underlying functionality is not implemented.","When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
951 CWE-448,Obsolete Feature in UI (Type: Base),A UI function is obsolete and the product does not warn the user.,"When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
952 CWE-449,The UI Performs the Wrong Action (Type: Base),The UI performs the wrong action with respect to the user's request.,"When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
953 CWE-45,Path Equivalence: file...name (Multiple Internal Dot) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal dot ('file...dir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
954 CWE-450,Multiple Interpretations of UI Input (Type: Base),The UI has multiple interpretations of user input but does not prompt the user when it selects the less secure interpretation.,"When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
955 CWE-451,UI Misrepresentation of Critical Information (Type: Base),"The UI does not properly represent critical information to the user, allowing the information - or its source - to be obscured or spoofed. This is often a component in phishing attacks.","When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
956 CWE-453,Insecure Default Variable Initialization (Type: Base),"The software, by default, initializes an internal variable with an insecure or less secure value than is possible.","When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
957 CWE-454,External Initialization of Trusted Variables or Data Stores (Type: Base),The software initializes critical internal variables or data stores using inputs that can be modified by untrusted actors.,"A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,
958 CWE-455,Non-exit on Failed Initialization (Type: Base),"The software does not exit or otherwise modify its operation when security-relevant errors occur during initialization, such as when a configuration file has a format error, which can cause the software to execute in a less secure fashion than intended by the administrator.","A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,
959 CWE-456,Missing Initialization of a Variable (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize critical variables, which causes the execution environment to use unexpected values.","A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
960 CWE-458,DEPRECATED: Incorrect Initialization (Type: Base),"This weakness has been deprecated because its name and description did not match. The description duplicated CWE-454, while the name suggested a more abstract initialization problem. Please refer to CWE-665 for the more abstract problem.","In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
961 CWE-459,Incomplete Cleanup (Type: Base),"The software does not properly ""clean up"" and remove temporary or supporting resources after they have been used.","In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
962 CWE-46,Path Equivalence: filename (Trailing Space) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing space ('filedir ') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
963 CWE-463,Deletion of Data Structure Sentinel (Type: Base),The accidental deletion of a data-structure sentinel can cause serious programming logic problems.,"Often times data-structure sentinels are used to mark structure of the data structure. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings. Another common example is linked lists which may contain a sentinel to mark the end of the list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the deletion or modification outside of some wrapper interface which provides safety.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""NUL-Termination Problems"", Page 452."
964 CWE-466,Return of Pointer Value Outside of Expected Range (Type: Base),A function can return a pointer to memory that is outside of the buffer that the pointer is expected to reference.,"Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
965 CWE-47,Path Equivalence: filename (Leading Space) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of leading space (' filedir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Unknown,
966 CWE-470,Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (Unsafe Reflection) (Type: Base),"The application uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.","If the application uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the application to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the application's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the application's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the application.",,Unknown,
967 CWE-471,Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) (Type: Base),The software does not properly protect an assumed-immutable element from being modified by an attacker.,"If the application uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the application to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the application's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the application's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the application.",,Unknown,
968 CWE-472,External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter (Type: Base),"The web application does not sufficiently verify inputs that are assumed to be immutable but are actually externally controllable, such as hidden form fields.","If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
1365 CWE-446,EN-UI Discrepancy for Security Feature (Type: Base),"The user interface does not correctly enable or configure a security feature, but the interface provides feedback that causes the user to believe that the feature is in a secure state.
1366 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1367 CWE-447,EN-Unimplemented or Unsupported Feature in UI (Type: Base),"A UI function for a security feature appears to be supported and gives feedback to the user that suggests that it is supported, but the underlying functionality is not implemented.
1368 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1369 CWE-448,EN-Obsolete Feature in UI (Type: Base),"A UI function is obsolete and the product does not warn the user.
1370 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1371 CWE-449,EN-The UI Performs the Wrong Action (Type: Base),"The UI performs the wrong action with respect to the user's request.
1372 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1373 CWE-45,EN-Path Equivalence: file...name (Multiple Internal Dot) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal dot ('file...dir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1374 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1375 CWE-450,EN-Multiple Interpretations of UI Input (Type: Base),"The UI has multiple interpretations of user input but does not prompt the user when it selects the less secure interpretation.
1376 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1377 CWE-451,EN-UI Misrepresentation of Critical Information (Type: Base),"The UI does not properly represent critical information to the user, allowing the information - or its source - to be obscured or spoofed. This is often a component in phishing attacks.
1378 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1379 CWE-453,EN-Insecure Default Variable Initialization (Type: Base),"The software, by default, initializes an internal variable with an insecure or less secure value than is possible.
1380 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1381 CWE-454,EN-External Initialization of Trusted Variables or Data Stores (Type: Base),"The software initializes critical internal variables or data stores using inputs that can be modified by untrusted actors.
1382 A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,
1383 CWE-455,EN-Non-exit on Failed Initialization (Type: Base),"The software does not exit or otherwise modify its operation when security-relevant errors occur during initialization, such as when a configuration file has a format error, which can cause the software to execute in a less secure fashion than intended by the administrator.
1384 A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,
1385 CWE-456,EN-Missing Initialization of a Variable (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize critical variables, which causes the execution environment to use unexpected values.
1386 A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
1387 CWE-458,EN-DEPRECATED: Incorrect Initialization (Type: Base),"This weakness has been deprecated because its name and description did not match. The description duplicated CWE-454, while the name suggested a more abstract initialization problem. Please refer to CWE-665 for the more abstract problem.
1388 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
1389 CWE-459,EN-Incomplete Cleanup (Type: Base),"The software does not properly ""clean up"" and remove temporary or supporting resources after they have been used.
1390 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
1391 CWE-46,EN-Path Equivalence: filename (Trailing Space) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing space ('filedir ') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1392 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
1393 CWE-463,EN-Deletion of Data Structure Sentinel (Type: Base),"The accidental deletion of a data-structure sentinel can cause serious programming logic problems.
1394 Often times data-structure sentinels are used to mark structure of the data structure. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings. Another common example is linked lists which may contain a sentinel to mark the end of the list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the deletion or modification outside of some wrapper interface which provides safety.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""NUL-Termination Problems"", Page 452."
1395 CWE-466,EN-Return of Pointer Value Outside of Expected Range (Type: Base),"A function can return a pointer to memory that is outside of the buffer that the pointer is expected to reference.
1396 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
1397 CWE-47,EN-Path Equivalence: filename (Leading Space) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of leading space (' filedir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1398 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Unknown,
1399 CWE-470,EN-Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (Unsafe Reflection) (Type: Base),"The application uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.
1400 If the application uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the application to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the application's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the application's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the application.",,Unknown,
1401 CWE-471,EN-Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly protect an assumed-immutable element from being modified by an attacker.
1402 If the application uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the application to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the application's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the application's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the application.",,Unknown,
1403 CWE-472,EN-External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter (Type: Base),"The web application does not sufficiently verify inputs that are assumed to be immutable but are actually externally controllable, such as hidden form fields.
1404 If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
9691405 For example, custom cookies commonly store session data or persistent data across sessions. This kind of session data is normally involved in security related decisions on the server side, such as user authentication and access control. Thus, the cookies might contain sensitive data such as user credentials and privileges. This is a dangerous practice, as it can often lead to improper reliance on the value of the client-provided cookie by the server side application.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 4: Use of Magic URLs, Predictable Cookies, and Hidden Form Fields."" Page 75
9701406 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""Embedding State in HTML and URLs"", Page 1032."
971 CWE-473,PHP External Variable Modification (Type: Variant),"A PHP application does not properly protect against the modification of variables from external sources, such as query parameters or cookies. This can expose the application to numerous weaknesses that would not exist otherwise.","If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
1407 CWE-473,EN-PHP External Variable Modification (Type: Variant),"A PHP application does not properly protect against the modification of variables from external sources, such as query parameters or cookies. This can expose the application to numerous weaknesses that would not exist otherwise.
1408 If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
9721409 For example, custom cookies commonly store session data or persistent data across sessions. This kind of session data is normally involved in security related decisions on the server side, such as user authentication and access control. Thus, the cookies might contain sensitive data such as user credentials and privileges. This is a dangerous practice, as it can often lead to improper reliance on the value of the client-provided cookie by the server side application.",,Unknown,
973 CWE-474,Use of Function with Inconsistent Implementations (Type: Base),"The code uses a function that has inconsistent implementations across operating systems and versions, which might cause security-relevant portability problems.","If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
1410 CWE-474,EN-Use of Function with Inconsistent Implementations (Type: Base),"The code uses a function that has inconsistent implementations across operating systems and versions, which might cause security-relevant portability problems.
1411 If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
9741412 For example, custom cookies commonly store session data or persistent data across sessions. This kind of session data is normally involved in security related decisions on the server side, such as user authentication and access control. Thus, the cookies might contain sensitive data such as user credentials and privileges. This is a dangerous practice, as it can often lead to improper reliance on the value of the client-provided cookie by the server side application.",,Unknown,
975 CWE-475,Undefined Behavior for Input to API (Type: Base),The behavior of this function is undefined unless its control parameter is set to a specific value.,"If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
1413 CWE-475,EN-Undefined Behavior for Input to API (Type: Base),"The behavior of this function is undefined unless its control parameter is set to a specific value.
1414 If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
9761415 For example, custom cookies commonly store session data or persistent data across sessions. This kind of session data is normally involved in security related decisions on the server side, such as user authentication and access control. Thus, the cookies might contain sensitive data such as user credentials and privileges. This is a dangerous practice, as it can often lead to improper reliance on the value of the client-provided cookie by the server side application.",,Unknown,
977 CWE-477,Use of Obsolete Functions (Type: Base),"The code uses deprecated or obsolete functions, which suggests that the code has not been actively reviewed or maintained.","NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Unknown,
978 CWE-478,Missing Default Case in Switch Statement (Type: Variant),"The code does not have a default case in a switch statement, which might lead to complex logical errors and resultant weaknesses.","NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Switch Statements"", Page 337."
979 CWE-48,Path Equivalence: file name (Internal Whitespace) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of internal space ('file(SPACE)name') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
1416 CWE-477,EN-Use of Obsolete Functions (Type: Base),"The code uses deprecated or obsolete functions, which suggests that the code has not been actively reviewed or maintained.
1417 NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Unknown,
1418 CWE-478,EN-Missing Default Case in Switch Statement (Type: Variant),"The code does not have a default case in a switch statement, which might lead to complex logical errors and resultant weaknesses.
1419 NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Switch Statements"", Page 337."
1420 CWE-48,EN-Path Equivalence: file name (Internal Whitespace) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of internal space ('file(SPACE)name') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1421 Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
9801422 Many functions are not reentrant, but some of them can result in the corruption of memory if they are used in a signal handler. The function call syslog() is an example of this. In order to perform its functionality, it allocates a small amount of memory as ""scratch space."" If syslog() is suspended by a signal call and the signal handler calls syslog(), the memory used by both of these functions enters an undefined, and possibly, exploitable state. Implementations of malloc() and free() manage metadata in global structures in order to track which memory is allocated versus which memory is available, but they are non-reentrant. Simultaneous calls to these functions can cause corruption of the metadata.",,Unknown,
981 CWE-485,Insufficient Encapsulation (Type: Class),The product does not sufficiently encapsulate critical data or functionality.,"Encapsulation is about drawing strong boundaries. In a web browser that might mean ensuring that your mobile code cannot be abused by other mobile code. On the server it might mean differentiation between validated data and unvalidated data, between one user's data and another's, or between data users are allowed to see and data that they are not.",,Unknown,
982 CWE-488,Exposure of Data Element to Wrong Session (Type: Variant),"The product does not sufficiently enforce boundaries between the states of different sessions, causing data to be provided to, or used by, the wrong session.","Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
1423 CWE-485,EN-Insufficient Encapsulation (Type: Class),"The product does not sufficiently encapsulate critical data or functionality.
1424 Encapsulation is about drawing strong boundaries. In a web browser that might mean ensuring that your mobile code cannot be abused by other mobile code. On the server it might mean differentiation between validated data and unvalidated data, between one user's data and another's, or between data users are allowed to see and data that they are not.",,Unknown,
1425 CWE-488,EN-Exposure of Data Element to Wrong Session (Type: Variant),"The product does not sufficiently enforce boundaries between the states of different sessions, causing data to be provided to, or used by, the wrong session.
1426 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
9831427 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Unknown,
984 CWE-489,Leftover Debug Code (Type: Base),The application can be deployed with active debugging code that can create unintended entry points.,"Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
1428 CWE-489,EN-Leftover Debug Code (Type: Base),"The application can be deployed with active debugging code that can create unintended entry points.
1429 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
9851430 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Unknown,
986 CWE-49,Path Equivalence: filename/ (Trailing Slash) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing slash ('filedir/') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
1431 CWE-49,EN-Path Equivalence: filename/ (Trailing Slash) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing slash ('filedir/') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1432 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
9871433 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Unknown,
988 CWE-491,Public cloneable() Method Without Final (Object Hijack) (Type: Variant),"A class has a cloneable() method that is not declared final, which allows an object to be created without calling the constructor. This can cause the object to be in an unexpected state.","Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
1434 CWE-491,EN-Public cloneable() Method Without Final (Object Hijack) (Type: Variant),"A class has a cloneable() method that is not declared final, which allows an object to be created without calling the constructor. This can cause the object to be in an unexpected state.
1435 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
9891436 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Unknown,"OWASP , Attack Category : Mobile code: object hijack: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Mobile_code:_object_hijack"
990 CWE-495,Private Array-Typed Field Returned From A Public Method (Type: Variant),"The product has a method that is declared public, but returns a reference to a private array, which could then be modified in unexpected ways.","An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Unknown,
991 CWE-496,Public Data Assigned to Private Array-Typed Field (Type: Variant),Assigning public data to a private array is equivalent to giving public access to the array.,"An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Unknown,
992 CWE-497,Exposure of System Data to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),Exposing system data or debugging information helps an adversary learn about the system and form an attack plan.,"An information exposure occurs when system data or debugging information leaves the program through an output stream or logging function that makes it accessible to unauthorized parties. An attacker can also cause errors to occur by submitting unusual requests to the web application. The response to these errors can reveal detailed system information, deny service, cause security mechanisms to fail, and crash the server. An attacker can use error messages that reveal technologies, operating systems, and product versions to tune the attack against known vulnerabilities in these technologies. An application may use diagnostic methods that provide significant implementation details such as stack traces as part of its error handling mechanism.",,Unknown,
993 CWE-5,J2EE Misconfiguration: Data Transmission Without Encryption (Type: Variant),Information sent over a network can be compromised while in transit. An attacker may be able to read/modify the contents if the data are sent in plaintext or are weakly encrypted.,"Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,Unknown,
994 CWE-50,Path Equivalence: //multiple/leading/slash (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple leading slash ('//multiple/leading/slash') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,Unknown,
995 CWE-501,Trust Boundary Violation (Type: Base),The product mixes trusted and untrusted data in the same data structure or structured message.,"By combining trusted and untrusted data in the same data structure, it becomes easier for programmers to mistakenly trust unvalidated data.",,Unknown,
996 CWE-506,Embedded Malicious Code (Type: Class),The application contains code that appears to be malicious in nature.,"Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
997 CWE-507,Trojan Horse (Type: Base),"The software appears to contain benign or useful functionality, but it also contains code that is hidden from normal operation that violates the intended security policy of the user or the system administrator.","Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 7, ""Viruses, Trojans, and Worms In a Nutshell"" Page 208"
998 CWE-508,Non-Replicating Malicious Code (Type: Base),Non-replicating malicious code only resides on the target system or software that is attacked; it does not attempt to spread to other systems.,"Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
999 CWE-509,Replicating Malicious Code (Virus or Worm) (Type: Base),"Replicating malicious code, including viruses and worms, will attempt to attack other systems once it has successfully compromised the target system or software.","Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1000 CWE-51,Path Equivalence: /multiple//internal/slash (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal slash ('/multiple//internal/slash/') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1001 CWE-510,Trapdoor (Type: Base),"A trapdoor is a hidden piece of code that responds to a special input, allowing its user access to resources without passing through the normal security enforcement mechanism.","Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1002 CWE-511,Logic/Time Bomb (Type: Base),"The software contains code that is designed to disrupt the legitimate operation of the software (or its environment) when a certain time passes, or when a certain logical condition is met.","When the time bomb or logic bomb is detonated, it may perform a denial of service such as crashing the system, deleting critical data, or degrading system response time. This bomb might be placed within either a replicating or non-replicating Trojan horse.",,Unknown,Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/
1003 CWE-512,Spyware (Type: Base),"The software collects personally identifiable information about a human user or the user's activities, but the software accesses this information using other resources besides itself, and it does not require that user's explicit approval or direct input into the software.","""Spyware"" is a commonly used term with many definitions and interpretations. In general, it is meant to software that collects information or installs functionality that human users might not allow if they were fully aware of the actions being taken by the software. For example, a user might expect that tax software would collect a social security number and include it when filing a tax return, but that same user would not expect gaming software to obtain the social security number from that tax software's data.",,Unknown,
1004 CWE-514,Covert Channel (Type: Class),A covert channel is a path that can be used to transfer information in a way not intended by the system's designers.,Typically the system has not given authorization for the transmission and has no knowledge of its occurrence.,,Unknown,
1005 CWE-516,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Covert Timing Channel (Type: Base),This weakness can be found at CWE-385.,"Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1006 CWE-52,Path Equivalence: /multiple/trailing/slash// (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple trailing slash ('/multiple/trailing/slash//') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1007 CWE-520,.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Impersonation (Type: Variant),Allowing a .NET application to run at potentially escalated levels of access to the underlying operating and file systems can be dangerous and result in various forms of attacks.,"Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1008 CWE-521,Weak Password Requirements (Type: Base),"The product does not require that users should have strong passwords, which makes it easier for attackers to compromise user accounts.","An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1009 CWE-522,Insufficiently Protected Credentials (Type: Base),This weakness occurs when the application transmits or stores authentication credentials and uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.,"An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1010 CWE-523,Unprotected Transport of Credentials (Type: Variant),Login pages not using adequate measures to protect the user name and password while they are in transit from the client to the server.,"An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1011 CWE-524,Information Exposure Through Caching (Type: Variant),"The application uses a cache to maintain a pool of objects, threads, connections, pages, or passwords to minimize the time it takes to access them or the resources to which they connect. If implemented improperly, these caches can allow access to unauthorized information or cause a denial of service vulnerability.","An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1012 CWE-525,Information Exposure Through Browser Caching (Type: Variant),"For each web page, the application should have an appropriate caching policy specifying the extent to which the page and its form fields should be cached.","An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1013 CWE-526,Information Exposure Through Environmental Variables (Type: Variant),Environmental variables may contain sensitive information about a remote server.,"An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1014 CWE-527,Exposure of CVS Repository to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),The product stores a CVS repository in a directory or other container that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,"Information contained within a CVS subdirectory on a web server or other server could be recovered by an attacker and used for malicious purposes. This information may include usernames, filenames, path root, and IP addresses.",,Unknown,
1015 CWE-528,Exposure of Core Dump File to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),The product generates a core dump file in a directory that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,"Information contained within a CVS subdirectory on a web server or other server could be recovered by an attacker and used for malicious purposes. This information may include usernames, filenames, path root, and IP addresses.",,Unknown,
1016 CWE-529,Exposure of Access Control List Files to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),The product stores access control list files in a directory or other container that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,Exposure of these access control list files may give the attacker information about the configuration of the site or system. This information may then be used to bypass the intended security policy or identify trusted systems from which an attack can be launched.,,Unknown,
1017 CWE-53,Path Equivalence: \multiple\\internal\backslash (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal backslash ('\multiple\trailing\\slash') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,Exposure of these access control list files may give the attacker information about the configuration of the site or system. This information may then be used to bypass the intended security policy or identify trusted systems from which an attack can be launched.,,Unknown,
1018 CWE-530,Exposure of Backup File to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),A backup file is stored in a directory that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,"Often, old files are renamed with an extension such as .~bk to distinguish them from production files. The source code for old files that have been renamed in this manner and left in the webroot can often be retrieved. This renaming may have been performed automatically by the web server, or manually by the administrator.",,Unknown,
1019 CWE-531,Information Exposure Through Test Code (Type: Variant),"Accessible test applications can pose a variety of security risks. Since developers or administrators rarely consider that someone besides themselves would even know about the existence of these applications, it is common for them to contain sensitive information or functions.","Often, old files are renamed with an extension such as .~bk to distinguish them from production files. The source code for old files that have been renamed in this manner and left in the webroot can often be retrieved. This renaming may have been performed automatically by the web server, or manually by the administrator.",,Unknown,
1020 CWE-533,Information Exposure Through Server Log Files (Type: Variant),"A server.log file was found. This can give information on whatever application left the file. Usually this can give full path names and system information, and sometimes usernames and passwords.","While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1021 CWE-534,Information Exposure Through Debug Log Files (Type: Variant),The application does not sufficiently restrict access to a log file that is used for debugging.,"While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1022 CWE-535,Information Exposure Through Shell Error Message (Type: Variant),"A command shell error message indicates that there exists an unhandled exception in the web application code. In many cases, an attacker can leverage the conditions that cause these errors in order to gain unauthorized access to the system.","While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1023 CWE-536,Information Exposure Through Servlet Runtime Error Message (Type: Variant),A servlet error message indicates that there exists an unhandled exception in your web application code and may provide useful information to an attacker.,"While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1024 CWE-537,Information Exposure Through Java Runtime Error Message (Type: Variant),"In many cases, an attacker can leverage the conditions that cause unhandled exception errors in order to gain unauthorized access to the system.","While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1025 CWE-538,File and Directory Information Exposure (Type: Base),The product stores sensitive information in files or directories that are accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,"While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191"
1026 CWE-539,Information Exposure Through Persistent Cookies (Type: Variant),Persistent cookies are cookies that are stored on the browser's hard drive. This can cause security and privacy issues depending on the information stored in the cookie and how it is accessed.,"Cookies are small bits of data that are sent by the web application but stored locally in the browser. This lets the application use the cookie to pass information between pages and store variable information. The web application controls what information is stored in a cookie and how it is used. Typical types of information stored in cookies are session Identifiers, personalization and customization information, and in rare cases even usernames to enable automated logins. There are two different types of cookies: session cookies and persistent cookies. Session cookies just live in the browser's memory, and are not stored anywhere, but persistent cookies are stored on the browser's hard drive.",,Unknown,
1027 CWE-54,Path Equivalence: filedir\ (Trailing Backslash) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing backslash ('filedir\') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Cookies are small bits of data that are sent by the web application but stored locally in the browser. This lets the application use the cookie to pass information between pages and store variable information. The web application controls what information is stored in a cookie and how it is used. Typical types of information stored in cookies are session Identifiers, personalization and customization information, and in rare cases even usernames to enable automated logins. There are two different types of cookies: session cookies and persistent cookies. Session cookies just live in the browser's memory, and are not stored anywhere, but persistent cookies are stored on the browser's hard drive.",,Unknown,
1028 CWE-540,Information Exposure Through Source Code (Type: Variant),Source code on a web server often contains sensitive information and should generally not be accessible to users.,"There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1029 CWE-541,Information Exposure Through Include Source Code (Type: Variant),"If an include file source is accessible, the file can contain usernames and passwords, as well as sensitive information pertaining to the application and system.","There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1030 CWE-542,Information Exposure Through Cleanup Log Files (Type: Variant),The application does not properly protect or delete a log file related to cleanup.,"There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1031 CWE-543,Use of Singleton Pattern Without Synchronization in a Multithreaded Context (Type: Variant),The software uses the singleton pattern when creating a resource within a multithreaded environment.,The use of a singleton pattern may not be thread-safe.,,Unknown,Thread-Specifc Storage for C/C++: http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/PDF/TSS-pattern.pdf
1032 CWE-544,Missing Standardized Error Handling Mechanism (Type: Base),"The software does not use a standardized method for handling errors throughout the code, which might introduce inconsistent error handling and resultant weaknesses.","If the application handles error messages individually, on a one-by-one basis, this is likely to result in inconsistent error handling. The causes of errors may be lost. Also, detailed information about the causes of an error may be unintentionally returned to the user.",,Unknown,
1033 CWE-545,Use of Dynamic Class Loading (Type: Variant),Dynamically loaded code has the potential to be malicious.,"If the application handles error messages individually, on a one-by-one basis, this is likely to result in inconsistent error handling. The causes of errors may be lost. Also, detailed information about the causes of an error may be unintentionally returned to the user.",,Unknown,
1034 CWE-546,Suspicious Comment (Type: Variant),"The code contains comments that suggest the presence of bugs, incomplete functionality, or weaknesses.","Many suspicious comments, such as BUG, HACK, FIXME, LATER, LATER2, TODO, in the code indicate missing security functionality and checking. Others indicate code problems that programmers should fix, such as hard-coded variables, error handling, not using stored procedures, and performance issues.",,Unknown,
1035 CWE-547,"Use of Hard-coded, Security-relevant Constants (Type: Variant)","The program uses hard-coded constants instead of symbolic names for security-critical values, which increases the likelihood of mistakes during code maintenance or security policy change.","If the developer does not find all occurrences of the hard-coded constants, an incorrect policy decision may be made if one of the constants is not changed. Making changes to these values will require code changes that may be difficult or impossible once the system is released to the field. In addition, these hard-coded values may become available to attackers if the code is ever disclosed.",,Unknown,
1036 CWE-548,Information Exposure Through Directory Listing (Type: Variant),"A directory listing is inappropriately exposed, yielding potentially sensitive information to attackers.",A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.,,Unknown,
1037 CWE-549,Missing Password Field Masking (Type: Variant),"The software does not mask passwords during entry, increasing the potential for attackers to observe and capture passwords.",A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.,,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1038 CWE-55,Path Equivalence: /./ (Single Dot Directory) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of single dot directory exploit ('/./') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.,,Unknown,
1039 CWE-550,Information Exposure Through Server Error Message (Type: Variant),"Certain conditions, such as network failure, will cause a server error message to be displayed.","While error messages in and of themselves are not dangerous, per se, it is what an attacker can glean from them that might cause eventual problems.",,Unknown,
1040 CWE-551,Incorrect Behavior Order: Authorization Before Parsing and Canonicalization (Type: Base),"If a web server does not fully parse requested URLs before it examines them for authorization, it may be possible for an attacker to bypass authorization protection.","For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1041 CWE-552,Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties (Type: Base),Files or directories are accessible in the environment that should not be.,"For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1042 CWE-553,Command Shell in Externally Accessible Directory (Type: Variant),A possible shell file exists in /cgi-bin/ or other accessible directories. This is extremely dangerous and can be used by an attacker to execute commands on the web server.,"For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1043 CWE-554,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Not Using Input Validation Framework (Type: Variant),The ASP.NET application does not use an input validation framework.,"For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1044 CWE-555,J2EE Misconfiguration: Plaintext Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),The J2EE application stores a plaintext password in a configuration file.,"Storing a plaintext password in a configuration file allows anyone who can read the file to access the password-protected resource, making it an easy target for attackers.",,Unknown,
1045 CWE-556,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Identity Impersonation (Type: Variant),Configuring an ASP.NET application to run with impersonated credentials may give the application unnecessary privileges.,The use of impersonated credentials allows an ASP.NET application to run with either the privileges of the client on whose behalf it is executing or with arbitrary privileges granted in its configuration.,,Unknown,
1046 CWE-558,Use of getlogin() in Multithreaded Application (Type: Variant),"The application uses the getlogin() function in a multithreaded context, potentially causing it to return incorrect values.","The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1047 CWE-56,Path Equivalence: filedir* (Wildcard) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of asterisk wildcard ('filedir*') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1048 CWE-560,Use of umask() with chmod-style Argument (Type: Variant),The product calls umask() with an incorrect argument that is specified as if it is an argument to chmod().,"The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1049 CWE-561,Dead Code (Type: Variant),"The software contains dead code, which can never be executed.",Dead code is source code that can never be executed in a running program. The surrounding code makes it impossible for a section of code to ever be executed.,,Unknown,
1050 CWE-562,Return of Stack Variable Address (Type: Base),"A function returns the address of a stack variable, which will cause unintended program behavior, typically in the form of a crash.",Dead code is source code that can never be executed in a running program. The surrounding code makes it impossible for a section of code to ever be executed.,,Unknown,
1051 CWE-563,Unused Variable (Type: Variant),"The variable's value is assigned but never used, making it a dead store.","It is likely that the variable is simply vestigial, but it is also possible that the unused variable points out a bug.",,Unknown,
1052 CWE-564,SQL Injection: Hibernate (Type: Variant),Using Hibernate to execute a dynamic SQL statement built with user-controlled input can allow an attacker to modify the statement's meaning or to execute arbitrary SQL commands.,"It is likely that the variable is simply vestigial, but it is also possible that the unused variable points out a bug.",,Unknown,
1053 CWE-565,Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking (Type: Base),"The application relies on the existence or values of cookies when performing security-critical operations, but it does not properly ensure that the setting is valid for the associated user.","Attackers can easily modify cookies, within the browser or by implementing the client-side code outside of the browser. Reliance on cookies without detailed validation and integrity checking can allow attackers to bypass authentication, conduct injection attacks such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting, or otherwise modify inputs in unexpected ways.",,Unknown,
1054 CWE-566,Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled SQL Primary Key (Type: Variant),"The software uses a database table that includes records that should not be accessible to an actor, but it executes a SQL statement with a primary key that can be controlled by that actor.","When a user can set a primary key to any value, then the user can modify the key to point to unauthorized records.
1437 CWE-495,EN-Private Array-Typed Field Returned From A Public Method (Type: Variant),"The product has a method that is declared public, but returns a reference to a private array, which could then be modified in unexpected ways.
1438 An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Unknown,
1439 CWE-496,EN-Public Data Assigned to Private Array-Typed Field (Type: Variant),"Assigning public data to a private array is equivalent to giving public access to the array.
1440 An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Unknown,
1441 CWE-497,EN-Exposure of System Data to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"Exposing system data or debugging information helps an adversary learn about the system and form an attack plan.
1442 An information exposure occurs when system data or debugging information leaves the program through an output stream or logging function that makes it accessible to unauthorized parties. An attacker can also cause errors to occur by submitting unusual requests to the web application. The response to these errors can reveal detailed system information, deny service, cause security mechanisms to fail, and crash the server. An attacker can use error messages that reveal technologies, operating systems, and product versions to tune the attack against known vulnerabilities in these technologies. An application may use diagnostic methods that provide significant implementation details such as stack traces as part of its error handling mechanism.",,Unknown,
1443 CWE-5,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Data Transmission Without Encryption (Type: Variant),"Information sent over a network can be compromised while in transit. An attacker may be able to read/modify the contents if the data are sent in plaintext or are weakly encrypted.
1444 Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,Unknown,
1445 CWE-50,EN-Path Equivalence: //multiple/leading/slash (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple leading slash ('//multiple/leading/slash') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1446 Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,Unknown,
1447 CWE-501,EN-Trust Boundary Violation (Type: Base),"The product mixes trusted and untrusted data in the same data structure or structured message.
1448 By combining trusted and untrusted data in the same data structure, it becomes easier for programmers to mistakenly trust unvalidated data.",,Unknown,
1449 CWE-506,EN-Embedded Malicious Code (Type: Class),"The application contains code that appears to be malicious in nature.
1450 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1451 CWE-507,EN-Trojan Horse (Type: Base),"The software appears to contain benign or useful functionality, but it also contains code that is hidden from normal operation that violates the intended security policy of the user or the system administrator.
1452 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 7, ""Viruses, Trojans, and Worms In a Nutshell"" Page 208"
1453 CWE-508,EN-Non-Replicating Malicious Code (Type: Base),"Non-replicating malicious code only resides on the target system or software that is attacked; it does not attempt to spread to other systems.
1454 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1455 CWE-509,EN-Replicating Malicious Code (Virus or Worm) (Type: Base),"Replicating malicious code, including viruses and worms, will attempt to attack other systems once it has successfully compromised the target system or software.
1456 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1457 CWE-51,EN-Path Equivalence: /multiple//internal/slash (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal slash ('/multiple//internal/slash/') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1458 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1459 CWE-510,EN-Trapdoor (Type: Base),"A trapdoor is a hidden piece of code that responds to a special input, allowing its user access to resources without passing through the normal security enforcement mechanism.
1460 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1461 CWE-511,EN-Logic/Time Bomb (Type: Base),"The software contains code that is designed to disrupt the legitimate operation of the software (or its environment) when a certain time passes, or when a certain logical condition is met.
1462 When the time bomb or logic bomb is detonated, it may perform a denial of service such as crashing the system, deleting critical data, or degrading system response time. This bomb might be placed within either a replicating or non-replicating Trojan horse.",,Unknown,Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/
1463 CWE-512,EN-Spyware (Type: Base),"The software collects personally identifiable information about a human user or the user's activities, but the software accesses this information using other resources besides itself, and it does not require that user's explicit approval or direct input into the software.
1464 ""Spyware"" is a commonly used term with many definitions and interpretations. In general, it is meant to software that collects information or installs functionality that human users might not allow if they were fully aware of the actions being taken by the software. For example, a user might expect that tax software would collect a social security number and include it when filing a tax return, but that same user would not expect gaming software to obtain the social security number from that tax software's data.",,Unknown,
1465 CWE-514,EN-Covert Channel (Type: Class),"A covert channel is a path that can be used to transfer information in a way not intended by the system's designers.
1466 Typically the system has not given authorization for the transmission and has no knowledge of its occurrence.",,Unknown,
1467 CWE-516,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Covert Timing Channel (Type: Base),"This weakness can be found at CWE-385.
1468 Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1469 CWE-52,EN-Path Equivalence: /multiple/trailing/slash// (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple trailing slash ('/multiple/trailing/slash//') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1470 Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1471 CWE-520,EN-.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Impersonation (Type: Variant),"Allowing a .NET application to run at potentially escalated levels of access to the underlying operating and file systems can be dangerous and result in various forms of attacks.
1472 Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1473 CWE-521,EN-Weak Password Requirements (Type: Base),"The product does not require that users should have strong passwords, which makes it easier for attackers to compromise user accounts.
1474 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1475 CWE-522,EN-Insufficiently Protected Credentials (Type: Base),"This weakness occurs when the application transmits or stores authentication credentials and uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1476 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1477 CWE-523,EN-Unprotected Transport of Credentials (Type: Variant),"Login pages not using adequate measures to protect the user name and password while they are in transit from the client to the server.
1478 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1479 CWE-524,EN-Information Exposure Through Caching (Type: Variant),"The application uses a cache to maintain a pool of objects, threads, connections, pages, or passwords to minimize the time it takes to access them or the resources to which they connect. If implemented improperly, these caches can allow access to unauthorized information or cause a denial of service vulnerability.
1480 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1481 CWE-525,EN-Information Exposure Through Browser Caching (Type: Variant),"For each web page, the application should have an appropriate caching policy specifying the extent to which the page and its form fields should be cached.
1482 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1483 CWE-526,EN-Information Exposure Through Environmental Variables (Type: Variant),"Environmental variables may contain sensitive information about a remote server.
1484 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1485 CWE-527,EN-Exposure of CVS Repository to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"The product stores a CVS repository in a directory or other container that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1486 Information contained within a CVS subdirectory on a web server or other server could be recovered by an attacker and used for malicious purposes. This information may include usernames, filenames, path root, and IP addresses.",,Unknown,
1487 CWE-528,EN-Exposure of Core Dump File to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"The product generates a core dump file in a directory that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1488 Information contained within a CVS subdirectory on a web server or other server could be recovered by an attacker and used for malicious purposes. This information may include usernames, filenames, path root, and IP addresses.",,Unknown,
1489 CWE-529,EN-Exposure of Access Control List Files to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"The product stores access control list files in a directory or other container that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1490 Exposure of these access control list files may give the attacker information about the configuration of the site or system. This information may then be used to bypass the intended security policy or identify trusted systems from which an attack can be launched.",,Unknown,
1491 CWE-53,EN-Path Equivalence: \multiple\\internal\backslash (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal backslash ('\multiple\trailing\\slash') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1492 Exposure of these access control list files may give the attacker information about the configuration of the site or system. This information may then be used to bypass the intended security policy or identify trusted systems from which an attack can be launched.",,Unknown,
1493 CWE-530,EN-Exposure of Backup File to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"A backup file is stored in a directory that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1494 Often, old files are renamed with an extension such as .~bk to distinguish them from production files. The source code for old files that have been renamed in this manner and left in the webroot can often be retrieved. This renaming may have been performed automatically by the web server, or manually by the administrator.",,Unknown,
1495 CWE-531,EN-Information Exposure Through Test Code (Type: Variant),"Accessible test applications can pose a variety of security risks. Since developers or administrators rarely consider that someone besides themselves would even know about the existence of these applications, it is common for them to contain sensitive information or functions.
1496 Often, old files are renamed with an extension such as .~bk to distinguish them from production files. The source code for old files that have been renamed in this manner and left in the webroot can often be retrieved. This renaming may have been performed automatically by the web server, or manually by the administrator.",,Unknown,
1497 CWE-533,EN-Information Exposure Through Server Log Files (Type: Variant),"A server.log file was found. This can give information on whatever application left the file. Usually this can give full path names and system information, and sometimes usernames and passwords.
1498 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1499 CWE-534,EN-Information Exposure Through Debug Log Files (Type: Variant),"The application does not sufficiently restrict access to a log file that is used for debugging.
1500 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1501 CWE-535,EN-Information Exposure Through Shell Error Message (Type: Variant),"A command shell error message indicates that there exists an unhandled exception in the web application code. In many cases, an attacker can leverage the conditions that cause these errors in order to gain unauthorized access to the system.
1502 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1503 CWE-536,EN-Information Exposure Through Servlet Runtime Error Message (Type: Variant),"A servlet error message indicates that there exists an unhandled exception in your web application code and may provide useful information to an attacker.
1504 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1505 CWE-537,EN-Information Exposure Through Java Runtime Error Message (Type: Variant),"In many cases, an attacker can leverage the conditions that cause unhandled exception errors in order to gain unauthorized access to the system.
1506 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1507 CWE-538,EN-File and Directory Information Exposure (Type: Base),"The product stores sensitive information in files or directories that are accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1508 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191"
1509 CWE-539,EN-Information Exposure Through Persistent Cookies (Type: Variant),"Persistent cookies are cookies that are stored on the browser's hard drive. This can cause security and privacy issues depending on the information stored in the cookie and how it is accessed.
1510 Cookies are small bits of data that are sent by the web application but stored locally in the browser. This lets the application use the cookie to pass information between pages and store variable information. The web application controls what information is stored in a cookie and how it is used. Typical types of information stored in cookies are session Identifiers, personalization and customization information, and in rare cases even usernames to enable automated logins. There are two different types of cookies: session cookies and persistent cookies. Session cookies just live in the browser's memory, and are not stored anywhere, but persistent cookies are stored on the browser's hard drive.",,Unknown,
1511 CWE-54,EN-Path Equivalence: filedir\ (Trailing Backslash) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing backslash ('filedir\') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1512 Cookies are small bits of data that are sent by the web application but stored locally in the browser. This lets the application use the cookie to pass information between pages and store variable information. The web application controls what information is stored in a cookie and how it is used. Typical types of information stored in cookies are session Identifiers, personalization and customization information, and in rare cases even usernames to enable automated logins. There are two different types of cookies: session cookies and persistent cookies. Session cookies just live in the browser's memory, and are not stored anywhere, but persistent cookies are stored on the browser's hard drive.",,Unknown,
1513 CWE-540,EN-Information Exposure Through Source Code (Type: Variant),"Source code on a web server often contains sensitive information and should generally not be accessible to users.
1514 There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1515 CWE-541,EN-Information Exposure Through Include Source Code (Type: Variant),"If an include file source is accessible, the file can contain usernames and passwords, as well as sensitive information pertaining to the application and system.
1516 There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1517 CWE-542,EN-Information Exposure Through Cleanup Log Files (Type: Variant),"The application does not properly protect or delete a log file related to cleanup.
1518 There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1519 CWE-543,EN-Use of Singleton Pattern Without Synchronization in a Multithreaded Context (Type: Variant),"The software uses the singleton pattern when creating a resource within a multithreaded environment.
1520 The use of a singleton pattern may not be thread-safe.",,Unknown,Thread-Specifc Storage for C/C++: http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/PDF/TSS-pattern.pdf
1521 CWE-544,EN-Missing Standardized Error Handling Mechanism (Type: Base),"The software does not use a standardized method for handling errors throughout the code, which might introduce inconsistent error handling and resultant weaknesses.
1522 If the application handles error messages individually, on a one-by-one basis, this is likely to result in inconsistent error handling. The causes of errors may be lost. Also, detailed information about the causes of an error may be unintentionally returned to the user.",,Unknown,
1523 CWE-545,EN-Use of Dynamic Class Loading (Type: Variant),"Dynamically loaded code has the potential to be malicious.
1524 If the application handles error messages individually, on a one-by-one basis, this is likely to result in inconsistent error handling. The causes of errors may be lost. Also, detailed information about the causes of an error may be unintentionally returned to the user.",,Unknown,
1525 CWE-546,EN-Suspicious Comment (Type: Variant),"The code contains comments that suggest the presence of bugs, incomplete functionality, or weaknesses.
1526 Many suspicious comments, such as BUG, HACK, FIXME, LATER, LATER2, TODO, in the code indicate missing security functionality and checking. Others indicate code problems that programmers should fix, such as hard-coded variables, error handling, not using stored procedures, and performance issues.",,Unknown,
1527 CWE-547,"EN-Use of Hard-coded, Security-relevant Constants (Type: Variant)","The program uses hard-coded constants instead of symbolic names for security-critical values, which increases the likelihood of mistakes during code maintenance or security policy change.
1528 If the developer does not find all occurrences of the hard-coded constants, an incorrect policy decision may be made if one of the constants is not changed. Making changes to these values will require code changes that may be difficult or impossible once the system is released to the field. In addition, these hard-coded values may become available to attackers if the code is ever disclosed.",,Unknown,
1529 CWE-548,EN-Information Exposure Through Directory Listing (Type: Variant),"A directory listing is inappropriately exposed, yielding potentially sensitive information to attackers.
1530 A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.",,Unknown,
1531 CWE-549,EN-Missing Password Field Masking (Type: Variant),"The software does not mask passwords during entry, increasing the potential for attackers to observe and capture passwords.
1532 A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1533 CWE-55,EN-Path Equivalence: /./ (Single Dot Directory) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of single dot directory exploit ('/./') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1534 A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.",,Unknown,
1535 CWE-550,EN-Information Exposure Through Server Error Message (Type: Variant),"Certain conditions, such as network failure, will cause a server error message to be displayed.
1536 While error messages in and of themselves are not dangerous, per se, it is what an attacker can glean from them that might cause eventual problems.",,Unknown,
1537 CWE-551,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Authorization Before Parsing and Canonicalization (Type: Base),"If a web server does not fully parse requested URLs before it examines them for authorization, it may be possible for an attacker to bypass authorization protection.
1538 For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1539 CWE-552,EN-Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties (Type: Base),"Files or directories are accessible in the environment that should not be.
1540 For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1541 CWE-553,EN-Command Shell in Externally Accessible Directory (Type: Variant),"A possible shell file exists in /cgi-bin/ or other accessible directories. This is extremely dangerous and can be used by an attacker to execute commands on the web server.
1542 For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1543 CWE-554,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Not Using Input Validation Framework (Type: Variant),"The ASP.NET application does not use an input validation framework.
1544 For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1545 CWE-555,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Plaintext Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application stores a plaintext password in a configuration file.
1546 Storing a plaintext password in a configuration file allows anyone who can read the file to access the password-protected resource, making it an easy target for attackers.",,Unknown,
1547 CWE-556,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Identity Impersonation (Type: Variant),"Configuring an ASP.NET application to run with impersonated credentials may give the application unnecessary privileges.
1548 The use of impersonated credentials allows an ASP.NET application to run with either the privileges of the client on whose behalf it is executing or with arbitrary privileges granted in its configuration.",,Unknown,
1549 CWE-558,EN-Use of getlogin() in Multithreaded Application (Type: Variant),"The application uses the getlogin() function in a multithreaded context, potentially causing it to return incorrect values.
1550 The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1551 CWE-56,EN-Path Equivalence: filedir* (Wildcard) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of asterisk wildcard ('filedir*') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1552 The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1553 CWE-560,EN-Use of umask() with chmod-style Argument (Type: Variant),"The product calls umask() with an incorrect argument that is specified as if it is an argument to chmod().
1554 The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1555 CWE-561,EN-Dead Code (Type: Variant),"The software contains dead code, which can never be executed.
1556 Dead code is source code that can never be executed in a running program. The surrounding code makes it impossible for a section of code to ever be executed.",,Unknown,
1557 CWE-562,EN-Return of Stack Variable Address (Type: Base),"A function returns the address of a stack variable, which will cause unintended program behavior, typically in the form of a crash.
1558 Dead code is source code that can never be executed in a running program. The surrounding code makes it impossible for a section of code to ever be executed.",,Unknown,
1559 CWE-563,EN-Unused Variable (Type: Variant),"The variable's value is assigned but never used, making it a dead store.
1560 It is likely that the variable is simply vestigial, but it is also possible that the unused variable points out a bug.",,Unknown,
1561 CWE-564,EN-SQL Injection: Hibernate (Type: Variant),"Using Hibernate to execute a dynamic SQL statement built with user-controlled input can allow an attacker to modify the statement's meaning or to execute arbitrary SQL commands.
1562 It is likely that the variable is simply vestigial, but it is also possible that the unused variable points out a bug.",,Unknown,
1563 CWE-565,EN-Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking (Type: Base),"The application relies on the existence or values of cookies when performing security-critical operations, but it does not properly ensure that the setting is valid for the associated user.
1564 Attackers can easily modify cookies, within the browser or by implementing the client-side code outside of the browser. Reliance on cookies without detailed validation and integrity checking can allow attackers to bypass authentication, conduct injection attacks such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting, or otherwise modify inputs in unexpected ways.",,Unknown,
1565 CWE-566,EN-Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled SQL Primary Key (Type: Variant),"The software uses a database table that includes records that should not be accessible to an actor, but it executes a SQL statement with a primary key that can be controlled by that actor.
1566 When a user can set a primary key to any value, then the user can modify the key to point to unauthorized records.
10551567 Database access control errors occur when:
10561568 Data enters a program from an untrusted source.
10571569 The data is used to specify the value of a primary key in a SQL query.
10581570 The untrusted source does not have the permissions to be able to access all rows in the associated table.",,Unknown,
1059 CWE-567,Unsynchronized Access to Shared Data in a Multithreaded Context (Type: Base),"The product does not properly synchronize shared data, such as static variables across threads, which can lead to undefined behavior and unpredictable data changes.","Within servlets, shared static variables are not protected from concurrent access, but servlets are multithreaded. This is a typical programming mistake in J2EE applications, since the multithreading is handled by the framework. When a shared variable can be influenced by an attacker, one thread could wind up modifying the variable to contain data that is not valid for a different thread that is also using the data within the variable.
1571 CWE-567,EN-Unsynchronized Access to Shared Data in a Multithreaded Context (Type: Base),"The product does not properly synchronize shared data, such as static variables across threads, which can lead to undefined behavior and unpredictable data changes.
1572 Within servlets, shared static variables are not protected from concurrent access, but servlets are multithreaded. This is a typical programming mistake in J2EE applications, since the multithreading is handled by the framework. When a shared variable can be influenced by an attacker, one thread could wind up modifying the variable to contain data that is not valid for a different thread that is also using the data within the variable.
10601573 Note that this weakness is not unique to servlets.",,Unknown,
1061 CWE-568,finalize() Method Without super.finalize() (Type: Variant),The software contains a finalize() method that does not call super.finalize().,The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().,,Unknown,
1062 CWE-57,Path Equivalence: fakedir/../realdir/filename (Type: Variant),"The software contains protection mechanisms to restrict access to 'realdir/filename', but it constructs pathnames using external input in the form of 'fakedir/../realdir/filename' that are not handled by those mechanisms. This allows attackers to perform unauthorized actions against the targeted file.",The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().,,Unknown,
1063 CWE-570,Expression is Always False (Type: Variant),The software contains an expression that will always evaluate to false.,The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().,,Unknown,
1064 CWE-571,Expression is Always True (Type: Variant),The software contains an expression that will always evaluate to true.,The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().,,Unknown,
1065 CWE-572,Call to Thread run() instead of start() (Type: Variant),"The program calls a thread's run() method instead of calling start(), which causes the code to run in the thread of the caller instead of the callee.","In most cases a direct call to a Thread object's run() method is a bug. The programmer intended to begin a new thread of control, but accidentally called run() instead of start(), so the run() method will execute in the caller's thread of control.",,Unknown,
1066 CWE-573,Improper Following of Specification by Caller (Type: Class),"The software does not follow or incorrectly follows the specifications as required by the implementation language, environment, framework, protocol, or platform.","When leveraging external functionality, such as an API, it is important that the caller does so in accordance with the requirements of the external functionality or else unintended behaviors may result, possibly leaving the system vulnerable to any number of exploits.",,Unknown,
1067 CWE-574,EJB Bad Practices: Use of Synchronization Primitives (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using thread synchronization primitives.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use thread synchronization primitives to synchronize execution of multiple instances."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""This rule is required to ensure consistent runtime semantics because while some EJB containers may use a single JVM to execute all enterprise bean's instances, others may distribute the instances across multiple JVMs.""",,Unknown,
1068 CWE-575,EJB Bad Practices: Use of AWT Swing (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using AWT/Swing.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use the AWT functionality to attempt to output information to a display, or to input information from a keyboard."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""Most servers do not allow direct interaction between an application program and a keyboard/display attached to the server system.""",,Unknown,
1069 CWE-576,EJB Bad Practices: Use of Java I/O (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using the java.io package.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use the java.io package to attempt to access files and directories in the file system."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""The file system APIs are not well-suited for business components to access data. Business components should use a resource manager API, such as JDBC, to store data.""",,Unknown,
1070 CWE-577,EJB Bad Practices: Use of Sockets (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using sockets.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not attempt to listen on a socket, accept connections on a socket, or use a socket for multicast."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""The EJB architecture allows an enterprise bean instance to be a network socket client, but it does not allow it to be a network server. Allowing the instance to become a network server would conflict with the basic function of the enterprise bean-- to serve the EJB clients.""",,Unknown,
1071 CWE-578,EJB Bad Practices: Use of Class Loader (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using the class loader.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""The enterprise bean must not attempt to create a class loader; obtain the current class loader; set the context class loader; set security manager; create a new security manager; stop the JVM; or change the input, output, and error streams."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""These functions are reserved for the EJB container. Allowing the enterprise bean to use these functions could compromise security and decrease the container's ability to properly manage the runtime environment.""",,Unknown,
1072 CWE-579,J2EE Bad Practices: Non-serializable Object Stored in Session (Type: Variant),"The application stores a non-serializable object as an HttpSession attribute, which can hurt reliability.","The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""The enterprise bean must not attempt to create a class loader; obtain the current class loader; set the context class loader; set security manager; create a new security manager; stop the JVM; or change the input, output, and error streams."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""These functions are reserved for the EJB container. Allowing the enterprise bean to use these functions could compromise security and decrease the container's ability to properly manage the runtime environment.""",,Unknown,
1073 CWE-58,Path Equivalence: Windows 8.3 Filename (Type: Variant),"The software contains a protection mechanism that restricts access to a long filename on a Windows operating system, but the software does not properly restrict access to the equivalent short ""8.3"" filename.","On later Windows operating systems, a file can have a ""long name"" and a short name that is compatible with older Windows file systems, with up to 8 characters in the filename and 3 characters for the extension. These ""8.3"" filenames, therefore, act as an alternate name for files with long names, so they are useful pathname equivalence manipulations.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code
1574 CWE-568,EN-finalize() Method Without super.finalize() (Type: Variant),"The software contains a finalize() method that does not call super.finalize().
1575 The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().",,Unknown,
1576 CWE-57,EN-Path Equivalence: fakedir/../realdir/filename (Type: Variant),"The software contains protection mechanisms to restrict access to 'realdir/filename', but it constructs pathnames using external input in the form of 'fakedir/../realdir/filename' that are not handled by those mechanisms. This allows attackers to perform unauthorized actions against the targeted file.
1577 The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().",,Unknown,
1578 CWE-570,EN-Expression is Always False (Type: Variant),"The software contains an expression that will always evaluate to false.
1579 The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().",,Unknown,
1580 CWE-571,EN-Expression is Always True (Type: Variant),"The software contains an expression that will always evaluate to true.
1581 The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().",,Unknown,
1582 CWE-572,EN-Call to Thread run() instead of start() (Type: Variant),"The program calls a thread's run() method instead of calling start(), which causes the code to run in the thread of the caller instead of the callee.
1583 In most cases a direct call to a Thread object's run() method is a bug. The programmer intended to begin a new thread of control, but accidentally called run() instead of start(), so the run() method will execute in the caller's thread of control.",,Unknown,
1584 CWE-573,EN-Improper Following of Specification by Caller (Type: Class),"The software does not follow or incorrectly follows the specifications as required by the implementation language, environment, framework, protocol, or platform.
1585 When leveraging external functionality, such as an API, it is important that the caller does so in accordance with the requirements of the external functionality or else unintended behaviors may result, possibly leaving the system vulnerable to any number of exploits.",,Unknown,
1586 CWE-574,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of Synchronization Primitives (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using thread synchronization primitives.
1587 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use thread synchronization primitives to synchronize execution of multiple instances."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""This rule is required to ensure consistent runtime semantics because while some EJB containers may use a single JVM to execute all enterprise bean's instances, others may distribute the instances across multiple JVMs.""",,Unknown,
1588 CWE-575,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of AWT Swing (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using AWT/Swing.
1589 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use the AWT functionality to attempt to output information to a display, or to input information from a keyboard."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""Most servers do not allow direct interaction between an application program and a keyboard/display attached to the server system.""",,Unknown,
1590 CWE-576,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of Java I/O (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using the java.io package.
1591 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use the java.io package to attempt to access files and directories in the file system."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""The file system APIs are not well-suited for business components to access data. Business components should use a resource manager API, such as JDBC, to store data.""",,Unknown,
1592 CWE-577,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of Sockets (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using sockets.
1593 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not attempt to listen on a socket, accept connections on a socket, or use a socket for multicast."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""The EJB architecture allows an enterprise bean instance to be a network socket client, but it does not allow it to be a network server. Allowing the instance to become a network server would conflict with the basic function of the enterprise bean-- to serve the EJB clients.""",,Unknown,
1594 CWE-578,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of Class Loader (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using the class loader.
1595 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""The enterprise bean must not attempt to create a class loader; obtain the current class loader; set the context class loader; set security manager; create a new security manager; stop the JVM; or change the input, output, and error streams."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""These functions are reserved for the EJB container. Allowing the enterprise bean to use these functions could compromise security and decrease the container's ability to properly manage the runtime environment.""",,Unknown,
1596 CWE-579,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Non-serializable Object Stored in Session (Type: Variant),"The application stores a non-serializable object as an HttpSession attribute, which can hurt reliability.
1597 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""The enterprise bean must not attempt to create a class loader; obtain the current class loader; set the context class loader; set security manager; create a new security manager; stop the JVM; or change the input, output, and error streams."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""These functions are reserved for the EJB container. Allowing the enterprise bean to use these functions could compromise security and decrease the container's ability to properly manage the runtime environment.""",,Unknown,
1598 CWE-58,EN-Path Equivalence: Windows 8.3 Filename (Type: Variant),"The software contains a protection mechanism that restricts access to a long filename on a Windows operating system, but the software does not properly restrict access to the equivalent short ""8.3"" filename.
1599 On later Windows operating systems, a file can have a ""long name"" and a short name that is compatible with older Windows file systems, with up to 8 characters in the filename and 3 characters for the extension. These ""8.3"" filenames, therefore, act as an alternate name for files with long names, so they are useful pathname equivalence manipulations.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code
10741600 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""DOS 8.3 Filenames"", Page 673."
1075 CWE-580,clone() Method Without super.clone() (Type: Variant),The software contains a clone() method that does not call super.clone() to obtain the new object.,"All implementations of clone() should obtain the new object by calling super.clone(). If a class does not follow this convention, a subclass's clone() method will return an object of the wrong type.",,Unknown,
1076 CWE-581,Object Model Violation: Just One of Equals and Hashcode Defined (Type: Base),The software does not maintain equal hashcodes for equal objects.,"Java objects are expected to obey a number of invariants related to equality. One of these invariants is that equal objects must have equal hashcodes. In other words, if a.equals(b) == true then a.hashCode() == b.hashCode().",,Unknown,
1077 CWE-582,"Array Declared Public, Final, and Static (Type: Variant)","The program declares an array public, final, and static, which is not sufficient to prevent the array's contents from being modified.","Because arrays are mutable objects, the final constraint requires that the array object itself be assigned only once, but makes no guarantees about the values of the array elements. Since the array is public, a malicious program can change the values stored in the array. As such, in most cases an array declared public, final and static is a bug.",,Unknown,
1078 CWE-583,finalize() Method Declared Public (Type: Variant),The program violates secure coding principles for mobile code by declaring a finalize() method public.,"A program should never call finalize explicitly, except to call super.finalize() inside an implementation of finalize(). In mobile code situations, the otherwise error prone practice of manual garbage collection can become a security threat if an attacker can maliciously invoke one of your finalize() methods because it is declared with public access.",,Unknown,
1079 CWE-584,Return Inside Finally Block (Type: Base),"The code has a return statement inside a finally block, which will cause any thrown exception in the try block to be discarded.","A program should never call finalize explicitly, except to call super.finalize() inside an implementation of finalize(). In mobile code situations, the otherwise error prone practice of manual garbage collection can become a security threat if an attacker can maliciously invoke one of your finalize() methods because it is declared with public access.",,Unknown,
1080 CWE-585,Empty Synchronized Block (Type: Variant),The software contains an empty synchronized block.,An empty synchronized block does not actually accomplish any synchronization and may indicate a troubled section of code. An empty synchronized block can occur because code no longer needed within the synchronized block is commented out without removing the synchronized block.,,Unknown,Intrinsic Locks and Synchronization (in Java): http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/concurrency/locksync.html
1081 CWE-586,Explicit Call to Finalize() (Type: Variant),The software makes an explicit call to the finalize() method from outside the finalizer.,"While the Java Language Specification allows an object's finalize() method to be called from outside the finalizer, doing so is usually a bad idea. For example, calling finalize() explicitly means that finalize() will be called more than once: the first time will be the explicit call and the last time will be the call that is made after the object is garbage collected.",,Unknown,
1082 CWE-587,Assignment of a Fixed Address to a Pointer (Type: Base),The software sets a pointer to a specific address other than NULL or 0.,Using a fixed address is not portable because that address will probably not be valid in all environments or platforms.,,Unknown,
1083 CWE-588,Attempt to Access Child of a Non-structure Pointer (Type: Variant),Casting a non-structure type to a structure type and accessing a field can lead to memory access errors or data corruption.,Using a fixed address is not portable because that address will probably not be valid in all environments or platforms.,,Unknown,
1084 CWE-589,Call to Non-ubiquitous API (Type: Variant),The software uses an API function that does not exist on all versions of the target platform. This could cause portability problems or inconsistencies that allow denial of service or other consequences.,"Some functions that offer security features supported by the OS are not available on all versions of the OS in common use. Likewise, functions are often deprecated or made obsolete for security reasons and should not be used.",,Unknown,
1085 CWE-590,Free of Memory not on the Heap (Type: Variant),"The application calls free() on a pointer to memory that was not allocated using associated heap allocation functions such as malloc(), calloc(), or realloc().","When free() is called on an invalid pointer, the program's memory management data structures may become corrupted. This corruption can cause the program to crash or, in some circumstances, an attacker may be able to cause free() to operate on controllable memory locations to modify critical program variables or execute code.",,Unknown,Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/
1086 CWE-591,Sensitive Data Storage in Improperly Locked Memory (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data in memory that is not locked, or that has been incorrectly locked, which might cause the memory to be written to swap files on disk by the virtual memory manager. This can make the data more accessible to external actors.","On Windows systems the VirtualLock function can lock a page of memory to ensure that it will remain present in memory and not be swapped to disk. However, on older versions of Windows, such as 95, 98, or Me, the VirtualLock() function is only a stub and provides no protection. On POSIX systems the mlock() call ensures that a page will stay resident in memory but does not guarantee that the page will not appear in the swap. Therefore, it is unsuitable for use as a protection mechanism for sensitive data. Some platforms, in particular Linux, do make the guarantee that the page will not be swapped, but this is non-standard and is not portable. Calls to mlock() also require supervisor privilege. Return values for both of these calls must be checked to ensure that the lock operation was actually successful.",,Unknown,
1087 CWE-592,Authentication Bypass Issues (Type: Class),"The software does not properly perform authentication, allowing it to be bypassed through various methods.","On Windows systems the VirtualLock function can lock a page of memory to ensure that it will remain present in memory and not be swapped to disk. However, on older versions of Windows, such as 95, 98, or Me, the VirtualLock() function is only a stub and provides no protection. On POSIX systems the mlock() call ensures that a page will stay resident in memory but does not guarantee that the page will not appear in the swap. Therefore, it is unsuitable for use as a protection mechanism for sensitive data. Some platforms, in particular Linux, do make the guarantee that the page will not be swapped, but this is non-standard and is not portable. Calls to mlock() also require supervisor privilege. Return values for both of these calls must be checked to ensure that the lock operation was actually successful.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
1088 CWE-593,Authentication Bypass: OpenSSL CTX Object Modified after SSL Objects are Created (Type: Variant),The software modifies the SSL context after connection creation has begun.,"If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1089 CWE-594,J2EE Framework: Saving Unserializable Objects to Disk (Type: Variant),When the J2EE container attempts to write unserializable objects to disk there is no guarantee that the process will complete successfully.,"If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1090 CWE-595,Comparison of Object References Instead of Object Contents (Type: Base),"The program compares object references instead of the contents of the objects themselves, preventing it from detecting equivalent objects.","If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1091 CWE-596,Incorrect Semantic Object Comparison (Type: Base),The software does not correctly compare two objects based on their conceptual content.,"If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1092 CWE-597,Use of Wrong Operator in String Comparison (Type: Variant),"The product uses the wrong operator when comparing a string, such as using ""=="" when the equals() method should be used instead.","In Java, using == or != to compare two strings for equality actually compares two objects for equality, not their values. Chances are good that the two references will never be equal. While this weakness often only affects program correctness, if the equality is used for a security decision, it could be leveraged to affect program security.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
1093 CWE-598,Information Exposure Through Query Strings in GET Request (Type: Variant),"The web application uses the GET method to process requests that contain sensitive information, which can expose that information through the browser's history, Referers, web logs, and other sources.","In Java, using == or != to compare two strings for equality actually compares two objects for equality, not their values. Chances are good that the two references will never be equal. While this weakness often only affects program correctness, if the equality is used for a security decision, it could be leveraged to affect program security.",,Unknown,
1094 CWE-599,Missing Validation of OpenSSL Certificate (Type: Variant),The software uses OpenSSL and trusts or uses a certificate without using the SSL_get_verify_result() function to ensure that the certificate satisfies all necessary security requirements.,"This could allow an attacker to use an invalid certificate to claim to be a trusted host, use expired certificates, or conduct other attacks that could be detected if the certificate is properly validated.",,Unknown,
1095 CWE-6,J2EE Misconfiguration: Insufficient Session-ID Length (Type: Variant),The J2EE application is configured to use an insufficient session ID length.,"If an attacker can guess or steal a session ID, then he/she may be able to take over the user's session (called session hijacking). The number of possible session IDs increases with increased session ID length, making it more difficult to guess or steal a session ID.",,Unknown,No description: http://www.securiteam.com/securityreviews/5TP0F0UEVQ.html
1096 CWE-600,Uncaught Exception in Servlet (Type: Base),"The Servlet does not catch all exceptions, which may reveal sensitive debugging information.","When a Servlet throws an exception, the default error response the Servlet container sends back to the user typically includes debugging information. This information is of great value to an attacker. For example, a stack trace might show the attacker a malformed SQL query string, the type of database being used, and the version of the application container. This information enables the attacker to target known vulnerabilities in these components.",,Unknown,
1097 CWE-603,Use of Client-Side Authentication (Type: Base),"A client/server product performs authentication within client code but not in server code, allowing server-side authentication to be bypassed via a modified client that omits the authentication check.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
1098 CWE-605,Multiple Binds to the Same Port (Type: Base),"When multiple sockets are allowed to bind to the same port, other services on that port may be stolen or spoofed.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,
1099 CWE-606,Unchecked Input for Loop Condition (Type: Base),"The product does not properly check inputs that are used for loop conditions, potentially leading to a denial of service because of excessive looping.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
1100 CWE-607,Public Static Final Field References Mutable Object (Type: Variant),"A public or protected static final field references a mutable object, which allows the object to be changed by malicious code, or accidentally from another package.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,
1101 CWE-608,Struts: Non-private Field in ActionForm Class (Type: Variant),"An ActionForm class contains a field that has not been declared private, which can be accessed without using a setter or getter.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,
1102 CWE-609,Double-Checked Locking (Type: Base),"The program uses double-checked locking to access a resource without the overhead of explicit synchronization, but the locking is insufficient.","Double-checked locking refers to the situation where a programmer checks to see if a resource has been initialized, grabs a lock, checks again to see if the resource has been initialized, and then performs the initialization if it has not occurred yet. This should not be done, as is not guaranteed to work in all languages and on all architectures. In summary, other threads may not be operating inside the synchronous block and are not guaranteed to see the operations execute in the same order as they would appear inside the synchronous block.",,Unknown,"The ""Double-Checked Locking is Broken"" Declaration: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~pugh/java/memoryModel/DoubleCheckedLocking.html
1601 CWE-580,EN-clone() Method Without super.clone() (Type: Variant),"The software contains a clone() method that does not call super.clone() to obtain the new object.
1602 All implementations of clone() should obtain the new object by calling super.clone(). If a class does not follow this convention, a subclass's clone() method will return an object of the wrong type.",,Unknown,
1603 CWE-581,EN-Object Model Violation: Just One of Equals and Hashcode Defined (Type: Base),"The software does not maintain equal hashcodes for equal objects.
1604 Java objects are expected to obey a number of invariants related to equality. One of these invariants is that equal objects must have equal hashcodes. In other words, if a.equals(b) == true then a.hashCode() == b.hashCode().",,Unknown,
1605 CWE-582,"EN-Array Declared Public, Final, and Static (Type: Variant)","The program declares an array public, final, and static, which is not sufficient to prevent the array's contents from being modified.
1606 Because arrays are mutable objects, the final constraint requires that the array object itself be assigned only once, but makes no guarantees about the values of the array elements. Since the array is public, a malicious program can change the values stored in the array. As such, in most cases an array declared public, final and static is a bug.",,Unknown,
1607 CWE-583,EN-finalize() Method Declared Public (Type: Variant),"The program violates secure coding principles for mobile code by declaring a finalize() method public.
1608 A program should never call finalize explicitly, except to call super.finalize() inside an implementation of finalize(). In mobile code situations, the otherwise error prone practice of manual garbage collection can become a security threat if an attacker can maliciously invoke one of your finalize() methods because it is declared with public access.",,Unknown,
1609 CWE-584,EN-Return Inside Finally Block (Type: Base),"The code has a return statement inside a finally block, which will cause any thrown exception in the try block to be discarded.
1610 A program should never call finalize explicitly, except to call super.finalize() inside an implementation of finalize(). In mobile code situations, the otherwise error prone practice of manual garbage collection can become a security threat if an attacker can maliciously invoke one of your finalize() methods because it is declared with public access.",,Unknown,
1611 CWE-585,EN-Empty Synchronized Block (Type: Variant),"The software contains an empty synchronized block.
1612 An empty synchronized block does not actually accomplish any synchronization and may indicate a troubled section of code. An empty synchronized block can occur because code no longer needed within the synchronized block is commented out without removing the synchronized block.",,Unknown,Intrinsic Locks and Synchronization (in Java): http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/concurrency/locksync.html
1613 CWE-586,EN-Explicit Call to Finalize() (Type: Variant),"The software makes an explicit call to the finalize() method from outside the finalizer.
1614 While the Java Language Specification allows an object's finalize() method to be called from outside the finalizer, doing so is usually a bad idea. For example, calling finalize() explicitly means that finalize() will be called more than once: the first time will be the explicit call and the last time will be the call that is made after the object is garbage collected.",,Unknown,
1615 CWE-587,EN-Assignment of a Fixed Address to a Pointer (Type: Base),"The software sets a pointer to a specific address other than NULL or 0.
1616 Using a fixed address is not portable because that address will probably not be valid in all environments or platforms.",,Unknown,
1617 CWE-588,EN-Attempt to Access Child of a Non-structure Pointer (Type: Variant),"Casting a non-structure type to a structure type and accessing a field can lead to memory access errors or data corruption.
1618 Using a fixed address is not portable because that address will probably not be valid in all environments or platforms.",,Unknown,
1619 CWE-589,EN-Call to Non-ubiquitous API (Type: Variant),"The software uses an API function that does not exist on all versions of the target platform. This could cause portability problems or inconsistencies that allow denial of service or other consequences.
1620 Some functions that offer security features supported by the OS are not available on all versions of the OS in common use. Likewise, functions are often deprecated or made obsolete for security reasons and should not be used.",,Unknown,
1621 CWE-590,EN-Free of Memory not on the Heap (Type: Variant),"The application calls free() on a pointer to memory that was not allocated using associated heap allocation functions such as malloc(), calloc(), or realloc().
1622 When free() is called on an invalid pointer, the program's memory management data structures may become corrupted. This corruption can cause the program to crash or, in some circumstances, an attacker may be able to cause free() to operate on controllable memory locations to modify critical program variables or execute code.",,Unknown,Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/
1623 CWE-591,EN-Sensitive Data Storage in Improperly Locked Memory (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data in memory that is not locked, or that has been incorrectly locked, which might cause the memory to be written to swap files on disk by the virtual memory manager. This can make the data more accessible to external actors.
1624 On Windows systems the VirtualLock function can lock a page of memory to ensure that it will remain present in memory and not be swapped to disk. However, on older versions of Windows, such as 95, 98, or Me, the VirtualLock() function is only a stub and provides no protection. On POSIX systems the mlock() call ensures that a page will stay resident in memory but does not guarantee that the page will not appear in the swap. Therefore, it is unsuitable for use as a protection mechanism for sensitive data. Some platforms, in particular Linux, do make the guarantee that the page will not be swapped, but this is non-standard and is not portable. Calls to mlock() also require supervisor privilege. Return values for both of these calls must be checked to ensure that the lock operation was actually successful.",,Unknown,
1625 CWE-592,EN-Authentication Bypass Issues (Type: Class),"The software does not properly perform authentication, allowing it to be bypassed through various methods.
1626 On Windows systems the VirtualLock function can lock a page of memory to ensure that it will remain present in memory and not be swapped to disk. However, on older versions of Windows, such as 95, 98, or Me, the VirtualLock() function is only a stub and provides no protection. On POSIX systems the mlock() call ensures that a page will stay resident in memory but does not guarantee that the page will not appear in the swap. Therefore, it is unsuitable for use as a protection mechanism for sensitive data. Some platforms, in particular Linux, do make the guarantee that the page will not be swapped, but this is non-standard and is not portable. Calls to mlock() also require supervisor privilege. Return values for both of these calls must be checked to ensure that the lock operation was actually successful.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
1627 CWE-593,EN-Authentication Bypass: OpenSSL CTX Object Modified after SSL Objects are Created (Type: Variant),"The software modifies the SSL context after connection creation has begun.
1628 If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1629 CWE-594,EN-J2EE Framework: Saving Unserializable Objects to Disk (Type: Variant),"When the J2EE container attempts to write unserializable objects to disk there is no guarantee that the process will complete successfully.
1630 If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1631 CWE-595,EN-Comparison of Object References Instead of Object Contents (Type: Base),"The program compares object references instead of the contents of the objects themselves, preventing it from detecting equivalent objects.
1632 If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1633 CWE-596,EN-Incorrect Semantic Object Comparison (Type: Base),"The software does not correctly compare two objects based on their conceptual content.
1634 If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1635 CWE-597,EN-Use of Wrong Operator in String Comparison (Type: Variant),"The product uses the wrong operator when comparing a string, such as using ""=="" when the equals() method should be used instead.
1636 In Java, using == or != to compare two strings for equality actually compares two objects for equality, not their values. Chances are good that the two references will never be equal. While this weakness often only affects program correctness, if the equality is used for a security decision, it could be leveraged to affect program security.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
1637 CWE-598,EN-Information Exposure Through Query Strings in GET Request (Type: Variant),"The web application uses the GET method to process requests that contain sensitive information, which can expose that information through the browser's history, Referers, web logs, and other sources.
1638 In Java, using == or != to compare two strings for equality actually compares two objects for equality, not their values. Chances are good that the two references will never be equal. While this weakness often only affects program correctness, if the equality is used for a security decision, it could be leveraged to affect program security.",,Unknown,
1639 CWE-599,EN-Missing Validation of OpenSSL Certificate (Type: Variant),"The software uses OpenSSL and trusts or uses a certificate without using the SSL_get_verify_result() function to ensure that the certificate satisfies all necessary security requirements.
1640 This could allow an attacker to use an invalid certificate to claim to be a trusted host, use expired certificates, or conduct other attacks that could be detected if the certificate is properly validated.",,Unknown,
1641 CWE-6,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Insufficient Session-ID Length (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application is configured to use an insufficient session ID length.
1642 If an attacker can guess or steal a session ID, then he/she may be able to take over the user's session (called session hijacking). The number of possible session IDs increases with increased session ID length, making it more difficult to guess or steal a session ID.",,Unknown,No description: http://www.securiteam.com/securityreviews/5TP0F0UEVQ.html
1643 CWE-600,EN-Uncaught Exception in Servlet (Type: Base),"The Servlet does not catch all exceptions, which may reveal sensitive debugging information.
1644 When a Servlet throws an exception, the default error response the Servlet container sends back to the user typically includes debugging information. This information is of great value to an attacker. For example, a stack trace might show the attacker a malformed SQL query string, the type of database being used, and the version of the application container. This information enables the attacker to target known vulnerabilities in these components.",,Unknown,
1645 CWE-603,EN-Use of Client-Side Authentication (Type: Base),"A client/server product performs authentication within client code but not in server code, allowing server-side authentication to be bypassed via a modified client that omits the authentication check.
1646 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
1647 CWE-605,EN-Multiple Binds to the Same Port (Type: Base),"When multiple sockets are allowed to bind to the same port, other services on that port may be stolen or spoofed.
1648 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,
1649 CWE-606,EN-Unchecked Input for Loop Condition (Type: Base),"The product does not properly check inputs that are used for loop conditions, potentially leading to a denial of service because of excessive looping.
1650 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
1651 CWE-607,EN-Public Static Final Field References Mutable Object (Type: Variant),"A public or protected static final field references a mutable object, which allows the object to be changed by malicious code, or accidentally from another package.
1652 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,
1653 CWE-608,EN-Struts: Non-private Field in ActionForm Class (Type: Variant),"An ActionForm class contains a field that has not been declared private, which can be accessed without using a setter or getter.
1654 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,
1655 CWE-609,EN-Double-Checked Locking (Type: Base),"The program uses double-checked locking to access a resource without the overhead of explicit synchronization, but the locking is insufficient.
1656 Double-checked locking refers to the situation where a programmer checks to see if a resource has been initialized, grabs a lock, checks again to see if the resource has been initialized, and then performs the initialization if it has not occurred yet. This should not be done, as is not guaranteed to work in all languages and on all architectures. In summary, other threads may not be operating inside the synchronous block and are not guaranteed to see the operations execute in the same order as they would appear inside the synchronous block.",,Unknown,"The ""Double-Checked Locking is Broken"" Declaration: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~pugh/java/memoryModel/DoubleCheckedLocking.html
11031657 JSR 133 (Java Memory Model) FAQ: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~pugh/java/memoryModel/jsr-133-faq.html#dcl
11041658 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Threading Vulnerabilities"", Page 815."
1105 CWE-610,Externally Controlled Reference to a Resource in Another Sphere (Type: Class),The product uses an externally controlled name or reference that resolves to a resource that is outside of the intended control sphere.,,,Unknown,
1106 CWE-611,Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference (XXE) (Type: Variant),"The software processes an XML document that can contain XML entities with URIs that resolve to documents outside of the intended sphere of control, causing the product to embed incorrect documents into its output.","XML documents optionally contain a Document Type Definition (DTD), which, among other features, enables the definition of XML entities. It is possible to define an entity by providing a substitution string in the form of a URI. The XML parser can access the contents of this URI and embed these contents back into the XML document for further processing.
1659 CWE-610,EN-Externally Controlled Reference to a Resource in Another Sphere (Type: Class),"The product uses an externally controlled name or reference that resolves to a resource that is outside of the intended control sphere.
1660 ",,Unknown,
1661 CWE-611,EN-Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference (XXE) (Type: Variant),"The software processes an XML document that can contain XML entities with URIs that resolve to documents outside of the intended sphere of control, causing the product to embed incorrect documents into its output.
1662 XML documents optionally contain a Document Type Definition (DTD), which, among other features, enables the definition of XML entities. It is possible to define an entity by providing a substitution string in the form of a URI. The XML parser can access the contents of this URI and embed these contents back into the XML document for further processing.
11071663 By submitting an XML file that defines an external entity with a file:// URI, an attacker can cause the processing application to read the contents of a local file. For example, a URI such as ""file:///c:/winnt/win.ini"" designates (in Windows) the file C:\Winnt\win.ini, or file:///etc/passwd designates the password file in Unix-based systems. Using URIs with other schemes such as http://, the attacker can force the application to make outgoing requests to servers that the attacker cannot reach directly, which can be used to bypass firewall restrictions or hide the source of attacks such as port scanning.
11081664 Once the content of the URI is read, it is fed back into the application that is processing the XML. This application may echo back the data (e.g. in an error message), thereby exposing the file contents.",,Unknown,"XML External Entity (XXE) Processing: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/XML_External_Entity_(XXE)_Processing
11091665 XML External Entity Attacks (XXE): https://www.owasp.org/images/5/5d/XML_Exteral_Entity_Attack.pdf
11111667 XML External Entities (XXE) Attack: http://projects.webappsec.org/w/page/13247003/XML%20External%20Entities
11121668 XML Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/ee335713.aspx
11131669 Preventing XXE in PHP: http://websec.io/2012/08/27/Preventing-XEE-in-PHP.html"
1114 CWE-612,Information Exposure Through Indexing of Private Data (Type: Variant),"The product performs an indexing routine against private documents, but does not sufficiently verify that the actors who can access the index also have the privileges to access the private documents.","When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1115 CWE-613,Insufficient Session Expiration (Type: Base),"According to WASC, ""Insufficient Session Expiration is when a web site permits an attacker to reuse old session credentials or session IDs for authorization.""","When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1116 CWE-614,Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without Secure Attribute (Type: Variant),"The Secure attribute for sensitive cookies in HTTPS sessions is not set, which could cause the user agent to send those cookies in plaintext over an HTTP session.","When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1117 CWE-615,Information Exposure Through Comments (Type: Variant),"While adding general comments is very useful, some programmers tend to leave important data, such as: filenames related to the web application, old links or links which were not meant to be browsed by users, old code fragments, etc.","An attacker who finds these comments can map the application's structure and files, expose hidden parts of the site, and study the fragments of code to reverse engineer the application, which may help develop further attacks against the site.",,Unknown,
1118 CWE-616,Incomplete Identification of Uploaded File Variables (PHP) (Type: Variant),"The PHP application uses an old method for processing uploaded files by referencing the four global variables that are set for each file (e.g. $varname, $varname_size, $varname_name, $varname_type). These variables could be overwritten by attackers, causing the application to process unauthorized files.","These global variables could be overwritten by POST requests, cookies, or other methods of populating or overwriting these variables. This could be used to read or process arbitrary files by providing values such as ""/etc/passwd"".",,Unknown,"A Study in Scarlet - section 5, ""File Upload"""
1119 CWE-617,Reachable Assertion (Type: Variant),"The product contains an assert() or similar statement that can be triggered by an attacker, which leads to an application exit or other behavior that is more severe than necessary.","For example, if a server handles multiple simultaneous connections, and an assert() occurs in one single connection that causes all other connections to be dropped, this is a reachable assertion that leads to a denial of service.",,Unknown,
1120 CWE-618,Exposed Unsafe ActiveX Method (Type: Base),"An ActiveX control is intended for use in a web browser, but it exposes dangerous methods that perform actions that are outside of the browser's security model (e.g. the zone or domain).","ActiveX controls can exercise far greater control over the operating system than typical Java or javascript. Exposed methods can be subject to various vulnerabilities, depending on the implemented behaviors of those methods, and whether input validation is performed on the provided arguments. If there is no integrity checking or origin validation, this method could be invoked by attackers.",,Unknown,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
1670 CWE-612,EN-Information Exposure Through Indexing of Private Data (Type: Variant),"The product performs an indexing routine against private documents, but does not sufficiently verify that the actors who can access the index also have the privileges to access the private documents.
1671 When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1672 CWE-613,EN-Insufficient Session Expiration (Type: Base),"According to WASC, ""Insufficient Session Expiration is when a web site permits an attacker to reuse old session credentials or session IDs for authorization.""
1673 When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1674 CWE-614,EN-Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without Secure Attribute (Type: Variant),"The Secure attribute for sensitive cookies in HTTPS sessions is not set, which could cause the user agent to send those cookies in plaintext over an HTTP session.
1675 When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1676 CWE-615,EN-Information Exposure Through Comments (Type: Variant),"While adding general comments is very useful, some programmers tend to leave important data, such as: filenames related to the web application, old links or links which were not meant to be browsed by users, old code fragments, etc.
1677 An attacker who finds these comments can map the application's structure and files, expose hidden parts of the site, and study the fragments of code to reverse engineer the application, which may help develop further attacks against the site.",,Unknown,
1678 CWE-616,EN-Incomplete Identification of Uploaded File Variables (PHP) (Type: Variant),"The PHP application uses an old method for processing uploaded files by referencing the four global variables that are set for each file (e.g. $varname, $varname_size, $varname_name, $varname_type). These variables could be overwritten by attackers, causing the application to process unauthorized files.
1679 These global variables could be overwritten by POST requests, cookies, or other methods of populating or overwriting these variables. This could be used to read or process arbitrary files by providing values such as ""/etc/passwd"".",,Unknown,"A Study in Scarlet - section 5, ""File Upload"""
1680 CWE-617,EN-Reachable Assertion (Type: Variant),"The product contains an assert() or similar statement that can be triggered by an attacker, which leads to an application exit or other behavior that is more severe than necessary.
1681 For example, if a server handles multiple simultaneous connections, and an assert() occurs in one single connection that causes all other connections to be dropped, this is a reachable assertion that leads to a denial of service.",,Unknown,
1682 CWE-618,EN-Exposed Unsafe ActiveX Method (Type: Base),"An ActiveX control is intended for use in a web browser, but it exposes dangerous methods that perform actions that are outside of the browser's security model (e.g. the zone or domain).
1683 ActiveX controls can exercise far greater control over the operating system than typical Java or javascript. Exposed methods can be subject to various vulnerabilities, depending on the implemented behaviors of those methods, and whether input validation is performed on the provided arguments. If there is no integrity checking or origin validation, this method could be invoked by attackers.",,Unknown,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
11211684 No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/security.asp
11221685 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 12, ""ActiveX Security"", Page 749."
1123 CWE-619,Dangling Database Cursor (Cursor Injection) (Type: Base),"If a database cursor is not closed properly, then it could become accessible to other users while retaining the same privileges that were originally assigned, leaving the cursor ""dangling.""","For example, an improper dangling cursor could arise from unhandled exceptions. The impact of the issue depends on the cursor's role, but SQL injection attacks are commonly possible.",,Unknown,"The Oracle Hacker's Handbook
1686 CWE-619,EN-Dangling Database Cursor (Cursor Injection) (Type: Base),"If a database cursor is not closed properly, then it could become accessible to other users while retaining the same privileges that were originally assigned, leaving the cursor ""dangling.""
1687 For example, an improper dangling cursor could arise from unhandled exceptions. The impact of the issue depends on the cursor's role, but SQL injection attacks are commonly possible.",,Unknown,"The Oracle Hacker's Handbook
11241688 Cursor Injection: http://www.databasesecurity.com/dbsec/cursor-injection.pdf"
1125 CWE-62,UNIX Hard Link (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently account for when the name is associated with a hard link to a target that is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.","Failure for a system to check for hard links can result in vulnerability to different types of attacks. For example, an attacker can escalate their privileges if a file used by a privileged program is replaced with a hard link to a sensitive file (e.g. /etc/passwd). When the process opens the file, the attacker can assume the privileges of that process.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Hard Links"", Page 518."
1126 CWE-620,Unverified Password Change (Type: Variant),"When setting a new password for a user, the product does not require knowledge of the original password, or using another form of authentication.","This could be used by an attacker to change passwords for another user, thus gaining the privileges associated with that user.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1127 CWE-621,Variable Extraction Error (Type: Base),"The product uses external input to determine the names of variables into which information is extracted, without verifying that the names of the specified variables are valid. This could cause the program to overwrite unintended variables.","For example, in PHP, calling extract() or import_request_variables() without the proper arguments could allow arbitrary global variables to be overwritten, including superglobals. Similar functionality might be possible in other interpreted languages, including custom languages.",,Unknown,
1128 CWE-622,Improper Validation of Function Hook Arguments (Type: Variant),"A product adds hooks to user-accessible API functions, but does not properly validate the arguments. This could lead to resultant vulnerabilities.","Such hooks can be used in defensive software that runs with privileges, such as anti-virus or firewall, which hooks kernel calls. When the arguments are not validated, they could be used to bypass the protection scheme or attack the product itself.",,Unknown,
1129 CWE-623,Unsafe ActiveX Control Marked Safe For Scripting (Type: Variant),"An ActiveX control is intended for restricted use, but it has been marked as safe-for-scripting.","This might allow attackers to use dangerous functionality via a web page that accesses the control, which can lead to different resultant vulnerabilities, depending on the control's behavior.",,Unknown,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
1689 CWE-62,EN-UNIX Hard Link (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently account for when the name is associated with a hard link to a target that is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.
1690 Failure for a system to check for hard links can result in vulnerability to different types of attacks. For example, an attacker can escalate their privileges if a file used by a privileged program is replaced with a hard link to a sensitive file (e.g. /etc/passwd). When the process opens the file, the attacker can assume the privileges of that process.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Hard Links"", Page 518."
1691 CWE-620,EN-Unverified Password Change (Type: Variant),"When setting a new password for a user, the product does not require knowledge of the original password, or using another form of authentication.
1692 This could be used by an attacker to change passwords for another user, thus gaining the privileges associated with that user.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1693 CWE-621,EN-Variable Extraction Error (Type: Base),"The product uses external input to determine the names of variables into which information is extracted, without verifying that the names of the specified variables are valid. This could cause the program to overwrite unintended variables.
1694 For example, in PHP, calling extract() or import_request_variables() without the proper arguments could allow arbitrary global variables to be overwritten, including superglobals. Similar functionality might be possible in other interpreted languages, including custom languages.",,Unknown,
1695 CWE-622,EN-Improper Validation of Function Hook Arguments (Type: Variant),"A product adds hooks to user-accessible API functions, but does not properly validate the arguments. This could lead to resultant vulnerabilities.
1696 Such hooks can be used in defensive software that runs with privileges, such as anti-virus or firewall, which hooks kernel calls. When the arguments are not validated, they could be used to bypass the protection scheme or attack the product itself.",,Unknown,
1697 CWE-623,EN-Unsafe ActiveX Control Marked Safe For Scripting (Type: Variant),"An ActiveX control is intended for restricted use, but it has been marked as safe-for-scripting.
1698 This might allow attackers to use dangerous functionality via a web page that accesses the control, which can lead to different resultant vulnerabilities, depending on the control's behavior.",,Unknown,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
11301699 No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/security.asp
11311700 No description: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/240797
11321701 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 16, ""What ActiveX Components Are Safe for Initialization and Safe for Scripting?"" Page 510
11331702 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 12, ""ActiveX Security"", Page 749."
1134 CWE-624,Executable Regular Expression Error (Type: Base),"The product uses a regular expression that either (1) contains an executable component with user-controlled inputs, or (2) allows a user to enable execution by inserting pattern modifiers.","Case (2) is possible in the PHP preg_replace() function, and possibly in other languages when a user-controlled input is inserted into a string that is later parsed as a regular expression.",,Unknown,
1135 CWE-625,Permissive Regular Expression (Type: Base),The product uses a regular expression that does not sufficiently restrict the set of allowed values.,"This effectively causes the regexp to accept substrings that match the pattern, which produces a partial comparison to the target. In some cases, this can lead to other weaknesses. Common errors include:
1703 CWE-624,EN-Executable Regular Expression Error (Type: Base),"The product uses a regular expression that either (1) contains an executable component with user-controlled inputs, or (2) allows a user to enable execution by inserting pattern modifiers.
1704 Case (2) is possible in the PHP preg_replace() function, and possibly in other languages when a user-controlled input is inserted into a string that is later parsed as a regular expression.",,Unknown,
1705 CWE-625,EN-Permissive Regular Expression (Type: Base),"The product uses a regular expression that does not sufficiently restrict the set of allowed values.
1706 This effectively causes the regexp to accept substrings that match the pattern, which produces a partial comparison to the target. In some cases, this can lead to other weaknesses. Common errors include:
11361707 not identifying the beginning and end of the target string
11371708 using wildcards instead of acceptable character ranges
11381709 others",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Stripping Vulnerabilities"", Page 437."
1139 CWE-626,Null Byte Interaction Error (Poison Null Byte) (Type: Variant),The product does not properly handle null bytes or NUL characters when passing data between different representations or components.,"A null byte (NUL character) can have different meanings across representations or languages. For example, it is a string terminator in standard C libraries, but Perl and PHP strings do not treat it as a terminator. When two representations are crossed - such as when Perl or PHP invokes underlying C functionality - this can produce an interaction error with unexpected results. Similar issues have been reported for ASP. Other interpreters written in C might also be affected.",,Unknown,"Poison NULL byte: http://insecure.org/news/P55-07.txt
1710 CWE-626,EN-Null Byte Interaction Error (Poison Null Byte) (Type: Variant),"The product does not properly handle null bytes or NUL characters when passing data between different representations or components.
1711 A null byte (NUL character) can have different meanings across representations or languages. For example, it is a string terminator in standard C libraries, but Perl and PHP strings do not treat it as a terminator. When two representations are crossed - such as when Perl or PHP invokes underlying C functionality - this can produce an interaction error with unexpected results. Similar issues have been reported for ASP. Other interpreters written in C might also be affected.",,Unknown,"Poison NULL byte: http://insecure.org/news/P55-07.txt
11401712 0x00 vs ASP file upload scripts: http://www.security-assessment.com/Whitepapers/0x00_vs_ASP_File_Uploads.pdf
11411713 ShAnKaR: multiple PHP application poison NULL byte vulnerability: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2006/Sep/0185.html"
1142 CWE-627,Dynamic Variable Evaluation (Type: Base),"In a language where the user can influence the name of a variable at runtime, if the variable names are not controlled, an attacker can read or write to arbitrary variables, or access arbitrary functions.","The resultant vulnerabilities depend on the behavior of the application, both at the crossover point and in any control/data flow that is reachable by the related variables or functions.",,Unknown,"Dynamic Evaluation Vulnerabilities in PHP applications: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2006/May/0035.html
1714 CWE-627,EN-Dynamic Variable Evaluation (Type: Base),"In a language where the user can influence the name of a variable at runtime, if the variable names are not controlled, an attacker can read or write to arbitrary variables, or access arbitrary functions.
1715 The resultant vulnerabilities depend on the behavior of the application, both at the crossover point and in any control/data flow that is reachable by the related variables or functions.",,Unknown,"Dynamic Evaluation Vulnerabilities in PHP applications: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2006/May/0035.html
11431716 A Study In Scarlet: Exploiting Common Vulnerabilities in PHP Applications: http://www.securereality.com.au/studyinscarlet.txt"
1144 CWE-628,Function Call with Incorrectly Specified Arguments (Type: Base),"The product calls a function, procedure, or routine with arguments that are not correctly specified, leading to always-incorrect behavior and resultant weaknesses.","There are multiple ways in which this weakness can be introduced, including:
1717 CWE-628,EN-Function Call with Incorrectly Specified Arguments (Type: Base),"The product calls a function, procedure, or routine with arguments that are not correctly specified, leading to always-incorrect behavior and resultant weaknesses.
1718 There are multiple ways in which this weakness can be introduced, including:
11451719 the wrong variable or reference;
11461720 an incorrect number of arguments;
11471721 incorrect order of arguments;
11481722 wrong type of arguments; or
11491723 wrong value.",,Unknown,
1150 CWE-636,Not Failing Securely (Failing Open) (Type: Class),"When the product encounters an error condition or failure, its design requires it to fall back to a state that is less secure than other options that are available, such as selecting the weakest encryption algorithm or using the most permissive access control restrictions.","By entering a less secure state, the product inherits the weaknesses associated with that state, making it easier to compromise. At the least, it causes administrators to have a false sense of security. This weakness typically occurs as a result of wanting to ""fail functional"" to minimize administration and support costs, instead of ""failing safe.""",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1724 CWE-636,EN-Not Failing Securely (Failing Open) (Type: Class),"When the product encounters an error condition or failure, its design requires it to fall back to a state that is less secure than other options that are available, such as selecting the weakest encryption algorithm or using the most permissive access control restrictions.
1725 By entering a less secure state, the product inherits the weaknesses associated with that state, making it easier to compromise. At the least, it causes administrators to have a false sense of security. This weakness typically occurs as a result of wanting to ""fail functional"" to minimize administration and support costs, instead of ""failing safe.""",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11511726 Failing Securely: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/349.html"
1152 CWE-637,Unnecessary Complexity in Protection Mechanism (Not Using Economy of Mechanism) (Type: Class),"The software uses a more complex mechanism than necessary, which could lead to resultant weaknesses when the mechanism is not correctly understood, modeled, configured, implemented, or used.","Security mechanisms should be as simple as possible. Complex security mechanisms may engender partial implementations and compatibility problems, with resulting mismatches in assumptions and implemented security. A corollary of this principle is that data specifications should be as simple as possible, because complex data specifications result in complex validation code. Complex tasks and systems may also need to be guarded by complex security checks, so simple systems should be preferred.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1727 CWE-637,EN-Unnecessary Complexity in Protection Mechanism (Not Using Economy of Mechanism) (Type: Class),"The software uses a more complex mechanism than necessary, which could lead to resultant weaknesses when the mechanism is not correctly understood, modeled, configured, implemented, or used.
1728 Security mechanisms should be as simple as possible. Complex security mechanisms may engender partial implementations and compatibility problems, with resulting mismatches in assumptions and implemented security. A corollary of this principle is that data specifications should be as simple as possible, because complex data specifications result in complex validation code. Complex tasks and systems may also need to be guarded by complex security checks, so simple systems should be preferred.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11531729 Economy of Mechanism: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/348.html"
1154 CWE-638,Not Using Complete Mediation (Type: Class),"The software does not perform access checks on a resource every time the resource is accessed by an entity, which can create resultant weaknesses if that entity's rights or privileges change over time.",,,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1730 CWE-638,EN-Not Using Complete Mediation (Type: Class),"The software does not perform access checks on a resource every time the resource is accessed by an entity, which can create resultant weaknesses if that entity's rights or privileges change over time.
1731 ",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11551732 Complete Mediation: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/346.html"
1156 CWE-65,Windows Hard Link (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently handle when the name is associated with a hard link to a target that is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.","Failure for a system to check for hard links can result in vulnerability to different types of attacks. For example, an attacker can escalate their privileges if a file used by a privileged program is replaced with a hard link to a sensitive file (e.g. AUTOEXEC.BAT). When the process opens the file, the attacker can assume the privileges of that process, or prevent the program from accurately processing data.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Links"", Page 676."
1157 CWE-651,Information Exposure Through WSDL File (Type: Variant),The Web services architecture may require exposing a WSDL file that contains information on the publicly accessible services and how callers of these services should interact with them (e.g. what parameters they expect and what types they return).,"An information exposure may occur if any of the following apply:
1733 CWE-65,EN-Windows Hard Link (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently handle when the name is associated with a hard link to a target that is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.
1734 Failure for a system to check for hard links can result in vulnerability to different types of attacks. For example, an attacker can escalate their privileges if a file used by a privileged program is replaced with a hard link to a sensitive file (e.g. AUTOEXEC.BAT). When the process opens the file, the attacker can assume the privileges of that process, or prevent the program from accurately processing data.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Links"", Page 676."
1735 CWE-651,EN-Information Exposure Through WSDL File (Type: Variant),"The Web services architecture may require exposing a WSDL file that contains information on the publicly accessible services and how callers of these services should interact with them (e.g. what parameters they expect and what types they return).
1736 An information exposure may occur if any of the following apply:
11581737 The WSDL file is accessible to a wider audience than intended.
11591738 The WSDL file contains information on the methods/services that should not be publicly accessible or information about deprecated methods. This problem is made more likely due to the WSDL often being automatically generated from the code.
11601739 Information in the WSDL file helps guess names/locations of methods/resources that should not be publicly accessible.",,Unknown,
1161 CWE-653,Insufficient Compartmentalization (Type: Base),"The product does not sufficiently compartmentalize functionality or processes that require different privilege levels, rights, or permissions.","When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1740 CWE-653,EN-Insufficient Compartmentalization (Type: Base),"The product does not sufficiently compartmentalize functionality or processes that require different privilege levels, rights, or permissions.
1741 When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11621742 Separation of Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/357.html"
1163 CWE-654,Reliance on a Single Factor in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"A protection mechanism relies exclusively, or to a large extent, on the evaluation of a single condition or the integrity of a single object or entity in order to make a decision about granting access to restricted resources or functionality.","When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1743 CWE-654,EN-Reliance on a Single Factor in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"A protection mechanism relies exclusively, or to a large extent, on the evaluation of a single condition or the integrity of a single object or entity in order to make a decision about granting access to restricted resources or functionality.
1744 When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11641745 Separation of Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/357.html"
1165 CWE-655,Insufficient Psychological Acceptability (Type: Base),"The software has a protection mechanism that is too difficult or inconvenient to use, encouraging non-malicious users to disable or bypass the mechanism, whether by accident or on purpose.","When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1746 CWE-655,EN-Insufficient Psychological Acceptability (Type: Base),"The software has a protection mechanism that is too difficult or inconvenient to use, encouraging non-malicious users to disable or bypass the mechanism, whether by accident or on purpose.
1747 When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11661748 Psychological Acceptability: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/354.html
11671749 Usability of Security: A Case Study: http://reports-archive.adm.cs.cmu.edu/anon/1998/CMU-CS-98-155.pdf
11681750 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 14: Poor Usability."" Page 217"
1169 CWE-656,Reliance on Security Through Obscurity (Type: Base),"The software uses a protection mechanism whose strength depends heavily on its obscurity, such that knowledge of its algorithms or key data is sufficient to defeat the mechanism.","This reliance on ""security through obscurity"" can produce resultant weaknesses if an attacker is able to reverse engineer the inner workings of the mechanism. Note that obscurity can be one small part of defense in depth, since it can create more work for an attacker; however, it is a significant risk if used as the primary means of protection.",,Unknown,"RFC: 793, TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt
1751 CWE-656,EN-Reliance on Security Through Obscurity (Type: Base),"The software uses a protection mechanism whose strength depends heavily on its obscurity, such that knowledge of its algorithms or key data is sufficient to defeat the mechanism.
1752 This reliance on ""security through obscurity"" can produce resultant weaknesses if an attacker is able to reverse engineer the inner workings of the mechanism. Note that obscurity can be one small part of defense in depth, since it can create more work for an attacker; however, it is a significant risk if used as the primary means of protection.",,Unknown,"RFC: 793, TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt
11701753 The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11711754 Never Assuming that Your Secrets Are Safe: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/352.html"
1172 CWE-657,Violation of Secure Design Principles (Type: Class),The product violates well-established principles for secure design.,"This can introduce resultant weaknesses or make it easier for developers to introduce related weaknesses during implementation. Because code is centered around design, it can be resource-intensive to fix design problems.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1755 CWE-657,EN-Violation of Secure Design Principles (Type: Class),"The product violates well-established principles for secure design.
1756 This can introduce resultant weaknesses or make it easier for developers to introduce related weaknesses during implementation. Because code is centered around design, it can be resource-intensive to fix design problems.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11731757 Design Principles: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/358.html"
1174 CWE-66,Improper Handling of File Names that Identify Virtual Resources (Type: Base),"The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a file name that identifies a ""virtual"" resource that is not directly specified within the directory that is associated with the file name, causing the product to perform file-based operations on a resource that is not a file.","Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,
1175 CWE-662,Improper Synchronization (Type: Base),"The software attempts to use a shared resource in an exclusive manner, but does not prevent or incorrectly prevents use of the resource by another thread or process.","Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,
1176 CWE-663,Use of a Non-reentrant Function in a Concurrent Context (Type: Base),The software calls a non-reentrant function in a concurrent context in which a competing code sequence (e.g. thread or signal handler) may have an opportunity to call the same function or otherwise influence its state.,"Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,"Java Concurrency API: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/locks/ReentrantLock.html
1758 CWE-66,EN-Improper Handling of File Names that Identify Virtual Resources (Type: Base),"The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a file name that identifies a ""virtual"" resource that is not directly specified within the directory that is associated with the file name, causing the product to perform file-based operations on a resource that is not a file.
1759 Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,
1760 CWE-662,EN-Improper Synchronization (Type: Base),"The software attempts to use a shared resource in an exclusive manner, but does not prevent or incorrectly prevents use of the resource by another thread or process.
1761 Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,
1762 CWE-663,EN-Use of a Non-reentrant Function in a Concurrent Context (Type: Base),"The software calls a non-reentrant function in a concurrent context in which a competing code sequence (e.g. thread or signal handler) may have an opportunity to call the same function or otherwise influence its state.
1763 Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,"Java Concurrency API: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/locks/ReentrantLock.html
11771764 Use reentrant functions for safer signal handling: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-reent.html"
1178 CWE-664,Improper Control of a Resource Through its Lifetime (Type: Class),"The software does not maintain or incorrectly maintains control over a resource throughout its lifetime of creation, use, and release.","Resources often have explicit instructions on how to be created, used and destroyed. When software does not follow these instructions, it can lead to unexpected behaviors and potentially exploitable states.
1765 CWE-664,EN-Improper Control of a Resource Through its Lifetime (Type: Class),"The software does not maintain or incorrectly maintains control over a resource throughout its lifetime of creation, use, and release.
1766 Resources often have explicit instructions on how to be created, used and destroyed. When software does not follow these instructions, it can lead to unexpected behaviors and potentially exploitable states.
11791767 Even without explicit instructions, various principles are expected to be adhered to, such as ""Do not use an object until after its creation is complete,"" or ""do not use an object after it has been slated for destruction.""",,Unknown,
1180 CWE-666,Operation on Resource in Wrong Phase of Lifetime (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation on a resource at the wrong phase of the resource's lifecycle, which can lead to unexpected behaviors.","When a developer wants to initialize, use or release a resource, it is important to follow the specifications outlined for how to operate on that resource and to ensure that the resource is in the expected state. In this case, the software wants to perform a normally valid operation, initialization, use or release, on a resource when it is in the incorrect phase of its lifetime.",,Unknown,
1181 CWE-667,Improper Locking (Type: Base),"The software does not properly acquire a lock on a resource, or it does not properly release a lock on a resource, leading to unexpected resource state changes and behaviors.","When a developer wants to initialize, use or release a resource, it is important to follow the specifications outlined for how to operate on that resource and to ensure that the resource is in the expected state. In this case, the software wants to perform a normally valid operation, initialization, use or release, on a resource when it is in the incorrect phase of its lifetime.",,Unknown,
1182 CWE-668,Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere (Type: Class),"The product exposes a resource to the wrong control sphere, providing unintended actors with inappropriate access to the resource.","Resources such as files and directories may be inadvertently exposed through mechanisms such as insecure permissions, or when a program accidentally operates on the wrong object. For example, a program may intend that private files can only be provided to a specific user. This effectively defines a control sphere that is intended to prevent attackers from accessing these private files. If the file permissions are insecure, then parties other than the user will be able to access those files.
1768 CWE-666,EN-Operation on Resource in Wrong Phase of Lifetime (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation on a resource at the wrong phase of the resource's lifecycle, which can lead to unexpected behaviors.
1769 When a developer wants to initialize, use or release a resource, it is important to follow the specifications outlined for how to operate on that resource and to ensure that the resource is in the expected state. In this case, the software wants to perform a normally valid operation, initialization, use or release, on a resource when it is in the incorrect phase of its lifetime.",,Unknown,
1770 CWE-667,EN-Improper Locking (Type: Base),"The software does not properly acquire a lock on a resource, or it does not properly release a lock on a resource, leading to unexpected resource state changes and behaviors.
1771 When a developer wants to initialize, use or release a resource, it is important to follow the specifications outlined for how to operate on that resource and to ensure that the resource is in the expected state. In this case, the software wants to perform a normally valid operation, initialization, use or release, on a resource when it is in the incorrect phase of its lifetime.",,Unknown,
1772 CWE-668,EN-Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere (Type: Class),"The product exposes a resource to the wrong control sphere, providing unintended actors with inappropriate access to the resource.
1773 Resources such as files and directories may be inadvertently exposed through mechanisms such as insecure permissions, or when a program accidentally operates on the wrong object. For example, a program may intend that private files can only be provided to a specific user. This effectively defines a control sphere that is intended to prevent attackers from accessing these private files. If the file permissions are insecure, then parties other than the user will be able to access those files.
11831774 A separate control sphere might effectively require that the user can only access the private files, but not any other files on the system. If the program does not ensure that the user is only requesting private files, then the user might be able to access other files on the system.
11841775 In either case, the end result is that a resource has been exposed to the wrong party.",,Unknown,
1185 CWE-669,Incorrect Resource Transfer Between Spheres (Type: Class),"The product does not properly transfer a resource/behavior to another sphere, or improperly imports a resource/behavior from another sphere, in a manner that provides unintended control over that resource.","Resources such as files and directories may be inadvertently exposed through mechanisms such as insecure permissions, or when a program accidentally operates on the wrong object. For example, a program may intend that private files can only be provided to a specific user. This effectively defines a control sphere that is intended to prevent attackers from accessing these private files. If the file permissions are insecure, then parties other than the user will be able to access those files.
1776 CWE-669,EN-Incorrect Resource Transfer Between Spheres (Type: Class),"The product does not properly transfer a resource/behavior to another sphere, or improperly imports a resource/behavior from another sphere, in a manner that provides unintended control over that resource.
1777 Resources such as files and directories may be inadvertently exposed through mechanisms such as insecure permissions, or when a program accidentally operates on the wrong object. For example, a program may intend that private files can only be provided to a specific user. This effectively defines a control sphere that is intended to prevent attackers from accessing these private files. If the file permissions are insecure, then parties other than the user will be able to access those files.
11861778 A separate control sphere might effectively require that the user can only access the private files, but not any other files on the system. If the program does not ensure that the user is only requesting private files, then the user might be able to access other files on the system.
11871779 In either case, the end result is that a resource has been exposed to the wrong party.",,Unknown,
1188 CWE-670,Always-Incorrect Control Flow Implementation (Type: Class),"The code contains a control flow path that does not reflect the algorithm that the path is intended to implement, leading to incorrect behavior any time this path is navigated.","This weakness captures cases in which a particular code segment is always incorrect with respect to the algorithm that it is implementing. For example, if a C programmer intends to include multiple statements in a single block but does not include the enclosing braces (CWE-483), then the logic is always incorrect. This issue is in contrast to most weaknesses in which the code usually behaves correctly, except when it is externally manipulated in malicious ways.",,Unknown,
1189 CWE-671,Lack of Administrator Control over Security (Type: Class),The product uses security features in a way that prevents the product's administrator from tailoring security settings to reflect the environment in which the product is being used. This introduces resultant weaknesses or prevents it from operating at a level of security that is desired by the administrator.,"If the product's administrator does not have the ability to manage security-related decisions at all times, then protecting the product from outside threats - including the product's developer - can become impossible. For example, a hard-coded account name and password cannot be changed by the administrator, thus exposing that product to attacks that the administrator can not prevent.",,Unknown,
1190 CWE-672,Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release (Type: Base),"The software uses, accesses, or otherwise operates on a resource after that resource has been expired, released, or revoked.","If the product's administrator does not have the ability to manage security-related decisions at all times, then protecting the product from outside threats - including the product's developer - can become impossible. For example, a hard-coded account name and password cannot be changed by the administrator, thus exposing that product to attacks that the administrator can not prevent.",,Unknown,
1191 CWE-673,External Influence of Sphere Definition (Type: Class),The product does not prevent the definition of control spheres from external actors.,"Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1192 CWE-674,Uncontrolled Recursion (Type: Base),"The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, which consumes excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.","Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1193 CWE-675,Duplicate Operations on Resource (Type: Class),"The product performs the same operation on a resource two or more times, when the operation should only be applied once.","Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1194 CWE-683,Function Call With Incorrect Order of Arguments (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies the arguments in an incorrect order, leading to resultant weaknesses.","While this weakness might be caught by the compiler in some languages, it can occur more frequently in cases in which the called function accepts variable numbers or types of arguments, such as format strings in C. It also can occur in languages or environments that do not enforce strong typing.",,Unknown,
1195 CWE-684,Incorrect Provision of Specified Functionality (Type: Base),"The code does not function according to its published specifications, potentially leading to incorrect usage.","When providing functionality to an external party, it is important that the software behaves in accordance with the details specified. When requirements of nuances are not documented, the functionality may produce unintended behaviors for the caller, possibly leading to an exploitable state.",,Unknown,
1196 CWE-685,Function Call With Incorrect Number of Arguments (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies too many arguments, or too few arguments, which may lead to undefined behavior and resultant weaknesses.","When providing functionality to an external party, it is important that the software behaves in accordance with the details specified. When requirements of nuances are not documented, the functionality may produce unintended behaviors for the caller, possibly leading to an exploitable state.",,Unknown,
1197 CWE-686,Function Call With Incorrect Argument Type (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies an argument that is the wrong data type, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.","This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1198 CWE-687,Function Call With Incorrectly Specified Argument Value (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies an argument that contains the wrong value, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.","This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1199 CWE-688,Function Call With Incorrect Variable or Reference as Argument (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies the wrong variable or reference as one of the arguments, which may lead to undefined behavior and resultant weaknesses.","This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1200 CWE-69,Improper Handling of Windows ::DATA Alternate Data Stream (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly prevent access to, or detect usage of, alternate data streams (ADS).","An attacker can use an ADS to hide information about a file (e.g. size, the name of the process) from a system or file browser tools such as Windows Explorer and 'dir' at the command line utility. Alternately, the attacker might be able to bypass intended access restrictions for the associated data fork.",,Unknown,"Windows NTFS Alternate Data Streams: http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1822
1780 CWE-670,EN-Always-Incorrect Control Flow Implementation (Type: Class),"The code contains a control flow path that does not reflect the algorithm that the path is intended to implement, leading to incorrect behavior any time this path is navigated.
1781 This weakness captures cases in which a particular code segment is always incorrect with respect to the algorithm that it is implementing. For example, if a C programmer intends to include multiple statements in a single block but does not include the enclosing braces (CWE-483), then the logic is always incorrect. This issue is in contrast to most weaknesses in which the code usually behaves correctly, except when it is externally manipulated in malicious ways.",,Unknown,
1782 CWE-671,EN-Lack of Administrator Control over Security (Type: Class),"The product uses security features in a way that prevents the product's administrator from tailoring security settings to reflect the environment in which the product is being used. This introduces resultant weaknesses or prevents it from operating at a level of security that is desired by the administrator.
1783 If the product's administrator does not have the ability to manage security-related decisions at all times, then protecting the product from outside threats - including the product's developer - can become impossible. For example, a hard-coded account name and password cannot be changed by the administrator, thus exposing that product to attacks that the administrator can not prevent.",,Unknown,
1784 CWE-672,EN-Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release (Type: Base),"The software uses, accesses, or otherwise operates on a resource after that resource has been expired, released, or revoked.
1785 If the product's administrator does not have the ability to manage security-related decisions at all times, then protecting the product from outside threats - including the product's developer - can become impossible. For example, a hard-coded account name and password cannot be changed by the administrator, thus exposing that product to attacks that the administrator can not prevent.",,Unknown,
1786 CWE-673,EN-External Influence of Sphere Definition (Type: Class),"The product does not prevent the definition of control spheres from external actors.
1787 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1788 CWE-674,EN-Uncontrolled Recursion (Type: Base),"The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, which consumes excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.
1789 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1790 CWE-675,EN-Duplicate Operations on Resource (Type: Class),"The product performs the same operation on a resource two or more times, when the operation should only be applied once.
1791 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1792 CWE-683,EN-Function Call With Incorrect Order of Arguments (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies the arguments in an incorrect order, leading to resultant weaknesses.
1793 While this weakness might be caught by the compiler in some languages, it can occur more frequently in cases in which the called function accepts variable numbers or types of arguments, such as format strings in C. It also can occur in languages or environments that do not enforce strong typing.",,Unknown,
1794 CWE-684,EN-Incorrect Provision of Specified Functionality (Type: Base),"The code does not function according to its published specifications, potentially leading to incorrect usage.
1795 When providing functionality to an external party, it is important that the software behaves in accordance with the details specified. When requirements of nuances are not documented, the functionality may produce unintended behaviors for the caller, possibly leading to an exploitable state.",,Unknown,
1796 CWE-685,EN-Function Call With Incorrect Number of Arguments (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies too many arguments, or too few arguments, which may lead to undefined behavior and resultant weaknesses.
1797 When providing functionality to an external party, it is important that the software behaves in accordance with the details specified. When requirements of nuances are not documented, the functionality may produce unintended behaviors for the caller, possibly leading to an exploitable state.",,Unknown,
1798 CWE-686,EN-Function Call With Incorrect Argument Type (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies an argument that is the wrong data type, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.
1799 This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1800 CWE-687,EN-Function Call With Incorrectly Specified Argument Value (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies an argument that contains the wrong value, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.
1801 This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1802 CWE-688,EN-Function Call With Incorrect Variable or Reference as Argument (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies the wrong variable or reference as one of the arguments, which may lead to undefined behavior and resultant weaknesses.
1803 This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1804 CWE-69,EN-Improper Handling of Windows ::DATA Alternate Data Stream (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly prevent access to, or detect usage of, alternate data streams (ADS).
1805 An attacker can use an ADS to hide information about a file (e.g. size, the name of the process) from a system or file browser tools such as Windows Explorer and 'dir' at the command line utility. Alternately, the attacker might be able to bypass intended access restrictions for the associated data fork.",,Unknown,"Windows NTFS Alternate Data Streams: http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1822
12011806 Writing Secure Code"
1202 CWE-691,Insufficient Control Flow Management (Type: Class),"The code does not sufficiently manage its control flow during execution, creating conditions in which the control flow can be modified in unexpected ways.","An attacker can use an ADS to hide information about a file (e.g. size, the name of the process) from a system or file browser tools such as Windows Explorer and 'dir' at the command line utility. Alternately, the attacker might be able to bypass intended access restrictions for the associated data fork.",,Unknown,
1203 CWE-693,Protection Mechanism Failure (Type: Class),The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.,"This weakness covers three distinct situations. A ""missing"" protection mechanism occurs when the application does not define any mechanism against a certain class of attack. An ""insufficient"" protection mechanism might provide some defenses - for example, against the most common attacks - but it does not protect against everything that is intended. Finally, an ""ignored"" mechanism occurs when a mechanism is available and in active use within the product, but the developer has not applied it in some code path.",,Unknown,
1204 CWE-694,Use of Multiple Resources with Duplicate Identifier (Type: Base),"The software uses multiple resources that can have the same identifier, in a context in which unique identifiers are required.","If the software assumes that each resource has a unique identifier, the software could operate on the wrong resource if attackers can cause multiple resources to be associated with the same identifier.",,Unknown,
1205 CWE-695,Use of Low-Level Functionality (Type: Base),The software uses low-level functionality that is explicitly prohibited by the framework or specification under which the software is supposed to operate.,"The use of low-level functionality can violate the specification in unexpected ways that effectively disable built-in protection mechanisms, introduce exploitable inconsistencies, or otherwise expose the functionality to attack.",,Unknown,
1206 CWE-696,Incorrect Behavior Order (Type: Class),"The software performs multiple related behaviors, but the behaviors are performed in the wrong order in ways which may produce resultant weaknesses.","The use of low-level functionality can violate the specification in unexpected ways that effectively disable built-in protection mechanisms, introduce exploitable inconsistencies, or otherwise expose the functionality to attack.",,Unknown,
1207 CWE-697,Insufficient Comparison (Type: Class),"The software compares two entities in a security-relevant context, but the comparison is insufficient, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.","This weakness class covers several possibilities:
1807 CWE-691,EN-Insufficient Control Flow Management (Type: Class),"The code does not sufficiently manage its control flow during execution, creating conditions in which the control flow can be modified in unexpected ways.
1808 An attacker can use an ADS to hide information about a file (e.g. size, the name of the process) from a system or file browser tools such as Windows Explorer and 'dir' at the command line utility. Alternately, the attacker might be able to bypass intended access restrictions for the associated data fork.",,Unknown,
1809 CWE-693,EN-Protection Mechanism Failure (Type: Class),"The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
1810 This weakness covers three distinct situations. A ""missing"" protection mechanism occurs when the application does not define any mechanism against a certain class of attack. An ""insufficient"" protection mechanism might provide some defenses - for example, against the most common attacks - but it does not protect against everything that is intended. Finally, an ""ignored"" mechanism occurs when a mechanism is available and in active use within the product, but the developer has not applied it in some code path.",,Unknown,
1811 CWE-694,EN-Use of Multiple Resources with Duplicate Identifier (Type: Base),"The software uses multiple resources that can have the same identifier, in a context in which unique identifiers are required.
1812 If the software assumes that each resource has a unique identifier, the software could operate on the wrong resource if attackers can cause multiple resources to be associated with the same identifier.",,Unknown,
1813 CWE-695,EN-Use of Low-Level Functionality (Type: Base),"The software uses low-level functionality that is explicitly prohibited by the framework or specification under which the software is supposed to operate.
1814 The use of low-level functionality can violate the specification in unexpected ways that effectively disable built-in protection mechanisms, introduce exploitable inconsistencies, or otherwise expose the functionality to attack.",,Unknown,
1815 CWE-696,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order (Type: Class),"The software performs multiple related behaviors, but the behaviors are performed in the wrong order in ways which may produce resultant weaknesses.
1816 The use of low-level functionality can violate the specification in unexpected ways that effectively disable built-in protection mechanisms, introduce exploitable inconsistencies, or otherwise expose the functionality to attack.",,Unknown,
1817 CWE-697,EN-Insufficient Comparison (Type: Class),"The software compares two entities in a security-relevant context, but the comparison is insufficient, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.
1818 This weakness class covers several possibilities:
12081819 the comparison checks one factor incorrectly;
12091820 the comparison should consider multiple factors, but it does not check some of those factors at all.",,Unknown,
1210 CWE-698,Execution After Redirect (EAR) (Type: Base),"The web application sends a redirect to another location, but instead of exiting, it executes additional code.","This weakness class covers several possibilities:
1821 CWE-698,EN-Execution After Redirect (EAR) (Type: Base),"The web application sends a redirect to another location, but instead of exiting, it executes additional code.
1822 This weakness class covers several possibilities:
12111823 the comparison checks one factor incorrectly;
12121824 the comparison should consider multiple factors, but it does not check some of those factors at all.",,Unknown,Fear the EAR: Discovering and Mitigating Execution After Redirect Vulnerabilities: http://cs.ucsb.edu/~bboe/public/pubs/fear-the-ear-ccs2011.pdf
1213 CWE-7,J2EE Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Variant),The default error page of a web application should not display sensitive information about the software system.,"A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,19 Deadly Sins of Software Security
1214 CWE-703,Improper Check or Handling of Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),The software does not properly anticipate or handle exceptional conditions that rarely occur during normal operation of the software.,"A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,"A Taxonomy of Security Faults in the UNIX Operating System: http://ftp.cerias.purdue.edu/pub/papers/taimur-aslam/aslam-taxonomy-msthesis.pdf
1825 CWE-7,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Variant),"The default error page of a web application should not display sensitive information about the software system.
1826 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,19 Deadly Sins of Software Security
1827 CWE-703,EN-Improper Check or Handling of Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),"The software does not properly anticipate or handle exceptional conditions that rarely occur during normal operation of the software.
1828 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,"A Taxonomy of Security Faults in the UNIX Operating System: http://ftp.cerias.purdue.edu/pub/papers/taimur-aslam/aslam-taxonomy-msthesis.pdf
12151829 Use of A Taxonomy of Security Faults: http://csrc.nist.gov/nissc/1996/papers/NISSC96/paper057/PAPER.PDF
12161830 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143"
1217 CWE-704,Incorrect Type Conversion or Cast (Type: Class),"The software does not correctly convert an object, resource or structure from one type to a different type.","A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1218 CWE-705,Incorrect Control Flow Scoping (Type: Class),The software does not properly return control flow to the proper location after it has completed a task or detected an unusual condition.,"A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1219 CWE-706,Use of Incorrectly-Resolved Name or Reference (Type: Class),"The software uses a name or reference to access a resource, but the name/reference resolves to a resource that is outside of the intended control sphere.","A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1220 CWE-707,Improper Enforcement of Message or Data Structure (Type: Class),The software does not enforce or incorrectly enforces that structured messages or data are well-formed before being read from an upstream component or sent to a downstream component.,"If a message is malformed it may cause the message to be incorrectly interpreted.
1831 CWE-704,EN-Incorrect Type Conversion or Cast (Type: Class),"The software does not correctly convert an object, resource or structure from one type to a different type.
1832 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1833 CWE-705,EN-Incorrect Control Flow Scoping (Type: Class),"The software does not properly return control flow to the proper location after it has completed a task or detected an unusual condition.
1834 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1835 CWE-706,EN-Use of Incorrectly-Resolved Name or Reference (Type: Class),"The software uses a name or reference to access a resource, but the name/reference resolves to a resource that is outside of the intended control sphere.
1836 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1837 CWE-707,EN-Improper Enforcement of Message or Data Structure (Type: Class),"The software does not enforce or incorrectly enforces that structured messages or data are well-formed before being read from an upstream component or sent to a downstream component.
1838 If a message is malformed it may cause the message to be incorrectly interpreted.
12211839 This weakness typically applies in cases where the product prepares a control message that another process must act on, such as a command or query, and malicious input that was intended as data, can enter the control plane instead. However, this weakness also applies to more general cases where there are not always control implications.",,Unknown,
1222 CWE-708,Incorrect Ownership Assignment (Type: Base),"The software assigns an owner to a resource, but the owner is outside of the intended control sphere.",This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.,,Unknown,
1223 CWE-71,Apple .DS_Store (Type: Variant),"Software operating in a MAC OS environment, where .DS_Store is in effect, must carefully manage hard links, otherwise an attacker may be able to leverage a hard link from .DS_Store to overwrite arbitrary files and gain privileges.",This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.,,Unknown,
1224 CWE-710,Coding Standards Violation (Type: Class),"The software does not follow certain coding rules for development, which can lead to resultant weaknesses or increase the severity of the associated vulnerabilities.",This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.,,Unknown,
1225 CWE-72,Improper Handling of Apple HFS+ Alternate Data Stream Path (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle special paths that may identify the data or resource fork of a file on the HFS+ file system.,"If the software chooses actions to take based on the file name, then if an attacker provides the data or resource fork, the software may take unexpected actions. Further, if the software intends to restrict access to a file, then an attacker might still be able to bypass intended access restrictions by requesting the data or resource fork for that file.",,Unknown,No description: http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=300422
1226 CWE-733,Compiler Optimization Removal or Modification of Security-critical Code (Type: Base),The developer builds a security-critical protection mechanism into the software but the compiler optimizes the program such that the mechanism is removed or modified.,"When a resource is given a permissions setting that provides access to a wider range of actors than required, it could lead to the exposure of sensitive information, or the modification of that resource by unintended parties. This is especially dangerous when the resource is related to program configuration, execution or sensitive user data.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""A Compiler Optimization Caveat"" Page 322"
1227 CWE-75,Failure to Sanitize Special Elements into a Different Plane (Special Element Injection) (Type: Class),The software does not adequately filter user-controlled input for special elements with control implications.,"This weakness can lead to a wide variety of resultant weaknesses, depending on the behavior of the exposed method. It can apply to any number of technologies and approaches, such as ActiveX controls, Java functions, IOCTLs, and so on.
1840 CWE-708,EN-Incorrect Ownership Assignment (Type: Base),"The software assigns an owner to a resource, but the owner is outside of the intended control sphere.
1841 This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.",,Unknown,
1842 CWE-71,EN-Apple .DS_Store (Type: Variant),"Software operating in a MAC OS environment, where .DS_Store is in effect, must carefully manage hard links, otherwise an attacker may be able to leverage a hard link from .DS_Store to overwrite arbitrary files and gain privileges.
1843 This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.",,Unknown,
1844 CWE-710,EN-Coding Standards Violation (Type: Class),"The software does not follow certain coding rules for development, which can lead to resultant weaknesses or increase the severity of the associated vulnerabilities.
1845 This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.",,Unknown,
1846 CWE-72,EN-Improper Handling of Apple HFS+ Alternate Data Stream Path (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle special paths that may identify the data or resource fork of a file on the HFS+ file system.
1847 If the software chooses actions to take based on the file name, then if an attacker provides the data or resource fork, the software may take unexpected actions. Further, if the software intends to restrict access to a file, then an attacker might still be able to bypass intended access restrictions by requesting the data or resource fork for that file.",,Unknown,No description: http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=300422
1848 CWE-733,EN-Compiler Optimization Removal or Modification of Security-critical Code (Type: Base),"The developer builds a security-critical protection mechanism into the software but the compiler optimizes the program such that the mechanism is removed or modified.
1849 When a resource is given a permissions setting that provides access to a wider range of actors than required, it could lead to the exposure of sensitive information, or the modification of that resource by unintended parties. This is especially dangerous when the resource is related to program configuration, execution or sensitive user data.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""A Compiler Optimization Caveat"" Page 322"
1850 CWE-75,EN-Failure to Sanitize Special Elements into a Different Plane (Special Element Injection) (Type: Class),"The software does not adequately filter user-controlled input for special elements with control implications.
1851 This weakness can lead to a wide variety of resultant weaknesses, depending on the behavior of the exposed method. It can apply to any number of technologies and approaches, such as ActiveX controls, Java functions, IOCTLs, and so on.
12281852 The exposure can occur in a few different ways:
12291853 1) The function/method was never intended to be exposed to outside actors.
12301854 2) The function/method was only intended to be accessible to a limited set of actors, such as Internet-based access from a single web site.",,Unknown,
1231 CWE-756,Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Class),"The software does not return custom error pages to the user, possibly exposing sensitive information.","The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
1855 CWE-756,EN-Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Class),"The software does not return custom error pages to the user, possibly exposing sensitive information.
1856 The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
12321857 Note that this entry is not exclusively about the use of exceptions and exception handling, which are mechanisms for both checking and handling unusual or unexpected conditions.",,Unknown,
1233 CWE-757,Selection of Less-Secure Algorithm During Negotiation (Algorithm Downgrade) (Type: Class),"A protocol or its implementation supports interaction between multiple actors and allows those actors to negotiate which algorithm should be used as a protection mechanism such as encryption or authentication, but it does not select the strongest algorithm that is available to both parties.","When a security mechanism can be forced to downgrade to use a less secure algorithm, this can make it easier for attackers to compromise the software by exploiting weaker algorithm. The victim might not be aware that the less secure algorithm is being used. For example, if an attacker can force a communications channel to use cleartext instead of strongly-encrypted data, then the attacker could read the channel by sniffing, instead of going through extra effort of trying to decrypt the data using brute force techniques.",,Unknown,
1234 CWE-758,"Reliance on Undefined, Unspecified, or Implementation-Defined Behavior (Type: Class)","The software uses an API function, data structure, or other entity in a way that relies on properties that are not always guaranteed to hold for that entity.","This can lead to resultant weaknesses when the required properties change, such as when the software is ported to a different platform or if an interaction error (CWE-435) occurs.",,Unknown,
1235 CWE-759,Use of a One-Way Hash without a Salt (Type: Base),"The software uses a one-way cryptographic hash against an input that should not be reversible, such as a password, but the software does not also use a salt as part of the input.","This makes it easier for attackers to pre-compute the hash value using dictionary attack techniques such as rainbow tables.
1858 CWE-757,EN-Selection of Less-Secure Algorithm During Negotiation (Algorithm Downgrade) (Type: Class),"A protocol or its implementation supports interaction between multiple actors and allows those actors to negotiate which algorithm should be used as a protection mechanism such as encryption or authentication, but it does not select the strongest algorithm that is available to both parties.
1859 When a security mechanism can be forced to downgrade to use a less secure algorithm, this can make it easier for attackers to compromise the software by exploiting weaker algorithm. The victim might not be aware that the less secure algorithm is being used. For example, if an attacker can force a communications channel to use cleartext instead of strongly-encrypted data, then the attacker could read the channel by sniffing, instead of going through extra effort of trying to decrypt the data using brute force techniques.",,Unknown,
1860 CWE-758,"EN-Reliance on Undefined, Unspecified, or Implementation-Defined Behavior (Type: Class)","The software uses an API function, data structure, or other entity in a way that relies on properties that are not always guaranteed to hold for that entity.
1861 This can lead to resultant weaknesses when the required properties change, such as when the software is ported to a different platform or if an interaction error (CWE-435) occurs.",,Unknown,
1862 CWE-759,EN-Use of a One-Way Hash without a Salt (Type: Base),"The software uses a one-way cryptographic hash against an input that should not be reversible, such as a password, but the software does not also use a salt as part of the input.
1863 This makes it easier for attackers to pre-compute the hash value using dictionary attack techniques such as rainbow tables.
12361864 It should be noted that, despite common perceptions, the use of a good salt with a hash does not sufficiently increase the effort for an attacker who is targeting an individual password, or who has a large amount of computing resources available, such as with cloud-based services or specialized, inexpensive hardware. Offline password cracking can still be effective if the hash function is not expensive to compute; many cryptographic functions are designed to be efficient and can be vulnerable to attacks using massive computing resources, even if the hash is cryptographically strong. The use of a salt only slightly increases the computing requirements for an attacker compared to other strategies such as adaptive hash functions. See CWE-916 for more details.",,Unknown,"bcrypt: http://bcrypt.sourceforge.net/
12371865 Tarsnap - The scrypt key derivation function and encryption utility: http://www.tarsnap.com/scrypt.html
12381866 RFC2898 - PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2898
12501878 How To Safely Store A Password: http://codahale.com/how-to-safely-store-a-password/
12511879 Our password hashing has no clothes: http://www.troyhunt.com/2012/06/our-password-hashing-has-no-clothes.html
12521880 Should we really use bcrypt/scrypt?: http://www.analyticalengine.net/2012/06/should-we-really-use-bcryptscrypt/"
1253 CWE-760,Use of a One-Way Hash with a Predictable Salt (Type: Base),"The software uses a one-way cryptographic hash against an input that should not be reversible, such as a password, but the software uses a predictable salt as part of the input.","This makes it easier for attackers to pre-compute the hash value using dictionary attack techniques such as rainbow tables, effectively disabling the protection that an unpredictable salt would provide.
1881 CWE-760,EN-Use of a One-Way Hash with a Predictable Salt (Type: Base),"The software uses a one-way cryptographic hash against an input that should not be reversible, such as a password, but the software uses a predictable salt as part of the input.
1882 This makes it easier for attackers to pre-compute the hash value using dictionary attack techniques such as rainbow tables, effectively disabling the protection that an unpredictable salt would provide.
12541883 It should be noted that, despite common perceptions, the use of a good salt with a hash does not sufficiently increase the effort for an attacker who is targeting an individual password, or who has a large amount of computing resources available, such as with cloud-based services or specialized, inexpensive hardware. Offline password cracking can still be effective if the hash function is not expensive to compute; many cryptographic functions are designed to be efficient and can be vulnerable to attacks using massive computing resources, even if the hash is cryptographically strong. The use of a salt only slightly increases the computing requirements for an attacker compared to other strategies such as adaptive hash functions. See CWE-916 for more details.",,Unknown,"bcrypt: http://bcrypt.sourceforge.net/
12551884 Tarsnap - The scrypt key derivation function and encryption utility: http://www.tarsnap.com/scrypt.html
12561885 RFC2898 - PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2898
12681897 How To Safely Store A Password: http://codahale.com/how-to-safely-store-a-password/
12691898 Our password hashing has no clothes: http://www.troyhunt.com/2012/06/our-password-hashing-has-no-clothes.html
12701899 Should we really use bcrypt/scrypt?: http://www.analyticalengine.net/2012/06/should-we-really-use-bcryptscrypt/"
1271 CWE-761,Free of Pointer not at Start of Buffer (Type: Variant),"The application calls free() on a pointer to a memory resource that was allocated on the heap, but the pointer is not at the start of the buffer.","This can cause the application to crash, or in some cases, modify critical program variables or execute code.
1900 CWE-761,EN-Free of Pointer not at Start of Buffer (Type: Variant),"The application calls free() on a pointer to a memory resource that was allocated on the heap, but the pointer is not at the start of the buffer.
1901 This can cause the application to crash, or in some cases, modify critical program variables or execute code.
12721902 This weakness often occurs when the memory is allocated explicitly on the heap with one of the malloc() family functions and free() is called, but pointer arithmetic has caused the pointer to be in the interior or end of the buffer.",,Unknown,"boost C++ Library Smart Pointers: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_38_0/libs/smart_ptr/smart_ptr.htm
12731903 Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/"
1274 CWE-763,Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference (Type: Base),"The application attempts to return a memory resource to the system, but calls the wrong release function or calls the appropriate release function incorrectly.","This weakness can take several forms, such as:
1904 CWE-763,EN-Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference (Type: Base),"The application attempts to return a memory resource to the system, but calls the wrong release function or calls the appropriate release function incorrectly.
1905 This weakness can take several forms, such as:
12751906 The memory was allocated, explicitly or implicitly, via one memory management method and deallocated using a different, non-compatible function (CWE-762).
12761907 The function calls or memory management routines chosen are appropriate, however they are used incorrectly, such as in CWE-761.",,Unknown,"boost C++ Library Smart Pointers: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_38_0/libs/smart_ptr/smart_ptr.htm
12771908 Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/"
1278 CWE-764,Multiple Locks of a Critical Resource (Type: Variant),"The software locks a critical resource more times than intended, leading to an unexpected state in the system.","When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly locks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra locking calls will reduce the size of the total available pool, possibly leading to degraded performance or a denial of service. If this can be triggered by an attacker, it will be similar to an unrestricted lock (CWE-412). In the context of a binary lock, it is likely that any duplicate locking attempts will never succeed since the lock is already held and progress may not be possible.",,Unknown,
1279 CWE-765,Multiple Unlocks of a Critical Resource (Type: Variant),"The software unlocks a critical resource more times than intended, leading to an unexpected state in the system.","When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly unlocks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra calls to unlock will increase the count for the number of available resources, likely resulting in a crash or unpredictable behavior when the system nears capacity.",,Unknown,
1280 CWE-785,Use of Path Manipulation Function without Maximum-sized Buffer (Type: Variant),"The software invokes a function for normalizing paths or file names, but it provides an output buffer that is smaller than the maximum possible size, such as PATH_MAX.","Passing an inadequately-sized output buffer to a path manipulation function can result in a buffer overflow. Such functions include realpath(), readlink(), PathAppend(), and others.",,Unknown,
1281 CWE-786,Access of Memory Location Before Start of Buffer (Type: Base),The software reads or writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location prior to the beginning of the buffer.,"This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used.",,Unknown,
1282 CWE-787,Out-of-bounds Write (Type: Base),"The software writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.","This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented or decremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in corruption of sensitive information, a crash, or code execution among other things.",,Unknown,
1283 CWE-788,Access of Memory Location After End of Buffer (Type: Base),The software reads or writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location after the end of the buffer.,"This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. These problems may be resultant from missing sentinel values (CWE-463) or trusting a user-influenced input length variable.",,Unknown,
1284 CWE-790,Improper Filtering of Special Elements (Type: Class),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not filter or incorrectly filters special elements before sending it to a downstream component.","Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
1909 CWE-764,EN-Multiple Locks of a Critical Resource (Type: Variant),"The software locks a critical resource more times than intended, leading to an unexpected state in the system.
1910 When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly locks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra locking calls will reduce the size of the total available pool, possibly leading to degraded performance or a denial of service. If this can be triggered by an attacker, it will be similar to an unrestricted lock (CWE-412). In the context of a binary lock, it is likely that any duplicate locking attempts will never succeed since the lock is already held and progress may not be possible.",,Unknown,
1911 CWE-765,EN-Multiple Unlocks of a Critical Resource (Type: Variant),"The software unlocks a critical resource more times than intended, leading to an unexpected state in the system.
1912 When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly unlocks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra calls to unlock will increase the count for the number of available resources, likely resulting in a crash or unpredictable behavior when the system nears capacity.",,Unknown,
1913 CWE-785,EN-Use of Path Manipulation Function without Maximum-sized Buffer (Type: Variant),"The software invokes a function for normalizing paths or file names, but it provides an output buffer that is smaller than the maximum possible size, such as PATH_MAX.
1914 Passing an inadequately-sized output buffer to a path manipulation function can result in a buffer overflow. Such functions include realpath(), readlink(), PathAppend(), and others.",,Unknown,
1915 CWE-786,EN-Access of Memory Location Before Start of Buffer (Type: Base),"The software reads or writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location prior to the beginning of the buffer.
1916 This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used.",,Unknown,
1917 CWE-787,EN-Out-of-bounds Write (Type: Base),"The software writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
1918 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented or decremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in corruption of sensitive information, a crash, or code execution among other things.",,Unknown,
1919 CWE-788,EN-Access of Memory Location After End of Buffer (Type: Base),"The software reads or writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location after the end of the buffer.
1920 This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. These problems may be resultant from missing sentinel values (CWE-463) or trusting a user-influenced input length variable.",,Unknown,
1921 CWE-790,EN-Improper Filtering of Special Elements (Type: Class),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not filter or incorrectly filters special elements before sending it to a downstream component.
1922 Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
12851923 1. Untrusted data enters a web application, typically from a web request.
12861924 2. The web application dynamically generates a web page that contains this untrusted data.
12871925 3. During page generation, the application does not prevent the data from containing content that is executable by a web browser, such as JavaScript, HTML tags, HTML attributes, mouse events, Flash, ActiveX, etc.
12941932 In DOM-based XSS, the client performs the injection of XSS into the page; in the other types, the server performs the injection. DOM-based XSS generally involves server-controlled, trusted script that is sent to the client, such as Javascript that performs sanity checks on a form before the user submits it. If the server-supplied script processes user-supplied data and then injects it back into the web page (such as with dynamic HTML), then DOM-based XSS is possible.
12951933 Once the malicious script is injected, the attacker can perform a variety of malicious activities. The attacker could transfer private information, such as cookies that may include session information, from the victim's machine to the attacker. The attacker could send malicious requests to a web site on behalf of the victim, which could be especially dangerous to the site if the victim has administrator privileges to manage that site. Phishing attacks could be used to emulate trusted web sites and trick the victim into entering a password, allowing the attacker to compromise the victim's account on that web site. Finally, the script could exploit a vulnerability in the web browser itself possibly taking over the victim's machine, sometimes referred to as ""drive-by hacking.""
12961934 In many cases, the attack can be launched without the victim even being aware of it. Even with careful users, attackers frequently use a variety of methods to encode the malicious portion of the attack, such as URL encoding or Unicode, so the request looks less suspicious.",,Unknown,
1297 CWE-791,Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter special elements before sending it to a downstream component.","Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
1935 CWE-791,EN-Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter special elements before sending it to a downstream component.
1936 Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
12981937 1. Untrusted data enters a web application, typically from a web request.
12991938 2. The web application dynamically generates a web page that contains this untrusted data.
13001939 3. During page generation, the application does not prevent the data from containing content that is executable by a web browser, such as JavaScript, HTML tags, HTML attributes, mouse events, Flash, ActiveX, etc.
13071946 In DOM-based XSS, the client performs the injection of XSS into the page; in the other types, the server performs the injection. DOM-based XSS generally involves server-controlled, trusted script that is sent to the client, such as Javascript that performs sanity checks on a form before the user submits it. If the server-supplied script processes user-supplied data and then injects it back into the web page (such as with dynamic HTML), then DOM-based XSS is possible.
13081947 Once the malicious script is injected, the attacker can perform a variety of malicious activities. The attacker could transfer private information, such as cookies that may include session information, from the victim's machine to the attacker. The attacker could send malicious requests to a web site on behalf of the victim, which could be especially dangerous to the site if the victim has administrator privileges to manage that site. Phishing attacks could be used to emulate trusted web sites and trick the victim into entering a password, allowing the attacker to compromise the victim's account on that web site. Finally, the script could exploit a vulnerability in the web browser itself possibly taking over the victim's machine, sometimes referred to as ""drive-by hacking.""
13091948 In many cases, the attack can be launched without the victim even being aware of it. Even with careful users, attackers frequently use a variety of methods to encode the malicious portion of the attack, such as URL encoding or Unicode, so the request looks less suspicious.",,Unknown,
1310 CWE-792,Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter one or more instances of special elements before sending it to a downstream component.","Incomplete filtering of this nature involves either
1949 CWE-792,EN-Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter one or more instances of special elements before sending it to a downstream component.
1950 Incomplete filtering of this nature involves either
13111951 only filtering a single instance of a special element when more exist, or
13121952 not filtering all instances or all elements where multiple special elements exist.",,Unknown,
1313 CWE-793,Only Filtering One Instance of a Special Element (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only filters a single instance of a special element before sending it to a downstream component.","Incomplete filtering of this nature may be location-dependent, as in only the first or last element is filtered.",,Unknown,
1314 CWE-794,Incomplete Filtering of Multiple Instances of Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not filter all instances of a special element before sending it to a downstream component.","Incomplete filtering of this nature may be applied to
1953 CWE-793,EN-Only Filtering One Instance of a Special Element (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only filters a single instance of a special element before sending it to a downstream component.
1954 Incomplete filtering of this nature may be location-dependent, as in only the first or last element is filtered.",,Unknown,
1955 CWE-794,EN-Incomplete Filtering of Multiple Instances of Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not filter all instances of a special element before sending it to a downstream component.
1956 Incomplete filtering of this nature may be applied to
13151957 sequential elements (special elements that appear next to each other) or
13161958 non-sequential elements (special elements that appear multiple times in different locations).",,Unknown,
1317 CWE-795,Only Filtering Special Elements at a Specified Location (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements at a specified location, thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.","A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
1959 CWE-795,EN-Only Filtering Special Elements at a Specified Location (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements at a specified location, thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.
1960 A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
13181961 relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of string; the second argument""), or
13191962 at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10"").
13201963 This may leave special elements in the data that did not match the filter position, but still may be dangerous.",,Unknown,
1321 CWE-796,Only Filtering Special Elements Relative to a Marker (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements positioned relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of a string; the second argument""), thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.","A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
1964 CWE-796,EN-Only Filtering Special Elements Relative to a Marker (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements positioned relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of a string; the second argument""), thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.
1965 A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
13221966 relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of string; the second argument""), or
13231967 at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10"").
13241968 This may leave special elements in the data that did not match the filter position, but still may be dangerous.",,Unknown,
1325 CWE-797,Only Filtering Special Elements at an Absolute Position (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10""), thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.","A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
1969 CWE-797,EN-Only Filtering Special Elements at an Absolute Position (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10""), thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.
1970 A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
13261971 relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of string; the second argument""), or
13271972 at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10"").
13281973 This may leave special elements in the data that did not match the filter position, but still may be dangerous.",,Unknown,
1329 CWE-799,Improper Control of Interaction Frequency (Type: Class),"The software does not properly limit the number or frequency of interactions that it has with an actor, such as the number of incoming requests.","This can allow the actor to perform actions more frequently than expected. The actor could be a human or an automated process such as a virus or bot. This could be used to cause a denial of service, compromise program logic (such as limiting humans to a single vote), or other consequences. For example, an authentication routine might not limit the number of times an attacker can guess a password. Or, a web site might conduct a poll but only expect humans to vote a maximum of once a day.",,Unknown,Insufficient Anti-automation: http://projects.webappsec.org/Insufficient+Anti-automation
1330 CWE-8,J2EE Misconfiguration: Entity Bean Declared Remote (Type: Variant),"When an application exposes a remote interface for an entity bean, it might also expose methods that get or set the bean's data. These methods could be leveraged to read sensitive information, or to change data in ways that violate the application's expectations, potentially leading to other vulnerabilities.","This can allow the actor to perform actions more frequently than expected. The actor could be a human or an automated process such as a virus or bot. This could be used to cause a denial of service, compromise program logic (such as limiting humans to a single vote), or other consequences. For example, an authentication routine might not limit the number of times an attacker can guess a password. Or, a web site might conduct a poll but only expect humans to vote a maximum of once a day.",,Unknown,
1331 CWE-81,Improper Neutralization of Script in an Error Message Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to an error page.","Error pages may include customized 403 Forbidden or 404 Not Found pages.
1974 CWE-799,EN-Improper Control of Interaction Frequency (Type: Class),"The software does not properly limit the number or frequency of interactions that it has with an actor, such as the number of incoming requests.
1975 This can allow the actor to perform actions more frequently than expected. The actor could be a human or an automated process such as a virus or bot. This could be used to cause a denial of service, compromise program logic (such as limiting humans to a single vote), or other consequences. For example, an authentication routine might not limit the number of times an attacker can guess a password. Or, a web site might conduct a poll but only expect humans to vote a maximum of once a day.",,Unknown,Insufficient Anti-automation: http://projects.webappsec.org/Insufficient+Anti-automation
1976 CWE-8,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Entity Bean Declared Remote (Type: Variant),"When an application exposes a remote interface for an entity bean, it might also expose methods that get or set the bean's data. These methods could be leveraged to read sensitive information, or to change data in ways that violate the application's expectations, potentially leading to other vulnerabilities.
1977 This can allow the actor to perform actions more frequently than expected. The actor could be a human or an automated process such as a virus or bot. This could be used to cause a denial of service, compromise program logic (such as limiting humans to a single vote), or other consequences. For example, an authentication routine might not limit the number of times an attacker can guess a password. Or, a web site might conduct a poll but only expect humans to vote a maximum of once a day.",,Unknown,
1978 CWE-81,EN-Improper Neutralization of Script in an Error Message Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to an error page.
1979 Error pages may include customized 403 Forbidden or 404 Not Found pages.
13321980 When an attacker can trigger an error that contains unneutralized input, then cross-site scripting attacks may be possible.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183"
1333 CWE-82,Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes of IMG Tags in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The web application does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes scripting elements within attributes of HTML IMG tags, such as the src attribute.","Attackers can embed XSS exploits into the values for IMG attributes (e.g. SRC) that is streamed and then executed in a victim's browser. Note that when the page is loaded into a user's browsers, the exploit will automatically execute.",,Unknown,
1334 CWE-820,Missing Synchronization (Type: Base),The software utilizes a shared resource in a concurrent manner but does not attempt to synchronize access to the resource.,"If access to a shared resource is not synchronized, then the resource may not be in a state that is expected by the software. This might lead to unexpected or insecure behaviors, especially if an attacker can influence the shared resource.",,Unknown,
1335 CWE-821,Incorrect Synchronization (Type: Base),The software utilizes a shared resource in a concurrent manner but it does not correctly synchronize access to the resource.,"If access to a shared resource is not correctly synchronized, then the resource may not be in a state that is expected by the software. This might lead to unexpected or insecure behaviors, especially if an attacker can influence the shared resource.",,Unknown,
1336 CWE-822,Untrusted Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"The program obtains a value from an untrusted source, converts this value to a pointer, and dereferences the resulting pointer.","An attacker can supply a pointer for memory locations that the program is not expecting. If the pointer is dereferenced for a write operation, the attack might allow modification of critical program state variables, cause a crash, or execute code. If the dereferencing operation is for a read, then the attack might allow reading of sensitive data, cause a crash, or set a program variable to an unexpected value (since the value will be read from an unexpected memory location).
1981 CWE-82,EN-Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes of IMG Tags in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The web application does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes scripting elements within attributes of HTML IMG tags, such as the src attribute.
1982 Attackers can embed XSS exploits into the values for IMG attributes (e.g. SRC) that is streamed and then executed in a victim's browser. Note that when the page is loaded into a user's browsers, the exploit will automatically execute.",,Unknown,
1983 CWE-820,EN-Missing Synchronization (Type: Base),"The software utilizes a shared resource in a concurrent manner but does not attempt to synchronize access to the resource.
1984 If access to a shared resource is not synchronized, then the resource may not be in a state that is expected by the software. This might lead to unexpected or insecure behaviors, especially if an attacker can influence the shared resource.",,Unknown,
1985 CWE-821,EN-Incorrect Synchronization (Type: Base),"The software utilizes a shared resource in a concurrent manner but it does not correctly synchronize access to the resource.
1986 If access to a shared resource is not correctly synchronized, then the resource may not be in a state that is expected by the software. This might lead to unexpected or insecure behaviors, especially if an attacker can influence the shared resource.",,Unknown,
1987 CWE-822,EN-Untrusted Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"The program obtains a value from an untrusted source, converts this value to a pointer, and dereferences the resulting pointer.
1988 An attacker can supply a pointer for memory locations that the program is not expecting. If the pointer is dereferenced for a write operation, the attack might allow modification of critical program state variables, cause a crash, or execute code. If the dereferencing operation is for a read, then the attack might allow reading of sensitive data, cause a crash, or set a program variable to an unexpected value (since the value will be read from an unexpected memory location).
13371989 There are several variants of this weakness, including but not necessarily limited to:
13381990 The untrusted value is directly invoked as a function call.
13391991 In OS kernels or drivers where there is a boundary between ""userland"" and privileged memory spaces, an untrusted pointer might enter through an API or system call (see CWE-781 for one such example).
13401992 Inadvertently accepting the value from an untrusted control sphere when it did not have to be accepted as input at all. This might occur when the code was originally developed to be run by a single user in a non-networked environment, and the code is then ported to or otherwise exposed to a networked environment.",,Unknown,
1341 CWE-823,Use of Out-of-range Pointer Offset (Type: Base),"The program performs pointer arithmetic on a valid pointer, but it uses an offset that can point outside of the intended range of valid memory locations for the resulting pointer.","While a pointer can contain a reference to any arbitrary memory location, a program typically only intends to use the pointer to access limited portions of memory, such as contiguous memory used to access an individual array.
1993 CWE-823,EN-Use of Out-of-range Pointer Offset (Type: Base),"The program performs pointer arithmetic on a valid pointer, but it uses an offset that can point outside of the intended range of valid memory locations for the resulting pointer.
1994 While a pointer can contain a reference to any arbitrary memory location, a program typically only intends to use the pointer to access limited portions of memory, such as contiguous memory used to access an individual array.
13421995 Programs may use offsets in order to access fields or sub-elements stored within structured data. The offset might be out-of-range if it comes from an untrusted source, is the result of an incorrect calculation, or occurs because of another error.
13431996 If an attacker can control or influence the offset so that it points outside of the intended boundaries of the structure, then the attacker may be able to read or write to memory locations that are used elsewhere in the program. As a result, the attack might change the state of the software as accessed through program variables, cause a crash or instable behavior, and possibly lead to code execution.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Pointer Arithmetic"", Page 277."
1344 CWE-824,Access of Uninitialized Pointer (Type: Base),The program accesses or uses a pointer that has not been initialized.,"If the pointer contains an uninitialized value, then the value might not point to a valid memory location. This could cause the program to read from or write to unexpected memory locations, leading to a denial of service. If the uninitialized pointer is used as a function call, then arbitrary functions could be invoked. If an attacker can influence the portion of uninitialized memory that is contained in the pointer, this weakness could be leveraged to execute code or perform other attacks.
1997 CWE-824,EN-Access of Uninitialized Pointer (Type: Base),"The program accesses or uses a pointer that has not been initialized.
1998 If the pointer contains an uninitialized value, then the value might not point to a valid memory location. This could cause the program to read from or write to unexpected memory locations, leading to a denial of service. If the uninitialized pointer is used as a function call, then arbitrary functions could be invoked. If an attacker can influence the portion of uninitialized memory that is contained in the pointer, this weakness could be leveraged to execute code or perform other attacks.
13451999 Depending on memory layout, associated memory management behaviors, and program operation, the attacker might be able to influence the contents of the uninitialized pointer, thus gaining more fine-grained control of the memory location to be accessed.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
1346 CWE-825,Expired Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"The program dereferences a pointer that contains a location for memory that was previously valid, but is no longer valid.","When a program releases memory, but it maintains a pointer to that memory, then the memory might be re-allocated at a later time. If the original pointer is accessed to read or write data, then this could cause the program to read or modify data that is in use by a different function or process. Depending on how the newly-allocated memory is used, this could lead to a denial of service, information exposure, or code execution.",,Unknown,
1347 CWE-826,Premature Release of Resource During Expected Lifetime (Type: Base),The program releases a resource that is still intended to be used by the program itself or another actor.,"This weakness focuses on errors in which the program should not release a resource, but performs the release anyway. This is different than a weakness in which the program releases a resource at the appropriate time, but it maintains a reference to the resource, which it later accesses. For this weaknesses, the resource should still be valid upon the subsequent access.
2000 CWE-825,EN-Expired Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"The program dereferences a pointer that contains a location for memory that was previously valid, but is no longer valid.
2001 When a program releases memory, but it maintains a pointer to that memory, then the memory might be re-allocated at a later time. If the original pointer is accessed to read or write data, then this could cause the program to read or modify data that is in use by a different function or process. Depending on how the newly-allocated memory is used, this could lead to a denial of service, information exposure, or code execution.",,Unknown,
2002 CWE-826,EN-Premature Release of Resource During Expected Lifetime (Type: Base),"The program releases a resource that is still intended to be used by the program itself or another actor.
2003 This weakness focuses on errors in which the program should not release a resource, but performs the release anyway. This is different than a weakness in which the program releases a resource at the appropriate time, but it maintains a reference to the resource, which it later accesses. For this weaknesses, the resource should still be valid upon the subsequent access.
13482004 When a program releases a resource that is still being used, it is possible that operations will still be taken on this resource, which may have been repurposed in the meantime, leading to issues similar to CWE-825. Consequences may include denial of service, information exposure, or code execution.",,Unknown,
1349 CWE-827,Improper Control of Document Type Definition (Type: Base),"The software does not restrict a reference to a Document Type Definition (DTD) to the intended control sphere. This might allow attackers to reference arbitrary DTDs, possibly causing the software to expose files, consume excessive system resources, or execute arbitrary http requests on behalf of the attacker.","As DTDs are processed, they might try to read or include files on the machine performing the parsing. If an attacker is able to control the DTD, then the attacker might be able to specify sensitive resources or requests or provide malicious content.
2005 CWE-827,EN-Improper Control of Document Type Definition (Type: Base),"The software does not restrict a reference to a Document Type Definition (DTD) to the intended control sphere. This might allow attackers to reference arbitrary DTDs, possibly causing the software to expose files, consume excessive system resources, or execute arbitrary http requests on behalf of the attacker.
2006 As DTDs are processed, they might try to read or include files on the machine performing the parsing. If an attacker is able to control the DTD, then the attacker might be able to specify sensitive resources or requests or provide malicious content.
13502007 For example, the SOAP specification prohibits SOAP messages from containing DTDs.",,Unknown,Apache CXF Security Advisory (CVE-2010-2076): http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/cxf/trunk/security/CVE-2010-2076.pdf
1351 CWE-828,Signal Handler with Functionality that is not Asynchronous-Safe (Type: Base),"The software defines a signal handler that contains code sequences that are not asynchronous-safe, i.e., the functionality is not reentrant, or it can be interrupted.","This can lead to an unexpected system state with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
2008 CWE-828,EN-Signal Handler with Functionality that is not Asynchronous-Safe (Type: Base),"The software defines a signal handler that contains code sequences that are not asynchronous-safe, i.e., the functionality is not reentrant, or it can be interrupted.
2009 This can lead to an unexpected system state with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
13522010 Signal handlers are typically intended to interrupt normal functionality of a program, or even other signals, in order to notify the process of an event. When a signal handler uses global or static variables, or invokes functions that ultimately depend on such state or its associated metadata, then it could corrupt system state that is being used by normal functionality. This could subject the program to race conditions or other weaknesses that allow an attacker to cause the program state to be corrupted. While denial of service is frequently the consequence, in some cases this weakness could be leveraged for code execution.
13532011 There are several different scenarios that introduce this issue:
13542012 Invocation of non-reentrant functions from within the handler. One example is malloc(), which modifies internal global variables as it manages memory. Very few functions are actually reentrant.
13572015 Note that in some environments or contexts, it might be possible for the signal handler to be interrupted itself.
13582016 If both a signal handler and the normal behavior of the software have to operate on the same set of state variables, and a signal is received in the middle of the normal execution's modifications of those variables, the variables may be in an incorrect or corrupt state during signal handler execution, and possibly still incorrect or corrupt upon return.",,Unknown,"Delivering Signals for Fun and Profit: http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/signals.txt
13592017 Race Condition: Signal Handling: http://www.fortify.com/vulncat/en/vulncat/cpp/race_condition_signal_handling.html"
1360 CWE-829,Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere (Type: Class),"The software imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.","When including third-party functionality, such as a web widget, library, or other source of functionality, the software must effectively trust that functionality. Without sufficient protection mechanisms, the functionality could be malicious in nature (either by coming from an untrusted source, being spoofed, or being modified in transit from a trusted source). The functionality might also contain its own weaknesses, or grant access to additional functionality and state information that should be kept private to the base system, such as system state information, sensitive application data, or the DOM of a web application.
2018 CWE-829,EN-Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere (Type: Class),"The software imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.
2019 When including third-party functionality, such as a web widget, library, or other source of functionality, the software must effectively trust that functionality. Without sufficient protection mechanisms, the functionality could be malicious in nature (either by coming from an untrusted source, being spoofed, or being modified in transit from a trusted source). The functionality might also contain its own weaknesses, or grant access to additional functionality and state information that should be kept private to the base system, such as system state information, sensitive application data, or the DOM of a web application.
13612020 This might lead to many different consequences depending on the included functionality, but some examples include injection of malware, information exposure by granting excessive privileges or permissions to the untrusted functionality, DOM-based XSS vulnerabilities, stealing user's cookies, or open redirect to malware (CWE-601).",,Unknown,"OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
13622021 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
1363 CWE-83,Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes ""javascript:"" or other URIs from dangerous attributes within tags, such as onmouseover, onload, onerror, or style.","When including third-party functionality, such as a web widget, library, or other source of functionality, the software must effectively trust that functionality. Without sufficient protection mechanisms, the functionality could be malicious in nature (either by coming from an untrusted source, being spoofed, or being modified in transit from a trusted source). The functionality might also contain its own weaknesses, or grant access to additional functionality and state information that should be kept private to the base system, such as system state information, sensitive application data, or the DOM of a web application.
2022 CWE-83,EN-Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes ""javascript:"" or other URIs from dangerous attributes within tags, such as onmouseover, onload, onerror, or style.
2023 When including third-party functionality, such as a web widget, library, or other source of functionality, the software must effectively trust that functionality. Without sufficient protection mechanisms, the functionality could be malicious in nature (either by coming from an untrusted source, being spoofed, or being modified in transit from a trusted source). The functionality might also contain its own weaknesses, or grant access to additional functionality and state information that should be kept private to the base system, such as system state information, sensitive application data, or the DOM of a web application.
13642024 This might lead to many different consequences depending on the included functionality, but some examples include injection of malware, information exposure by granting excessive privileges or permissions to the untrusted functionality, DOM-based XSS vulnerabilities, stealing user's cookies, or open redirect to malware (CWE-601).",,Unknown,
1365 CWE-830,Inclusion of Web Functionality from an Untrusted Source (Type: Base),"The software includes web functionality (such as a web widget) from another domain, which causes it to operate within the domain of the software, potentially granting total access and control of the software to the untrusted source.","Including third party functionality in a web-based environment is risky, especially if the source of the functionality is untrusted.
2025 CWE-830,EN-Inclusion of Web Functionality from an Untrusted Source (Type: Base),"The software includes web functionality (such as a web widget) from another domain, which causes it to operate within the domain of the software, potentially granting total access and control of the software to the untrusted source.
2026 Including third party functionality in a web-based environment is risky, especially if the source of the functionality is untrusted.
13662027 Even if the third party is a trusted source, the software may still be exposed to attacks and malicious behavior if that trusted source is compromised, or if the code is modified in transmission from the third party to the software.
13672028 This weakness is common in ""mashup"" development on the web, which may include source functionality from other domains. For example, Javascript-based web widgets may be inserted by using '<SCRIPT SRC=""http://other.domain.here"">' tags, which causes the code to run in the domain of the software, not the remote site from which the widget was loaded. As a result, the included code has access to the local DOM, including cookies and other data that the developer might not want the remote site to be able to access.
13682029 Such dependencies may be desirable, or even required, but sometimes programmers are not aware that a dependency exists.",,Unknown,Third-Party Web Widget Security FAQ: http://jeremiahgrossman.blogspot.com/2010/07/third-party-web-widget-security-faq.html
1369 CWE-831,Signal Handler Function Associated with Multiple Signals (Type: Base),The software defines a function that is used as a handler for more than one signal.,"While sometimes intentional and safe, when the same function is used to handle multiple signals, a race condition could occur if the function uses any state outside of its local declaration, such as global variables or non-reentrant functions, or has any side effects.
2030 CWE-831,EN-Signal Handler Function Associated with Multiple Signals (Type: Base),"The software defines a function that is used as a handler for more than one signal.
2031 While sometimes intentional and safe, when the same function is used to handle multiple signals, a race condition could occur if the function uses any state outside of its local declaration, such as global variables or non-reentrant functions, or has any side effects.
13702032 An attacker could send one signal that invokes the handler function; in many OSes, this will typically prevent the same signal from invoking the handler again, at least until the handler function has completed execution. However, the attacker could then send a different signal that is associated with the same handler function. This could interrupt the original handler function while it is still executing. If there is shared state, then the state could be corrupted. This can lead to a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
13712033 Another rarely-explored possibility arises when the signal handler is only designed to be executed once (if at all). By sending multiple signals, an attacker could invoke the function more than once. This may generate extra, unintended side effects. A race condition might not even be necessary; the attacker could send one signal, wait until it is handled, then send the other signal.",,Unknown,"Delivering Signals for Fun and Profit: http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/signals.txt
13722034 Race Condition: Signal Handling: http://www.fortify.com/vulncat/en/vulncat/cpp/race_condition_signal_handling.html"
1373 CWE-832,Unlock of a Resource that is not Locked (Type: Base),The software attempts to unlock a resource that is not locked.,"Depending on the locking functionality, an unlock of a non-locked resource might cause memory corruption or other modification to the resource (or its associated metadata that is used for tracking locks).",,Unknown,
1374 CWE-833,Deadlock (Type: Base),"The software contains multiple threads or executable segments that are waiting for each other to release a necessary lock, resulting in deadlock.","Depending on the locking functionality, an unlock of a non-locked resource might cause memory corruption or other modification to the resource (or its associated metadata that is used for tracking locks).",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Synchronization Problems"" / ""Starvation and Deadlocks"", Page 760
2035 CWE-832,EN-Unlock of a Resource that is not Locked (Type: Base),"The software attempts to unlock a resource that is not locked.
2036 Depending on the locking functionality, an unlock of a non-locked resource might cause memory corruption or other modification to the resource (or its associated metadata that is used for tracking locks).",,Unknown,
2037 CWE-833,EN-Deadlock (Type: Base),"The software contains multiple threads or executable segments that are waiting for each other to release a necessary lock, resulting in deadlock.
2038 Depending on the locking functionality, an unlock of a non-locked resource might cause memory corruption or other modification to the resource (or its associated metadata that is used for tracking locks).",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Synchronization Problems"" / ""Starvation and Deadlocks"", Page 760
13752039 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Starvation and Deadlocks"", Page 760.
13762040 Secure Coding in C and C++: Chapter 7, ""Concurrency"", section ""Mutual Exclusion and Deadlock"", Page 248."
1377 CWE-834,Excessive Iteration (Type: Base),The software performs an iteration or loop without sufficiently limiting the number of times that the loop is executed.,"If the iteration can be influenced by an attacker, this weakness could allow attackers to consume excessive resources such as CPU or memory. In many cases, a loop does not need to be infinite in order to cause enough resource consumption to adversely affect the software or its host system; it depends on the amount of resources consumed per iteration.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
1378 CWE-835,Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition (Infinite Loop) (Type: Base),"The program contains an iteration or loop with an exit condition that cannot be reached, i.e., an infinite loop.","If the loop can be influenced by an attacker, this weakness could allow attackers to consume excessive resources such as CPU or memory.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
1379 CWE-836,Use of Password Hash Instead of Password for Authentication (Type: Base),"The software records password hashes in a data store, receives a hash of a password from a client, and compares the supplied hash to the hash obtained from the data store.","Some authentication mechanisms rely on the client to generate the hash for a password, possibly to reduce load on the server or avoid sending the password across the network. However, when the client is used to generate the hash, an attacker can bypass the authentication by obtaining a copy of the hash, e.g. by using SQL injection to compromise a database of authentication credentials, or by exploiting an information exposure. The attacker could then use a modified client to replay the stolen hash without having knowledge of the original password.
2041 CWE-834,EN-Excessive Iteration (Type: Base),"The software performs an iteration or loop without sufficiently limiting the number of times that the loop is executed.
2042 If the iteration can be influenced by an attacker, this weakness could allow attackers to consume excessive resources such as CPU or memory. In many cases, a loop does not need to be infinite in order to cause enough resource consumption to adversely affect the software or its host system; it depends on the amount of resources consumed per iteration.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
2043 CWE-835,EN-Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition (Infinite Loop) (Type: Base),"The program contains an iteration or loop with an exit condition that cannot be reached, i.e., an infinite loop.
2044 If the loop can be influenced by an attacker, this weakness could allow attackers to consume excessive resources such as CPU or memory.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
2045 CWE-836,EN-Use of Password Hash Instead of Password for Authentication (Type: Base),"The software records password hashes in a data store, receives a hash of a password from a client, and compares the supplied hash to the hash obtained from the data store.
2046 Some authentication mechanisms rely on the client to generate the hash for a password, possibly to reduce load on the server or avoid sending the password across the network. However, when the client is used to generate the hash, an attacker can bypass the authentication by obtaining a copy of the hash, e.g. by using SQL injection to compromise a database of authentication credentials, or by exploiting an information exposure. The attacker could then use a modified client to replay the stolen hash without having knowledge of the original password.
13802047 As a result, the server-side comparison against a client-side hash does not provide any more security than the use of passwords without hashing.",,Unknown,
1381 CWE-837,"Improper Enforcement of a Single, Unique Action (Type: Base)","The software requires that an actor should only be able to perform an action once, or to have only one unique action, but the software does not enforce or improperly enforces this restriction.","In various applications, a user is only expected to perform a certain action once, such as voting, requesting a refund, or making a purchase. When this restriction is not enforced, sometimes this can have security implications. For example, in a voting application, an attacker could attempt to ""stuff the ballot box"" by voting multiple times. If these votes are counted separately, then the attacker could directly affect who wins the vote. This could have significant business impact depending on the purpose of the software.",,Unknown,
1382 CWE-838,Inappropriate Encoding for Output Context (Type: Base),"The software uses or specifies an encoding when generating output to a downstream component, but the specified encoding is not the same as the encoding that is expected by the downstream component.","This weakness can cause the downstream component to use a decoding method that produces different data than what the software intended to send. When the wrong encoding is used - even if closely related - the downstream component could decode the data incorrectly. This can have security consequences when the provided boundaries between control and data are inadvertently broken, because the resulting data could introduce control characters or special elements that were not sent by the software. The resulting data could then be used to bypass protection mechanisms such as input validation, and enable injection attacks.
2048 CWE-837,"EN-Improper Enforcement of a Single, Unique Action (Type: Base)","The software requires that an actor should only be able to perform an action once, or to have only one unique action, but the software does not enforce or improperly enforces this restriction.
2049 In various applications, a user is only expected to perform a certain action once, such as voting, requesting a refund, or making a purchase. When this restriction is not enforced, sometimes this can have security implications. For example, in a voting application, an attacker could attempt to ""stuff the ballot box"" by voting multiple times. If these votes are counted separately, then the attacker could directly affect who wins the vote. This could have significant business impact depending on the purpose of the software.",,Unknown,
2050 CWE-838,EN-Inappropriate Encoding for Output Context (Type: Base),"The software uses or specifies an encoding when generating output to a downstream component, but the specified encoding is not the same as the encoding that is expected by the downstream component.
2051 This weakness can cause the downstream component to use a decoding method that produces different data than what the software intended to send. When the wrong encoding is used - even if closely related - the downstream component could decode the data incorrectly. This can have security consequences when the provided boundaries between control and data are inadvertently broken, because the resulting data could introduce control characters or special elements that were not sent by the software. The resulting data could then be used to bypass protection mechanisms such as input validation, and enable injection attacks.
13832052 While using output encoding is essential for ensuring that communications between components are accurate, the use of the wrong encoding - even if closely related - could cause the downstream component to misinterpret the output.
13842053 For example, HTML entity encoding is used for elements in the HTML body of a web page. However, a programmer might use entity encoding when generating output for that is used within an attribute of an HTML tag, which could contain functional Javascript that is not affected by the HTML encoding.
13852054 While web applications have received the most attention for this problem, this weakness could potentially apply to any type of software that uses a communications stream that could support multiple encodings.",,Unknown,"Injection-safe templating languages: http://manicode.blogspot.com/2010/06/injection-safe-templating-languages_30.html
13892058 XSS Attacks: Preventing XSS Attacks
13902059 DOM based XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/DOM_based_XSS_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet
13912060 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
1392 CWE-839,Numeric Range Comparison Without Minimum Check (Type: Base),"The program checks a value to ensure that it does not exceed a maximum, but it does not verify that the value exceeds the minimum.","Some programs use signed integers or floats even when their values are only expected to be positive or 0. An input validation check might assume that the value is positive, and only check for the maximum value. If the value is negative, but the code assumes that the value is positive, this can produce an error. The error may have security consequences if the negative value is used for memory allocation, array access, buffer access, etc. Ultimately, the error could lead to a buffer overflow or other type of memory corruption.
2061 CWE-839,EN-Numeric Range Comparison Without Minimum Check (Type: Base),"The program checks a value to ensure that it does not exceed a maximum, but it does not verify that the value exceeds the minimum.
2062 Some programs use signed integers or floats even when their values are only expected to be positive or 0. An input validation check might assume that the value is positive, and only check for the maximum value. If the value is negative, but the code assumes that the value is positive, this can produce an error. The error may have security consequences if the negative value is used for memory allocation, array access, buffer access, etc. Ultimately, the error could lead to a buffer overflow or other type of memory corruption.
13932063 The use of a negative number in a positive-only context could have security implications for other types of resources. For example, a shopping cart might check that the user is not requesting more than 10 items, but a request for -3 items could cause the application to calculate a negative price and credit the attacker's account.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversion Vulnerabilities"" Page 246.
13942064 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Comparisons"", Page 265."
1395 CWE-84,Improper Neutralization of Encoded URI Schemes in a Web Page (Type: Variant),The web application improperly neutralizes user-controlled input for executable script disguised with URI encodings.,"Some programs use signed integers or floats even when their values are only expected to be positive or 0. An input validation check might assume that the value is positive, and only check for the maximum value. If the value is negative, but the code assumes that the value is positive, this can produce an error. The error may have security consequences if the negative value is used for memory allocation, array access, buffer access, etc. Ultimately, the error could lead to a buffer overflow or other type of memory corruption.
2065 CWE-84,EN-Improper Neutralization of Encoded URI Schemes in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The web application improperly neutralizes user-controlled input for executable script disguised with URI encodings.
2066 Some programs use signed integers or floats even when their values are only expected to be positive or 0. An input validation check might assume that the value is positive, and only check for the maximum value. If the value is negative, but the code assumes that the value is positive, this can produce an error. The error may have security consequences if the negative value is used for memory allocation, array access, buffer access, etc. Ultimately, the error could lead to a buffer overflow or other type of memory corruption.
13962067 The use of a negative number in a positive-only context could have security implications for other types of resources. For example, a shopping cart might check that the user is not requesting more than 10 items, but a request for -3 items could cause the application to calculate a negative price and credit the attacker's account.",,Unknown,
1397 CWE-841,Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow (Type: Base),"The software supports a session in which more than one behavior must be performed by an actor, but it does not properly ensure that the actor performs the behaviors in the required sequence.","By performing actions in an unexpected order, or by omitting steps, an attacker could manipulate the business logic of the software or cause it to enter an invalid state. In some cases, this can also expose resultant weaknesses.
2068 CWE-841,EN-Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow (Type: Base),"The software supports a session in which more than one behavior must be performed by an actor, but it does not properly ensure that the actor performs the behaviors in the required sequence.
2069 By performing actions in an unexpected order, or by omitting steps, an attacker could manipulate the business logic of the software or cause it to enter an invalid state. In some cases, this can also expose resultant weaknesses.
13982070 For example, a file-sharing protocol might require that an actor perform separate steps to provide a username, then a password, before being able to transfer files. If the file-sharing server accepts a password command followed by a transfer command, without any username being provided, the software might still perform the transfer.
13992071 Note that this is different than CWE-696, which focuses on when the software performs actions in the wrong sequence; this entry is closely related, but it is focused on ensuring that the actor performs actions in the correct sequence.
14002072 Workflow-related behaviors include:
14092081 Real-Life Example of a 'Business Logic Defect' (Screen Shots!): http://h30501.www3.hp.com/t5/Following-the-White-Rabbit-A/Real-Life-Example-of-a-Business-Logic-Defect-Screen-Shots/ba-p/22581
14102082 Toward Automated Detection of Logic Vulnerabilities in Web Applications: http://www.usenix.org/events/sec10/tech/full_papers/Felmetsger.pdf
14112083 Designing a Framework Method for Secure Business Application Logic Integrity in e-Commerce Systems: http://ijns.femto.com.tw/contents/ijns-v12-n1/ijns-2011-v12-n1-p29-41.pdf"
1412 CWE-842,Placement of User into Incorrect Group (Type: Base),The software or the administrator places a user into an incorrect group.,"If the incorrect group has more access or privileges than the intended group, the user might be able to bypass intended security policy to access unexpected resources or perform unexpected actions. The access-control system might not be able to detect malicious usage of this group membership.",,Unknown,
1413 CWE-843,Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type (Type Confusion) (Type: Base),"The program allocates or initializes a resource such as a pointer, object, or variable using one type, but it later accesses that resource using a type that is incompatible with the original type.","When the program accesses the resource using an incompatible type, this could trigger logical errors because the resource does not have expected properties. In languages without memory safety, such as C and C++, type confusion can lead to out-of-bounds memory access.
2084 CWE-842,EN-Placement of User into Incorrect Group (Type: Base),"The software or the administrator places a user into an incorrect group.
2085 If the incorrect group has more access or privileges than the intended group, the user might be able to bypass intended security policy to access unexpected resources or perform unexpected actions. The access-control system might not be able to detect malicious usage of this group membership.",,Unknown,
2086 CWE-843,EN-Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type (Type Confusion) (Type: Base),"The program allocates or initializes a resource such as a pointer, object, or variable using one type, but it later accesses that resource using a type that is incompatible with the original type.
2087 When the program accesses the resource using an incompatible type, this could trigger logical errors because the resource does not have expected properties. In languages without memory safety, such as C and C++, type confusion can lead to out-of-bounds memory access.
14142088 While this weakness is frequently associated with unions when parsing data with many different embedded object types in C, it can be present in any application that can interpret the same variable or memory location in multiple ways.
14152089 This weakness is not unique to C and C++. For example, errors in PHP applications can be triggered by providing array parameters when scalars are expected, or vice versa. Languages such as Perl, which perform automatic conversion of a variable of one type when it is accessed as if it were another type, can also contain these issues.",,Unknown,"Attacking Interoperability: http://www.azimuthsecurity.com/resources/bh2009_dowd_smith_dewey.pdf
14162090 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Type Confusion"", Page 319."
1417 CWE-85,Doubled Character XSS Manipulations (Type: Variant),The web application does not filter user-controlled input for executable script disguised using doubling of the involved characters.,"When the program accesses the resource using an incompatible type, this could trigger logical errors because the resource does not have expected properties. In languages without memory safety, such as C and C++, type confusion can lead to out-of-bounds memory access.
2091 CWE-85,EN-Doubled Character XSS Manipulations (Type: Variant),"The web application does not filter user-controlled input for executable script disguised using doubling of the involved characters.
2092 When the program accesses the resource using an incompatible type, this could trigger logical errors because the resource does not have expected properties. In languages without memory safety, such as C and C++, type confusion can lead to out-of-bounds memory access.
14182093 While this weakness is frequently associated with unions when parsing data with many different embedded object types in C, it can be present in any application that can interpret the same variable or memory location in multiple ways.
14192094 This weakness is not unique to C and C++. For example, errors in PHP applications can be triggered by providing array parameters when scalars are expected, or vice versa. Languages such as Perl, which perform automatic conversion of a variable of one type when it is accessed as if it were another type, can also contain these issues.",,Unknown,
1420 CWE-86,Improper Neutralization of Invalid Characters in Identifiers in Web Pages (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes invalid characters or byte sequences in the middle of tag names, URI schemes, and other identifiers.","Some web browsers may remove these sequences, resulting in output that may have unintended control implications. For example, the software may attempt to remove a ""javascript:"" URI scheme, but a ""java%00script:"" URI may bypass this check and still be rendered as active javascript by some browsers, allowing XSS or other attacks.",,Unknown,
1421 CWE-87,Improper Neutralization of Alternate XSS Syntax (Type: Variant),The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controlled input for alternate script syntax.,"Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
2095 CWE-86,EN-Improper Neutralization of Invalid Characters in Identifiers in Web Pages (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes invalid characters or byte sequences in the middle of tag names, URI schemes, and other identifiers.
2096 Some web browsers may remove these sequences, resulting in output that may have unintended control implications. For example, the software may attempt to remove a ""javascript:"" URI scheme, but a ""java%00script:"" URI may bypass this check and still be rendered as active javascript by some browsers, allowing XSS or other attacks.",,Unknown,
2097 CWE-87,EN-Improper Neutralization of Alternate XSS Syntax (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controlled input for alternate script syntax.
2098 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
14222099 When access control checks are incorrectly applied, users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,Unknown,
1423 CWE-88,Argument Injection or Modification (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently delimit the arguments being passed to a component in another control sphere, allowing alternate arguments to be provided, leading to potentially security-relevant changes.","Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
2100 CWE-88,EN-Argument Injection or Modification (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently delimit the arguments being passed to a component in another control sphere, allowing alternate arguments to be provided, leading to potentially security-relevant changes.
2101 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
14242102 When access control checks are incorrectly applied, users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,Unknown,"Argument injection issues: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/archive/1/460089/100/100/threaded
14252103 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""The Argument Array"", Page 567."
1426 CWE-9,J2EE Misconfiguration: Weak Access Permissions for EJB Methods (Type: Variant),"If elevated access rights are assigned to EJB methods, then an attacker can take advantage of the permissions to exploit the software system.","Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
2104 CWE-9,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Weak Access Permissions for EJB Methods (Type: Variant),"If elevated access rights are assigned to EJB methods, then an attacker can take advantage of the permissions to exploit the software system.
2105 Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
14272106 SQL injection has become a common issue with database-driven web sites. The flaw is easily detected, and easily exploited, and as such, any site or software package with even a minimal user base is likely to be subject to an attempted attack of this kind. This flaw depends on the fact that SQL makes no real distinction between the control and data planes.",,Unknown,
1428 CWE-90,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query (LDAP Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an LDAP query using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended LDAP query when it is sent to a downstream component.","Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
2107 CWE-90,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query (LDAP Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an LDAP query using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended LDAP query when it is sent to a downstream component.
2108 Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
14292109 SQL injection has become a common issue with database-driven web sites. The flaw is easily detected, and easily exploited, and as such, any site or software package with even a minimal user base is likely to be subject to an attempted attack of this kind. This flaw depends on the fact that SQL makes no real distinction between the control and data planes.",,Unknown,Web Applications and LDAP Injection
1430 CWE-91,XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly neutralize special elements that are used in XML, allowing attackers to modify the syntax, content, or commands of the XML before it is processed by an end system.","Within XML, special elements could include reserved words or characters such as ""<"", "">"", """""", and ""&"", which could then be used to add new data or modify XML syntax.",,Unknown,"Blind XPath Injection: http://www.modsecurity.org/archive/amit/blind-xpath-injection.pdf
2110 CWE-91,EN-XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly neutralize special elements that are used in XML, allowing attackers to modify the syntax, content, or commands of the XML before it is processed by an end system.
2111 Within XML, special elements could include reserved words or characters such as ""<"", "">"", """""", and ""&"", which could then be used to add new data or modify XML syntax.",,Unknown,"Blind XPath Injection: http://www.modsecurity.org/archive/amit/blind-xpath-injection.pdf
14312112 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""XML Injection"", Page 1069."
1432 CWE-912,Hidden Functionality (Type: Class),"The software contains functionality that is not documented, not part of the specification, and not accessible through an interface or command sequence that is obvious to the software's users or administrators.","Hidden functionality can take many forms, such as intentionally malicious code, ""Easter Eggs"" that contain extraneous functionality such as games, developer-friendly shortcuts that reduce maintenance or support costs such as hard-coded accounts, etc. From a security perspective, even when the functionality is not intentionally malicious or damaging, it can increase the software's attack surface and expose additional weaknesses beyond what is already exposed by the intended functionality. Even if it is not easily accessible, the hidden functionality could be useful for attacks that modify the control flow of the application.",,Unknown,
1433 CWE-913,Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources (Type: Class),"The software does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-managed code resources such as variables, objects, classes, attributes, functions, or executable instructions or statements.","Many languages offer powerful features that allow the programmer to dynamically create or modify existing code, or resources used by code such as variables and objects. While these features can offer significant flexibility and reduce development time, they can be extremely dangerous if attackers can directly influence these code resources in unexpected ways.",,Unknown,
1434 CWE-914,Improper Control of Dynamically-Identified Variables (Type: Base),The software does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-identified variables.,"Many languages offer powerful features that allow the programmer to access arbitrary variables that are specified by an input string. While these features can offer significant flexibility and reduce development time, they can be extremely dangerous if attackers can modify unintended variables that have security implications.",,Unknown,
1435 CWE-915,Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component that specifies multiple attributes, properties, or fields that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control which attributes can be modified.","If the object contains attributes that were only intended for internal use, then their unexpected modification could lead to a vulnerability.
2113 CWE-912,EN-Hidden Functionality (Type: Class),"The software contains functionality that is not documented, not part of the specification, and not accessible through an interface or command sequence that is obvious to the software's users or administrators.
2114 Hidden functionality can take many forms, such as intentionally malicious code, ""Easter Eggs"" that contain extraneous functionality such as games, developer-friendly shortcuts that reduce maintenance or support costs such as hard-coded accounts, etc. From a security perspective, even when the functionality is not intentionally malicious or damaging, it can increase the software's attack surface and expose additional weaknesses beyond what is already exposed by the intended functionality. Even if it is not easily accessible, the hidden functionality could be useful for attacks that modify the control flow of the application.",,Unknown,
2115 CWE-913,EN-Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources (Type: Class),"The software does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-managed code resources such as variables, objects, classes, attributes, functions, or executable instructions or statements.
2116 Many languages offer powerful features that allow the programmer to dynamically create or modify existing code, or resources used by code such as variables and objects. While these features can offer significant flexibility and reduce development time, they can be extremely dangerous if attackers can directly influence these code resources in unexpected ways.",,Unknown,
2117 CWE-914,EN-Improper Control of Dynamically-Identified Variables (Type: Base),"The software does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-identified variables.
2118 Many languages offer powerful features that allow the programmer to access arbitrary variables that are specified by an input string. While these features can offer significant flexibility and reduce development time, they can be extremely dangerous if attackers can modify unintended variables that have security implications.",,Unknown,
2119 CWE-915,EN-Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component that specifies multiple attributes, properties, or fields that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control which attributes can be modified.
2120 If the object contains attributes that were only intended for internal use, then their unexpected modification could lead to a vulnerability.
14362121 This weakness is sometimes known by the language-specific mechanisms that make it possible, such as mass assignment, autobinding, or object injection.",,Unknown,"Shocking News in PHP Exploitation: http://www.suspekt.org/downloads/POC2009-ShockingNewsInPHPExploitation.pdf
14372122 ""Two Security Vulnerabilities in the Spring Framework's MVC"" pdf (from 2008): http://blog.diniscruz.com/2011/07/two-security-vulnerabilities-in-spring.html
14382123 Two Security Vulnerabilities in the Spring Framework's MVC: http://o2platform.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/ounce_springframework_vulnerabilities.pdf
14452130 PHP Object Injection: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/PHP_Object_Injection
14462131 Unserializing user-supplied data, a bad idea: http://heine.familiedeelstra.com/security/unserialize
14472132 Why Python Pickle is Insecure: http://nadiana.com/python-pickle-insecure"
1448 CWE-916,Use of Password Hash With Insufficient Computational Effort (Type: Base),"The software generates a hash for a password, but it uses a scheme that does not provide a sufficient level of computational effort that would make password cracking attacks infeasible or expensive.","Many password storage mechanisms compute a hash and store the hash, instead of storing the original password in plaintext. In this design, authentication involves accepting an incoming password, computing its hash, and comparing it to the stored hash.
2133 CWE-916,EN-Use of Password Hash With Insufficient Computational Effort (Type: Base),"The software generates a hash for a password, but it uses a scheme that does not provide a sufficient level of computational effort that would make password cracking attacks infeasible or expensive.
2134 Many password storage mechanisms compute a hash and store the hash, instead of storing the original password in plaintext. In this design, authentication involves accepting an incoming password, computing its hash, and comparing it to the stored hash.
14492135 Many hash algorithms are designed to execute quickly with minimal overhead, even cryptographic hashes. However, this efficiency is a problem for password storage, because it can reduce an attacker's workload for brute-force password cracking. If an attacker can obtain the hashes through some other method (such as SQL injection on a database that stores hashes), then the attacker can store the hashes offline and use various techniques to crack the passwords by computing hashes efficiently. Without a built-in workload, modern attacks can compute large numbers of hashes, or even exhaust the entire space of all possible passwords, within a very short amount of time, using massively-parallel computing (such as cloud computing) and GPU, ASIC, or FPGA hardware. In such a scenario, an efficient hash algorithm helps the attacker.
14502136 There are several properties of a hash scheme that are relevant to its strength against an offline, massively-parallel attack:
14512137 The amount of CPU time required to compute the hash (""stretching"")
14672153 The Importance of Being Canonical: http://erratasec.blogspot.com/2009/02/importance-of-being-canonical.html
14682154 Our password hashing has no clothes: http://www.troyhunt.com/2012/06/our-password-hashing-has-no-clothes.html
14692155 Should we really use bcrypt/scrypt?: http://www.analyticalengine.net/2012/06/should-we-really-use-bcryptscrypt/"
1470 CWE-917,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement (Expression Language Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an expression language (EL) statement in a Java Server Page (JSP) using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended EL statement before it is executed.","Many password storage mechanisms compute a hash and store the hash, instead of storing the original password in plaintext. In this design, authentication involves accepting an incoming password, computing its hash, and comparing it to the stored hash.
2156 CWE-917,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement (Expression Language Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an expression language (EL) statement in a Java Server Page (JSP) using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended EL statement before it is executed.
2157 Many password storage mechanisms compute a hash and store the hash, instead of storing the original password in plaintext. In this design, authentication involves accepting an incoming password, computing its hash, and comparing it to the stored hash.
14712158 Many hash algorithms are designed to execute quickly with minimal overhead, even cryptographic hashes. However, this efficiency is a problem for password storage, because it can reduce an attacker's workload for brute-force password cracking. If an attacker can obtain the hashes through some other method (such as SQL injection on a database that stores hashes), then the attacker can store the hashes offline and use various techniques to crack the passwords by computing hashes efficiently. Without a built-in workload, modern attacks can compute large numbers of hashes, or even exhaust the entire space of all possible passwords, within a very short amount of time, using massively-parallel computing (such as cloud computing) and GPU, ASIC, or FPGA hardware. In such a scenario, an efficient hash algorithm helps the attacker.
14722159 There are several properties of a hash scheme that are relevant to its strength against an offline, massively-parallel attack:
14732160 The amount of CPU time required to compute the hash (""stretching"")
14772164 Relative to the number of all possible hashes that can be generated by the scheme, there is a low likelihood of producing the same hash for multiple different inputs (""collision resistance"")
14782165 Note that the security requirements for the software may vary depending on the environment and the value of the passwords. Different schemes might not provide all of these properties, yet may still provide sufficient security for the environment. Conversely, a solution might be very strong in preserving one property, which still being very weak for an attack against another property, or it might not be able to significantly reduce the efficiency of a massively-parallel attack.",,Unknown,"Expression Language Injection: http://www.mindedsecurity.com/fileshare/ExpressionLanguageInjection.pdf
14792166 Remote Code with Expression Language Injection: http://danamodio.com/application-security/discoveries/spring-remote-code-with-expression-language-injection/"
1480 CWE-918,Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) (Type: Base),"The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.","By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests.",,Unknown,"SSRF vs. Business-critical applications: XXE tunneling in SAP: https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Polyakov/BH_US_12_Polyakov_SSRF_Business_Slides.pdf
2167 CWE-918,EN-Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) (Type: Base),"The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.
2168 By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests.",,Unknown,"SSRF vs. Business-critical applications: XXE tunneling in SAP: https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Polyakov/BH_US_12_Polyakov_SSRF_Business_Slides.pdf
14812169 SSRF vs. Business-critical Applications. Part 1: XXE Tunnelling in SAP NetWeaver: http://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/SSRF-vs-Businness-critical-applications-whitepaper.pdf
14822170 Cross Site Port Attacks - XSPA - Part 1: http://www.riyazwalikar.com/2012/11/cross-site-port-attacks-xspa-part-1.html
14832171 Cross Site Port Attacks - XSPA - Part 2: http://www.riyazwalikar.com/2012/11/cross-site-port-attacks-xspa-part-2.html
14852173 SSRF attacks and sockets: smorgasbord of vulnerabilities: http://www.slideshare.net/d0znpp/ssrf-attacks-and-sockets-smorgasbord-of-vulnerabilities
14862174 SSRF bible. Cheatsheet: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1v1TkWZtrhzRLy0bYXBcdLUedXGb9njTNIJXa3u9akHM/edit?pli=1#
14872175 Web Portals: Gateway To Information, Or A Hole In Our Perimeter Defenses: http://www.shmoocon.org/2008/presentations/Web%20portals,%20gateway%20to%20information.ppt"
1488 CWE-92,DEPRECATED: Improper Sanitization of Custom Special Characters (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated. It originally came from PLOVER, which sometimes defined ""other"" and ""miscellaneous"" categories in order to satisfy exhaustiveness requirements for taxonomies. Within the context of CWE, the use of a more abstract entry is preferred in mapping situations. CWE-75 is a more appropriate mapping.","By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests.",,Unknown,
1489 CWE-920,Improper Restriction of Power Consumption (Type: Base),"The software operates in an environment in which power is a limited resource that cannot be automatically replenished, but the software does not properly restrict the amount of power that its operation consumes.","In environments such as embedded or mobile devices, power can be a limited resource such as a battery, which cannot be automatically replenished by the software itself, and the device might not always be directly attached to a reliable power source. If the software uses too much power too quickly, then this could cause the device (and subsequently, the software) to stop functioning until power is restored, or increase the financial burden on the device owner because of increased power costs.
2176 CWE-92,EN-DEPRECATED: Improper Sanitization of Custom Special Characters (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated. It originally came from PLOVER, which sometimes defined ""other"" and ""miscellaneous"" categories in order to satisfy exhaustiveness requirements for taxonomies. Within the context of CWE, the use of a more abstract entry is preferred in mapping situations. CWE-75 is a more appropriate mapping.
2177 By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests.",,Unknown,
2178 CWE-920,EN-Improper Restriction of Power Consumption (Type: Base),"The software operates in an environment in which power is a limited resource that cannot be automatically replenished, but the software does not properly restrict the amount of power that its operation consumes.
2179 In environments such as embedded or mobile devices, power can be a limited resource such as a battery, which cannot be automatically replenished by the software itself, and the device might not always be directly attached to a reliable power source. If the software uses too much power too quickly, then this could cause the device (and subsequently, the software) to stop functioning until power is restored, or increase the financial burden on the device owner because of increased power costs.
14902180 Normal operation of an application will consume power. However, in some cases, an attacker could cause the application to consume more power than intended, using components such as:
14912181 Display
14922182 CPU
14952185 Sound
14962186 Microphone
14972187 USB interface",,Unknown,
1498 CWE-921,Storage of Sensitive Data in a Mechanism without Access Control (Type: Base),The software stores sensitive information in a file system or device that does not have built-in access control.,"While many modern file systems or devices utilize some form of access control in order to restrict access to data, not all storage mechanisms have this capability. For example, memory cards, floppy disks, CDs, and USB devices are typically made accessible to any user within the system. This can become a problem when sensitive data is stored in these mechanisms in a multi-user environment, because anybody on the system can read or write this data.
2188 CWE-921,EN-Storage of Sensitive Data in a Mechanism without Access Control (Type: Base),"The software stores sensitive information in a file system or device that does not have built-in access control.
2189 While many modern file systems or devices utilize some form of access control in order to restrict access to data, not all storage mechanisms have this capability. For example, memory cards, floppy disks, CDs, and USB devices are typically made accessible to any user within the system. This can become a problem when sensitive data is stored in these mechanisms in a multi-user environment, because anybody on the system can read or write this data.
14992190 On Android devices, external storage is typically globally readable and writable by other applications on the device. External storage may also be easily accessible through the mobile device's USB connection or physically accessible through the device's memory card port.",,Unknown,Security Tips: http://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-tips.html#StoringData
1500 CWE-922,Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information (Type: Class),The software stores sensitive information without properly limiting read or write access by unauthorized actors.,"If read access is not properly restricted, then attackers can steal the sensitive information. If write access is not properly restricted, then attackers can modify and possibly delete the data, causing incorrect results and possibly a denial of service.",,Unknown,
1501 CWE-923,Improper Authentication of Endpoint in a Communication Channel (Type: Class),"The software establishes a communication channel to (or from) an endpoint for privileged or protected operations, but it does not properly authenticate the endpoint to ensure it is associated with the identity of the intended actor.","Attackers might be able to spoof the intended endpoint from a different system or process, thus gaining the same level of access as the intended endpoint.
2191 CWE-922,EN-Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information (Type: Class),"The software stores sensitive information without properly limiting read or write access by unauthorized actors.
2192 If read access is not properly restricted, then attackers can steal the sensitive information. If write access is not properly restricted, then attackers can modify and possibly delete the data, causing incorrect results and possibly a denial of service.",,Unknown,
2193 CWE-923,EN-Improper Authentication of Endpoint in a Communication Channel (Type: Class),"The software establishes a communication channel to (or from) an endpoint for privileged or protected operations, but it does not properly authenticate the endpoint to ensure it is associated with the identity of the intended actor.
2194 Attackers might be able to spoof the intended endpoint from a different system or process, thus gaining the same level of access as the intended endpoint.
15022195 While this issue frequently involves authentication between network-based clients and servers, other types of communication channels and endpoints can have this weakness.",,Unknown,
1503 CWE-924,Improper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel (Type: Class),"The software establishes a communication channel with an endpoint and receives a message from that endpoint, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the message was not modified during transmission.",A man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacker might be able to modify the message and spoof the endpoint.,,Unknown,
1504 CWE-925,Improper Verification of Intent by Broadcast Receiver (Type: Variant),"The Android application uses a Broadcast Receiver that receives an Intent but does not properly verify that the Intent came from an authorized source, e.g. by checking the action string.","Certain types of Intents, identified by action string, can only be broadcast by the operating system itself, not by third-party applications. However, when an application declares the ability for a component to receive broadcast messages, in most cases a malicious application can send an Intent with a non-reserved action string to that receiving component.",,Unknown,
1505 CWE-926,Improper Restriction of Content Provider Export to Other Applications (Type: Variant),The Android application uses a Content Provider that does not properly restrict which applications can access the data that is offered by the Content Provider.,"Android's Content Provider mechanism can be used to share data with other applications or internally within the same application. If access to the Content Provider is not restricted to only the expected applications, then malicious applications might be able to access the sensitive data.
2196 CWE-924,EN-Improper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel (Type: Class),"The software establishes a communication channel with an endpoint and receives a message from that endpoint, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the message was not modified during transmission.
2197 A man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacker might be able to modify the message and spoof the endpoint.",,Unknown,
2198 CWE-925,EN-Improper Verification of Intent by Broadcast Receiver (Type: Variant),"The Android application uses a Broadcast Receiver that receives an Intent but does not properly verify that the Intent came from an authorized source, e.g. by checking the action string.
2199 Certain types of Intents, identified by action string, can only be broadcast by the operating system itself, not by third-party applications. However, when an application declares the ability for a component to receive broadcast messages, in most cases a malicious application can send an Intent with a non-reserved action string to that receiving component.",,Unknown,
2200 CWE-926,EN-Improper Restriction of Content Provider Export to Other Applications (Type: Variant),"The Android application uses a Content Provider that does not properly restrict which applications can access the data that is offered by the Content Provider.
2201 Android's Content Provider mechanism can be used to share data with other applications or internally within the same application. If access to the Content Provider is not restricted to only the expected applications, then malicious applications might be able to access the sensitive data.
15062202 This weakness could be expressed in several different ways:
15072203 The Content Provider is only intended for internal use by the application, and thus does not need to be exported.
15082204 In Android before 4.2, the Content Provider is automatically exported unless it has been explicitly declared as NOT exported.
15092205 The Content Provider is intended for external use by some applications, but it does not properly limit access, e.g. by exporting with excessive permissions.",,Unknown,No description: http://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-tips.html#ContentProviders
1510 CWE-927,Use of Implicit Intent for Sensitive Communication (Type: Variant),The Android application uses an implicit intent for transmitting sensitive data to other applications.,"Since an implicit intent does not specify a particular application to receive the data, any application can process the intent by using an Intent Filter for that intent. This can allow untrusted applications to obtain sensitive data.",,Unknown,"Analyzing Inter-Application Communication in Android: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~afelt/intentsecurity-mobisys.pdf
2206 CWE-927,EN-Use of Implicit Intent for Sensitive Communication (Type: Variant),"The Android application uses an implicit intent for transmitting sensitive data to other applications.
2207 Since an implicit intent does not specify a particular application to receive the data, any application can process the intent by using an Intent Filter for that intent. This can allow untrusted applications to obtain sensitive data.",,Unknown,"Analyzing Inter-Application Communication in Android: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~afelt/intentsecurity-mobisys.pdf
15112208 Security Tips: http://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-tips.html#ContentProviders"
1512 CWE-96,Improper Neutralization of Directives in Statically Saved Code (Static Code Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before inserting the input into an executable resource, such as a library, configuration file, or template.","This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Unknown,
1513 CWE-97,Improper Neutralization of Server-Side Includes (SSI) Within a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software generates a web page, but does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input that could be interpreted as a server-side include (SSI) directive.","This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Unknown,
1514 CWE-116,Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output (Type: Class),"The software prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.","Improper encoding or escaping can allow attackers to change the commands that are sent to another component, inserting malicious commands instead.
2209 CWE-96,EN-Improper Neutralization of Directives in Statically Saved Code (Static Code Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before inserting the input into an executable resource, such as a library, configuration file, or template.
2210 This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Unknown,
2211 CWE-97,EN-Improper Neutralization of Server-Side Includes (SSI) Within a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software generates a web page, but does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input that could be interpreted as a server-side include (SSI) directive.
2212 This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Unknown,
2213 CWE-116,EN-Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output (Type: Class),"The software prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
2214 Improper encoding or escaping can allow attackers to change the commands that are sent to another component, inserting malicious commands instead.
15152215 Most software follows a certain protocol that uses structured messages for communication between components, such as queries or commands. These structured messages can contain raw data interspersed with metadata or control information. For example, ""GET /index.html HTTP/1.1"" is a structured message containing a command (""GET"") with a single argument (""/index.html"") and metadata about which protocol version is being used (""HTTP/1.1"").
15162216 If an application uses attacker-supplied inputs to construct a structured message without properly encoding or escaping, then the attacker could insert special characters that will cause the data to be interpreted as control information or metadata. Consequently, the component that receives the output will perform the wrong operations, or otherwise interpret the data incorrectly.",,Very High,"OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
15172217 Input validation or output filtering, which is better?: http://jeremiahgrossman.blogspot.com/2007/01/input-validation-or-output-filtering.html
15212221 Input Validation - Not That Important: http://manicode.blogspot.com/2008/08/input-validation-not-that-important.html
15222222 Preventing XSS with Correct Output Encoding: http://phed.org/2008/05/19/preventing-xss-with-correct-output-encoding/
15232223 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 11, ""Canonical Representation Issues"" Page 363"
1524 CWE-121,Stack-based Buffer Overflow (Type: Variant),"A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).","A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Stack Overruns"" Page 129
2224 CWE-121,EN-Stack-based Buffer Overflow (Type: Variant),"A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
2225 A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Stack Overruns"" Page 129
15252226 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
15262227 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Nonexecutable Stack"", Page 76.
15272228 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Protection Mechanisms"", Page 189."
1528 CWE-134,Uncontrolled Format String (Type: Base),"The software uses externally-controlled format strings in printf-style functions, which can lead to buffer overflows or data representation problems.","If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Very High,"Format String Vulnerabilities in Perl Programs: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/418460/30/0/threaded
2229 CWE-134,EN-Uncontrolled Format String (Type: Base),"The software uses externally-controlled format strings in printf-style functions, which can lead to buffer overflows or data representation problems.
2230 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Very High,"Format String Vulnerabilities in Perl Programs: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/418460/30/0/threaded
15292231 Programming Language Format String Vulnerabilities: http://www.ddj.com/dept/security/197002914
15302232 Format String Attacks: http://www.thenewsh.com/~newsham/format-string-attacks.pdf
15312233 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Format String Bugs"" Page 147
15322234 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 6: Format String Problems."" Page 109
15332235 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""C Format Strings"", Page 422."
1534 CWE-256,Plaintext Storage of a Password (Type: Variant),Storing a password in plaintext may result in a system compromise.,"Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1535 CWE-257,Storing Passwords in a Recoverable Format (Type: Base),"The storage of passwords in a recoverable format makes them subject to password reuse attacks by malicious users. If a system administrator can recover a password directly, or use a brute force search on the available information, the administrator can use the password on other accounts.","Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,
1536 CWE-258,Empty Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),Using an empty string as a password is insecure.,"Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1537 CWE-259,Use of Hard-coded Password (Type: Base),"The software contains a hard-coded password, which it uses for its own inbound authentication or for outbound communication to external components.","A hard-coded password typically leads to a significant authentication failure that can be difficult for the system administrator to detect. Once detected, it can be difficult to fix, so the administrator may be forced into disabling the product entirely. There are two main variations:
2236 CWE-256,EN-Plaintext Storage of a Password (Type: Variant),"Storing a password in plaintext may result in a system compromise.
2237 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
2238 CWE-257,EN-Storing Passwords in a Recoverable Format (Type: Base),"The storage of passwords in a recoverable format makes them subject to password reuse attacks by malicious users. If a system administrator can recover a password directly, or use a brute force search on the available information, the administrator can use the password on other accounts.
2239 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,
2240 CWE-258,EN-Empty Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),"Using an empty string as a password is insecure.
2241 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
2242 CWE-259,EN-Use of Hard-coded Password (Type: Base),"The software contains a hard-coded password, which it uses for its own inbound authentication or for outbound communication to external components.
2243 A hard-coded password typically leads to a significant authentication failure that can be difficult for the system administrator to detect. Once detected, it can be difficult to fix, so the administrator may be forced into disabling the product entirely. There are two main variations:
15382244 Inbound: the software contains an authentication mechanism that checks for a hard-coded password.
15392245 Outbound: the software connects to another system or component, and it contains hard-coded password for connecting to that component.
15402246 In the Inbound variant, a default administration account is created, and a simple password is hard-coded into the product and associated with that account. This hard-coded password is the same for each installation of the product, and it usually cannot be changed or disabled by system administrators without manually modifying the program, or otherwise patching the software. If the password is ever discovered or published (a common occurrence on the Internet), then anybody with knowledge of this password can access the product. Finally, since all installations of the software will have the same password, even across different organizations, this enables massive attacks such as worms to take place.
15412247 The Outbound variant applies to front-end systems that authenticate with a back-end service. The back-end service may require a fixed password which can be easily discovered. The programmer may simply hard-code those back-end credentials into the front-end software. Any user of that program may be able to extract the password. Client-side systems with hard-coded passwords pose even more of a threat, since the extraction of a password from a binary is usually very simple.",,Very High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1542 CWE-309,Use of Password System for Primary Authentication (Type: Base),"The use of password systems as the primary means of authentication may be subject to several flaws or shortcomings, each reducing the effectiveness of the mechanism.","While the use of multiple authentication schemes is simply piling on more complexity on top of authentication, it is inestimably valuable to have such measures of redundancy. The use of weak, reused, and common passwords is rampant on the internet. Without the added protection of multiple authentication schemes, a single mistake can result in the compromise of an account. For this reason, if multiple schemes are possible and also easy to use, they should be implemented and required.",,Very High,
1543 CWE-74,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component (Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.","Software has certain assumptions about what constitutes data and control respectively. It is the lack of verification of these assumptions for user-controlled input that leads to injection problems. Injection problems encompass a wide variety of issues -- all mitigated in very different ways and usually attempted in order to alter the control flow of the process. For this reason, the most effective way to discuss these weaknesses is to note the distinct features which classify them as injection weaknesses. The most important issue to note is that all injection problems share one thing in common -- i.e., they allow for the injection of control plane data into the user-controlled data plane. This means that the execution of the process may be altered by sending code in through legitimate data channels, using no other mechanism. While buffer overflows, and many other flaws, involve the use of some further issue to gain execution, injection problems need only for the data to be parsed. The most classic instantiations of this category of weakness are SQL injection and format string vulnerabilities.",,Very High,
1544 CWE-77,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (Command Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.","Command injection vulnerabilities typically occur when:
2248 CWE-309,EN-Use of Password System for Primary Authentication (Type: Base),"The use of password systems as the primary means of authentication may be subject to several flaws or shortcomings, each reducing the effectiveness of the mechanism.
2249 While the use of multiple authentication schemes is simply piling on more complexity on top of authentication, it is inestimably valuable to have such measures of redundancy. The use of weak, reused, and common passwords is rampant on the internet. Without the added protection of multiple authentication schemes, a single mistake can result in the compromise of an account. For this reason, if multiple schemes are possible and also easy to use, they should be implemented and required.",,Very High,
2250 CWE-74,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component (Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.
2251 Software has certain assumptions about what constitutes data and control respectively. It is the lack of verification of these assumptions for user-controlled input that leads to injection problems. Injection problems encompass a wide variety of issues -- all mitigated in very different ways and usually attempted in order to alter the control flow of the process. For this reason, the most effective way to discuss these weaknesses is to note the distinct features which classify them as injection weaknesses. The most important issue to note is that all injection problems share one thing in common -- i.e., they allow for the injection of control plane data into the user-controlled data plane. This means that the execution of the process may be altered by sending code in through legitimate data channels, using no other mechanism. While buffer overflows, and many other flaws, involve the use of some further issue to gain execution, injection problems need only for the data to be parsed. The most classic instantiations of this category of weakness are SQL injection and format string vulnerabilities.",,Very High,
2252 CWE-77,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (Command Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
2253 Command injection vulnerabilities typically occur when:
15452254 1. Data enters the application from an untrusted source.
15462255 2. The data is part of a string that is executed as a command by the application.
15472256 3. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Very High,"Exploiting Software: How to Break Code
15482257 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 10: Command Injection."" Page 171"
1549 CWE-798,Use of Hard-coded Credentials (Type: Base),"The software contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key, which it uses for its own inbound authentication, outbound communication to external components, or encryption of internal data.","Hard-coded credentials typically create a significant hole that allows an attacker to bypass the authentication that has been configured by the software administrator. This hole might be difficult for the system administrator to detect. Even if detected, it can be difficult to fix, so the administrator may be forced into disabling the product entirely. There are two main variations:
2258 CWE-798,EN-Use of Hard-coded Credentials (Type: Base),"The software contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key, which it uses for its own inbound authentication, outbound communication to external components, or encryption of internal data.
2259 Hard-coded credentials typically create a significant hole that allows an attacker to bypass the authentication that has been configured by the software administrator. This hole might be difficult for the system administrator to detect. Even if detected, it can be difficult to fix, so the administrator may be forced into disabling the product entirely. There are two main variations:
15502260 Inbound: the software contains an authentication mechanism that checks the input credentials against a hard-coded set of credentials.
15512261 Outbound: the software connects to another system or component, and it contains hard-coded credentials for connecting to that component.
15522262 In the Inbound variant, a default administration account is created, and a simple password is hard-coded into the product and associated with that account. This hard-coded password is the same for each installation of the product, and it usually cannot be changed or disabled by system administrators without manually modifying the program, or otherwise patching the software. If the password is ever discovered or published (a common occurrence on the Internet), then anybody with knowledge of this password can access the product. Finally, since all installations of the software will have the same password, even across different organizations, this enables massive attacks such as worms to take place.
15532263 The Outbound variant applies to front-end systems that authenticate with a back-end service. The back-end service may require a fixed password which can be easily discovered. The programmer may simply hard-code those back-end credentials into the front-end software. Any user of that program may be able to extract the password. Client-side systems with hard-coded passwords pose even more of a threat, since the extraction of a password from a binary is usually very simple.",,Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 8, ""Key Management Issues"" Page 272
15542264 Top 25 Series - Rank 11 - Hardcoded Credentials: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/10/top-25-series-rank-11-hardcoded-credentials/
15552265 Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/"
1556 CWE-89,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (SQL Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component.","Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
2266 CWE-89,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (SQL Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component.
2267 Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
15572268 SQL injection has become a common issue with database-driven web sites. The flaw is easily detected, and easily exploited, and as such, any site or software package with even a minimal user base is likely to be subject to an attempted attack of this kind. This flaw depends on the fact that SQL makes no real distinction between the control and data planes.",,Very High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 1: SQL Injection."" Page 3
15582269 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 12, ""Database Input Issues"" Page 397
15592270 SQL Injection Prevention Cheat Sheet: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/SQL_Injection_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet
15682279 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
15692280 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""SQL Queries"", Page 431.
15702281 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""SQL Injection"", Page 1061."
1571 CWE-262,Not Using Password Aging (Type: Variant),"If no mechanism is in place for managing password aging, users will have no incentive to update passwords in a timely manner.","This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Very Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1572 CWE-263,Password Aging with Long Expiration (Type: Base),Allowing password aging to occur unchecked can result in the possibility of diminished password integrity.,"Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Very Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1573 ,Session Cookie without Secure flag set,"This cookie does not have the Secure flag set. When a cookie is set with the Secure flag, it instructs the browser that the cookie can only be accessed over secure SSL channels. This is an important security protection for session cookies.",,"If possible, you should set the Secure flag for this cookie.",low,
1574 ,Session Cookie without HttpOnly flag Set,"This cookie does not have the HTTPOnly flag set. When a cookie is set with the HTTPOnly flag, it instructs the browser that the cookie can only be accessed by the server and not by client-side scripts. This is an important security protection for session cookies.",,"If possible, you should set the HTTPOnly flag for this cookie.",Low,
1575 ,Application error message,"This page contains an error/warning message that may disclose sensitive information.The message can also contain the location of the file that produced the unhandled exception.
1576
1577 The error messages may disclose sensitive information. This information can be used to launch further attacks.",,Review the source code for this script. The application need to show generic errors.,,
1578 ,Apache httpOnly Cookie Disclosure,"El servidor Apache version 2.2.X hasta la 2.2.21 no restringe correctamente la informacion mostrada en la contrsuccion del error "" Bad Request "" (aka 400) permitiendo a un atacante obtener los parametros de HTTPOnly.
1579 Datos: http://fd.the-wildcat.de/apache_e36a9cf46c.php",,Actualizar el apache. La version 2.2.22 es la primer version que soluciona este problema.,,
1580 ,Input Password with Autocomplete Enable,"Autocomplete allows the browser to predict the value. When a user starts to type in a field, the browser should display options to fill in the field, based on earlier typed values. If an attacker gain access to a computer its possible of get credentials back.",,"You should include the attribute Autocomplete OFF:
2282 CWE-262,EN-Not Using Password Aging (Type: Variant),"If no mechanism is in place for managing password aging, users will have no incentive to update passwords in a timely manner.
2283 This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Very Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
2284 CWE-263,EN-Password Aging with Long Expiration (Type: Base),"Allowing password aging to occur unchecked can result in the possibility of diminished password integrity.
2285 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Very Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
2286 CWE-768,ES-Incorrect Short Circuit Evaluation (Type: Variant),"The software contains a conditional statement with multiple logical expressions in which one of the non-leading expressions may produce side effects. This may lead to an unexpected state in the program after the execution of the conditional, because short-circuiting logic may prevent the side effects from occurring.
2287 ","Usage of short circuit evaluation, though well-defined in the C standard, may alter control flow in a way that introduces logic errors that are difficult to detect, possibly causing errors later during the software's execution. If an attacker can discover such an inconsistency, it may be exploitable to gain arbitrary control over a system.
2288 If the first condition of an ""or"" statement is assumed to be true under normal circumstances, or if the first condition of an ""and"" statement is assumed to be false, then any subsequent conditional may contain its own logic errors that are not detected during code review or testing.
2289 Finally, the usage of short circuit evaluation may decrease the maintainability of the code.",Very Low,
2290 ,Metadatos,"250+ Archivos conteniendo metadatos: Usuarios, Carpetas, fechas de edicion y modificacion, software usado, Direccion de impresoras locales
2291 ","Datos privados son revelados a traves de los metadatos de documentos hosteados en el dominio (PDF, WORD). Datos como nombres de usuario, versiones de sistemas operativos, versiones de software utilizados, fechas y horas de cada modificacion del documento, direcciones de red de impresoras, etc. Se recomienda limpiar de metadatos documentos que luego seran publicados en internet",,
2292 ,ES-Session Cookie without Secure flag set,"La cookie no tiene la marca de ""Secure"". Esto instruye al navegador que dicha cookie puede ser solo accedida por canales SSL.
2293 ",Si es posible se deberia habilitar la flag Secure para esta cookie,Low,
2294 ,ES-Session Cookie without HttpOnly flag Set,"La cookie de sesion no esta marcada como HTTPOnly, cuando una cookie es marcada de esta manera da instruccion al navegador que esa cookie puede ser accedida solamente por el servdor y no por script del lado del cliente. Es una importante proteccion de seguridad para las cookies de sesion
2295 ",Si es posible se deberia habilitar la flag HTTPOnly para esta cookie,Low,
2296 ,ES-Apache httpd Remote Denial of Service,"* Alerta generada por el flag del servidor: ver: 2.2.15 *
2297 Se ha detectado un problema en las versiones de apache 1.3.0, 2.0.x hasta 2.0.64 y 2.2.X hasta 2.2.19 que mediante una herramienta automatizada un atacante usand una moderada cantidad de request puede causar un uso significativo de memoria y CPU en el servidor. Datos: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2011/Aug/175.
2298 ",Actualizar version de apache,Medium,
2299 ,ES-Robots.txt,"Robots.txt revela directorios sensibles. Un atacante busca directamente robots.txt para encontrar puntos desde donde comenzar su ataque.
2300 ","Es conveniente manejar nombres de directorios que no describan el contenido, en especial en directorios sensibles. Por ejemplo en lugar de /setup o /app_data llamar al directorio /Dir_Code1. De esta manera no revelar a un atacante que clase de informacion contiene un directorio, que se intenta ocultar de los buscadores (mediante robots.txt)
2301 Otra practica que se me ocurre es la utilizacion de parametros. Por ejemplo:
2302 Disallow: /*AB/$
2303 Esto desactivará cualquier carpeta que termine con ""AB"" por ejemplo /sourceAB/. Evitando pasar cualquier dato a un atacante y centralizando las carpetas sensibles y ocultandolas simplemente colocando ""AB"" al final.",Info,
2304 ,ES-Typical Login Web,"Archivo de Login nombrado de manera ""comun"".
2305 ",Esto facilita a los robots de ataque encontrar paginas sensibles. Se recomienda no usar nombres estandard para paginas de login.,,
2306 ,ES-Credentials en Texto Plano,"Las Credenciales de usuario son trasmitidas por un canal sin cifrar y puede ser interceptada.
2307 ",Es altamente recomendable que las paginas de login se fuerzen a usar SSL (https),Medium,
2308 ,ES-Parametro __VIEWSTATE sin encriptar,"El parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"" no esta encriptado. Para reducir las posibilidades que alguien intercepte informacion guardada en ViewState es bueno encriptarlo.
2309 ","Se recomienda encriptar el parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"", para hacer esto se debe setear el tipo de validacion a 3DES. Editar Web.Config y agregar la siguiente linea bajo <system.web>
2310 <machineKey validation=""3DES""/>",,
2311 ,ES-Insecure Captcha,"La resolucion del Captcha esta incluida en el mismo codigo:
2312
2313 <img id=""ctl01_mainContent_imgCaptcha"" src=""http://test-www.bancofalabella.com.co/Data/Sites/1/ImgTemp/ImageFormat_THHvB.png""
2314 style=""border-width:0px;"" />
2315
2316 Siendo la respuesta THHvB
2317
2318 Facilitando la manera de automatizar un script para atacar el form
2319 ",Se recomienda implementar un sistema de Captcha que la resolucion no se incluya en el codigo.,,
2320 ,"ES-Mensaje de error de la aplicacion
2321 (Application error message)","El server responde con mensajes de error internos que no deberián mostrarse, facilitando de esta manera informacion que puede ser sensible o util para un atacante. Pudiendo de esta manera obtener datos para mejorar su vector de ataque
2322 ","Se recomienda deshabilitar los mensajes de error, para no proporcionar información de la tecnología o software implementado.
2323
2324 ",Low,
2325 ,ES-Apache httpOnly Cookie Disclosure,"El servidor Apache version 2.2.X hasta la 2.2.21 no restringe correctamente la informacion mostrada en la contrsuccion del error "" Bad Request "" (aka 400) permitiendo a un atacante obtener los parametros de HTTPOnly.
2326 Datos: http://fd.the-wildcat.de/apache_e36a9cf46c.php
2327 ",Actualizar el apache. La version 2.2.22 es la primer version que soluciona este problema.,Medium,
2328 ,ES-Input de Contraseña con Autocompletar,"Un form de login con autocompletar sugiere un problema de seguridad, sobretodo para los usuarios que utilizan el servicio desde computadoras publicas.
2329 ","Se recomienta establecer el input con Autocomplete OFF:
15812330 <INPUT TYPE=""password"" AUTOCOMPLETE=""off"">",Low,
1582 ,Backup Files,"Backup files can contain script sources, configuration files or other sensitive information that may help an malicious user to prepare more advanced attacks",,"Remove the file(s) if they are not required on your website. As an additional step, it is recommended to implement a security policy within your organization to disallow creation of backup files in directories accessible from the web.",,
1583 ,Sesintive directory,"A possible sensitive directory has been found. This directory is not directly linked from the website.This check looks for common sensitive resources like backup directories, database dumps, administration pages, temporary directories. Each one of these directories could help an attacker to learn more about his target.",,,,
1584 ,Slow HTTP Denial of Service Attack,"Slowloris and Slow HTTP POST DoS attacks rely on the fact that the HTTP protocol, by design, requires requests to be completely received by the server before they are processed. If an HTTP request is not complete, or if the transfer rate is very low, the server keeps its resources busy waiting for the rest of the data. If the server keeps too many resources busy, this creates a denial of service.",,It's important to configure the timout values on the Webserver. Here is a link to a guide on how to prevent this kind of attack: https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/11/02/how-to-protect-against-slow-http-attacks,Medium,
1585 ,Clickjacking,"It might be possible for a web page controlled by an attacker to load the content of this response within an iframe on the attacker's page. This may enable a ""clickjacking"" attack, in which the attacker's page overlays the target application's interface with a different interface provided by the attacker. By inducing victim users to perform actions such as mouse clicks and keystrokes, the attacker can cause them to unwittingly carry out actions within the application that is being targeted. This technique allows the attacker to circumvent defenses against cross-site request forgery, and may result in unauthorized actions. Ref:http://javascript.info/tutorial/clickjacking",,"To effectively prevent framing attacks, the application should return a response header with the name X-Frame-Options and the value DENY to prevent framing altogether, or the value SAMEORIGIN to allow framing only by pages on the same origin as the response itself.",Low,
1586 ,OPTIONS method is enabled,"HTTP OPTIONS method is enabled on this web server. The OPTIONS method provides a list of the methods that are supported by the web server, it represents a request for information about the communication options available on the request/response chain identified by the Request-URI.
1587 The OPTIONS method may expose sensitive information that may help an malicious user to prepare more advanced attacks.",,It's recommended to disable OPTIONS Method on the web server.,Low,
1588 ,TLS1/SSLv3 Renegotiation Vulnerability,"A vulnerability in the way SSL and TLS protocols allow renegotiation requests may allow an attacker to inject plaintext into an application protocol stream. This could result in a situation where the attacker may be able to issue commands to the server that appear to be coming from a legitimate source. This issue affects SSL version 3.0 and newer and TLS version 1.0 and newer.
1589 A remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to inject an arbitrary amount of chosen plaintext into the beginning of the application protocol stream. This could allow and attacker to issue HTTP requests, or take action impersonating the user, among other consequences.",,http://www.g-sec.lu/practicaltls.pdf,,
1590 ,Email address found,One or more email addresses have been found on this page. The majority of spam comes from email addresses harvested off the internet. The spam-bots (also known as email harvesters and email extractors) are programs that scour the internet looking for email addresses on any website they come across. Spambot programs look for strings like [email protected] and then record any addresses found.,,,,
1591 ,File Inclusion,It is possible for a remote attacker to include a file from local or remote resources and/or execute arbitrary script code with the privileges of the webserver.,,"Edit the source code to ensure that input is properly validated. Where is possible, it is recommended to make a list of accepted filenames and restrict the input to that list.
2331 ,ES-Archivos de Backup,"Los archivos de Backup pueden contener codigo fuente de script, archivos de configuracion u otra informacion sensible que puede ayudar a un atacante a conocer el servidor y preparar ataques mas avanzados o especificos.
2332 ",Remover el/los archivo(s) si no son requeridos en el servidor en produccion. Como un paso adicional es recomendado implementar una politica de seguridad para no permitir la creacion de archivos de backup en directorios accesibles desde la web.,,
2333 ,ES-Possible sensitive directories,"Un posible directorio sensible fue encotnrado. Este directorio no esta directamente linkeado en el servidor Web.Se chekeo usando nombres comunes para directorios de configuracion, backups, bajadas de bases de datos, paginas de administracion, archivos temporales, etc. Usar nombres comunes de directorios para almacenar este tipo de informacion facilita a usuarios maliciosos buscar archivos sensibles.
2334 ","Se recomienda llamar a estos directorios de manera no estandard, por ejemplo:
2335 config-->c0nfig05
2336 backup-->b4ccup
2337 Aunque es aun mas recomendabl, de ser posible, no dejar directorios de backup, configuracion, etc accesibles directamente desde la web",,
2338 ,ES-Slow HTTP Denial of Service Attack,"Los ataques conocidos como ""Slowloris"" y ""Slow HTTP POST DoS"" se basan en el hecho de que el protocolo HTTP, por diseño, requiere que las consultas esten completamente recividas por el servidor antes de poder ser procesadas. Si la consulta HTTP no esta completa, o si la tranferencia es muy lenta, el servidor mantiene recursos ocupados esperando el resto de la informacion. Si el servidor mantiene demasiados recursos ocupados, esto crea una denegacion de servicio.
2339 ",Es importante establecer los tiempos de espera del servidor. Se adjunta link de recomendacion para evitar este tipo de ataques: https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/11/02/how-to-protect-against-slow-http-attacks,Medium,
2340 ,ES-Clickjacking,"No se encuentra ningún tipo de impedimento para evitar que la web sea embebida dentro de un iframe. Esta restricción es importante ya que un atacante podría engañar a un usuario autenticado a realizar operaciones mediante un engaño llamado Clickjacking donde la víctima se le presenta una web, posiblemente con algun juego, utilizando algunos engaños de interfaz la victima podria ser engañada a aprobar una venta. Ref:http://javascript.info/tutorial/clickjacking
2341 ","Todos los browsers modernos son capaces de interpretar los valores seteados en X-Frame-Options, si los mismos son incluidos en el Header del servidor.",Low,
2342 ,"ES-XSS Cross Site Scripting
2343 (Secuencias de comandos en sitios cruzados)","Es posible injectar tags html y código javascript malicioso, por una falta en la comprobación de los datos ingresados en los parameros. De esta forma, un atacante podría ejecutar código que le permita obtener las cookies del usuario atacado, y de esa forma, tomar control de su cuenta.
2344 ","Recomendamos filtrar todos los parámetros en búsqueda de posibles injecciones, y escapar todos los datos de entrada que se vayan a mostrar en la respuesta.",High,
2345 ,ES-SSL 2.0 Obsolete Protocol,"El servicio remoto encripta el trafico utilizando una version obsoleta del protocolo SSL con errores y debilidades conocidas. Un atacante puede explotar estas vulneravilidades y conducir a un ataque de ""man in the middle"" o desencriptar la comunicaciones entre el servicio afectado y los clientes.
2346 ",Se recomienda desactivar SSL 2.0 y usar SSL 3.0 o TLS 1.0 en su lugar.,High,
2347 ,"ES-OPTIONS method is enabled
2348 (Metodo OPTIONS activado)","El metodo HTTP OPTIONS esta activado en el servidor. El metodo OPTIONS provee una lista de los metodos que son soportados por el servidor web. El metodo OPTIONS puede exponer informasion sensible que puede ayudar a un usuario malicioso a preparar ataques mas avanzados
2349 ",Es recomendado desactivar el metodo OPTIONS en un servidor en produccion.,Low,
2350 ,ES-TLS1/SSLv3 Renegotiation Vulnerability,"Una vulnerabilidad en la manera que el protocol SSL and TLS acepta pedidos renegociaciones pueden permitir a un atacante inyectar texto plano en ect plaintext into an application protocol stream. This could result in a situation where the attacker may be able to issue commands to the server that appear to be coming from a legitimate source. This issue affects SSL version 3.0 and newer and TLS version 1.0 and newer.
2351 A remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to inject an arbitrary amount of chosen plaintext into the beginning of the application protocol stream. This could allow and attacker to issue HTTP requests, or take action impersonating the user, among other consequences.
2352 ",http://www.g-sec.lu/practicaltls.pdf,,
2353 ,ES-File Inclusion,"Es posible que un atacante remoto incluya un archivo de recursos locales o remotos y / o la ejecución de código de script arbitrario con los privilegios del servidor web.
2354 ","Editar el código fuente para asegurarse de que la entrada esté correctamente validada. Cuando es posible, se recomienda hacer una lista de nombres de archivos aceptados y restringir la entrada a la lista.
2355
2356 En PHP, la opción allow_url_fopen normalmente permite a un programador para abrir, incluir o utilizan de alguna manera un archivo remoto a través de una URL en lugar de una ruta de archivo local. Se recomienda desactivar esta opción de php.ini.",,
2357 CWE-319,"ES-Credenciales enviadas por un canal en texto plano
2358 (User Credentials Sent in Clear Text)","Las credenciales de usuario se transmiten sobre un canal sin cifrar. Esta información siempre debe ser transferida a través de un canal cifrado (HTTPS) para evitar ser interceptados por usuarios maliciosos.
2359
2360 Una tercera persona puede ser capaz de leer las credenciales de usuario mediante la interceptación de una conexión no cifrada de HTTP.
2361 ","Debido que las credenciales del usuario son considerados información confidencial, siempre debe ser transferido al servidor a través de una conexión segura (HTTPS).",Medium,
2362 ,ES-URL Redirection,"Este script es vulnerable a los ataques de redireccion por URL
2363
2364 La redireccion por URL es comunmente usado para pishing y suplantacion de identidad, ya que confunde al usuario a que sitio esta ingresando realmente. Un atacante puede redireccionar una visita desde un sitio valido hasta un servidor preparado por el, para poder hacer ataques como por ejemplo de pishin o distribucion de malware.
2365 ","El script debe filtrar los sitios destinos del redirect, manteniendolo siempre dentro de los dominios validos.",,
2366 ,ES-Apache Server Status Enabled,"Server Status es una opcion de debug que muestra informacion sensible del servidor, como numero de peticiones, url de las peticiones, uso de memoria, threads, etc
2367 ","Es recomendable desactivar esta opcion en servidores en produccion, o de ser necesaria la utilizacion de la misma, securizar la carpeta con contraseña o renombrarla para que no sea de facil ubicacion",,
2368 ,ES-Microsoft IIS tilde directory enumeration,"Es posible detectar nombres cortos de archivosy directorios cuyo nombrado sea en formato 8.3 en Windows usando vectores en varias versiones de Microsoft IIS. For instance, it is possible to detect all short-names of "".aspx"" files as they have 4 letters in their extensions. This can be a major issue especially for the .Net websites which are vulnerable to direct URL access as an attacker can find important files and folders that they are not normally visible.
2369 ",There is a way to disable Windows 8.3 short name creation.You can create a registry key named NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreation in HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlFileSystem and set it to 1. That should disable short names creation. Refer to this Microsoft TechNet article to read more about the solution.,,
2370 ,ES-SQL Injection,"Debido al incorrecto filtrado de parámetros es posible ejecutar comandos SQL en la base de datos situada en el servidor mediante manipulación de parámetros. Un atacante podría utilizar esta técnica para extraer/modificar/eliminar el contenido de la base de datos, el único limitante son los privilegios del usuario utilizado por la web application aunque en muchos casos es posible, gracias a una inyeccion de SQL, es posible catapultar un acceso al sistema operativo.
2371 ","Se debe modificar la aplicación para filtrar caracteres en los campos de input antes de ser enviados como consulta al servidor de base de datos.
2372 Es importante que se sigan buenas prácticas de programación, en todos los sitios desarrollados, y sobre todos los parámetros, y no solo sobre aquellos que sean vulnerables actualmente.
2373 Guía de cómo evitar estos ataques (en inglés): https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Guide_to_SQL_Injection",Very High,
2374 ,ES-ASP.NET debugging enabled,"El modo depuracion de ASP.NET esta activado en el servidor. Es recomendado desactivar este modo en servidores en produccion. Por defecto en la instalacion de IIS este modo esta desactivado, si fue activado para diagnosticar errores es conveniente luego desactivarlo.
2375 ","Es posible que el modo debug muestre datos sensibles del servidor.
2376 Mas informacion de como desactivar el modo debug:
2377 http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;es-us;815157",,
2378 ,ES-Unicode tranfsormation Issues,"La pagina es vulnerable a varias tranformaciones de Unicode como ""Best-Fit Mappings"", ""Overlong byte sequences"" y ""Ill-formed sequences"".
2379 Best-Fit Mappings ocurre cuando el caracter X es tranformado por un totalmente diferente caracter Y. En general, best-fit mappings occure cuando el caracter es transcodeado entre Unicode y otro encodificado.
2380
2381 ************************************
2382
2383 ""Overlong byte sequences"" (no la forma corta) - UTF-8 allows for different representations of characters that also have a shorter form. For security reasons, a UTF-8 decoder must not accept UTF-8 sequences that are longer than necessary to encode a character. For example, the character U+000A (line feed) must be accepted from a UTF-8 stream only in the form 0x0A, but not in any of the following five possible overlong forms:
2384 0xC0 0x8A
2385 0xE0 0x80 0x8A
2386 0xF0 0x80 0x80 0x8A
2387 0xF8 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x8A
2388 0xFC 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x8A
2389
2390 Ill-Formed Subsequences As REQUIRED by UNICODE 3.0, and noted in the Unicode Technical Report #36, if a leading byte is followed by an invalid successor byte, then it should NOT consume it.
2391
2392
2393 Software vulnerabilities arise when Best-Fit mappings occur. For example, characters can be manipulated to bypass string handling filters, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) or SQL Injection filters, WAF's, and IDS devices. Overlong UTF-8 sequence could be abused to bypass UTF-8 substring tests that look only for the shortest possible encoding.
2394 ","Se debe identificar el origen de esta tranformacion Unicode y reparar el problema. Se deja links a paginas con informacion:
2395 Links with more information:
2396 http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-09/WEBER/BHUSA09-Weber-UnicodeSecurityPreview-PAPER.pdf
2397 http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html
2398 http://sirdarckcat.blogspot.ro/2009/10/couple-of-unicode-issues-on-php-and.html
2399 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/",,
2400 ,"ES-File Upload XSS
2401 (Subida dearchivo de secuencias de comandos de sitios curzados)","El Script es vulnerable a XSS (Cross-site scripting). La aplicacion permite la carga de archivos y se subio un archivo conteniendo lenguaje HTML. Cuando este tipo de archivos es permitido en la carga, Lugo se pueden ejecutar o linkear, mostrando codigo o acciones malociosas en dicha web.
2402
2403 Usuarios maliciosos pueden inyectar: JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML o Flash en esta aplicacion vulnerable y engañar a un usuario para obtener informacion de el, tambien se puede robar datos de la sesion, asi como las cookies de la misma. Dependiendo del codigo que se pueda ejecutar, tambien se puede ganar acceso al wevidor web, archivos de configuracion o hasta ejecucion de binarios en el sistema operativo host.
2404 ","Se deben restringir los tipos de archivos aceptados en el sistema de Carga: chekear la extension y solo aceptar ciertos tipos de archivos. Se recomienda una Whitelist en lugar de Un blacklist (es mejor especificar listado unico de extensiones permitidas, sobre un listado de denegadas). Tambien se debe chekear doble extensiones como .php.png. Chekear archivos sin nombre como "".htaccess"" (en ASP.NET, se debe chekear archivos de configuracion como web.config). Cambiar los permisos sobre la carpeta upload (de carga) para que los archivos no puedan ser ejecutados ahi. Si es posible, renombre los archivos que son subidos al servidor.
2405 Links con mas informacion:
2406 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Unrestricted_File_Upload
2407 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Stored_Cross_site_scripting_(OWASP-DV-002)",,
2408 ,ES-jQuery cross site scripting,"Esta pagina esta usando una version obsoleta de jQuery la cual es vulnerable a Cross Site Scripting. Muchos sitios estan utilisando la seleccion de elementos usando location.hash lo que permite la ejecucion de scripts en la pagina. El problema fue solucionado en la vercion jQuery 1.6.3 o superior.
2409 Usuarios malociosos pueden inyectar JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML o Flash en la aplicacion vulnerable, pudiendo asi engañar a un usuario para sacarle informacion sensible.
2410 ","Update to the latest version of jQuery.
2411 More info: http://ma.la/jquery_xss/
2412 http://blog.jquery.com/2011/09/01/jquery-1-6-3-released/",,
2413 ,ES-Host Header Attack,"Un atacante puede manipular el header Host y causar que la aplicacion se comporte de maneras inesperadas. Programadores aveces creen en el header host y programas el codigo basado en el: (_SERVER[""HTTP_HOST""] in PHP). Esto tambien se refleja en portales como joombla o wordpress donde los plugins y ejecucion de script, ejemplos:
2414
2415 <link href=""http://_SERVER['HOST']"" (Joomla)
2416
2417 ...haciendo un apend de keys secretas y tokens:
2418 <a href=""http://_SERVER['HOST']?token=topsecret""> (Django, Gallery y otros)
2419 ....e importante directamente scripts:
2420 <script src=""http://_SERVER['HOST']/misc/jquery.js?v=1.4.4""> (Various)
2421 ","La aplicacion web deberia usar una variable ""SERVER_NAME"" en lugar de basarse en le Host header.",High,
2422 ,ES-Login Page password-guessing attack,"Un problema común con el que se encuentran los programadores web son los ataques de fuerza bruta de logins. Un ataque de fuerza bruta es un intento de adivinar la contraseña por sistemáticamente probar todas las posibles combinaciones de números, letras y símbolos hasta descubrir la convencional correcta. Este ataque se mejora utilizando diccionarios con palabras comunes y combinaciones de las mismas
2423
2424 Esta pagina de Login no tiene ninguna protección contra este ataque ya que se probaron 20 logins inválidos y el servidor no bloqueo el acceso para seguir intentando. Tampoco dispone de ninguna protección para evitar los intentos de login automáticos (como un captcha).
2425 ","Es recomendable implementar algun tipo de bloqueo de intentos de login tras un numero de fallos en los intentos.
2426 Mas información:
2427 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Blocking_Brute_Force_Attacks",,
2428 ,ES-Error page web server version disclosure (Pagina de error mostrando version de servidor ),"Pidiendo una pagina que no existe el servidor responde con un error. En esta pagina de error se encuentran datos que contienen version del servidor web y/o modulos activados en este. Dicha informacion puede ser usada para mejorar las tacticas del atacante sabiendo a que se enfrenta
2429 ",Se debe configurar paginas de error customizadas evitando mostrar esta informacion.,Low,
2430 ,ES-Weak SSL,"El servidor esta utiizando un cifrado SSL dèbil.
2431
2432 Weak SSL ciphers (SSL2 on port 443):
2433
2434 SSL2_CK_RC4_128_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 - Low strength
2435 SSL2_CK_RC2_128_CBC_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 - Low strength
2436 SSL2_CK_DES_64_CBC_WITH_MD5 - Low strength
2437
2438 Weak SSL ciphers (SSL3 on port 443):
2439
2440 SSL3_CK_RSA_RC4_40_MD5 - Low strength
2441 SSL3_CK_RSA_RC2_40_MD5 - Low strength
2442 SSL3_CK_RSA_DES_40_CBC_SHA - Low strength
2443 SSL3_CK_RSA_DES_64_CBC_SHA - Low strength
2444 SSL3_CK_EDH_RSA_DES_40_CBC_SHA - Low strength
2445 SSL3_CK_EDH_RSA_DES_64_CBC_SHA - Low strength
2446
2447 Weak SSL ciphers (TLS1 on port 443):
2448
2449 TLS1_CK_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 - Low strength
2450 TLS1_CK_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 - Low strength
2451 TLS1_CK_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA - Low strength
2452 TLS1_CK_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA - Low strength
2453 TLS1_CK_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA - Low strength
2454 TLS1_CK_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA - Low strength
2455 ",Reconfigurar el servidor para encriptado mas fuerte.,,
2456 ,ES-CRIME SSL/TLS attack,"Compression Ratio Info-leak Made Easy (CRIME) es un exploit contra las cookies secretas del servidor sobre conexiones usando protocolos HTTPS y SPDY que tambien esten usando compresion de datos. Cuando se recupera el contenido de la cookie de autentificacion, permite a un atacante robar la sesion, permitiendo iniciar otros ataques.
2457
2458 CRIME es un ataque del lado cliente, pero el servidor puede proteger al cliente rechazando la combinacion de estas opciones. Para CRIME, la debilidad es la compresion Deflate.
2459 ","CRIME puede ser combatido previniendo el uso de compresion, tanto del lado del cliente, desactivando la compresion de las peticiones HTTPS, o del lado del servidor previniendo el uso de compresion de datos en las transacciones que utilicen el protocolo TLS.
2460
2461 Referencias WEB.
2462 http://blogs.cisco.com/security/breach-crime-and-blackhat/
2463 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRIME_(security_exploit)
2464 http://isecpartners.com/blog/2012/september/details-on-the-crime-attack.aspx",High,
2465 ,ES-Transaccion Insegura de HTTPS a HTTP en el form POST,"La pagina segura (https) contiene un form que realiza el post sobre una pagina insegura (http). Esto puede confundir al usuario y hacerle creer que su datos son enviados encriptados cuando en realidad no.
2466 ",El destino del FORM debe apuntar a una pagina segura (https),,
2467 ,ES-Trace Method is Enabled (Metodo TRACE activado),"El metodo Trace esta habilitado en el servidor. En precencia de otras vulnerabilidades cross-domain en los navegadores web, informacion sensible del campo header puede ser leida desde cualquier dominio que soporte metodo HTTP TRACE.
2468
2469 Un atacante poria abusar de la funcionabilidad HTTP TRACE para ganar acceso a la informacion de los headers HTTP como las cookies y datos de autenticacion.
2470 ","Se recomienda desactivar el metodo TRACE en el servidor web.
2471
2472 Referencias WEB:
2473 http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html
2474 http://www.cgisecurity.com/lib/WH-WhitePaper_XST_ebook.pdf",Low,
2475 ,ES-Public Key SSL < 2048 bits (Certificado de llave Publica SSL menor de 2048 Bits),"El certificado SSL usado por el servidor contiene una llave publica de menos de 2048 bits de largo
2476
2477 Los nuevos estandares de de la Industria de Certificados para SSL (SSL Certificates Industry) seteados por Certification Authority/Browser (CA/B) Forum requiere que los certificados expedidos despues de enero 1 del 2014. Deben ser al menos de 2048-bit largo. Con el incremento del poder de procesamiento de las computadoras, cualquier certificado menor de 2048-bit es riesgoso de ser comprometido por personas mal intecionadas con poder de procesamiento.
2478 ","Si se tiene cualquier certificado de 1024-bito certificados con menos de 2048-bit de largo, sera necesario que se migre a 2048-bit.
2479
2480 New Standard: https://www.cabforum.org/wp-content/uploads/Baseline_Requirements_V1.pdf",,
2481 ,ES-Ruby on Rails CookieStore session cookie persistence,"Ruby on Rails contiene un fallo en su diseño que podria permitir a atacantes facilitar el acceso a las aplicaciones. El problema esta en mecanicsmo de la CookieStore en guardar la cookie en el lado del cliente, mientras no guarda la entrada correspondiente en el lado del servidor. Cuando la aplicacion termina la sesion, Ruby on Rails no tiene manera de trackear esto y verdaderamente invalidad la cookie con la configuracion por defecto. Esto significa que persiste ""de por vida"" y puede ser usada para acceder a aplicaciones inclusive cuando se piensa que se termino la sesion.
2482 ","Actualmente, no se conocen actualizaciones o parches para corregir esta vulnerabilidad. Si es posible migrar temporalmente implementando un sistema de autenticacion mas seguro (e.g. ActiveRecordStore).",,
2483 ,EN-Metadatos,"250+ Archivos conteniendo metadatos: Usuarios, Carpetas, fechas de edicion y modificacion, software usado, Direccion de impresoras locales
2484 ","Datos privados son revelados a traves de los metadatos de documentos hosteados en el dominio (PDF, WORD). Datos como nombres de usuario, versiones de sistemas operativos, versiones de software utilizados, fechas y horas de cada modificacion del documento, direcciones de red de impresoras, etc. Se recomienda limpiar de metadatos documentos que luego seran publicados en internet",,
2485 ,EN-Session Cookie without Secure flag set,"This cookie does not have the Secure flag set. When a cookie is set with the Secure flag, it instructs the browser that the cookie can only be accessed over secure SSL channels. This is an important security protection for session cookies.
2486 ","If possible, you should set the Secure flag for this cookie.",low,
2487 ,EN-Session Cookie without HttpOnly flag Set,"This cookie does not have the HTTPOnly flag set. When a cookie is set with the HTTPOnly flag, it instructs the browser that the cookie can only be accessed by the server and not by client-side scripts. This is an important security protection for session cookies.
2488 ","If possible, you should set the HTTPOnly flag for this cookie.",Low,
2489 ,EN-Apache httpd Remote Denial of Service,"* Alerta generada por el flag del servidor: ver: 2.2.15 *
2490 Se ha detectado un problema en las versiones de apache 1.3.0, 2.0.x hasta 2.0.64 y 2.2.X hasta 2.2.19 que mediante una herramienta automatizada un atacante usand una moderada cantidad de request puede causar un uso significativo de memoria y CPU en el servidor. Datos: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2011/Aug/175.
2491 ",Actualizar version de apache,,
2492 ,EN-Robots.txt,"Robots.txt revela directorios sensibles. Un atacante busca directamente robots.txt para encontrar puntos desde donde comenzar su ataque.
2493 ","Es conveniente manejar nombres de directorios que no describan el contenido, en especial en directorios sensibles. Por ejemplo en lugar de /setup o /app_data llamar al directorio /Dir_Code1. De esta manera no revelar a un atacante que clase de informacion contiene un directorio, que se intenta ocultar de los buscadores (mediante robots.txt)
2494 Otra practica que se me ocurre es la utilizacion de parametros. Por ejemplo:
2495 Disallow: /*AB/$
2496 Esto desactivará cualquier carpeta que termine con ""AB"" por ejemplo /sourceAB/. Evitando pasar cualquier dato a un atacante y centralizando las carpetas sensibles y ocultandolas simplemente colocando ""AB"" al final.",,
2497 ,EN-Typical Login Web,"Archivo de Login nombrado de manera ""comun"".
2498 ",Esto facilita a los robots de ataque encontrar paginas sensibles. Se recomienda no usar nombres estandard para paginas de login.,,
2499 ,EN-Credentials in Plain Text,"La pagina de login viaja sobre texto plano
2500 ",Es altamente recomendable que las paginas de login se fuerzen a usar SSL (https),Medium,
2501 ,EN-Unencrypted __VIEWSTATE parameter,"El parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"" no esta encriptado. Para reducir las posibilidades que alguien intercepte informacion guardada en ViewState es bueno encriptarlo.
2502 ","Se recomienda encriptar el parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"", para hacer esto se debe setear el tipo de validacion a 3DES. Editar Web.Config y agregar la siguiente linea bajo <system.web>
2503 <machineKey validation=""3DES""/>",,
2504 ,EN-Insecure Captcha,"La resolucion del Captcha esta incluida en el mismo codigo:
2505
2506 <img id=""ctl01_mainContent_imgCaptcha"" src=""http://test-www.bancofalabella.com.co/Data/Sites/1/ImgTemp/ImageFormat_THHvB.png""
2507 style=""border-width:0px;"" />
2508
2509 Siendo la respuesta THHvB
2510
2511 Facilitando la manera de automatizar un script para atacar el form
2512 ",Se recomienda implementar un sistema de Captcha que la resolucion no se incluya en el codigo.,,
2513 ,EN-Application error message,"This page contains an error/warning message that may disclose sensitive information.The message can also contain the location of the file that produced the unhandled exception.
2514
2515 The error messages may disclose sensitive information. This information can be used to launch further attacks.
2516 ",Review the source code for this script. The application need to show generic errors.,,
2517 ,EN-Apache httpOnly Cookie Disclosure,"El servidor Apache version 2.2.X hasta la 2.2.21 no restringe correctamente la informacion mostrada en la contrsuccion del error "" Bad Request "" (aka 400) permitiendo a un atacante obtener los parametros de HTTPOnly.
2518 Datos: http://fd.the-wildcat.de/apache_e36a9cf46c.php
2519 ",Actualizar el apache. La version 2.2.22 es la primer version que soluciona este problema.,,
2520 ,EN-Input Password with Autocomplete Enable,"Autocomplete allows the browser to predict the value. When a user starts to type in a field, the browser should display options to fill in the field, based on earlier typed values. If an attacker gain access to a computer its possible of get credentials back.
2521 ","You should include the attribute Autocomplete OFF:
2522 <INPUT TYPE=""password"" AUTOCOMPLETE=""off"">",Low,
2523 ,Backup FilesEN-,"Backup files can contain script sources, configuration files or other sensitive information that may help an malicious user to prepare more advanced attacks
2524 ","Remove the file(s) if they are not required on your website. As an additional step, it is recommended to implement a security policy within your organization to disallow creation of backup files in directories accessible from the web.",,
2525 ,EN-Sesintive directory,"A possible sensitive directory has been found. This directory is not directly linked from the website.This check looks for common sensitive resources like backup directories, database dumps, administration pages, temporary directories. Each one of these directories could help an attacker to learn more about his target.
2526 ",,,
2527 ,EN-Slow HTTP Denial of Service Attack,"Slowloris and Slow HTTP POST DoS attacks rely on the fact that the HTTP protocol, by design, requires requests to be completely received by the server before they are processed. If an HTTP request is not complete, or if the transfer rate is very low, the server keeps its resources busy waiting for the rest of the data. If the server keeps too many resources busy, this creates a denial of service.
2528 ",It's important to configure the timout values on the Webserver. Here is a link to a guide on how to prevent this kind of attack: https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/11/02/how-to-protect-against-slow-http-attacks,Medium,
2529 ,EN-Clickjacking,"It might be possible for a web page controlled by an attacker to load the content of this response within an iframe on the attacker's page. This may enable a ""clickjacking"" attack, in which the attacker's page overlays the target application's interface with a different interface provided by the attacker. By inducing victim users to perform actions such as mouse clicks and keystrokes, the attacker can cause them to unwittingly carry out actions within the application that is being targeted. This technique allows the attacker to circumvent defenses against cross-site request forgery, and may result in unauthorized actions. Ref:http://javascript.info/tutorial/clickjacking
2530 ","To effectively prevent framing attacks, the application should return a response header with the name X-Frame-Options and the value DENY to prevent framing altogether, or the value SAMEORIGIN to allow framing only by pages on the same origin as the response itself.",Low,
2531 ,EN-OPTIONS method is enabled,"HTTP OPTIONS method is enabled on this web server. The OPTIONS method provides a list of the methods that are supported by the web server, it represents a request for information about the communication options available on the request/response chain identified by the Request-URI.
2532 The OPTIONS method may expose sensitive information that may help an malicious user to prepare more advanced attacks.
2533 ",It's recommended to disable OPTIONS Method on the web server.,Low,
2534 ,EN-TLS1/SSLv3 Renegotiation Vulnerability,"A vulnerability in the way SSL and TLS protocols allow renegotiation requests may allow an attacker to inject plaintext into an application protocol stream. This could result in a situation where the attacker may be able to issue commands to the server that appear to be coming from a legitimate source. This issue affects SSL version 3.0 and newer and TLS version 1.0 and newer.
2535 A remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to inject an arbitrary amount of chosen plaintext into the beginning of the application protocol stream. This could allow and attacker to issue HTTP requests, or take action impersonating the user, among other consequences.
2536 ",http://www.g-sec.lu/practicaltls.pdf,,
2537 ,EN-Email address found,"One or more email addresses have been found on this page. The majority of spam comes from email addresses harvested off the internet. The spam-bots (also known as email harvesters and email extractors) are programs that scour the internet looking for email addresses on any website they come across. Spambot programs look for strings like [email protected] and then record any addresses found.
2538 ",,,
2539 ,EN-File Inclusion,"It is possible for a remote attacker to include a file from local or remote resources and/or execute arbitrary script code with the privileges of the webserver.
2540 ","Edit the source code to ensure that input is properly validated. Where is possible, it is recommended to make a list of accepted filenames and restrict the input to that list.
15922541
15932542 For PHP, the option allow_url_fopen would normally allow a programmer to open, include or otherwise use a remote file using a URL rather than a local file path. It is recommended to disable this option from php.ini.",,
1594 ,User Credentials Sent in Clear Text,"Vulnerability description
2543 ,EN-User Credentials Sent in Clear Text,"Vulnerability description
15952544 User credentials are transmitted over an unencrypted channel. This information should always be transferred via an encrypted channel (HTTPS) to avoid being intercepted by malicious users.
15962545
15972546 The impact of this vulnerability
1598 A third party may be able to read the user credentials by intercepting an unencrypted HTTP connection.",,"Because user credentials are considered sensitive information, should always be transferred to the server over an encrypted connection (HTTPS).",,
1599 ,URL Redirection,"This script is possibly vulnerable to URL redirection attacks.
2547 A third party may be able to read the user credentials by intercepting an unencrypted HTTP connection.
2548 ","Because user credentials are considered sensitive information, should always be transferred to the server over an encrypted connection (HTTPS).",,
2549 ,EN-URL Redirection,"This script is possibly vulnerable to URL redirection attacks.
16002550
16012551 URL redirection is sometimes used as a part of phishing attacks that confuse visitors about which web site they are visiting.
16022552
16032553 The impact of this vulnerability
1604 A remote attacker can redirect users from your website to a specified URL. This problem may assist an attacker to conduct phishing attacks, trojan distribution, spammers.",,Your script should properly sanitize user input.,,
1605 ,Microsoft IIS tilde directory enumeration,"It is possible to detect short names of files and directories which have an 8.3 file naming scheme equivalent in Windows by using some vectors in several versions of Microsoft IIS. For instance, it is possible to detect all short-names of "".aspx"" files as they have 4 letters in their extensions. This can be a major issue especially for the .Net websites which are vulnerable to direct URL access as an attacker can find important files and folders that they are not normally visible.",,There is a way to disable Windows 8.3 short name creation.You can create a registry key named NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreation in HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlFileSystem and set it to 1. That should disable short names creation. Refer to this Microsoft TechNet article to read more about the solution.,,
1606 ,SQL Injection,"SQL injection is a vulnerability that allows an attacker to alter back-end SQL statements by manipulating the user input. An SQL injection occurs when web applications accept user input that is directly placed into a SQL statement and doesn't properly filter out dangerous characters.
2554 A remote attacker can redirect users from your website to a specified URL. This problem may assist an attacker to conduct phishing attacks, trojan distribution, spammers.
2555 ",Your script should properly sanitize user input.,,
2556 ,EN-Microsoft IIS tilde directory enumeration,"It is possible to detect short names of files and directories which have an 8.3 file naming scheme equivalent in Windows by using some vectors in several versions of Microsoft IIS. For instance, it is possible to detect all short-names of "".aspx"" files as they have 4 letters in their extensions. This can be a major issue especially for the .Net websites which are vulnerable to direct URL access as an attacker can find important files and folders that they are not normally visible.
2557 ",There is a way to disable Windows 8.3 short name creation.You can create a registry key named NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreation in HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlFileSystem and set it to 1. That should disable short names creation. Refer to this Microsoft TechNet article to read more about the solution.,,
2558 ,EN-SQL Injection,"SQL injection is a vulnerability that allows an attacker to alter back-end SQL statements by manipulating the user input. An SQL injection occurs when web applications accept user input that is directly placed into a SQL statement and doesn't properly filter out dangerous characters.
16072559
16082560 This is one of the most common application layer attacks currently being used on the Internet. Despite the fact that it is relatively easy to protect against, there is a large number of web applications vulnerable.
16092561
16112563
16122564 Depending on the back-end database in use, SQL injection vulnerabilities lead to varying levels of data/system access for the attacker. It may be possible to not only manipulate existing queries, but to UNION in arbitrary data, use sub selects, or append additional queries. In some cases, it may be possible to read in or write out to files, or to execute shell commands on the underlying operating system.
16132565
1614 Certain SQL Servers such as Microsoft SQL Server contain stored and extended procedures (database server functions). If an attacker can obtain access to these procedures it may be possible to compromise the entire machine.",,"Your script should filter metacharacters from user input.
2566 Certain SQL Servers such as Microsoft SQL Server contain stored and extended procedures (database server functions). If an attacker can obtain access to these procedures it may be possible to compromise the entire machine.
2567 ","Your script should filter metacharacters from user input.
16152568 Check detailed information for more information about fixing this vulnerability.
16162569 Detailed information",,
1617 ,ASP.NET debugging enabled,"ASP.NET debugging is enabled on this application. It is recommended to disable debug mode before deploying a production application. By default, debugging is disabled, and although debugging is frequently enabled to troubleshoot a problem, it is also frequently not disabled again after the problem is resolved.",,"It may be possible to disclose sensitive information about the web sever the ASP.NET application.
2570 ,EN-ASP.NET debugging enabled,"ASP.NET debugging is enabled on this application. It is recommended to disable debug mode before deploying a production application. By default, debugging is disabled, and although debugging is frequently enabled to troubleshoot a problem, it is also frequently not disabled again after the problem is resolved.
2571 ","It may be possible to disclose sensitive information about the web sever the ASP.NET application.
16182572 More information on how to fix it:
16192573 http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;815157",,
1620 ,Unicode tranformation Issues,"This page is vulnerable to various Unicode transformation issues such as Best-Fit Mappings, Overlong byte sequences, Ill-formed sequences.
2574 ,EN-Unicode tranformation Issues,"This page is vulnerable to various Unicode transformation issues such as Best-Fit Mappings, Overlong byte sequences, Ill-formed sequences.
16212575 Best-Fit Mappings occurs when a character X gets transformed to an entirely different character Y. In general, best-fit mappings occur when characters are transcoded between Unicode and another encoding.
16222576
16232577 Overlong byte sequences (non-shortest form) - UTF-8 allows for different representations of characters that also have a shorter form. For security reasons, a UTF-8 decoder must not accept UTF-8 sequences that are longer than necessary to encode a character. For example, the character U+000A (line feed) must be accepted from a UTF-8 stream only in the form 0x0A, but not in any of the following five possible overlong forms:
16302584 Ill-Formed Subsequences As REQUIRED by UNICODE 3.0, and noted in the Unicode Technical Report #36, if a leading byte is followed by an invalid successor byte, then it should NOT consume it.
16312585
16322586
1633 Software vulnerabilities arise when Best-Fit mappings occur. For example, characters can be manipulated to bypass string handling filters, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) or SQL Injection filters, WAF's, and IDS devices. Overlong UTF-8 sequence could be abused to bypass UTF-8 substring tests that look only for the shortest possible encoding.",,"Identiy the source of these Unicode transformation issues and fix them. Consult the web references bellow for more information.
2587 Software vulnerabilities arise when Best-Fit mappings occur. For example, characters can be manipulated to bypass string handling filters, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) or SQL Injection filters, WAF's, and IDS devices. Overlong UTF-8 sequence could be abused to bypass UTF-8 substring tests that look only for the shortest possible encoding.
2588 ","Identiy the source of these Unicode transformation issues and fix them. Consult the web references bellow for more information.
16342589 Links with more information:
16352590 http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-09/WEBER/BHUSA09-Weber-UnicodeSecurityPreview-PAPER.pdf
16362591 http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html
16372592 http://sirdarckcat.blogspot.ro/2009/10/couple-of-unicode-issues-on-php-and.html
16382593 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/",,
1639 ,File Upload XSS,"This script is possibly vulnerable to XSS (Cross-site scripting). The web application allows file upload and Acunetix WVS was able to upload a file containing HTML content. When HTML files are allowed, XSS payload can be injected in the file uploaded. Check Attack details for more information about this attack.
1640
1641 Malicious users may inject JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML or Flash into a vulnerable application to fool a user in order to gather data from them. An attacker can steal the session cookie and take over the account, impersonating the user. It is also possible to modify the content of the page presented to the user.",,"Restrict file types accepted for upload: check the file extension and only allow certain files to be uploaded. Use a whitelist approach instead of a blacklist. Check for double extensions such as .php.png. Check for files without a filename like .htaccess (on ASP.NET, check for configuration files like web.config). Change the permissions on the upload folder so the files within it are not executable. If possible, rename the files that are uploaded.
2594 ,EN-File Upload XSS,"This script is possibly vulnerable to XSS (Cross-site scripting). The web application allows file upload and Acunetix WVS was able to upload a file containing HTML content. When HTML files are allowed, XSS payload can be injected in the file uploaded. Check Attack details for more information about this attack.
2595
2596 Malicious users may inject JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML or Flash into a vulnerable application to fool a user in order to gather data from them. An attacker can steal the session cookie and take over the account, impersonating the user. It is also possible to modify the content of the page presented to the user.
2597 ","Restrict file types accepted for upload: check the file extension and only allow certain files to be uploaded. Use a whitelist approach instead of a blacklist. Check for double extensions such as .php.png. Check for files without a filename like .htaccess (on ASP.NET, check for configuration files like web.config). Change the permissions on the upload folder so the files within it are not executable. If possible, rename the files that are uploaded.
16422598
16432599 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Unrestricted_File_Upload
16442600 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Stored_Cross_site_scripting_(OWASP-DV-002)",,
1645 ,Possible virtual host found,"Virtual hosting is a method for hosting multiple domain names (with separate handling of each name) on a single server (or pool of servers). This allows one server to share its resources, such as memory and processor cycles, without requiring all services provided to use the same host name.
1646
1647 This web server is responding differently when the Host header is manipulated and various common virtual hosts are tested. This could indicate there is a Virtual Host present.",,Consult the virtual host configuration and check if this virtual host should be publicly accessible,,
1648 ,Host header attack,"An attacker can manipulate the Host header as seen by the web application and cause the application to behave in unexpected ways.
2601 ,EN-Possible virtual host found,"Virtual hosting is a method for hosting multiple domain names (with separate handling of each name) on a single server (or pool of servers). This allows one server to share its resources, such as memory and processor cycles, without requiring all services provided to use the same host name.
2602
2603 This web server is responding differently when the Host header is manipulated and various common virtual hosts are tested. This could indicate there is a Virtual Host present.
2604 ",Consult the virtual host configuration and check if this virtual host should be publicly accessible,,
2605 ,EN-Host header attack,"An attacker can manipulate the Host header as seen by the web application and cause the application to behave in unexpected ways.
16492606 Developers often resort to the exceedingly untrustworthy HTTP Host header (_SERVER[""HTTP_HOST""] in PHP).
16502607 Even otherwise-secure applications trust this value enough to write it to the page without HTML-encoding it with code equivalent to:
16512608
16572614
16582615 <script src=""http://_SERVER['HOST']/misc/jquery.js?v=1.4.4""> (Various)
16592616
1660 Host header *********evilhostDx5oMrAd.com was reflected inside a A tag (href attribute).",,"The web application should use the SERVER_NAME instead of the Host header. It should also create a dummy vhost that catches all requests with unrecognized Host headers. This can also be done under Nginx by specifying a non-wildcard SERVER_NAME, and under Apache by using a non-wildcard serverName and turning the UseCanonicalName directive on. Consult references for detailed information.",,
1661 ,jQuery cross site scripting,"This page is using an older version of jQuery that is vulnerable to a Cross Site Scripting vulnerability. Many sites are using to select elements using location.hash that allows someone to inject script into the page. This problem was fixed in jQuery 1.6.3 and up.
1662 Malicious users may inject JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML or Flash into a vulnerable application to fool a user in order to gather data from them. An attacker can steal the session cookie and take over the account, impersonating the user. It is also possible to modify the content of the page presented to the user.",,"Update to the latest version of jQuery.
2617 Host header *********evilhostDx5oMrAd.com was reflected inside a A tag (href attribute).
2618 ","The web application should use the SERVER_NAME instead of the Host header. It should also create a dummy vhost that catches all requests with unrecognized Host headers. This can also be done under Nginx by specifying a non-wildcard SERVER_NAME, and under Apache by using a non-wildcard serverName and turning the UseCanonicalName directive on. Consult references for detailed information.",,
2619 ,EN-jQuery cross site scripting,"This page is using an older version of jQuery that is vulnerable to a Cross Site Scripting vulnerability. Many sites are using to select elements using location.hash that allows someone to inject script into the page. This problem was fixed in jQuery 1.6.3 and up.
2620 Malicious users may inject JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML or Flash into a vulnerable application to fool a user in order to gather data from them. An attacker can steal the session cookie and take over the account, impersonating the user. It is also possible to modify the content of the page presented to the user.
2621 ","Update to the latest version of jQuery.
16632622 More info: http://ma.la/jquery_xss/
16642623 http://blog.jquery.com/2011/09/01/jquery-1-6-3-released/",,
1665 ,Login Page password-guessing attack,"A common threat web developers face is a password-guessing attack known as a brute force attack. A brute-force attack is an attempt to discover a password by systematically trying every possible combination of letters, numbers, and symbols until you discover the one correct combination that works.
2624 ,EN-Login Page password-guessing attack,"A common threat web developers face is a password-guessing attack known as a brute force attack. A brute-force attack is an attempt to discover a password by systematically trying every possible combination of letters, numbers, and symbols until you discover the one correct combination that works.
16662625
16672626 This login page doesn't have any protection against password-guessing attacks (brute force attacks). It's recommended to implement some type of account lockout after a defined number of incorrect password attempts. Consult Web references for more information about fixing this problem.
16682627
1669 The scanner tested 10 invalid credentials and no account lockout was detected.",,"It's recommended to implement some type of account lockout after a defined number of incorrect password attempts.
2628 The scanner tested 10 invalid credentials and no account lockout was detected.
2629 ","It's recommended to implement some type of account lockout after a defined number of incorrect password attempts.
16702630 More info:
16712631 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Blocking_Brute_Force_Attacks",,
1672 ,Error page web server version disclosure,"By requesting a page that doesn't exist, an error page was returned. This error page contains the web server version number and a list of modules enabled on this server. This information can be used to conduct further attacks. Possible sensitive information disclosure.",,"If you are using Apache, you can setup a custom 404 page by following the instructions provided in the References section.",,
1673 ,SSL weak ciphers,"The remote host supports the use of SSL ciphers that offer either weak encryption or no encryption at all.
1674 This vulnerability affects Server.",,Reconfigure the affected application to avoid use of weak ciphers.,,
1675 ,CRIME SSL/TLS attack,"Compression Ratio Info-leak Made Easy (CRIME) is a security exploit against secret web cookies over connections using the HTTPS and SPDY protocols that also use data compression. When used to recover the content of secret authentication cookies, it allows an attacker to perform session hijacking on an authenticated web session, allowing the launching of further attacks.
2632 ,EN-Error page web server version disclosure,"By requesting a page that doesn't exist, an error page was returned. This error page contains the web server version number and a list of modules enabled on this server. This information can be used to conduct further attacks. Possible sensitive information disclosure.
2633 ","If you are using Apache, you can setup a custom 404 page by following the instructions provided in the References section.",,
2634 ,EN-SSL weak ciphers,"The remote host supports the use of SSL ciphers that offer either weak encryption or no encryption at all.
2635 This vulnerability affects Server.
2636 ",Reconfigure the affected application to avoid use of weak ciphers.,,
2637 ,EN-CRIME SSL/TLS attack,"Compression Ratio Info-leak Made Easy (CRIME) is a security exploit against secret web cookies over connections using the HTTPS and SPDY protocols that also use data compression. When used to recover the content of secret authentication cookies, it allows an attacker to perform session hijacking on an authenticated web session, allowing the launching of further attacks.
16762638
16772639 CRIME is a client-side attack, but the server can protect the client by refusing to use the feature combinations which can be attacked. For CRIME, the weakness is Deflate compression. This alert is issued if the server accepts Deflate compression.
16782640
1679 An attacker can perform session hijacking on an authenticated web session, allowing the launching of further attacks.",,"CRIME can be defeated by preventing the use of compression, either at the client end, by the browser disabling the compression of HTTPS requests, or by the website preventing the use of data compression on such transactions using the protocol negotiation features of the TLS protocol. As detailed in The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2, the client sends a list of compression algorithms in its ClientHello message, and the server picks one of them and sends it back in its ServerHello message. The server can only choose a compression method the client has offered, so if the client only offers 'none' (no compression), the data will not be compressed. Similarly, since 'no compression' must be allowed by all TLS clients, a server can always refuse to use compression.
2641 An attacker can perform session hijacking on an authenticated web session, allowing the launching of further attacks.
2642 ","CRIME can be defeated by preventing the use of compression, either at the client end, by the browser disabling the compression of HTTPS requests, or by the website preventing the use of data compression on such transactions using the protocol negotiation features of the TLS protocol. As detailed in The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2, the client sends a list of compression algorithms in its ClientHello message, and the server picks one of them and sends it back in its ServerHello message. The server can only choose a compression method the client has offered, so if the client only offers 'none' (no compression), the data will not be compressed. Similarly, since 'no compression' must be allowed by all TLS clients, a server can always refuse to use compression.
16802643
16812644 Web references
16822645 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRIME_(security_exploit)
16832646 http://isecpartners.com/blog/2012/september/details-on-the-crime-attack.aspx",,
1684 ,Insecure transition from HTTPS to HTTP in form post,"This secure (https) page contains a form that is posting to an insecure (http) page. This could confuse users who may think their data is encrypted when in fact it's not.
1685 Impact: Possible information disclosure.",,The form target should point to a secure (https) page.,,
1686 ,TRACE method is enabled,"HTTP TRACE method is enabled on this web server. In the presence of other cross-domain vulnerabilities in web browsers, sensitive header information could be read from any domains that support the HTTP TRACE method.
1687
1688 Attackers may abuse HTTP TRACE functionality to gain access to information in HTTP headers such as cookies and authentication data.",,"Disable TRACE Method on the web server.
2647 ,EN-Insecure transition from HTTPS to HTTP in form post,"This secure (https) page contains a form that is posting to an insecure (http) page. This could confuse users who may think their data is encrypted when in fact it's not.
2648 Impact: Possible information disclosure.
2649 ",The form target should point to a secure (https) page.,,
2650 ,EN-TRACE method is enabled,"HTTP TRACE method is enabled on this web server. In the presence of other cross-domain vulnerabilities in web browsers, sensitive header information could be read from any domains that support the HTTP TRACE method.
2651
2652 Attackers may abuse HTTP TRACE functionality to gain access to information in HTTP headers such as cookies and authentication data.
2653 ","Disable TRACE Method on the web server.
16892654
16902655 Web references
16912656 http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html
16922657 http://www.cgisecurity.com/lib/WH-WhitePaper_XST_ebook.pdf",,
1693 ,SSL certificate public key less than 2048 bit,"The product does not sufficiently filter code (control-plane) syntax from user-controlled input (data plane) when that input is used within code that the product generates.When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution",,"If you have any 1024-bit certificates or certificates with less than 2048-bit key length, you will need to migrate to 2048-bit key length.
2658 ,EN-SSL certificate public key less than 2048 bit,"The product does not sufficiently filter code (control-plane) syntax from user-controlled input (data plane) when that input is used within code that the product generates.When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution
2659 ","If you have any 1024-bit certificates or certificates with less than 2048-bit key length, you will need to migrate to 2048-bit key length.
16942660
16952661 New Standard: https://www.cabforum.org/wp-content/uploads/Baseline_Requirements_V1.pdf",,
1696 ,Ruby on Rails CookieStore session cookie persistence,"Debido que las credenciales del usuario son considerados información confidencial, siempre debe ser transferido al servidor a través de una conexión segura (HTTPS).",,"Currently, there are no known upgrades or patches to correct this vulnerability. It is possible to temporarily mitigate the flaw by implementing the following workaround: switch to a more secure authentication management systems (e.g. ActiveRecordStore).",,
1697 ,Remote Code Execution - ms_08_067 netapi,"The product does not sufficiently filter code (control-plane) syntax from user-controlled input (data plane) when that input is used within code that the product generates.When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution",,,High,
1698 ,Windows Print Spooler Components Vulnerability - MS13-001,"The software performs operations on a memory buffer, but it can read from or write to a memory location that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer.Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.","Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
2662 ,EN-Ruby on Rails CookieStore session cookie persistence,"Debido que las credenciales del usuario son considerados información confidencial, siempre debe ser transferido al servidor a través de una conexión segura (HTTPS).
2663 ","Currently, there are no known upgrades or patches to correct this vulnerability. It is possible to temporarily mitigate the flaw by implementing the following workaround: switch to a more secure authentication management systems (e.g. ActiveRecordStore).",,
2664 ,EN-Remote Code Execution - ms_08_067 netapi,"The product does not sufficiently filter code (control-plane) syntax from user-controlled input (data plane) when that input is used within code that the product generates.When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution
2665 ",,High,
2666 ,EN-Windows Print Spooler Components Vulnerability - MS13-001,"The software performs operations on a memory buffer, but it can read from or write to a memory location that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer.Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
2667 Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
16992668 As a result, an attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code, alter the intended control flow, read sensitive information, or cause the system to crash.",,High,
1700 ,Android Debugging Activated,The Application has enabled Debugging in it's manifiest. This feature allows an attacker to debug native code and sensitive information could be retrived using this vector,,Set to false debuging features in production releases,,
1701 ,Flash Crossdomain policy,The application publishes a Flash cross-domain policy which allows access from any domain.,,The policy must include the domains which are allowed by the Flash cross-domain policy,Medium,
1702 ,Session Token in URL,The Session token is included in the URL. This could leak the session token,,Session tokens should only be included using safe channels,Medium,
1703 ,Insecure crossdomain.xml file,"The browser security model normally prevents web content from one domain from accessing data from another domain. This is commonly known as the ""same origin policy"". URL policy files grant cross-domain permissions for reading data. They permit operations that are not permitted by default. The URL policy file is located, by default, in the root directory of the target server, with the name crossdomain.xml (for example, at www.example.com/crossdomain.xml).
2669 ,ES-Credenciales Repetidas,"Existen multiples credeciales repetidas para un mismo acceso.
2670 Tener credenciales repetidas de un mismo servidor o acceso, posibilita a un atacante tener mayor impacto, pues utilizando un mismo password puede ingresar a distintos servicios o áreas",Evitar utilizar mismas credenciales en distintos servicios,High,
2671 ,ES-Ftp Anonimo,"Es servicio de FTP posee el usuario : anonymous
2672 Los servidores FTP anónimos ofrecen sus servicios libremente a todos los usuarios, permiten acceder a sus archivos sin necesidad de tener un 'USER ID' o una cuenta de usuario. Es la manera más cómoda fuera del servicio web de permitir que todo el mundo tenga acceso a cierta información sin que para ello el administrador de un sistema tenga que crear una cuenta para cada usuario.
2673
2674 Si un servidor posee servicio 'FTP anonymous' solamente con teclear la palabra «anonymous», cuando pregunte por tu usuario tendrás acceso a ese sistema. No se necesita ninguna contraseña preestablecida, aunque tendrás que introducir una sólo para ese momento, normalmente se suele utilizar la dirección de correo electrónico propia.",Evitar usuario anonimo,Medium,
2675 ,ES-Credenciales débiles Tomcat,"Se detectaron credenciales por defecto en servidores Tomcat, ejecutándose con privilegios elevados.
2676 Un atacante que intente loguearse con una lista de usuarios por defecto podría comprometer el servicio.
2677 En este caso en particular el usuario “admin” es muy común en servidores Tomcat, y cuenta con privilegios para ejecutar código, por lo que debe ser protegido con una contraseña fuerte.
2678 ",Aplicar una política de seguridad al servidor que obligue el uso de contraseñas de acuerdo con las políticas de seguridad interna.,High,
2679 ,ES-Wpad Spoofing,"En los ambientes Windows ante una falla a resolver un nombre de host,
2680 realizan una segunda búsqueda utilizando NetBios. La naturaleza de este
2681 pedido realizado utilizando broadcast es inseguro si no se tienen
2682 recaudos.
2683
2684 Un atacante podría utilizar esta vulnerabilidad para
2685 registrar el dominio WPAD en netbios con el fin de redirigir y modificar
2686 el tráfico de las workstations con las que comparte el segmento de red.
2687 Este ataque podría derivar en la captura de credenciales o hashes que
2688 le brinden acceso a sistemas críticos.
2689 ","Deshabilitar la configuración automática de proxy en los equipos
2690 windows, y registrar el nombre de domino wpad, para que ningún equipo de
2691 la red pueda impersonarlo.",High,
2692 ,ES-Servicio de Telnet,"Las credenciales de usuario se transmiten sobre un canal sin cifrar (servicio telnet).
2693 Un atacante capaz de interceptar el tráfico entre los hosts y el usuario remoto, será capaz de obtener las credenciales utilizadas.
2694 ","Reemplazar los servicios que permiten el envío de credenciales en texto plano, por aquellos que lo hacen de forma cifrada. En este caso, existen diferentes alternativas para reemplazar los servicios de administración remota, como por ejemplo ssh o rdp.",Medium,
2695 ,ES-Tokens cacheados,"Fue posible impersonar diferentes usuarios de dominio, incluido un administrador de dominio, a través de los tokens de acceso cacheados en el servidor.
2696 ","No existe un parche para resolver este tipo de situaciones, ya que los tokens de acceso son propios de la arquitectura de Windows. Sin embargo es posible implementar algunas medidas a nivel operativo para mitigar en gran parte el impacto del cacheo de tokens. Recomendamos:
2697 > Asegurarse que usuarios con altos privilegios (especialmente administradores) tengan una cuenta específica para tareas de administración y otra para loguearse en sus sistemas.
2698 > Ejecutar aquellas tareas que requieran mayores privilegios utilizando la aplicación “RunAs”.
2699 > Asegurarse que los Domain Admins sólo sean utilizados para administrar el dominio. Crear diferentes cuentas de dominio y asignarle autorización administrativa solo para la unidad de negocio correspondiente.
2700 > Asegurarse que las cuentas administrativas de ambientes de desarrollo y test sean diferentes a las de los sistemas críticos de producción.
2701 > Ejecutar los servicios necesarios para el correcto funcionamiento de la unidad de negocio en un equipo diferente al Controlador de Dominio.
2702 > Utilizar la opción de Active Directory “Account is sensitive and cannot be delegated” (sólo aplica a los logueos interactivos, pero ayuda a reforzar la seguridad de la cuenta).
2703
2704 Referencias:
2705 http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2008/05/token-passing-with-incognito-part-2.html
2706 http://pentestmonkey.net/uncategorized/from-local-admin-to-domain-admin
2707 http://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/Fun_With_Incognito",High,
2708 ,ES-Denegacion de Servicios(DOS),"un ataque de denegación de servicios, también llamado ataque DoS (de las siglas en inglés Denial of Service) o DDoS (de Distributed Denial of Service), es un ataque a un sistema de computadoras o red que causa que un servicio o recurso sea inaccesible a los usuarios legítimos. Normalmente provoca la pérdida de la conectividad de la red por el consumo del ancho de banda de la red de la víctima o sobrecarga de los recursos computacionales del sistema de la víctima
2709 ",La forma de prevenirlo: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Denial_of_Service,High,
2710 ,ES-Revelacion de Informacion (Information Disclosure),"Se puede obtener una información sensible del usuario. Esto podría ayudar a un atacante a tener control de una base de datos ó permitirle escalar hacia otro vector de ataque.
2711 ","Determinar si esta información debería ser accesible desde la red, sin estar protegida por credenciales.",Medium,
2712 ,ES-Sitio sin Informar,"
2713 ",/reclamaciones/home/index. ,,
2714 ,ES-Listado de Directorios,"Muestra directorios que no deberian ser publicos
2715 ",Evitar que dichos directorios sean publicos,Medium,
2716 ,ES-Shell,"Una shell es parte de codigo programado en (PHP,Python,Ruby,etc) que una vez que es subido al host victima, puede ser utilizado para subir, bajar, borrar archivos.
2717 ","Evitar entradas que posibiliten subir imagenes o codigo al servidor, sin ser adecuadamente controlado",,
2718 ,ES-Path Disclosure,"Permite ver la ruta a archivos u aplicaciones que no deberian ser mostradas
2719 ","Puede solucionarse desactivando los mensajes de error :
2720 En PHP modificando el archivo php.ini ( display_errors = 'off' )
2721 En Apache modificando el archivo httpd.conf ( php_flag display_errors off)",,
2722 ,ES-File Upload,"Es posible subir código o imagenes sin ser fitradas adecuadamente.
2723 ",Evitar campos para subir archivos que no sean correctamente filtrados,,
2724 ,ES-Metodo Put habilitado (Put File Allow),"Sube, carga o realiza un upload de un recurso especificado (archivo), es el camino más eficiente para subir archivos a un servidor.
2725 ","Evitar que el metodo PUT se encuentre con libre acceso a cualquier tipo de usuario, restringir acceso.",,
2726 ,ES-Leer Archivos (Read files),"
2727 ",,,
2728 ,ES-Usuarios por defecto(default users),"Se debe evitar utilizar usuarios y contraseñas por defecto, pues el sistema puede quedar suseptible a un ataque de fuerza bruta o de diccionario.
2729 ",Cambiar usuarios y contraseñas de acuerdo a las politicas de la empresa,,
2730 ,ES-Sslstrip Attack,"Dado que la página no esta utilizando https para proteger sus credenciales, el panel de ingreso esta implementedo mediante http, y no https, es posible modificar los recursos obtenidos, si el atacante logra intereceptar la comunicación entre ambos sitios.
2731 ","Cargar todos los recursos a través de https, para los recursos externos recomendamos incluir los mismo de la siguiente manera src=""//dominio.com/recurso.js"" de esta manera el navegador automaticamete incluye el protocolo http o https segun la conexion inicial que genera.",High,
2732 ,ES-Enumerar Usuarios,"
2733 ",,Medium,
2734 ,ES-Login User HTTP,"Las credenciales de usuario y contraseña, viajan en texto plano con lo cual un atacante podría obtener dichas credenciales para un posterior acceso
2735 ",Utilizar HTTPS para autenticar usuarios,Medium,
2736 ,ES-Falta de Control de Acceso,"Se puede acceder a parte del sitio sin una sesion valida
2737 ",Validar correctamente la sesiones del sitio verifiquen que el usuario poseen una sesion valida,Medium,
2738 ,ES-Cookie Reutilization,"La cookie puede ser modificada y reutilizada para hacer nuevas consultas o impersonar usuarios
2739 ",Evitar ,Medium,
2740 ,ES-Credenciales Debiles md5,"Se detecto que dentro del request se envía el nombre de usuario y la contraseña hasheada. Si bien la contraseña utiliza una funcion de md5, lo hace sin salt para protegerla.
2741 Con lo cual un atacante que la intercepte, puede decifrar el md5 para luego obtener la contraseña en texto plano junto con el usuario para acceder al sistema.
2742 ","Aplicar una política de seguridad al servidor que obligue el uso de contraseñas de acuerdo con las políticas de seguridad interna.
2743 Se recomienda un cifrado mas robusto con la funcion salt",High,
2744 ,ES-CSRF,"Un ataque CSRF fuerza al navegador web validado de una víctima a enviar una petición a una aplicación web vulnerable, la cual entonces realiza la acción elegida a través de la víctima. Al contrario que en los ataques XSS, los cuales explotan la confianza que un usuario tiene en un sitio en particular, el cross site request forgery explota la confianza que un sitio tiene en un usuario en particular.
2745 ","Recomendamos la imprementacion de un feature anti-csrf con el fin de autenticar todoslos request,en particual aquellas peticiones sensibles como por ejemplo el cambiode contraseñas y asignacion de roles (dar permisos de administrador a un usuario). El framework de ASP.net cuenta con este feature llamado viewstate (https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-Site_Request_Forgery_(CSRF)_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet#Viewstate_.28ASP.NET.29)",Medium,
2746 ,ES-SSL weak ciphers (Cifrado debil),"El servidor remoto soporta el uso de SSL pero ofrece una encriptacion debil
2747 ",Reconfigurar el servidor web con un nivel de encriptacion mayor,Medium,
2748 ,EN-Android Debugging Activated,"The Application has enabled Debugging in it's manifiest. This feature allows an attacker to debug native code and sensitive information could be retrived using this vector
2749 ",Set to false debuging features in production releases,,
2750 ,EN-Flash Crossdomain policy,"The application publishes a Flash cross-domain policy which allows access from any domain.
2751 ",The policy must include the domains which are allowed by the Flash cross-domain policy,Medium,
2752 ,EN-Session Token in URL,"The Session token is included in the URL. This could leak the session token
2753 ",Session tokens should only be included using safe channels,Medium,
2754 ,ES-Token de Session en URL,"Información sensible dentro de las URLs puede ser guardado en distintas lugares, por ejemplo en la información del navegador del usuario, en el webserver, o en cualquier proxy o reverse proxy. Las URLs se pueden ver en las pantallas, puede ser guardadas como favoritos o pueden ser enviada entre los usuarios. Esta información puede ser obtenida también como referer, en el histórico de la ultima pagina desde donde se ingresa a otra pagina. Guardar la sesiones en las URLs incrementa que esa información sea captura por un atacante para luego impersonarse como un usuario valido.
2755 ",La aplicación debería utilizar otros mecanismos para el envió de las sessiones como cookies o campos ocultos enviados a traves de métodos de POST ,Medium,
2756 ,ES-Autenticacion sin HTTPS,"La aplicación web no utiliza HTTPS para la autenticación de usuarios al sistema. Las credenciales de usuario y contraseña, viajan en texto plano con lo cual un atacante podría obtener dichas credenciales para un posterior acceso
2757 ",Siempre utilizar HTTPS para autenticar usuarios,High,
2758 ,Es-Version Obsoleta / Desactualizada,"El servidor se encuentra utilizando una versión de Apache Tomcat MUY desactualizada (Apache Tomcat/4.1.31), la cual es vulnerable a multiples vulnerabilidades publicas. Actualmente la ultima versión estable es la 8.0.9
2759 ","Recomendación actualizar y desactivar los mensajes de error del servidor, que puedan brindar información extra a un atacante",Medium,
2760 ,ES-Numero de Tarjeta en Texto Plano,"La respuesta del servidor, contiene el numero de tarjeta de crédito y otra información sensible que debería evitarse enviar en texto plano.
2761 ",Utilizar HTTPS en todo el sitio en donde la información sensible pueda ser expuesta.,High,
2762 ,ES-Server Version Discloure,"El servidor web responde con la version del sistema facilitando a un atacante saber contra que se enfrenta
2763 ","Filtrar en las respuestas del servidor, cualquier dato que demuestre la version del servidor y del sistema operativo del mismo",Low,
2764 ,EN-Insecure crossdomain.xml file,"The browser security model normally prevents web content from one domain from accessing data from another domain. This is commonly known as the ""same origin policy"". URL policy files grant cross-domain permissions for reading data. They permit operations that are not permitted by default. The URL policy file is located, by default, in the root directory of the target server, with the name crossdomain.xml (for example, at www.example.com/crossdomain.xml).
17042765
17052766 When a domain is specified in crossdomain.xml file, the site declares that it is willing to allow the operators of any servers in that domain to obtain any document on the server where the policy file resides. The crossdomain.xml file deployed on this website opens the server to all domains (use of a single asterisk ""*"" as a pure wildcard is supported) like so:
17062767 <cross-domain-policy>
17082769 </cross-domain-policy>
17092770 This practice is suitable for public servers, but should not be used for sites located behind a firewall because it could permit access to protected areas. It should not be used for sites that require authentication in the form of passwords or cookies. Sites that use the common practice of authentication based on cookies to access private or user-specific data should be especially careful when using cross-domain policy files.
17102771
1711 Using an insecure cross-domain policy file could expose your site to various attacks.",,"Carefully evaluate which sites will be allowed to make cross-domain calls. Consider network topology and any authentication mechanisms that will be affected by the configuration or implementation of the cross-domain policy.
2772 Using an insecure cross-domain policy file could expose your site to various attacks.
2773 ","Carefully evaluate which sites will be allowed to make cross-domain calls. Consider network topology and any authentication mechanisms that will be affected by the configuration or implementation of the cross-domain policy.
17122774 ",Medium,
1713 ,BREACH attack,"This web application is potentially vulnerable to the BREACH attack.
2775 ,ES-Archivo crossdomain.xml inseguro,"El modelo de seguridad del navegador normalmente previene el contenido web de ser accedido desde otro dominio. Esto comunmente es conocido como ""same origin policy"" (""politica del mismo origen""). Lo politica de archivos URL garantiza acceso cross-dominio para leer datos. Permiten operaciones que no son permitidas por defecto. La politica de acceso de archivo URL esta localizado, por defecto, en el directorio raiz del servidor destino, con el nombre crossdomain.xml (por ejemplo en www.ejemplo.com/crossdomain.xml).
2776
2777 Cuando un dominio es especificado en el archivo crossdomain.xml, el sitio declara que esta dispuesto a dar acceso a operadores de cualqueir server en ese dominio para obtener cualquier documento donde la regla reside. El archivo crossdomain.xml desplegado en este servidor web abre el servidor a todos los dominios (uso de un unico asterisco ""*"" de comodin es soportado) Como por ejemplo:
2778 <cross-domain-policy>
2779 <allow-access-from domain=""*"" />
2780 </cross-domain-policy>
2781
2782 Esta practica es correcta para servidores publicos, pero no deberia ser usada en servidores que se encuentran tras un firewall porque puede permitir acceso a areas protejidas. No deberia ser usada para sitios que requieren autenticacion en forma de contraseñas o cookies.
2783 ","Detenidamente evaluar que sitios deben tener permitido el acceso cross-dominio. Considerar la topologia de red y todos los mecanismos de autenticacion afectados por la configuracion o implementacion de la politica cross-domain.
2784 ",Medium,
2785 ,EN-BREACH attack,"This web application is potentially vulnerable to the BREACH attack.
17142786 An attacker with the ability to:
17152787 Inject partial chosen plaintext into a victim's requests
17162788 Measure the size of encrypted traffic
17272799 The page content is served via HTTPS
17282800 The server is using HTTP-level compression
17292801 URL encoded GET input next was reflected into the HTTP response body.
1730 HTTP response body contains a secret named csrfmiddlewaretoken",,"The mitigations are ordered by effectiveness (not by their practicality - as this may differ from one application to another).
2802 HTTP response body contains a secret named csrfmiddlewaretoken
2803 ","The mitigations are ordered by effectiveness (not by their practicality - as this may differ from one application to another).
17312804
17322805 Disabling HTTP compression
17332806 Separating secrets from user input
17382811 Rate-limiting the requests
17392812
17402813 More information http://breachattack.com/",,
1741 ,Internal IP Address Disclosure,A string matching an internal IPv4 address was found on this page. This may disclose information about the IP addressing scheme of the internal network. This information can be used to conduct further attacks.,,Prevent this information from being displayed to the user,Low,
1742 ,ASP.NET MAC disabled,"By default, the serialized value is signed by the server to prevent tampering by the user; however, this behavior can be disabled by setting the Page.EnableViewStateMac property to false. If this is done, then an attacker can modify the contents of the ViewState and cause arbitrary data to be deserialized and processed by the server. If the ViewState contains any items that are critical to the server's processing of the request, then this may result in a security exposure.",,Set the Page.EnableViewStateMac property to true on any pages where the ViewState is not currently signed.,Low,
2814 ,ES-Archivos de backup en servidor de producción,"La aplicación web tiene multiples archivos de buckup disponibles para ser descargados, los cuales brindan información de la tecnología que se utiliza en el sitio, así como código fuente de las aplicaciones, nombres de usuarios, rutas de acceso y multiple información sensible del mismo.
2815 ","Es recomendable aplicar buenas politicas deprotección de información sensible, evitando exponer buckups y otra información del sitio web",Very High,
2816 ,ES-Exposición de información a través del listado de directorios,"Estos directorios no deberian estar publicos, pues exponen información sensible del tipo de tecnología utilizada, código de programación, información sobre rutas de acceso a distintos lugares, particularmente en este caso podemos listar toda la información del servidor sin ningun tipo de restricción
2817 ",Siempre evitar que se puedan listar directorios de manera externa y sin permisos,High,
2818 ,ES-Archivos con información sensible,"Es posible acceder a archivos con información sensible, podemos ver el ""log error"" y dentro de este rutas de acceso, nombres de usuario, etc . Con lo cual un atacante con tiempo podría intentar obtener credeciales de un servicio ssh, ftp,o similar para luego crackearlo.
2819
2820 ",Evitar exponer toda información sensible del sistema,High,
2821 ,ES-Revelación de IP interno,"La aplicación expone ip/s interno, con lo cual si por algun vector de ataque un atacante logra acceder al servidor o servicio podría continuar la explotación por dicho vector
2822 ",Evitar exponer toda información sensible y privada del sistemadel sistema,Low,
2823 ,ES-Archivos e información de desarollo en ambientes productivos,"Podemos ver código de programacion, con ejemplos concretos del funcionamiento interno y
2824 de la lógica utilizada a la hora de programar, dejando en evidencia
2825 informacion como nombres de usuarios, email, dni, telefonos, etc
2826 ",Evitar exponer toda información sensible y privada del sistemadel sistema,High,
2827 ,ES-Sentencias SQL sin Prepared Statement,"Se detecto que se utilizan una mala implementacion de sentencias SQL concatenando las variables manualmente pudiendo un atacante realizar ataques de SQL Injection
2828 ","Utilizar para la sentencia de SQL Prepared Statement
2829 Reference:
2830 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Query_Parameterization_Cheat_Sheet#Prepared_Statement_Examples",High,
2831 ,ES-Mysql lectura y escritura de archivos,"Es posible utilizar mysql server para la lectura y escritura de archivos en el servidor
2832 ","Seguir los siguientes lineamientos para el hardening de Mysql Server
2833 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_MySQL#Read_from_a_File",High,
2834 ,ES-Servidor productivo y desarrollo,"Por lo que pudimos observar este servidor sirve tanto para produccion como desarrollo, contiene muchisima informacion y pruebas que deberian ser eliminadas.
2835 ","Eliminar el contenido de desarrollo, dejar solo lo necesario para el entorno productivo",High,
2836 ,ES-Servidor productivo y desarrollo,"Por lo que pudimos observar este servidor sirve tanto para produccion como desarrollo, contiene muchisima informacion y pruebas que deberian ser eliminadas.
2837 ","Eliminar el contenido de desarrollo, dejar solo lo necesario para el entorno productivo",High,
2838 ,EN-Internal IP Address Disclosure,"A string matching an internal IPv4 address was found on this page. This may disclose information about the IP addressing scheme of the internal network. This information can be used to conduct further attacks.
2839 ",Prevent this information from being displayed to the user,Low,
2840 ,ES-Internal IP Address Disclosure,"Una cadena coincidente con una direccion interna de IPv4 fue encontrada en esta pagina. Esto lleva a divulgar informacion sensible acerca del esquema de la red interna. Esta informacion puede ser usada para generar ataques especificos.
2841 ",Se recomienda prevenir que esta informacion sea mostrada al usuario,Low,
2842 ,EN-ASP.NET MAC disabled,"By default, the serialized value is signed by the server to prevent tampering by the user; however, this behavior can be disabled by setting the Page.EnableViewStateMac property to false. If this is done, then an attacker can modify the contents of the ViewState and cause arbitrary data to be deserialized and processed by the server. If the ViewState contains any items that are critical to the server's processing of the request, then this may result in a security exposure.
2843 ",Set the Page.EnableViewStateMac property to true on any pages where the ViewState is not currently signed.,Low,
2844 ,ES-Cisco ASA Error,"El Cisco ASA es vulnerable a un Information Leak (CVE-2014-3392), un atacante podria obtener credenciales em base a un error.
2845 ",Actualizar a la ultima version del firmware del CISCO ASA,High,
2846 ,ES-Listado de directorios,"Evitar listar directorios, muchas veces a partir de aqui se pueden realizar distintos vectores de ataques, por claves almacenadas en archivos ocultos o por tener acceso a archivos de configuracion.
2847 ","Evitar listar directorios, es recomendable que se desabiliten o se resguarden con algun tipo de autenticacion.",Low,
2848 ,EN-Cifrado Debil (SSL weak ciphers),"El host remoto es compatible con el uso de sistemas de cifrado SSL que ofrecen ya sea cifrado debil o sin cifrado en absoluto.
2849 Esta vulnerabilidad afecta Server.
2850 ",Vuelva a configurar la aplicacion afectada para evitar el uso de cifrados debiles.,Medium,
+1687
-844
data/cwe_all.csv less more
0 cwe,name,desc_summary,description,resolution,exploitation,references
1 CWE-119,EN-Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (Type: Class),"The software performs operations on a memory buffer, but it can read from or write to a memory location that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer.","Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
0 cwe,name,description,resolution,exploitation,references
1 CWE-119,EN-Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (Type: Class),"The software performs operations on a memory buffer, but it can read from or write to a memory location that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer.
2 Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
23 As a result, an attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code, alter the intended control flow, read sensitive information, or cause the system to crash.",,High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Public Enemy #1: The Buffer Overrun"" Page 127; Chapter 14, ""Prevent I18N Buffer Overruns"" Page 441
34 Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
45 Safe C String Library v1.0.3: http://www.zork.org/safestr/
89 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx
910 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Memory Corruption"", Page 167.
1011 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Protection Mechanisms"", Page 189."
11 CWE-123,EN-Write-what-where Condition (Type: Base),"Any condition where the attacker has the ability to write an arbitrary value to an arbitrary location, often as the result of a buffer overflow.","A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
12 CWE-129,EN-Improper Validation of Array Index (Type: Base),"The product uses untrusted input when calculating or using an array index, but the product does not validate or incorrectly validates the index to ensure the index references a valid position within the array.","This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Array Indexing Errors"" Page 144
12 CWE-123,EN-Write-what-where Condition (Type: Base),"Any condition where the attacker has the ability to write an arbitrary value to an arbitrary location, often as the result of a buffer overflow.
13 A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
14 CWE-129,EN-Improper Validation of Array Index (Type: Base),"The product uses untrusted input when calculating or using an array index, but the product does not validate or incorrectly validates the index to ensure the index references a valid position within the array.
15 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Array Indexing Errors"" Page 144
1316 Top 25 Series - Rank 14 - Improper Validation of Array Index: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/12/top-25-series-rank-14-improper-validation-of-array-index/
1417 Address Space Layout Randomization in Windows Vista: http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_howard/archive/2006/05/26/address-space-layout-randomization-in-windows-vista.aspx
1518 PaX: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PaX
1619 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx
1720 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
1821 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
19 CWE-194,EN-Unexpected Sign Extension (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation on a number that causes it to be sign extended when it is transformed into a larger data type. When the original number is negative, this can produce unexpected values that lead to resultant weaknesses.",This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.,,High,"C Language Issues for Application Security: http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=686170&seqNum=6
22 CWE-194,EN-Unexpected Sign Extension (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation on a number that causes it to be sign extended when it is transformed into a larger data type. When the original number is negative, this can produce unexpected values that lead to resultant weaknesses.
23 This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.",,High,"C Language Issues for Application Security: http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=686170&seqNum=6
2024 Integral Security: http://www.ddj.com/security/193501774"
21 CWE-20,EN-Improper Input Validation (Type: Class),The product does not validate or incorrectly validates input that can affect the control flow or data flow of a program.,"When software does not validate input properly, an attacker is able to craft the input in a form that is not expected by the rest of the application. This will lead to parts of the system receiving unintended input, which may result in altered control flow, arbitrary control of a resource, or arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Input Validation with ESAPI - Very Important: http://manicode.blogspot.com/2008/08/input-validation-with-esapi.html
25 CWE-20,EN-Improper Input Validation (Type: Class),"The product does not validate or incorrectly validates input that can affect the control flow or data flow of a program.
26 When software does not validate input properly, an attacker is able to craft the input in a form that is not expected by the rest of the application. This will lead to parts of the system receiving unintended input, which may result in altered control flow, arbitrary control of a resource, or arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Input Validation with ESAPI - Very Important: http://manicode.blogspot.com/2008/08/input-validation-with-esapi.html
2227 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
2328 Hacking Exposed Web Applications, Second Edition: Input Validation Attacks
2429 Input validation or output filtering, which is better?: http://jeremiahgrossman.blogspot.com/2007/01/input-validation-or-output-filtering.html
2530 The importance of input validation: http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/tip/0,289483,sid92_gci1214373,00.html
2631 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 10, ""All Input Is Evil!"" Page 341"
27 CWE-200,EN-Information Exposure (Type: Class),An information exposure is the intentional or unintentional disclosure of information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.,"The information either
32 CWE-200,EN-Information Exposure (Type: Class),"An information exposure is the intentional or unintentional disclosure of information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.
33 The information either
2834 is regarded as sensitive within the product's own functionality, such as a private message; or
2935 provides information about the product or its environment that could be useful in an attack but is normally not available to the attacker, such as the installation path of a product that is remotely accessible.
3036 Many information exposures are resultant (e.g. PHP script error revealing the full path of the program), but they can also be primary (e.g. timing discrepancies in cryptography). There are many different types of problems that involve information exposures. Their severity can range widely depending on the type of information that is revealed.",,High,Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/
31 CWE-209,EN-Information Exposure Through an Error Message (Type: Base),"The software generates an error message that includes sensitive information about its environment, users, or associated data.","The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,High,"Information Leakage: http://www.webappsec.org/projects/threat/classes/information_leakage.shtml
37 CWE-209,EN-Information Exposure Through an Error Message (Type: Base),"The software generates an error message that includes sensitive information about its environment, users, or associated data.
38 The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,High,"Information Leakage: http://www.webappsec.org/projects/threat/classes/information_leakage.shtml
3239 Secure Programming with Static Analysis: Section 9.2, page 326.
3340 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 16, ""General Good Practices."" Page 415
3441 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183
3542 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191
3643 Top 25 Series - Rank 16 - Information Exposure Through an Error Message: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/17/top-25-series-rank-16-information-exposure-through-an-error-message
3744 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Overly Verbose Error Messages"", Page 75."
38 CWE-234,EN-Failure to Handle Missing Parameter (Type: Variant),"If too few arguments are sent to a function, the function will still pop the expected number of arguments from the stack. Potentially, a variable number of arguments could be exhausted in a function as well.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,High,
39 CWE-242,EN-Use of Inherently Dangerous Function (Type: Base),The program calls a function that can never be guaranteed to work safely.,"Certain functions behave in dangerous ways regardless of how they are used. Functions in this category were often implemented without taking security concerns into account. The gets() function is unsafe because it does not perform bounds checking on the size of its input. An attacker can easily send arbitrarily-sized input to gets() and overflow the destination buffer. Similarly, the >> operator is unsafe to use when reading into a statically-allocated character array because it does not perform bounds checking on the size of its input. An attacker can easily send arbitrarily-sized input to the >> operator and overflow the destination buffer.",,High,"Herb Schildt's C++ Programming Cookbook: Chapter 5. Working with I/O
45 CWE-234,EN-Failure to Handle Missing Parameter (Type: Variant),"If too few arguments are sent to a function, the function will still pop the expected number of arguments from the stack. Potentially, a variable number of arguments could be exhausted in a function as well.
46 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,High,
47 CWE-242,EN-Use of Inherently Dangerous Function (Type: Base),"The program calls a function that can never be guaranteed to work safely.
48 Certain functions behave in dangerous ways regardless of how they are used. Functions in this category were often implemented without taking security concerns into account. The gets() function is unsafe because it does not perform bounds checking on the size of its input. An attacker can easily send arbitrarily-sized input to gets() and overflow the destination buffer. Similarly, the >> operator is unsafe to use when reading into a statically-allocated character array because it does not perform bounds checking on the size of its input. An attacker can easily send arbitrarily-sized input to the >> operator and overflow the destination buffer.",,High,"Herb Schildt's C++ Programming Cookbook: Chapter 5. Working with I/O
4049 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""gets and fgets"" Page 163"
41 CWE-243,EN-Creation of chroot Jail Without Changing Working Directory (Type: Variant),"The program uses the chroot() system call to create a jail, but does not change the working directory afterward. This does not prevent access to files outside of the jail.","Improper use of chroot() may allow attackers to escape from the chroot jail. The chroot() function call does not change the process's current working directory, so relative paths may still refer to file system resources outside of the chroot jail after chroot() has been called.",,High,
42 CWE-268,EN-Privilege Chaining (Type: Base),"Two distinct privileges, roles, capabilities, or rights can be combined in a way that allows an entity to perform unsafe actions that would not be allowed without that combination.","Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,High,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
43 CWE-271,EN-Privilege Dropping / Lowering Errors (Type: Class),The software does not drop privileges before passing control of a resource to an actor that does not have those privileges.,"In some contexts, a system executing with elevated permissions will hand off a process/file/etc. to another process or user. If the privileges of an entity are not reduced, then elevated privileges are spread throughout a system and possibly to an attacker.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
50 CWE-243,EN-Creation of chroot Jail Without Changing Working Directory (Type: Variant),"The program uses the chroot() system call to create a jail, but does not change the working directory afterward. This does not prevent access to files outside of the jail.
51 Improper use of chroot() may allow attackers to escape from the chroot jail. The chroot() function call does not change the process's current working directory, so relative paths may still refer to file system resources outside of the chroot jail after chroot() has been called.",,High,
52 CWE-268,EN-Privilege Chaining (Type: Base),"Two distinct privileges, roles, capabilities, or rights can be combined in a way that allows an entity to perform unsafe actions that would not be allowed without that combination.
53 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,High,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
54 CWE-271,EN-Privilege Dropping / Lowering Errors (Type: Class),"The software does not drop privileges before passing control of a resource to an actor that does not have those privileges.
55 In some contexts, a system executing with elevated permissions will hand off a process/file/etc. to another process or user. If the privileges of an entity are not reduced, then elevated privileges are spread throughout a system and possibly to an attacker.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
4456 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Dropping Privileges Permanently"", Page 479."
45 CWE-285,EN-Improper Authorization (Type: Class),The software does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.,"Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
57 CWE-285,EN-Improper Authorization (Type: Class),"The software does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
58 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
4659 When access control checks are not applied consistently - or not at all - users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Role Based Access Control and Role Based Security: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/rbac/
4760 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 4, ""Authorization"" Page 114; Chapter 6, ""Determining Appropriate Access Control"" Page 171
4861 Top 25 Series - Rank 5 - Improper Access Control (Authorization): http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/04/top-25-series-rank-5-improper-access-control-authorization/
5063 Authentication using JAAS: http://www.javaranch.com/journal/2008/04/authentication-using-JAAS.html
5164 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authorization"", Page 39.
5265 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""ACL Inheritance"", Page 649."
53 CWE-291,EN-Reliance on IP Address for Authentication (Type: Variant),The software uses an IP address for authentication.,"IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,
54 CWE-292,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Trusting Self-reported DNS Name (Type: Variant),This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-350. All content has been transferred to CWE-350.,"IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,
55 CWE-293,EN-Using Referer Field for Authentication (Type: Variant),"The referer field in HTTP requests can be easily modified and, as such, is not a valid means of message integrity checking.","IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""Referer Request Header"", Page 1030."
56 CWE-294,EN-Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay (Type: Base),A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the software makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).,"Capture-replay attacks are common and can be difficult to defeat without cryptography. They are a subset of network injection attacks that rely on observing previously-sent valid commands, then changing them slightly if necessary and resending the same commands to the server.",,High,
57 CWE-297,EN-Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch (Type: Variant),"The software communicates with a host that provides a certificate, but the software does not properly ensure that the certificate is actually associated with that host.","Even if a certificate is well-formed, signed, and follows the chain of trust, it may simply be a valid certificate for a different site than the site that the software is interacting with. If the certificate's host-specific data is not properly checked - such as the Common Name (CN) in the Subject or the Subject Alternative Name (SAN) extension of an X.509 certificate - it may be possible for a redirection or spoofing attack to allow a malicious host with a valid certificate to provide data, impersonating a trusted host. In order to ensure data integrity, the certificate must be valid and it must pertain to the site that is being accessed.
66 CWE-291,EN-Reliance on IP Address for Authentication (Type: Variant),"The software uses an IP address for authentication.
67 IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,
68 CWE-292,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Trusting Self-reported DNS Name (Type: Variant),"This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-350. All content has been transferred to CWE-350.
69 IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,
70 CWE-293,EN-Using Referer Field for Authentication (Type: Variant),"The referer field in HTTP requests can be easily modified and, as such, is not a valid means of message integrity checking.
71 IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""Referer Request Header"", Page 1030."
72 CWE-294,EN-Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay (Type: Base),"A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the software makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
73 Capture-replay attacks are common and can be difficult to defeat without cryptography. They are a subset of network injection attacks that rely on observing previously-sent valid commands, then changing them slightly if necessary and resending the same commands to the server.",,High,
74 CWE-297,EN-Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch (Type: Variant),"The software communicates with a host that provides a certificate, but the software does not properly ensure that the certificate is actually associated with that host.
75 Even if a certificate is well-formed, signed, and follows the chain of trust, it may simply be a valid certificate for a different site than the site that the software is interacting with. If the certificate's host-specific data is not properly checked - such as the Common Name (CN) in the Subject or the Subject Alternative Name (SAN) extension of an X.509 certificate - it may be possible for a redirection or spoofing attack to allow a malicious host with a valid certificate to provide data, impersonating a trusted host. In order to ensure data integrity, the certificate must be valid and it must pertain to the site that is being accessed.
5876 Even if the software attempts to check the hostname, it is still possible to incorrectly check the hostname. For example, attackers could create a certificate with a name that begins with a trusted name followed by a NUL byte, which could cause some string-based comparisons to only examine the portion that contains the trusted name.",,High,"The Most Dangerous Code in the World: Validating SSL Certificates in Non-Browser Software: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~shmat/shmat_ccs12.pdf
5977 Why Eve and Mallory Love Android: An Analysis of Android SSL (In)Security: http://www2.dcsec.uni-hannover.de/files/android/p50-fahl.pdf
6078 Secure programming with the OpenSSL API, Part 2: Secure handshake: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-openssl2/index.html
6179 An Introduction to OpenSSL Programming (Part I): http://www.rtfm.com/openssl-examples/part1.pdf
6280 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
63 CWE-308,EN-Use of Single-factor Authentication (Type: Base),The use of single-factor authentication can lead to unnecessary risk of compromise when compared with the benefits of a dual-factor authentication scheme.,"While the use of multiple authentication schemes is simply piling on more complexity on top of authentication, it is inestimably valuable to have such measures of redundancy. The use of weak, reused, and common passwords is rampant on the internet. Without the added protection of multiple authentication schemes, a single mistake can result in the compromise of an account. For this reason, if multiple schemes are possible and also easy to use, they should be implemented and required.",,High,
64 CWE-321,EN-Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key (Type: Base),The use of a hard-coded cryptographic key significantly increases the possibility that encrypted data may be recovered.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
81 CWE-308,EN-Use of Single-factor Authentication (Type: Base),"The use of single-factor authentication can lead to unnecessary risk of compromise when compared with the benefits of a dual-factor authentication scheme.
82 While the use of multiple authentication schemes is simply piling on more complexity on top of authentication, it is inestimably valuable to have such measures of redundancy. The use of weak, reused, and common passwords is rampant on the internet. Without the added protection of multiple authentication schemes, a single mistake can result in the compromise of an account. For this reason, if multiple schemes are possible and also easy to use, they should be implemented and required.",,High,
83 CWE-321,EN-Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key (Type: Base),"The use of a hard-coded cryptographic key significantly increases the possibility that encrypted data may be recovered.
84 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
6585 The '...' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. On some Windows systems, it is equivalent to ""..\.."" and might bypass checks that assume only two dots are valid. Incomplete filtering, such as removal of ""./"" sequences, can ultimately produce valid "".."" sequences due to a collapse into unsafe value (CWE-182).",,High,
66 CWE-322,EN-Key Exchange without Entity Authentication (Type: Base),The software performs a key exchange with an actor without verifying the identity of that actor.,"Performing a key exchange will preserve the integrity of the information sent between two entities, but this will not guarantee that the entities are who they claim they are. This may enable a set of ""man-in-the-middle"" attacks. Typically, this involves a victim client that contacts a malicious server that is impersonating a trusted server. If the client skips authentication or ignores an authentication failure, the malicious server may request authentication information from the user. The malicious server can then use this authentication information to log in to the trusted server using the victim's credentials, sniff traffic between the victim and trusted server, etc.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347
86 CWE-322,EN-Key Exchange without Entity Authentication (Type: Base),"The software performs a key exchange with an actor without verifying the identity of that actor.
87 Performing a key exchange will preserve the integrity of the information sent between two entities, but this will not guarantee that the entities are who they claim they are. This may enable a set of ""man-in-the-middle"" attacks. Typically, this involves a victim client that contacts a malicious server that is impersonating a trusted server. If the client skips authentication or ignores an authentication failure, the malicious server may request authentication information from the user. The malicious server can then use this authentication information to log in to the trusted server using the victim's credentials, sniff traffic between the victim and trusted server, etc.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347
6788 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
68 CWE-323,"EN-Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption (Type: Base)",Nonces should be used for the present occasion and only once.,"Performing a key exchange will preserve the integrity of the information sent between two entities, but this will not guarantee that the entities are who they claim they are. This may enable a set of ""man-in-the-middle"" attacks. Typically, this involves a victim client that contacts a malicious server that is impersonating a trusted server. If the client skips authentication or ignores an authentication failure, the malicious server may request authentication information from the user. The malicious server can then use this authentication information to log in to the trusted server using the victim's credentials, sniff traffic between the victim and trusted server, etc.",,High,
69 CWE-360,EN-Trust of System Event Data (Type: Base),Security based on event locations are insecure and can be spoofed.,"Events are a messaging system which may provide control data to programs listening for events. Events often do not have any type of authentication framework to allow them to be verified from a trusted source. Any application, in Windows, on a given desktop can send a message to any window on the same desktop. There is no authentication framework for these messages. Therefore, any message can be used to manipulate any process on the desktop if the process does not check the validity and safeness of those messages.",,High,
70 CWE-378,EN-Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions (Type: Base),"Opening temporary files without appropriate measures or controls can leave the file, its contents and any function that it impacts vulnerable to attack.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,High,
71 CWE-416,EN-Use After Free (Type: Base),"Referencing memory after it has been freed can cause a program to crash, use unexpected values, or execute code.","The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
89 CWE-323,"EN-Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption (Type: Base)","Nonces should be used for the present occasion and only once.
90 Performing a key exchange will preserve the integrity of the information sent between two entities, but this will not guarantee that the entities are who they claim they are. This may enable a set of ""man-in-the-middle"" attacks. Typically, this involves a victim client that contacts a malicious server that is impersonating a trusted server. If the client skips authentication or ignores an authentication failure, the malicious server may request authentication information from the user. The malicious server can then use this authentication information to log in to the trusted server using the victim's credentials, sniff traffic between the victim and trusted server, etc.",,High,
91 CWE-360,EN-Trust of System Event Data (Type: Base),"Security based on event locations are insecure and can be spoofed.
92 Events are a messaging system which may provide control data to programs listening for events. Events often do not have any type of authentication framework to allow them to be verified from a trusted source. Any application, in Windows, on a given desktop can send a message to any window on the same desktop. There is no authentication framework for these messages. Therefore, any message can be used to manipulate any process on the desktop if the process does not check the validity and safeness of those messages.",,High,
93 CWE-378,EN-Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions (Type: Base),"Opening temporary files without appropriate measures or controls can leave the file, its contents and any function that it impacts vulnerable to attack.
94 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,High,
95 CWE-416,EN-Use After Free (Type: Base),"Referencing memory after it has been freed can cause a program to crash, use unexpected values, or execute code.
96 The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
7297 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances.
7398 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for freeing the memory.
7499 In this scenario, the memory in question is allocated to another pointer validly at some point after it has been freed. The original pointer to the freed memory is used again and points to somewhere within the new allocation. As the data is changed, it corrupts the validly used memory; this induces undefined behavior in the process.
75100 If the newly allocated data chances to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap data. If one of these function pointers is overwritten with an address to valid shellcode, execution of arbitrary code can be achieved.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143"
76 CWE-457,EN-Use of Uninitialized Variable (Type: Variant),"The code uses a variable that has not been initialized, leading to unpredictable or unintended results.","In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,High,"Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
101 CWE-457,EN-Use of Uninitialized Variable (Type: Variant),"The code uses a variable that has not been initialized, leading to unpredictable or unintended results.
102 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,High,"Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
77103 MS08-014 : The Case of the Uninitialized Stack Variable Vulnerability: http://blogs.technet.com/swi/archive/2008/03/11/the-case-of-the-uninitialized-stack-variable-vulnerability.aspx
78104 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143
79105 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
80 CWE-467,EN-Use of sizeof() on a Pointer Type (Type: Variant),"The code calls sizeof() on a malloced pointer type, which always returns the wordsize/8. This can produce an unexpected result if the programmer intended to determine how much memory has been allocated.","Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,High,EXP01-A. Do not take the sizeof a pointer to determine the size of a type: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/EXP01-A.+Do+not+take+the+sizeof+a+pointer+to+determine+the+size+of+a+type
81 CWE-486,EN-Comparison of Classes by Name (Type: Variant),"The program compares classes by name, which can cause it to use the wrong class when multiple classes can have the same name.","If the decision to trust the methods and data of an object is based on the name of a class, it is possible for malicious users to send objects of the same name as trusted classes and thereby gain the trust afforded to known classes and types.",,High,
82 CWE-493,EN-Critical Public Variable Without Final Modifier (Type: Variant),"The product has a critical public variable that is not final, which allows the variable to be modified to contain unexpected values.","If a field is non-final and public, it can be changed once the value is set by any function that has access to the class which contains the field. This could lead to a vulnerability if other parts of the program make assumptions about the contents of that field.",,High,
83 CWE-499,EN-Serializable Class Containing Sensitive Data (Type: Variant),"The code contains a class with sensitive data, but the class does not explicitly deny serialization. The data can be accessed by serializing the class through another class.","Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,High,
84 CWE-500,EN-Public Static Field Not Marked Final (Type: Variant),"An object contains a public static field that is not marked final, which might allow it to be modified in unexpected ways.",Public static variables can be read without an accessor and changed without a mutator by any classes in the application.,,High,
85 CWE-515,EN-Covert Storage Channel (Type: Base),A covert storage channel transfers information through the setting of bits by one program and the reading of those bits by another. What distinguishes this case from that of ordinary operation is that the bits are used to convey encoded information.,"Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,High,
86 CWE-639,EN-Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (Type: Base),The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.,"Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user. It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system. One manifestation of this weakness would be if a system used sequential or otherwise easily guessable session ids that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.",,High,
87 CWE-640,EN-Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password (Type: Base),"The software contains a mechanism for users to recover or change their passwords without knowing the original password, but the mechanism is weak.","It is common for an application to have a mechanism that provides a means for a user to gain access to their account in the event they forget their password. Very often the password recovery mechanism is weak, which has the effect of making it more likely that it would be possible for a person other than the legitimate system user to gain access to that user's account.
106 CWE-467,EN-Use of sizeof() on a Pointer Type (Type: Variant),"The code calls sizeof() on a malloced pointer type, which always returns the wordsize/8. This can produce an unexpected result if the programmer intended to determine how much memory has been allocated.
107 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,High,EXP01-A. Do not take the sizeof a pointer to determine the size of a type: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/EXP01-A.+Do+not+take+the+sizeof+a+pointer+to+determine+the+size+of+a+type
108 CWE-486,EN-Comparison of Classes by Name (Type: Variant),"The program compares classes by name, which can cause it to use the wrong class when multiple classes can have the same name.
109 If the decision to trust the methods and data of an object is based on the name of a class, it is possible for malicious users to send objects of the same name as trusted classes and thereby gain the trust afforded to known classes and types.",,High,
110 CWE-493,EN-Critical Public Variable Without Final Modifier (Type: Variant),"The product has a critical public variable that is not final, which allows the variable to be modified to contain unexpected values.
111 If a field is non-final and public, it can be changed once the value is set by any function that has access to the class which contains the field. This could lead to a vulnerability if other parts of the program make assumptions about the contents of that field.",,High,
112 CWE-499,EN-Serializable Class Containing Sensitive Data (Type: Variant),"The code contains a class with sensitive data, but the class does not explicitly deny serialization. The data can be accessed by serializing the class through another class.
113 Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,High,
114 CWE-500,EN-Public Static Field Not Marked Final (Type: Variant),"An object contains a public static field that is not marked final, which might allow it to be modified in unexpected ways.
115 Public static variables can be read without an accessor and changed without a mutator by any classes in the application.",,High,
116 CWE-515,EN-Covert Storage Channel (Type: Base),"A covert storage channel transfers information through the setting of bits by one program and the reading of those bits by another. What distinguishes this case from that of ordinary operation is that the bits are used to convey encoded information.
117 Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,High,
118 CWE-639,EN-Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (Type: Base),"The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
119 Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user. It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system. One manifestation of this weakness would be if a system used sequential or otherwise easily guessable session ids that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.",,High,
120 CWE-640,EN-Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password (Type: Base),"The software contains a mechanism for users to recover or change their passwords without knowing the original password, but the mechanism is weak.
121 It is common for an application to have a mechanism that provides a means for a user to gain access to their account in the event they forget their password. Very often the password recovery mechanism is weak, which has the effect of making it more likely that it would be possible for a person other than the legitimate system user to gain access to that user's account.
88122 This weakness may be that the security question is too easy to guess or find an answer to (e.g. because it is too common). Or there might be an implementation weakness in the password recovery mechanism code that may for instance trick the system into e-mailing the new password to an e-mail account other than that of the user. There might be no throttling done on the rate of password resets so that a legitimate user can be denied service by an attacker if an attacker tries to recover their password in a rapid succession. The system may send the original password to the user rather than generating a new temporary password. In summary, password recovery functionality, if not carefully designed and implemented can often become the system's weakest link that can be misused in a way that would allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the system. Weak password recovery schemes completely undermine a strong password authentication scheme.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
89 CWE-642,EN-External Control of Critical State Data (Type: Class),"The software stores security-critical state information about its users, or the software itself, in a location that is accessible to unauthorized actors.","If an attacker can modify the state information without detection, then it could be used to perform unauthorized actions or access unexpected resources, since the application programmer does not expect that the state can be changed.
123 CWE-642,EN-External Control of Critical State Data (Type: Class),"The software stores security-critical state information about its users, or the software itself, in a location that is accessible to unauthorized actors.
124 If an attacker can modify the state information without detection, then it could be used to perform unauthorized actions or access unexpected resources, since the application programmer does not expect that the state can be changed.
90125 State information can be stored in various locations such as a cookie, in a hidden web form field, input parameter or argument, an environment variable, a database record, within a settings file, etc. All of these locations have the potential to be modified by an attacker. When this state information is used to control security or determine resource usage, then it may create a vulnerability. For example, an application may perform authentication, then save the state in an ""authenticated=true"" cookie. An attacker may simply create this cookie in order to bypass the authentication.",,High,"Top 10 2007-Insecure Direct Object Reference: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007-A4
91126 HMAC: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hmac
92127 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 4: Use of Magic URLs, Predictable Cookies, and Hidden Form Fields."" Page 75"
93 CWE-643,EN-Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions (XPath Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to dynamically construct an XPath expression used to retrieve data from an XML database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes that input. This allows an attacker to control the structure of the query.","The net effect is that the attacker will have control over the information selected from the XML database and may use that ability to control application flow, modify logic, retrieve unauthorized data, or bypass important checks (e.g. authentication).",,High,"XPath Injection: http://www.webappsec.org/projects/threat/classes/xpath_injection.shtml
128 CWE-643,EN-Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions (XPath Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to dynamically construct an XPath expression used to retrieve data from an XML database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes that input. This allows an attacker to control the structure of the query.
129 The net effect is that the attacker will have control over the information selected from the XML database and may use that ability to control application flow, modify logic, retrieve unauthorized data, or bypass important checks (e.g. authentication).",,High,"XPath Injection: http://www.webappsec.org/projects/threat/classes/xpath_injection.shtml
94130 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""XPath Injection"", Page 1070."
95 CWE-644,EN-Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax (Type: Variant),"The application does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes web scripting syntax in HTTP headers that can be used by web browser components that can process raw headers, such as Flash.","An attacker may be able to conduct cross-site scripting and other attacks against users who have these components enabled.
131 CWE-644,EN-Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax (Type: Variant),"The application does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes web scripting syntax in HTTP headers that can be used by web browser components that can process raw headers, such as Flash.
132 An attacker may be able to conduct cross-site scripting and other attacks against users who have these components enabled.
96133 If an application does not neutralize user controlled data being placed in the header of an HTTP response coming from the server, the header may contain a script that will get executed in the client's browser context, potentially resulting in a cross site scripting vulnerability or possibly an HTTP response splitting attack. It is important to carefully control data that is being placed both in HTTP response header and in the HTTP response body to ensure that no scripting syntax is present, taking various encodings into account.",,High,
97 CWE-645,EN-Overly Restrictive Account Lockout Mechanism (Type: Base),"The software contains an account lockout protection mechanism, but the mechanism is too restrictive and can be triggered too easily. This allows attackers to deny service to legitimate users by causing their accounts to be locked out.","Account lockout is a security feature often present in applications as a countermeasure to the brute force attack on the password based authentication mechanism of the system. After a certain number of failed login attempts, the users' account may be disabled for a certain period of time or until it is unlocked by an administrator. Other security events may also possibly trigger account lockout. However, an attacker may use this very security feature to deny service to legitimate system users. It is therefore important to ensure that the account lockout security mechanism is not overly restrictive.",,High,
98 CWE-646,EN-Reliance on File Name or Extension of Externally-Supplied File (Type: Variant),"The software allows a file to be uploaded, but it relies on the file name or extension of the file to determine the appropriate behaviors. This could be used by attackers to cause the file to be misclassified and processed in a dangerous fashion.","An application might use the file name or extension of of a user-supplied file to determine the proper course of action, such as selecting the correct process to which control should be passed, deciding what data should be made available, or what resources should be allocated. If the attacker can cause the code to misclassify the supplied file, then the wrong action could occur. For example, an attacker could supply a file that ends in a "".php.gif"" extension that appears to be a GIF image, but would be processed as PHP code. In extreme cases, code execution is possible, but the attacker could also cause exhaustion of resources, denial of service, exposure of debug or system data (including application source code), or being bound to a particular server side process. This weakness may be due to a vulnerability in any of the technologies used by the web and application servers, due to misconfiguration, or resultant from another flaw in the application itself.",,High,
99 CWE-647,EN-Use of Non-Canonical URL Paths for Authorization Decisions (Type: Variant),The software defines policy namespaces and makes authorization decisions based on the assumption that a URL is canonical. This can allow a non-canonical URL to bypass the authorization.,"If an application defines policy namespaces and makes authorization decisions based on the URL, but it does not require or convert to a canonical URL before making the authorization decision, then it opens the application to attack. For example, if the application only wants to allow access to http://www.example.com/mypage, then the attacker might be able to bypass this restriction using equivalent URLs such as:
134 CWE-645,EN-Overly Restrictive Account Lockout Mechanism (Type: Base),"The software contains an account lockout protection mechanism, but the mechanism is too restrictive and can be triggered too easily. This allows attackers to deny service to legitimate users by causing their accounts to be locked out.
135 Account lockout is a security feature often present in applications as a countermeasure to the brute force attack on the password based authentication mechanism of the system. After a certain number of failed login attempts, the users' account may be disabled for a certain period of time or until it is unlocked by an administrator. Other security events may also possibly trigger account lockout. However, an attacker may use this very security feature to deny service to legitimate system users. It is therefore important to ensure that the account lockout security mechanism is not overly restrictive.",,High,
136 CWE-646,EN-Reliance on File Name or Extension of Externally-Supplied File (Type: Variant),"The software allows a file to be uploaded, but it relies on the file name or extension of the file to determine the appropriate behaviors. This could be used by attackers to cause the file to be misclassified and processed in a dangerous fashion.
137 An application might use the file name or extension of of a user-supplied file to determine the proper course of action, such as selecting the correct process to which control should be passed, deciding what data should be made available, or what resources should be allocated. If the attacker can cause the code to misclassify the supplied file, then the wrong action could occur. For example, an attacker could supply a file that ends in a "".php.gif"" extension that appears to be a GIF image, but would be processed as PHP code. In extreme cases, code execution is possible, but the attacker could also cause exhaustion of resources, denial of service, exposure of debug or system data (including application source code), or being bound to a particular server side process. This weakness may be due to a vulnerability in any of the technologies used by the web and application servers, due to misconfiguration, or resultant from another flaw in the application itself.",,High,
138 CWE-647,EN-Use of Non-Canonical URL Paths for Authorization Decisions (Type: Variant),"The software defines policy namespaces and makes authorization decisions based on the assumption that a URL is canonical. This can allow a non-canonical URL to bypass the authorization.
139 If an application defines policy namespaces and makes authorization decisions based on the URL, but it does not require or convert to a canonical URL before making the authorization decision, then it opens the application to attack. For example, if the application only wants to allow access to http://www.example.com/mypage, then the attacker might be able to bypass this restriction using equivalent URLs such as:
100140 http://WWW.EXAMPLE.COM/mypage
101141 http://www.example.com/%6Dypage (alternate encoding)
102142 http://192.168.1.1/mypage (IP address)
103143 http://www.example.com/mypage/ (trailing /)
104144 http://www.example.com:80/mypage
105145 Therefore it is important to specify access control policy that is based on the path information in some canonical form with all alternate encodings rejected (which can be accomplished by a default deny rule).",,High,
106 CWE-649,EN-Reliance on Obfuscation or Encryption of Security-Relevant Inputs without Integrity Checking (Type: Base),"The software uses obfuscation or encryption of inputs that should not be mutable by an external actor, but the software does not use integrity checks to detect if those inputs have been modified.","When an application relies on obfuscation or incorrectly applied / weak encryption to protect client-controllable tokens or parameters, that may have an effect on the user state, system state, or some decision made on the server. Without protecting the tokens/parameters for integrity, the application is vulnerable to an attack where an adversary blindly traverses the space of possible values of the said token/parameter in order to attempt to gain an advantage. The goal of the attacker is to find another admissible value that will somehow elevate his or her privileges in the system, disclose information or change the behavior of the system in some way beneficial to the attacker. If the application does not protect these critical tokens/parameters for integrity, it will not be able to determine that these values have been tampered with. Measures that are used to protect data for confidentiality should not be relied upon to provide the integrity service.",,High,
107 CWE-650,EN-Trusting HTTP Permission Methods on the Server Side (Type: Variant),"The server contains a protection mechanism that assumes that any URI that is accessed using HTTP GET will not cause a state change to the associated resource. This might allow attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and conduct resource modification and deletion attacks, since some applications allow GET to modify state.","An application may disallow the HTTP requests to perform DELETE, PUT and POST operations on the resource representation, believing that it will be enough to prevent unintended resource alterations. Even though the HTTP GET specification requires that GET requests should not have side effects, there is nothing in the HTTP protocol itself that prevents the HTTP GET method from performing more than just query of the data. For instance, it is a common practice with REST based Web Services to have HTTP GET requests modifying resources on the server side. Whenever that happens however, the access control needs to be properly enforced in the application. No assumptions should be made that only HTTP DELETE, PUT, and POST methods have the power to alter the representation of the resource being accessed in the request.",,High,
108 CWE-652,EN-Improper Neutralization of Data within XQuery Expressions (XQuery Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to dynamically construct an XQuery expression used to retrieve data from an XML database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes that input. This allows an attacker to control the structure of the query.","The net effect is that the attacker will have control over the information selected from the XML database and may use that ability to control application flow, modify logic, retrieve unauthorized data, or bypass important checks (e.g. authentication).",,High,
109 CWE-676,EN-Use of Potentially Dangerous Function (Type: Base),"The program invokes a potentially dangerous function that could introduce a vulnerability if it is used incorrectly, but the function can also be used safely.","Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,High,"Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) Banned Function Calls: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb288454.aspx
146 CWE-649,EN-Reliance on Obfuscation or Encryption of Security-Relevant Inputs without Integrity Checking (Type: Base),"The software uses obfuscation or encryption of inputs that should not be mutable by an external actor, but the software does not use integrity checks to detect if those inputs have been modified.
147 When an application relies on obfuscation or incorrectly applied / weak encryption to protect client-controllable tokens or parameters, that may have an effect on the user state, system state, or some decision made on the server. Without protecting the tokens/parameters for integrity, the application is vulnerable to an attack where an adversary blindly traverses the space of possible values of the said token/parameter in order to attempt to gain an advantage. The goal of the attacker is to find another admissible value that will somehow elevate his or her privileges in the system, disclose information or change the behavior of the system in some way beneficial to the attacker. If the application does not protect these critical tokens/parameters for integrity, it will not be able to determine that these values have been tampered with. Measures that are used to protect data for confidentiality should not be relied upon to provide the integrity service.",,High,
148 CWE-650,EN-Trusting HTTP Permission Methods on the Server Side (Type: Variant),"The server contains a protection mechanism that assumes that any URI that is accessed using HTTP GET will not cause a state change to the associated resource. This might allow attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and conduct resource modification and deletion attacks, since some applications allow GET to modify state.
149 An application may disallow the HTTP requests to perform DELETE, PUT and POST operations on the resource representation, believing that it will be enough to prevent unintended resource alterations. Even though the HTTP GET specification requires that GET requests should not have side effects, there is nothing in the HTTP protocol itself that prevents the HTTP GET method from performing more than just query of the data. For instance, it is a common practice with REST based Web Services to have HTTP GET requests modifying resources on the server side. Whenever that happens however, the access control needs to be properly enforced in the application. No assumptions should be made that only HTTP DELETE, PUT, and POST methods have the power to alter the representation of the resource being accessed in the request.",,High,
150 CWE-652,EN-Improper Neutralization of Data within XQuery Expressions (XQuery Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to dynamically construct an XQuery expression used to retrieve data from an XML database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes that input. This allows an attacker to control the structure of the query.
151 The net effect is that the attacker will have control over the information selected from the XML database and may use that ability to control application flow, modify logic, retrieve unauthorized data, or bypass important checks (e.g. authentication).",,High,
152 CWE-676,EN-Use of Potentially Dangerous Function (Type: Base),"The program invokes a potentially dangerous function that could introduce a vulnerability if it is used incorrectly, but the function can also be used safely.
153 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,High,"Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) Banned Function Calls: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb288454.aspx
110154 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Safe String Handling"" Page 156, 160
111155 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""C String Handling"", Page 388."
112 CWE-682,EN-Incorrect Calculation (Type: Class),The software performs a calculation that generates incorrect or unintended results that are later used in security-critical decisions or resource management..,"When software performs a security-critical calculation incorrectly, it might lead to incorrect resource allocations, incorrect privilege assignments, or failed comparisons among other things. Many of the direct results of an incorrect calculation can lead to even larger problems such as failed protection mechanisms or even arbitrary code execution.",,High,"SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
156 CWE-682,EN-Incorrect Calculation (Type: Class),"The software performs a calculation that generates incorrect or unintended results that are later used in security-critical decisions or resource management..
157 When software performs a security-critical calculation incorrectly, it might lead to incorrect resource allocations, incorrect privilege assignments, or failed comparisons among other things. Many of the direct results of an incorrect calculation can lead to even larger problems such as failed protection mechanisms or even arbitrary code execution.",,High,"SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
113158 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 7: Integer Overflows."" Page 119
114159 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Signed Integer Boundaries"", Page 220."
115 CWE-78,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (OS Command Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component..","This could allow attackers to execute unexpected, dangerous commands directly on the operating system. This weakness can lead to a vulnerability in environments in which the attacker does not have direct access to the operating system, such as in web applications. Alternately, if the weakness occurs in a privileged program, it could allow the attacker to specify commands that normally would not be accessible, or to call alternate commands with privileges that the attacker does not have. The problem is exacerbated if the compromised process does not follow the principle of least privilege, because the attacker-controlled commands may run with special system privileges that increases the amount of damage.
160 CWE-78,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (OS Command Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component..
161 This could allow attackers to execute unexpected, dangerous commands directly on the operating system. This weakness can lead to a vulnerability in environments in which the attacker does not have direct access to the operating system, such as in web applications. Alternately, if the weakness occurs in a privileged program, it could allow the attacker to specify commands that normally would not be accessible, or to call alternate commands with privileges that the attacker does not have. The problem is exacerbated if the compromised process does not follow the principle of least privilege, because the attacker-controlled commands may run with special system privileges that increases the amount of damage.
116162 There are at least two subtypes of OS command injection:
117163 The application intends to execute a single, fixed program that is under its own control. It intends to use externally-supplied inputs as arguments to that program. For example, the program might use system(""nslookup [HOSTNAME]"") to run nslookup and allow the user to supply a HOSTNAME, which is used as an argument. Attackers cannot prevent nslookup from executing. However, if the program does not remove command separators from the HOSTNAME argument, attackers could place the separators into the arguments, which allows them to execute their own program after nslookup has finished executing.
118164 The application accepts an input that it uses to fully select which program to run, as well as which commands to use. The application simply redirects this entire command to the operating system. For example, the program might use ""exec([COMMAND])"" to execute the [COMMAND] that was supplied by the user. If the COMMAND is under attacker control, then the attacker can execute arbitrary commands or programs. If the command is being executed using functions like exec() and CreateProcess(), the attacker might not be able to combine multiple commands together in the same line.
126172 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
127173 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
128174 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Shell Metacharacters"", Page 425."
129 CWE-784,EN-Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking in a Security Decision (Type: Variant),"The application uses a protection mechanism that relies on the existence or values of a cookie, but it does not properly ensure that the cookie is valid for the associated user.","Attackers can easily modify cookies, within the browser or by implementing the client-side code outside of the browser. Attackers can bypass protection mechanisms such as authorization and authentication by modifying the cookie to contain an expected value.",,High,"Unforgivable Vulnerabilities: http://cve.mitre.org/docs/docs-2007/unforgivable.pdf
175 CWE-784,EN-Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking in a Security Decision (Type: Variant),"The application uses a protection mechanism that relies on the existence or values of a cookie, but it does not properly ensure that the cookie is valid for the associated user.
176 Attackers can easily modify cookies, within the browser or by implementing the client-side code outside of the browser. Attackers can bypass protection mechanisms such as authorization and authentication by modifying the cookie to contain an expected value.",,High,"Unforgivable Vulnerabilities: http://cve.mitre.org/docs/docs-2007/unforgivable.pdf
130177 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 13, ""Sensitive Data in Cookies and Fields"" Page 435"
131 CWE-862,EN-Missing Authorization (Type: Class),The software does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.,"Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
178 CWE-862,EN-Missing Authorization (Type: Class),"The software does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
179 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
132180 When access control checks are not applied, users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Role Based Access Control and Role Based Security: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/rbac/
133181 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 4, ""Authorization"" Page 114; Chapter 6, ""Determining Appropriate Access Control"" Page 171
134182 Top 25 Series - Rank 5 - Improper Access Control (Authorization): http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/04/top-25-series-rank-5-improper-access-control-authorization/
135183 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
136184 Authentication using JAAS: http://www.javaranch.com/journal/2008/04/authentication-using-JAAS.html
137185 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authorization"", Page 39."
138 CWE-863,EN-Incorrect Authorization (Type: Class),"The software performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action, but it does not correctly perform the check. This allows attackers to bypass intended access restrictions.","Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
186 CWE-863,EN-Incorrect Authorization (Type: Class),"The software performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action, but it does not correctly perform the check. This allows attackers to bypass intended access restrictions.
187 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
139188 When access control checks are incorrectly applied, users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Role Based Access Control and Role Based Security: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/rbac/
140189 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 4, ""Authorization"" Page 114; Chapter 6, ""Determining Appropriate Access Control"" Page 171
141190 Top 25 Series - Rank 5 - Improper Access Control (Authorization): http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/04/top-25-series-rank-5-improper-access-control-authorization/
142191 Authentication using JAAS: http://www.javaranch.com/journal/2008/04/authentication-using-JAAS.html
143192 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
144193 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authorization"", Page 39."
145 CWE-99,EN-Improper Control of Resource Identifiers (Resource Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before it is used as an identifier for a resource that may be outside the intended sphere of control.",This may enable an attacker to access or modify otherwise protected system resources.,,High,
146 CWE-120,EN-Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input (Classic Buffer Overflow) (Type: Base),"The program copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer, leading to a buffer overflow.","A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Public Enemy #1: The Buffer Overrun"" Page 127
194 CWE-99,EN-Improper Control of Resource Identifiers (Resource Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before it is used as an identifier for a resource that may be outside the intended sphere of control.
195 This may enable an attacker to access or modify otherwise protected system resources.",,High,
196 CWE-120,EN-Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input (Classic Buffer Overflow) (Type: Base),"The program copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer, leading to a buffer overflow.
197 A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Public Enemy #1: The Buffer Overrun"" Page 127
147198 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
148199 Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
149200 Safe C String Library v1.0.3: http://www.zork.org/safestr/
156207 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Nonexecutable Stack"", Page 76.
157208 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Protection Mechanisms"", Page 189.
158209 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""C String Handling"", Page 388."
159 CWE-122,EN-Heap-based Buffer Overflow (Type: Variant),"A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().","A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Heap Overruns"" Page 138
210 CWE-122,EN-Heap-based Buffer Overflow (Type: Variant),"A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
211 A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Heap Overruns"" Page 138
160212 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
161213 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Nonexecutable Stack"", Page 76.
162214 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Protection Mechanisms"", Page 189."
163 CWE-131,EN-Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size (Type: Base),"The software does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow.","If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,High to Very High,"SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
215 CWE-131,EN-Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size (Type: Base),"The software does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow.
216 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,High to Very High,"SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
164217 Top 25 Series - Rank 18 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/19/top-25-series-rank-18-incorrect-calculation-of-buffer-size
165218 Address Space Layout Randomization in Windows Vista: http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_howard/archive/2006/05/26/address-space-layout-randomization-in-windows-vista.aspx
166219 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx
169222 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 20, ""Integer Overflows"" Page 620
170223 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
171224 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Incrementing Pointers Incorrectly"", Page 401."
172 CWE-22,EN-Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (Path Traversal) (Type: Class),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the software does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.","Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as "".."" and ""/"" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the ""../"" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as ""/usr/local/bin"", which may also be useful in accessing unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
225 CWE-22,EN-Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (Path Traversal) (Type: Class),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the software does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
226 Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as "".."" and ""/"" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the ""../"" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as ""/usr/local/bin"", which may also be useful in accessing unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
173227 In many programming languages, the injection of a null byte (the 0 or NUL) may allow an attacker to truncate a generated filename to widen the scope of attack. For example, the software may add "".txt"" to any pathname, thus limiting the attacker to text files, but a null injection may effectively remove this restriction.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 11, ""Directory Traversal and Using Parent Paths (..)"" Page 370
174228 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
175229 Testing for Path Traversal (OWASP-AZ-001): http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Path_Traversal_(OWASP-AZ-001)
176230 Top 25 Series - Rank 7 - Path Traversal: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/09/top-25-series-rank-7-path-traversal/
177231 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
178232 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Filenames and Paths"", Page 503."
179 CWE-311,EN-Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data (Type: Base),The software does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.,"The lack of proper data encryption passes up the guarantees of confidentiality, integrity, and accountability that properly implemented encryption conveys.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
233 CWE-311,EN-Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data (Type: Base),"The software does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.
234 The lack of proper data encryption passes up the guarantees of confidentiality, integrity, and accountability that properly implemented encryption conveys.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
180235 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 17: Failure to Protect Stored Data."" Page 253
181236 Top 25 Series - Rank 10 - Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/02/26/top-25-series-rank-10-missing-encryption-of-sensitive-data/
182237 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Encryption"", Page 43.
183238 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf"
184 CWE-464,EN-Addition of Data Structure Sentinel (Type: Base),The accidental addition of a data-structure sentinel can cause serious programming logic problems.,"Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,High to Very High,
185 CWE-67,EN-Improper Handling of Windows Device Names (Type: Variant),"The software constructs pathnames from user input, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a pathname containing a Windows device name such as AUX or CON. This typically leads to denial of service or an information exposure when the application attempts to process the pathname as a regular file.","Not properly handling virtual filenames (e.g. AUX, CON, PRN, COM1, LPT1) can result in different types of vulnerabilities. In some cases an attacker can request a device via injection of a virtual filename in a URL, which may cause an error that leads to a denial of service or an error page that reveals sensitive information. A software system that allows device names to bypass filtering runs the risk of an attacker injecting malicious code in a file with the name of a device.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code
239 CWE-464,EN-Addition of Data Structure Sentinel (Type: Base),"The accidental addition of a data-structure sentinel can cause serious programming logic problems.
240 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,High to Very High,
241 CWE-67,EN-Improper Handling of Windows Device Names (Type: Variant),"The software constructs pathnames from user input, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a pathname containing a Windows device name such as AUX or CON. This typically leads to denial of service or an information exposure when the application attempts to process the pathname as a regular file.
242 Not properly handling virtual filenames (e.g. AUX, CON, PRN, COM1, LPT1) can result in different types of vulnerabilities. In some cases an attacker can request a device via injection of a virtual filename in a URL, which may cause an error that leads to a denial of service or an error page that reveals sensitive information. A software system that allows device names to bypass filtering runs the risk of an attacker injecting malicious code in a file with the name of a device.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code
186243 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Device Files"", Page 666."
187 CWE-73,EN-External Control of File Name or Path (Type: Class),The software allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.,"This could allow an attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are critical to the application.
244 CWE-73,EN-External Control of File Name or Path (Type: Class),"The software allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.
245 This could allow an attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are critical to the application.
188246 Path manipulation errors occur when the following two conditions are met:
189247 1. An attacker can specify a path used in an operation on the filesystem.
190248 2. By specifying the resource, the attacker gains a capability that would not otherwise be permitted.
191249 For example, the program may give the attacker the ability to overwrite the specified file or run with a configuration controlled by the attacker.",,High to Very High,OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
192 CWE-76,EN-Improper Neutralization of Equivalent Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software properly neutralizes certain special elements, but it improperly neutralizes equivalent special elements.","The software may have a fixed list of special characters it believes is complete. However, there may be alternate encodings, or representations that also have the same meaning. For example, the software may filter out a leading slash (/) to prevent absolute path names, but does not account for a tilde (~) followed by a user name, which on some *nix systems could be expanded to an absolute pathname. Alternately, the software might filter a dangerous ""-e"" command-line switch when calling an external program, but it might not account for ""--exec"" or other switches that have the same semantics.",,High to Very High,
193 CWE-79,EN-Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (Cross-site Scripting) (Type: Base),The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.,"Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
250 CWE-76,EN-Improper Neutralization of Equivalent Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software properly neutralizes certain special elements, but it improperly neutralizes equivalent special elements.
251 The software may have a fixed list of special characters it believes is complete. However, there may be alternate encodings, or representations that also have the same meaning. For example, the software may filter out a leading slash (/) to prevent absolute path names, but does not account for a tilde (~) followed by a user name, which on some *nix systems could be expanded to an absolute pathname. Alternately, the software might filter a dangerous ""-e"" command-line switch when calling an external program, but it might not account for ""--exec"" or other switches that have the same semantics.",,High to Very High,
252 CWE-79,EN-Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (Cross-site Scripting) (Type: Base),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
253 Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
194254 1. Untrusted data enters a web application, typically from a web request.
195255 2. The web application dynamically generates a web page that contains this untrusted data.
196256 3. During page generation, the application does not prevent the data from containing content that is executable by a web browser, such as JavaScript, HTML tags, HTML attributes, mouse events, Flash, ActiveX, etc.
221281 DOM based XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/DOM_based_XSS_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet
222282 Top 25 series - Rank 1 - Cross Site Scripting: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/02/22/top-25-series-rank-1-cross-site-scripting/
223283 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""Cross Site Scripting"", Page 1071."
224 CWE-80,EN-Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters such as ""<"", "">"", and ""&"" that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to a downstream component that processes web pages.","This may allow such characters to be treated as control characters, which are executed client-side in the context of the user's session. Although this can be classified as an injection problem, the more pertinent issue is the improper conversion of such special characters to respective context-appropriate entities before displaying them to the user.",,High to Very High,
225 CWE-98,EN-Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (PHP Remote File Inclusion) (Type: Base),"The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in ""require,"" ""include,"" or similar functions.","In certain versions and configurations of PHP, this can allow an attacker to specify a URL to a remote location from which the software will obtain the code to execute. In other cases in association with path traversal, the attacker can specify a local file that may contain executable statements that can be parsed by PHP.",,High to Very High,"Testing for Path Traversal (OWASP-AZ-001): http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Path_Traversal_(OWASP-AZ-001)
284 CWE-80,EN-Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters such as ""<"", "">"", and ""&"" that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to a downstream component that processes web pages.
285 This may allow such characters to be treated as control characters, which are executed client-side in the context of the user's session. Although this can be classified as an injection problem, the more pertinent issue is the improper conversion of such special characters to respective context-appropriate entities before displaying them to the user.",,High to Very High,
286 CWE-98,EN-Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (PHP Remote File Inclusion) (Type: Base),"The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in ""require,"" ""include,"" or similar functions.
287 In certain versions and configurations of PHP, this can allow an attacker to specify a URL to a remote location from which the software will obtain the code to execute. In other cases in association with path traversal, the attacker can specify a local file that may contain executable statements that can be parsed by PHP.",,High to Very High,"Testing for Path Traversal (OWASP-AZ-001): http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Path_Traversal_(OWASP-AZ-001)
226288 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
227289 A Study in Scarlet: http://www.cgisecurity.com/lib/studyinscarlet.txt
228290 Suhosin: http://www.hardened-php.net/suhosin/
229291 Top 25 Series - Rank 13 - PHP File Inclusion: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/11/top-25-series-rank-13-php-file-inclusion/"
230 CWE-188,EN-Reliance on Data/Memory Layout (Type: Base),"The software makes invalid assumptions about how protocol data or memory is organized at a lower level, resulting in unintended program behavior.","For example, an attacker might succeed in authentication by providing a small password that matches the associated portion of the larger, correct password.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Structure Padding"", Page 284."
231 CWE-197,EN-Numeric Truncation Error (Type: Base),Truncation errors occur when a primitive is cast to a primitive of a smaller size and data is lost in the conversion.,"When a primitive is cast to a smaller primitive, the high order bits of the large value are lost in the conversion, potentially resulting in an unexpected value that is not equal to the original value. This value may be required as an index into a buffer, a loop iterator, or simply necessary state data. In any case, the value cannot be trusted and the system will be in an undefined state. While this method may be employed viably to isolate the low bits of a value, this usage is rare, and truncation usually implies that an implementation error has occurred.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Truncation"", Page 259."
232 CWE-252,EN-Unchecked Return Value (Type: Base),"The software does not check the return value from a method or function, which can prevent it from detecting unexpected states and conditions.","Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Program Building Blocks"" Page 341.
292 CWE-188,EN-Reliance on Data/Memory Layout (Type: Base),"The software makes invalid assumptions about how protocol data or memory is organized at a lower level, resulting in unintended program behavior.
293 For example, an attacker might succeed in authentication by providing a small password that matches the associated portion of the larger, correct password.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Structure Padding"", Page 284."
294 CWE-197,EN-Numeric Truncation Error (Type: Base),"Truncation errors occur when a primitive is cast to a primitive of a smaller size and data is lost in the conversion.
295 When a primitive is cast to a smaller primitive, the high order bits of the large value are lost in the conversion, potentially resulting in an unexpected value that is not equal to the original value. This value may be required as an index into a buffer, a loop iterator, or simply necessary state data. In any case, the value cannot be trusted and the system will be in an undefined state. While this method may be employed viably to isolate the low bits of a value, this usage is rare, and truncation usually implies that an implementation error has occurred.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Truncation"", Page 259."
296 CWE-252,EN-Unchecked Return Value (Type: Base),"The software does not check the return value from a method or function, which can prevent it from detecting unexpected states and conditions.
297 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Program Building Blocks"" Page 341.
233298 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 20, ""Checking Returns"" Page 624
234299 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183
235300 ERR10-CPP. Check for error conditions: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/cplusplus/ERR10-CPP.+Check+for+error+conditions"
236 CWE-253,EN-Incorrect Check of Function Return Value (Type: Base),"The software incorrectly checks a return value from a function, which prevents the software from detecting errors or exceptional conditions.","Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Return Value Testing and Interpretation"", Page 340."
237 CWE-296,EN-Improper Following of a Certificates Chain of Trust (Type: Base),"The software does not follow, or incorrectly follows, the chain of trust for a certificate back to a trusted root certificate, resulting in incorrect trust of any resource that is associated with that certificate.","If a system does not follow the chain of trust of a certificate to a root server, the certificate loses all usefulness as a metric of trust. Essentially, the trust gained from a certificate is derived from a chain of trust -- with a reputable trusted entity at the end of that list. The end user must trust that reputable source, and this reputable source must vouch for the resource in question through the medium of the certificate.
301 CWE-253,EN-Incorrect Check of Function Return Value (Type: Base),"The software incorrectly checks a return value from a function, which prevents the software from detecting errors or exceptional conditions.
302 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Return Value Testing and Interpretation"", Page 340."
303 CWE-296,EN-Improper Following of a Certificates Chain of Trust (Type: Base),"The software does not follow, or incorrectly follows, the chain of trust for a certificate back to a trusted root certificate, resulting in incorrect trust of any resource that is associated with that certificate.
304 If a system does not follow the chain of trust of a certificate to a root server, the certificate loses all usefulness as a metric of trust. Essentially, the trust gained from a certificate is derived from a chain of trust -- with a reputable trusted entity at the end of that list. The end user must trust that reputable source, and this reputable source must vouch for the resource in question through the medium of the certificate.
238305 In some cases, this trust traverses several entities who vouch for one another. The entity trusted by the end user is at one end of this trust chain, while the certificate-wielding resource is at the other end of the chain. If the user receives a certificate at the end of one of these trust chains and then proceeds to check only that the first link in the chain, no real trust has been derived, since the entire chain must be traversed back to a trusted source to verify the certificate.
239306 There are several ways in which the chain of trust might be broken, including but not limited to:
240307 Any certificate in the chain is self-signed, unless it the root.
242309 An intermediate, CA-signed certificate does not have the expected Basic Constraints or other important extensions.
243310 The root certificate has been compromised or authorized to the wrong party.",,Low,"The Most Dangerous Code in the World: Validating SSL Certificates in Non-Browser Software: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~shmat/shmat_ccs12.pdf
244311 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
245 CWE-298,EN-Improper Validation of Certificate Expiration (Type: Variant),"A certificate expiration is not validated or is incorrectly validated, so trust may be assigned to certificates that have been abandoned due to age.","When the expiration of a certificate is not taken into account, no trust has necessarily been conveyed through it. Therefore, the validity of the certificate cannot be verified and all benefit of the certificate is lost.",,Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
246 CWE-324,EN-Use of a Key Past its Expiration Date (Type: Base),"The product uses a cryptographic key or password past its expiration date, which diminishes its safety significantly by increasing the timing window for cracking attacks against that key.","While the expiration of keys does not necessarily ensure that they are compromised, it is a significant concern that keys which remain in use for prolonged periods of time have a decreasing probability of integrity. For this reason, it is important to replace keys within a period of time proportional to their strength.",,Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
247 CWE-379,EN-Creation of Temporary File in Directory with Incorrect Permissions (Type: Base),The software creates a temporary file in a directory whose permissions allow unintended actors to determine the file's existence or otherwise access that file.,"On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Temporary Files"", Page 538."
248 CWE-462,EN-Duplicate Key in Associative List (Alist) (Type: Base),Duplicate keys in associative lists can lead to non-unique keys being mistaken for an error.,"A duplicate key entry -- if the alist is designed properly -- could be used as a constant time replace function. However, duplicate key entries could be inserted by mistake. Because of this ambiguity, duplicate key entries in an association list are not recommended and should not be allowed.",,Low,
249 CWE-479,EN-Signal Handler Use of a Non-reentrant Function (Type: Variant),The program defines a signal handler that calls a non-reentrant function.,"Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
312 CWE-298,EN-Improper Validation of Certificate Expiration (Type: Variant),"A certificate expiration is not validated or is incorrectly validated, so trust may be assigned to certificates that have been abandoned due to age.
313 When the expiration of a certificate is not taken into account, no trust has necessarily been conveyed through it. Therefore, the validity of the certificate cannot be verified and all benefit of the certificate is lost.",,Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
314 CWE-324,EN-Use of a Key Past its Expiration Date (Type: Base),"The product uses a cryptographic key or password past its expiration date, which diminishes its safety significantly by increasing the timing window for cracking attacks against that key.
315 While the expiration of keys does not necessarily ensure that they are compromised, it is a significant concern that keys which remain in use for prolonged periods of time have a decreasing probability of integrity. For this reason, it is important to replace keys within a period of time proportional to their strength.",,Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
316 CWE-379,EN-Creation of Temporary File in Directory with Incorrect Permissions (Type: Base),"The software creates a temporary file in a directory whose permissions allow unintended actors to determine the file's existence or otherwise access that file.
317 On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Temporary Files"", Page 538."
318 CWE-462,EN-Duplicate Key in Associative List (Alist) (Type: Base),"Duplicate keys in associative lists can lead to non-unique keys being mistaken for an error.
319 A duplicate key entry -- if the alist is designed properly -- could be used as a constant time replace function. However, duplicate key entries could be inserted by mistake. Because of this ambiguity, duplicate key entries in an association list are not recommended and should not be allowed.",,Low,
320 CWE-479,EN-Signal Handler Use of a Non-reentrant Function (Type: Variant),"The program defines a signal handler that calls a non-reentrant function.
321 Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
250322 Many functions are not reentrant, but some of them can result in the corruption of memory if they are used in a signal handler. The function call syslog() is an example of this. In order to perform its functionality, it allocates a small amount of memory as ""scratch space."" If syslog() is suspended by a signal call and the signal handler calls syslog(), the memory used by both of these functions enters an undefined, and possibly, exploitable state. Implementations of malloc() and free() manage metadata in global structures in order to track which memory is allocated versus which memory is available, but they are non-reentrant. Simultaneous calls to these functions can cause corruption of the metadata.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Signal Vulnerabilities"", Page 791."
251 CWE-480,EN-Use of Incorrect Operator (Type: Base),"The programmer accidentally uses the wrong operator, which changes the application logic in security-relevant ways.","Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
323 CWE-480,EN-Use of Incorrect Operator (Type: Base),"The programmer accidentally uses the wrong operator, which changes the application logic in security-relevant ways.
324 Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
252325 Many functions are not reentrant, but some of them can result in the corruption of memory if they are used in a signal handler. The function call syslog() is an example of this. In order to perform its functionality, it allocates a small amount of memory as ""scratch space."" If syslog() is suspended by a signal call and the signal handler calls syslog(), the memory used by both of these functions enters an undefined, and possibly, exploitable state. Implementations of malloc() and free() manage metadata in global structures in order to track which memory is allocated versus which memory is available, but they are non-reentrant. Simultaneous calls to these functions can cause corruption of the metadata.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
253 CWE-481,EN-Assigning instead of Comparing (Type: Variant),The code uses an operator for assignment when the intention was to perform a comparison.,"In many languages the compare statement is very close in appearance to the assignment statement and are often confused. This bug is generally the result of a typo and usually causes obvious problems with program execution. If the comparison is in an if statement, the if statement will usually evaluate the value of the right-hand side of the predicate.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
254 CWE-482,EN-Comparing instead of Assigning (Type: Variant),The code uses an operator for comparison when the intention was to perform an assignment.,"In many languages, the compare statement is very close in appearance to the assignment statement; they are often confused.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
255 CWE-483,EN-Incorrect Block Delimitation (Type: Variant),"The code does not explicitly delimit a block that is intended to contain 2 or more statements, creating a logic error.","In some languages, braces (or other delimiters) are optional for blocks. When the delimiter is omitted, it is possible to insert a logic error in which a statement is thought to be in a block but is not. In some cases, the logic error can have security implications.",,Low,
256 CWE-641,EN-Improper Restriction of Names for Files and Other Resources (Type: Base),"The application constructs the name of a file or other resource using input from an upstream component, but does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the resulting name.","This may produce resultant weaknesses. For instance, if the names of these resources contain scripting characters, it is possible that a script may get executed in the client's browser if the application ever displays the name of the resource on a dynamically generated web page. Alternately, if the resources are consumed by some application parser, a specially crafted name can exploit some vulnerability internal to the parser, potentially resulting in execution of arbitrary code on the server machine. The problems will vary based on the context of usage of such malformed resource names and whether vulnerabilities are present in or assumptions are made by the targeted technology that would make code execution possible.",,Low,
257 CWE-648,EN-Incorrect Use of Privileged APIs (Type: Base),The application does not conform to the API requirements for a function call that requires extra privileges. This could allow attackers to gain privileges by causing the function to be called incorrectly.,"When an application contains certain functions that perform operations requiring an elevated level of privilege, the caller of a privileged API must be careful to:
326 CWE-481,EN-Assigning instead of Comparing (Type: Variant),"The code uses an operator for assignment when the intention was to perform a comparison.
327 In many languages the compare statement is very close in appearance to the assignment statement and are often confused. This bug is generally the result of a typo and usually causes obvious problems with program execution. If the comparison is in an if statement, the if statement will usually evaluate the value of the right-hand side of the predicate.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
328 CWE-482,EN-Comparing instead of Assigning (Type: Variant),"The code uses an operator for comparison when the intention was to perform an assignment.
329 In many languages, the compare statement is very close in appearance to the assignment statement; they are often confused.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
330 CWE-483,EN-Incorrect Block Delimitation (Type: Variant),"The code does not explicitly delimit a block that is intended to contain 2 or more statements, creating a logic error.
331 In some languages, braces (or other delimiters) are optional for blocks. When the delimiter is omitted, it is possible to insert a logic error in which a statement is thought to be in a block but is not. In some cases, the logic error can have security implications.",,Low,
332 CWE-641,EN-Improper Restriction of Names for Files and Other Resources (Type: Base),"The application constructs the name of a file or other resource using input from an upstream component, but does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the resulting name.
333 This may produce resultant weaknesses. For instance, if the names of these resources contain scripting characters, it is possible that a script may get executed in the client's browser if the application ever displays the name of the resource on a dynamically generated web page. Alternately, if the resources are consumed by some application parser, a specially crafted name can exploit some vulnerability internal to the parser, potentially resulting in execution of arbitrary code on the server machine. The problems will vary based on the context of usage of such malformed resource names and whether vulnerabilities are present in or assumptions are made by the targeted technology that would make code execution possible.",,Low,
334 CWE-648,EN-Incorrect Use of Privileged APIs (Type: Base),"The application does not conform to the API requirements for a function call that requires extra privileges. This could allow attackers to gain privileges by causing the function to be called incorrectly.
335 When an application contains certain functions that perform operations requiring an elevated level of privilege, the caller of a privileged API must be careful to:
258336 ensure that assumptions made by the APIs are valid, such as validity of arguments
259337 account for known weaknesses in the design/implementation of the API
260338 call the API from a safe context
261339 If the caller of the API does not follow these requirements, then it may allow a malicious user or process to elevate their privilege, hijack the process, or steal sensitive data.
262340 For instance, it is important to know if privileged APIs do not shed their privileges before returning to the caller or if the privileged function might make certain assumptions about the data, context or state information passed to it by the caller. It is important to always know when and how privileged APIs can be called in order to ensure that their elevated level of privilege cannot be exploited.",,Low,
263 CWE-762,EN-Mismatched Memory Management Routines (Type: Variant),"The application attempts to return a memory resource to the system, but it calls a release function that is not compatible with the function that was originally used to allocate that resource.","This weakness can be generally described as mismatching memory management routines, such as:
341 CWE-762,EN-Mismatched Memory Management Routines (Type: Variant),"The application attempts to return a memory resource to the system, but it calls a release function that is not compatible with the function that was originally used to allocate that resource.
342 This weakness can be generally described as mismatching memory management routines, such as:
264343 The memory was allocated on the stack (automatically), but it was deallocated using the memory management routine free() (CWE-590), which is intended for explicitly allocated heap memory.
265344 The memory was allocated explicitly using one set of memory management functions, and deallocated using a different set. For example, memory might be allocated with malloc() in C++ instead of the new operator, and then deallocated with the delete operator.
266345 When the memory management functions are mismatched, the consequences may be as severe as code execution, memory corruption, or program crash. Consequences and ease of exploit will vary depending on the implementation of the routines and the object being managed.",,Low,"boost C++ Library Smart Pointers: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_38_0/libs/smart_ptr/smart_ptr.htm
267346 Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/"
268 CWE-783,EN-Operator Precedence Logic Error (Type: Variant),The program uses an expression in which operator precedence causes incorrect logic to be used.,"While often just a bug, operator precedence logic errors can have serious consequences if they are used in security-critical code, such as making an authentication decision.",,Low,"EXP00-C. Use parentheses for precedence of operation: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/EXP00-C.+Use+parentheses+for+precedence+of+operation
347 CWE-783,EN-Operator Precedence Logic Error (Type: Variant),"The program uses an expression in which operator precedence causes incorrect logic to be used.
348 While often just a bug, operator precedence logic errors can have serious consequences if they are used in security-critical code, such as making an authentication decision.",,Low,"EXP00-C. Use parentheses for precedence of operation: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/EXP00-C.+Use+parentheses+for+precedence+of+operation
269349 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Precedence"", Page 287."
270 CWE-789,EN-Uncontrolled Memory Allocation (Type: Variant),"The product allocates memory based on an untrusted size value, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates the size, allowing arbitrary amounts of memory to be allocated.","This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. These problems may be resultant from missing sentinel values (CWE-463) or trusting a user-influenced input length variable.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
271 CWE-333,EN-Improper Handling of Insufficient Entropy in TRNG (Type: Variant),True random number generators (TRNG) generally have a limited source of entropy and therefore can fail or block.,The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Low to Medium,
272 CWE-367,EN-Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (Type: Base),"The software checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check. This can cause the software to perform invalid actions when the resource is in an unexpected state.","This weakness can be security-relevant when an attacker can influence the state of the resource between check and use. This can happen with shared resources such as files, memory, or even variables in multithreaded programs.",,Low to Medium,"Portably Solving File TOCTTOU Races with Hardness Amplification: http://www.usenix.org/events/fast08/tech/tsafrir.html
350 CWE-789,EN-Uncontrolled Memory Allocation (Type: Variant),"The product allocates memory based on an untrusted size value, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates the size, allowing arbitrary amounts of memory to be allocated.
351 This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. These problems may be resultant from missing sentinel values (CWE-463) or trusting a user-influenced input length variable.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
352 CWE-333,EN-Improper Handling of Insufficient Entropy in TRNG (Type: Variant),"True random number generators (TRNG) generally have a limited source of entropy and therefore can fail or block.
353 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Low to Medium,
354 CWE-367,EN-Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (Type: Base),"The software checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check. This can cause the software to perform invalid actions when the resource is in an unexpected state.
355 This weakness can be security-relevant when an attacker can influence the state of the resource between check and use. This can happen with shared resources such as files, memory, or even variables in multithreaded programs.",,Low to Medium,"Portably Solving File TOCTTOU Races with Hardness Amplification: http://www.usenix.org/events/fast08/tech/tsafrir.html
273356 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205
274357 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""TOCTOU"", Page 527."
275 CWE-404,EN-Improper Resource Shutdown or Release (Type: Base),The program does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.,"When a resource is created or allocated, the developer is responsible for properly releasing the resource as well as accounting for all potential paths of expiration or invalidation, such as a set period of time or revocation.",,Low to Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143"
276 CWE-407,EN-Algorithmic Complexity (Type: Base),"An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.","In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Low to Medium,Algorithmic Complexity Attacks: http://www.cs.rice.edu/~scrosby/hash/CrosbyWallach_UsenixSec2003/index.html
277 CWE-415,EN-Double Free (Type: Variant),"The product calls free() twice on the same memory address, potentially leading to modification of unexpected memory locations.","When a program calls free() twice with the same argument, the program's memory management data structures become corrupted. This corruption can cause the program to crash or, in some circumstances, cause two later calls to malloc() to return the same pointer. If malloc() returns the same value twice and the program later gives the attacker control over the data that is written into this doubly-allocated memory, the program becomes vulnerable to a buffer overflow attack.",,Low to Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143
358 CWE-404,EN-Improper Resource Shutdown or Release (Type: Base),"The program does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.
359 When a resource is created or allocated, the developer is responsible for properly releasing the resource as well as accounting for all potential paths of expiration or invalidation, such as a set period of time or revocation.",,Low to Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143"
360 CWE-407,EN-Algorithmic Complexity (Type: Base),"An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.
361 In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Low to Medium,Algorithmic Complexity Attacks: http://www.cs.rice.edu/~scrosby/hash/CrosbyWallach_UsenixSec2003/index.html
362 CWE-415,EN-Double Free (Type: Variant),"The product calls free() twice on the same memory address, potentially leading to modification of unexpected memory locations.
363 When a program calls free() twice with the same argument, the program's memory management data structures become corrupted. This corruption can cause the program to crash or, in some circumstances, cause two later calls to malloc() to return the same pointer. If malloc() returns the same value twice and the program later gives the attacker control over the data that is written into this doubly-allocated memory, the program becomes vulnerable to a buffer overflow attack.",,Low to Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143
278364 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Double Frees"", Page 379."
279 CWE-59,EN-Improper Link Resolution Before File Access (Link Following) (Type: Base),"The software attempts to access a file based on the filename, but it does not properly prevent that filename from identifying a link or shortcut that resolves to an unintended resource.","Some functions that offer security features supported by the OS are not available on all versions of the OS in common use. Likewise, functions are often deprecated or made obsolete for security reasons and should not be used.",,Low to Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Symbolic Link Attacks"", Page 518."
280 CWE-601,EN-URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (Open Redirect) (Type: Variant),"A web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a Redirect. This simplifies phishing attacks.","An http parameter may contain a URL value and could cause the web application to redirect the request to the specified URL. By modifying the URL value to a malicious site, an attacker may successfully launch a phishing scam and steal user credentials. Because the server name in the modified link is identical to the original site, phishing attempts have a more trustworthy appearance.",,Low to Medium,"Exploitable Redirects on the Web: Identification, Prevalence, and Defense: http://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/cshue/research/woot08.pdf
365 CWE-59,EN-Improper Link Resolution Before File Access (Link Following) (Type: Base),"The software attempts to access a file based on the filename, but it does not properly prevent that filename from identifying a link or shortcut that resolves to an unintended resource.
366 Some functions that offer security features supported by the OS are not available on all versions of the OS in common use. Likewise, functions are often deprecated or made obsolete for security reasons and should not be used.",,Low to Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Symbolic Link Attacks"", Page 518."
367 CWE-601,EN-URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (Open Redirect) (Type: Variant),"A web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a Redirect. This simplifies phishing attacks.
368 An http parameter may contain a URL value and could cause the web application to redirect the request to the specified URL. By modifying the URL value to a malicious site, an attacker may successfully launch a phishing scam and steal user credentials. Because the server name in the modified link is identical to the original site, phishing attempts have a more trustworthy appearance.",,Low to Medium,"Exploitable Redirects on the Web: Identification, Prevalence, and Defense: http://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/cshue/research/woot08.pdf
281369 Open redirect vulnerabilities: definition and prevention: http://www.net-security.org/dl/insecure/INSECURE-Mag-17.pdf
282370 Top 25 Series - Rank 23 - Open Redirect: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/25/top-25-series-rank-23-open-redirect
283371 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
284 CWE-749,EN-Exposed Dangerous Method or Function (Type: Base),"The software provides an Applications Programming Interface (API) or similar interface for interaction with external actors, but the interface includes a dangerous method or function that is not properly restricted.","This weakness can lead to a wide variety of resultant weaknesses, depending on the behavior of the exposed method. It can apply to any number of technologies and approaches, such as ActiveX controls, Java functions, IOCTLs, and so on.
372 CWE-749,EN-Exposed Dangerous Method or Function (Type: Base),"The software provides an Applications Programming Interface (API) or similar interface for interaction with external actors, but the interface includes a dangerous method or function that is not properly restricted.
373 This weakness can lead to a wide variety of resultant weaknesses, depending on the behavior of the exposed method. It can apply to any number of technologies and approaches, such as ActiveX controls, Java functions, IOCTLs, and so on.
285374 The exposure can occur in a few different ways:
286375 1) The function/method was never intended to be exposed to outside actors.
287376 2) The function/method was only intended to be accessible to a limited set of actors, such as Internet-based access from a single web site.",,Low to Medium,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
288377 No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/security.asp"
289 CWE-755,EN-Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles an exceptional condition.,"The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
378 CWE-755,EN-Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles an exceptional condition.
379 The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
290380 Note that this entry is not exclusively about the use of exceptions and exception handling, which are mechanisms for both checking and handling unusual or unexpected conditions.",,Low to Medium,
291 CWE-766,EN-Critical Variable Declared Public (Type: Variant),The software declares a critical variable or field to be public when intended security policy requires it to be private.,"When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly unlocks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra calls to unlock will increase the count for the number of available resources, likely resulting in a crash or unpredictable behavior when the system nears capacity.",,Low to Medium,
292 CWE-767,EN-Access to Critical Private Variable via Public Method (Type: Variant),The software defines a public method that reads or modifies a private variable.,"If an attacker modifies the variable to contain unexpected values, this could violate assumptions from other parts of the code. Additionally, if an attacker can read the private variable, it may expose sensitive information or make it easier to launch further attacks.",,Low to Medium,
293 CWE-776,EN-Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs (XML Entity Expansion) (Type: Variant),"The software uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.","If the DTD contains a large number of nested or recursive entities, this can lead to explosive growth of data when parsed, causing a denial of service.",,Low to Medium,"Multiple vendors XML parser (and SOAP/WebServices server) Denial of Service attack using DTD: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/303509
381 CWE-766,EN-Critical Variable Declared Public (Type: Variant),"The software declares a critical variable or field to be public when intended security policy requires it to be private.
382 When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly unlocks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra calls to unlock will increase the count for the number of available resources, likely resulting in a crash or unpredictable behavior when the system nears capacity.",,Low to Medium,
383 CWE-767,EN-Access to Critical Private Variable via Public Method (Type: Variant),"The software defines a public method that reads or modifies a private variable.
384 If an attacker modifies the variable to contain unexpected values, this could violate assumptions from other parts of the code. Additionally, if an attacker can read the private variable, it may expose sensitive information or make it easier to launch further attacks.",,Low to Medium,
385 CWE-776,EN-Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs (XML Entity Expansion) (Type: Variant),"The software uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.
386 If the DTD contains a large number of nested or recursive entities, this can lead to explosive growth of data when parsed, causing a denial of service.",,Low to Medium,"Multiple vendors XML parser (and SOAP/WebServices server) Denial of Service attack using DTD: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/303509
294387 XML security: Preventing XML bombs: http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/expert/KnowledgebaseAnswer/0,289625,sid92_gci1168442,00.html?asrc=SS_CLA_302%20%20558&psrc=CLT_92#
295388 Dismantling an XML-Bomb: http://blog.didierstevens.com/2008/09/23/dismantling-an-xml-bomb/
296389 XML Entity Expansion: http://projects.webappsec.org/XML-Entity-Expansion
297390 Tip: Configure SAX parsers for secure processing: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-tipcfsx.html
298391 XML Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/ee335713.aspx
299392 Preventing Entity Expansion Attacks in JAXB: http://blog.bdoughan.com/2011/03/preventing-entity-expansion-attacks-in.html"
300 CWE-777,EN-Regular Expression without Anchors (Type: Variant),"The software uses a regular expression to perform neutralization, but the regular expression is not anchored and may allow malicious or malformed data to slip through.","When performing tasks such as whitelist validation, data is examined and possibly modified to ensure that it is well-formed and adheres to a list of safe values. If the regular expression is not anchored, malicious or malformed data may be included before or after any string matching the regular expression. The type of malicious data that is allowed will depend on the context of the application and which anchors are omitted from the regular expression.",,Low to Medium,
301 CWE-779,EN-Logging of Excessive Data (Type: Base),"The software logs too much information, making log files hard to process and possibly hindering recovery efforts or forensic analysis after an attack.","While logging is a good practice in general, and very high levels of logging are appropriate for debugging stages of development, too much logging in a production environment might hinder a system administrator's ability to detect anomalous conditions. This can provide cover for an attacker while attempting to penetrate a system, clutter the audit trail for forensic analysis, or make it more difficult to debug problems in a production environment.",,Low to Medium,
302 CWE-781,EN-Improper Address Validation in IOCTL with METHOD_NEITHER I/O Control Code (Type: Variant),"The software defines an IOCTL that uses METHOD_NEITHER for I/O, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates the addresses that are provided.","When an IOCTL uses the METHOD_NEITHER option for I/O control, it is the responsibility of the IOCTL to validate the addresses that have been supplied to it. If validation is missing or incorrect, attackers can supply arbitrary memory addresses, leading to code execution or a denial of service.",,Low to Medium,"Exploiting Common Flaws in Drivers: http://reversemode.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=38&Itemid=1
393 CWE-777,EN-Regular Expression without Anchors (Type: Variant),"The software uses a regular expression to perform neutralization, but the regular expression is not anchored and may allow malicious or malformed data to slip through.
394 When performing tasks such as whitelist validation, data is examined and possibly modified to ensure that it is well-formed and adheres to a list of safe values. If the regular expression is not anchored, malicious or malformed data may be included before or after any string matching the regular expression. The type of malicious data that is allowed will depend on the context of the application and which anchors are omitted from the regular expression.",,Low to Medium,
395 CWE-779,EN-Logging of Excessive Data (Type: Base),"The software logs too much information, making log files hard to process and possibly hindering recovery efforts or forensic analysis after an attack.
396 While logging is a good practice in general, and very high levels of logging are appropriate for debugging stages of development, too much logging in a production environment might hinder a system administrator's ability to detect anomalous conditions. This can provide cover for an attacker while attempting to penetrate a system, clutter the audit trail for forensic analysis, or make it more difficult to debug problems in a production environment.",,Low to Medium,
397 CWE-781,EN-Improper Address Validation in IOCTL with METHOD_NEITHER I/O Control Code (Type: Variant),"The software defines an IOCTL that uses METHOD_NEITHER for I/O, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates the addresses that are provided.
398 When an IOCTL uses the METHOD_NEITHER option for I/O control, it is the responsibility of the IOCTL to validate the addresses that have been supplied to it. If validation is missing or incorrect, attackers can supply arbitrary memory addresses, leading to code execution or a denial of service.",,Low to Medium,"Exploiting Common Flaws in Drivers: http://reversemode.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=38&Itemid=1
303399 Remote and Local Exploitation of Network Drivers: https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-07/Bulygin/Presentation/bh-usa-07-bulygin.pdf
304400 Windows driver vulnerabilities: the METHOD_NEITHER odyssey: http://www.net-security.org/dl/insecure/INSECURE-Mag-18.pdf
305401 Buffer Descriptions for I/O Control Codes: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms795857.aspx
306402 Using Neither Buffered Nor Direct I/O: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc264614.aspx
307403 Securing Device Objects: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms794722.aspx
308404 No description: http://www.piotrbania.com/all/articles/ewdd.pdf"
309 CWE-782,EN-Exposed IOCTL with Insufficient Access Control (Type: Variant),"The software implements an IOCTL with functionality that should be restricted, but it does not properly enforce access control for the IOCTL.","When an IOCTL contains privileged functionality and is exposed unnecessarily, attackers may be able to access this functionality by invoking the IOCTL. Even if the functionality is benign, if the programmer has assumed that the IOCTL would only be accessed by a trusted process, there may be little or no validation of the incoming data, exposing weaknesses that would never be reachable if the attacker cannot call the IOCTL directly.
405 CWE-782,EN-Exposed IOCTL with Insufficient Access Control (Type: Variant),"The software implements an IOCTL with functionality that should be restricted, but it does not properly enforce access control for the IOCTL.
406 When an IOCTL contains privileged functionality and is exposed unnecessarily, attackers may be able to access this functionality by invoking the IOCTL. Even if the functionality is benign, if the programmer has assumed that the IOCTL would only be accessed by a trusted process, there may be little or no validation of the incoming data, exposing weaknesses that would never be reachable if the attacker cannot call the IOCTL directly.
310407 The implementations of IOCTLs will differ between operating system types and versions, so the methods of attack and prevention may vary widely.",,Low to Medium,Securing Device Objects: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms794722.aspx
311 CWE-117,EN-Improper Output Neutralization for Logs (Type: Base),The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes output that is written to logs.,"This can allow an attacker to forge log entries or inject malicious content into logs.
408 CWE-117,EN-Improper Output Neutralization for Logs (Type: Base),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes output that is written to logs.
409 This can allow an attacker to forge log entries or inject malicious content into logs.
312410 Log forging vulnerabilities occur when:
313411 Data enters an application from an untrusted source.
314412 The data is written to an application or system log file.",,Medium,"Exploiting Software: How to Break Code
315413 The night the log was forged: http://doc.novsu.ac.ru/oreilly/tcpip/puis/ch10_05.htm
316414 OWASP TOP 10: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007"
317 CWE-124,EN-Buffer Underwrite (Buffer Underflow) (Type: Base),The software writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location prior to the beginning of the buffer.,"This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used.",,Medium,"Buffer UNDERFLOWS: What do you know about it?: http://seclists.org/vuln-dev/2004/Jan/0022.html
415 CWE-124,EN-Buffer Underwrite (Buffer Underflow) (Type: Base),"The software writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location prior to the beginning of the buffer.
416 This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used.",,Medium,"Buffer UNDERFLOWS: What do you know about it?: http://seclists.org/vuln-dev/2004/Jan/0022.html
318417 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
319 CWE-128,EN-Wrap-around Error (Type: Base),"Wrap around errors occur whenever a value is incremented past the maximum value for its type and therefore ""wraps around"" to a very small, negative, or undefined value.","This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
418 CWE-128,EN-Wrap-around Error (Type: Base),"Wrap around errors occur whenever a value is incremented past the maximum value for its type and therefore ""wraps around"" to a very small, negative, or undefined value.
419 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
320420 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Signed Integer Boundaries"", Page 220."
321 CWE-170,EN-Improper Null Termination (Type: Base),The software does not terminate or incorrectly terminates a string or array with a null character or equivalent terminator.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Medium,
322 CWE-190,EN-Integer Overflow or Wraparound (Type: Base),"The software performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound, when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This can introduce other weaknesses when the calculation is used for resource management or execution control.","An integer overflow or wraparound occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may wrap to become a very small or negative number. While this may be intended behavior in circumstances that rely on wrapping, it can have security consequences if the wrap is unexpected. This is especially the case if the integer overflow can be triggered using user-supplied inputs. This becomes security-critical when the result is used to control looping, make a security decision, or determine the offset or size in behaviors such as memory allocation, copying, concatenation, etc.",,Medium,"An overview of common programming security vulnerabilities and possible solutions: http://fort-knox.org/thesis.pdf
421 CWE-170,EN-Improper Null Termination (Type: Base),"The software does not terminate or incorrectly terminates a string or array with a null character or equivalent terminator.
422 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Medium,
423 CWE-190,EN-Integer Overflow or Wraparound (Type: Base),"The software performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound, when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This can introduce other weaknesses when the calculation is used for resource management or execution control.
424 An integer overflow or wraparound occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may wrap to become a very small or negative number. While this may be intended behavior in circumstances that rely on wrapping, it can have security consequences if the wrap is unexpected. This is especially the case if the integer overflow can be triggered using user-supplied inputs. This becomes security-critical when the result is used to control looping, make a security decision, or determine the offset or size in behaviors such as memory allocation, copying, concatenation, etc.",,Medium,"An overview of common programming security vulnerabilities and possible solutions: http://fort-knox.org/thesis.pdf
323425 Basic Integer Overflows: http://www.phrack.org/issues.html?issue=60&id=10#article
324426 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 20, ""Integer Overflows"" Page 620
325427 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 7: Integer Overflows."" Page 119
326428 SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
327429 Top 25 Series - Rank 17 - Integer Overflow Or Wraparound: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/18/top-25-series-rank-17-integer-overflow-or-wraparound
328430 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Signed Integer Boundaries"", Page 220."
329 CWE-196,EN-Unsigned to Signed Conversion Error (Type: Variant),An unsigned-to-signed conversion error takes place when a large unsigned primitive is used as a signed value.,It is dangerous to rely on implicit casts between signed and unsigned numbers because the result can take on an unexpected value and violate assumptions made by the program.,,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
330 CWE-202,EN-Exposure of Sensitive Data Through Data Queries (Type: Variant),"When trying to keep information confidential, an attacker can often infer some of the information by using statistics.","In situations where data should not be tied to individual users, but a large number of users should be able to make queries that ""scrub"" the identity of users, it may be possible to get information about a user -- e.g., by specifying search terms that are known to be unique to that user.",,Medium,
331 CWE-250,EN-Execution with Unnecessary Privileges (Type: Class),"The software performs an operation at a privilege level that is higher than the minimum level required, which creates new weaknesses or amplifies the consequences of other weaknesses.","New weaknesses can be exposed because running with extra privileges, such as root or Administrator, can disable the normal security checks being performed by the operating system or surrounding environment. Other pre-existing weaknesses can turn into security vulnerabilities if they occur while operating at raised privileges.
431 CWE-196,EN-Unsigned to Signed Conversion Error (Type: Variant),"An unsigned-to-signed conversion error takes place when a large unsigned primitive is used as a signed value.
432 It is dangerous to rely on implicit casts between signed and unsigned numbers because the result can take on an unexpected value and violate assumptions made by the program.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
433 CWE-202,EN-Exposure of Sensitive Data Through Data Queries (Type: Variant),"When trying to keep information confidential, an attacker can often infer some of the information by using statistics.
434 In situations where data should not be tied to individual users, but a large number of users should be able to make queries that ""scrub"" the identity of users, it may be possible to get information about a user -- e.g., by specifying search terms that are known to be unique to that user.",,Medium,
435 CWE-250,EN-Execution with Unnecessary Privileges (Type: Class),"The software performs an operation at a privilege level that is higher than the minimum level required, which creates new weaknesses or amplifies the consequences of other weaknesses.
436 New weaknesses can be exposed because running with extra privileges, such as root or Administrator, can disable the normal security checks being performed by the operating system or surrounding environment. Other pre-existing weaknesses can turn into security vulnerabilities if they occur while operating at raised privileges.
332437 Privilege management functions can behave in some less-than-obvious ways, and they have different quirks on different platforms. These inconsistencies are particularly pronounced if you are transitioning from one non-root user to another. Signal handlers and spawned processes run at the privilege of the owning process, so if a process is running as root when a signal fires or a sub-process is executed, the signal handler or sub-process will operate with root privileges.",,Medium,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
333438 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
334439 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 7, ""Running with Least Privilege"" Page 207
335440 Federal Desktop Core Configuration: http://nvd.nist.gov/fdcc/index.cfm
336441 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
337442 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Privilege Vulnerabilities"", Page 477."
338 CWE-269,EN-Improper Privilege Management (Type: Base),"The software does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.","Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
443 CWE-269,EN-Improper Privilege Management (Type: Base),"The software does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.
444 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
339445 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Dropping Privileges Permanently"", Page 479."
340 CWE-273,EN-Improper Check for Dropped Privileges (Type: Base),The software attempts to drop privileges but does not check or incorrectly checks to see if the drop succeeded.,"If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Medium,
341 CWE-276,EN-Incorrect Default Permissions (Type: Variant),"The software, upon installation, sets incorrect permissions for an object that exposes it to an unintended actor.","If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Insecure Defaults"", Page 69."
342 CWE-299,EN-Improper Check for Certificate Revocation (Type: Variant),"The software does not check or incorrectly checks the revocation status of a certificate, which may cause it to use a certificate that has been compromised.","An improper check for certificate revocation is a far more serious flaw than related certificate failures. This is because the use of any revoked certificate is almost certainly malicious. The most common reason for certificate revocation is compromise of the system in question, with the result that no legitimate servers will be using a revoked certificate, unless they are sorely out of sync.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
343 CWE-301,EN-Reflection Attack in an Authentication Protocol (Type: Variant),Simple authentication protocols are subject to reflection attacks if a malicious user can use the target machine to impersonate a trusted user.,"A mutual authentication protocol requires each party to respond to a random challenge by the other party by encrypting it with a pre-shared key. Often, however, such protocols employ the same pre-shared key for communication with a number of different entities. A malicious user or an attacker can easily compromise this protocol without possessing the correct key by employing a reflection attack on the protocol.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Insufficient Validation"", Page 38."
344 CWE-329,EN-Not Using a Random IV with CBC Mode (Type: Variant),Not using a random initialization Vector (IV) with Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) Mode causes algorithms to be susceptible to dictionary attacks.,"This weakness is especially dangerous when the hash is used in security algorithms that require the one-way property to hold. For example, if an authentication system takes an incoming password and generates a hash, then compares the hash to another hash that it has stored in its authentication database, then the ability to create a collision could allow an attacker to provide an alternate password that produces the same target hash, bypassing authentication.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Initialization Vectors"", Page 42."
345 CWE-332,EN-Insufficient Entropy in PRNG (Type: Variant),"The lack of entropy available for, or used by, a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) can be a stability and security threat.","When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Medium,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
346 CWE-338,EN-Use of Cryptographically Weak PRNG (Type: Base),"The product uses a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) in a security context, but the PRNG is not cryptographically strong.",The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
347 CWE-353,EN-Missing Support for Integrity Check (Type: Base),"The software uses a transmission protocol that does not include a mechanism for verifying the integrity of the data during transmission, such as a checksum.","If integrity check values or ""checksums"" are omitted from a protocol, there is no way of determining if data has been corrupted in transmission. The lack of checksum functionality in a protocol removes the first application-level check of data that can be used. The end-to-end philosophy of checks states that integrity checks should be performed at the lowest level that they can be completely implemented. Excluding further sanity checks and input validation performed by applications, the protocol's checksum is the most important level of checksum, since it can be performed more completely than at any previous level and takes into account entire messages, as opposed to single packets.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231"
348 CWE-354,EN-Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value (Type: Base),"The software does not validate or incorrectly validates the integrity check values or ""checksums"" of a message. This may prevent it from detecting if the data has been modified or corrupted in transmission.",Improper validation of checksums before use results in an unnecessary risk that can easily be mitigated. The protocol specification describes the algorithm used for calculating the checksum. It is then a simple matter of implementing the calculation and verifying that the calculated checksum and the received checksum match. Improper verification of the calculated checksum and the received checksum can lead to far greater consequences.,,Medium,
349 CWE-362,EN-Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (Race Condition) (Type: Class),"The program contains a code sequence that can run concurrently with other code, and the code sequence requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence that is operating concurrently.","This can have security implications when the expected synchronization is in security-critical code, such as recording whether a user is authenticated or modifying important state information that should not be influenced by an outsider.
446 CWE-273,EN-Improper Check for Dropped Privileges (Type: Base),"The software attempts to drop privileges but does not check or incorrectly checks to see if the drop succeeded.
447 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Medium,
448 CWE-276,EN-Incorrect Default Permissions (Type: Variant),"The software, upon installation, sets incorrect permissions for an object that exposes it to an unintended actor.
449 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Insecure Defaults"", Page 69."
450 CWE-299,EN-Improper Check for Certificate Revocation (Type: Variant),"The software does not check or incorrectly checks the revocation status of a certificate, which may cause it to use a certificate that has been compromised.
451 An improper check for certificate revocation is a far more serious flaw than related certificate failures. This is because the use of any revoked certificate is almost certainly malicious. The most common reason for certificate revocation is compromise of the system in question, with the result that no legitimate servers will be using a revoked certificate, unless they are sorely out of sync.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
452 CWE-301,EN-Reflection Attack in an Authentication Protocol (Type: Variant),"Simple authentication protocols are subject to reflection attacks if a malicious user can use the target machine to impersonate a trusted user.
453 A mutual authentication protocol requires each party to respond to a random challenge by the other party by encrypting it with a pre-shared key. Often, however, such protocols employ the same pre-shared key for communication with a number of different entities. A malicious user or an attacker can easily compromise this protocol without possessing the correct key by employing a reflection attack on the protocol.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Insufficient Validation"", Page 38."
454 CWE-329,EN-Not Using a Random IV with CBC Mode (Type: Variant),"Not using a random initialization Vector (IV) with Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) Mode causes algorithms to be susceptible to dictionary attacks.
455 This weakness is especially dangerous when the hash is used in security algorithms that require the one-way property to hold. For example, if an authentication system takes an incoming password and generates a hash, then compares the hash to another hash that it has stored in its authentication database, then the ability to create a collision could allow an attacker to provide an alternate password that produces the same target hash, bypassing authentication.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Initialization Vectors"", Page 42."
456 CWE-332,EN-Insufficient Entropy in PRNG (Type: Variant),"The lack of entropy available for, or used by, a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) can be a stability and security threat.
457 When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Medium,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
458 CWE-338,EN-Use of Cryptographically Weak PRNG (Type: Base),"The product uses a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) in a security context, but the PRNG is not cryptographically strong.
459 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
460 CWE-353,EN-Missing Support for Integrity Check (Type: Base),"The software uses a transmission protocol that does not include a mechanism for verifying the integrity of the data during transmission, such as a checksum.
461 If integrity check values or ""checksums"" are omitted from a protocol, there is no way of determining if data has been corrupted in transmission. The lack of checksum functionality in a protocol removes the first application-level check of data that can be used. The end-to-end philosophy of checks states that integrity checks should be performed at the lowest level that they can be completely implemented. Excluding further sanity checks and input validation performed by applications, the protocol's checksum is the most important level of checksum, since it can be performed more completely than at any previous level and takes into account entire messages, as opposed to single packets.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231"
462 CWE-354,EN-Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value (Type: Base),"The software does not validate or incorrectly validates the integrity check values or ""checksums"" of a message. This may prevent it from detecting if the data has been modified or corrupted in transmission.
463 Improper validation of checksums before use results in an unnecessary risk that can easily be mitigated. The protocol specification describes the algorithm used for calculating the checksum. It is then a simple matter of implementing the calculation and verifying that the calculated checksum and the received checksum match. Improper verification of the calculated checksum and the received checksum can lead to far greater consequences.",,Medium,
464 CWE-362,EN-Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (Race Condition) (Type: Class),"The program contains a code sequence that can run concurrently with other code, and the code sequence requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence that is operating concurrently.
465 This can have security implications when the expected synchronization is in security-critical code, such as recording whether a user is authenticated or modifying important state information that should not be influenced by an outsider.
350466 A race condition occurs within concurrent environments, and is effectively a property of a code sequence. Depending on the context, a code sequence may be in the form of a function call, a small number of instructions, a series of program invocations, etc.
351467 A race condition violates these properties, which are closely related:
352468 Exclusivity - the code sequence is given exclusive access to the shared resource, i.e., no other code sequence can modify properties of the shared resource before the original sequence has completed execution.
363479 Avoiding Race Conditions and Insecure File Operations: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Security/Conceptual/SecureCodingGuide/Articles/RaceConditions.html
364480 Top 25 Series - Rank 25 - Race Conditions: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/26/top-25-series-rank-25-race-conditions/
365481 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
366 CWE-364,EN-Signal Handler Race Condition (Type: Base),The software uses a signal handler that introduces a race condition.,"Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
482 CWE-364,EN-Signal Handler Race Condition (Type: Base),"The software uses a signal handler that introduces a race condition.
483 Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
367484 These issues occur when non-reentrant functions, or state-sensitive actions occur in the signal handler, where they may be called at any time. These behaviors can violate assumptions being made by the ""regular"" code that is interrupted, or by other signal handlers that may also be invoked. If these functions are called at an inopportune moment - such as while a non-reentrant function is already running - memory corruption could occur that may be exploitable for code execution. Another signal race condition commonly found occurs when free is called within a signal handler, resulting in a double free and therefore a write-what-where condition. Even if a given pointer is set to NULL after it has been freed, a race condition still exists between the time the memory was freed and the pointer was set to NULL. This is especially problematic if the same signal handler has been set for more than one signal -- since it means that the signal handler itself may be reentered.
368485 There are several known behaviors related to signal handlers that have received the label of ""signal handler race condition"":
369486 Shared state (e.g. global data or static variables) that are accessible to both a signal handler and ""regular"" code
380497 Race Condition: Signal Handling: http://www.fortify.com/vulncat/en/vulncat/cpp/race_condition_signal_handling.html
381498 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205
382499 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Signal Vulnerabilities"", Page 791."
383 CWE-365,EN-Race Condition in Switch (Type: Base),"The code contains a switch statement in which the switched variable can be modified while the switch is still executing, resulting in unexpected behavior.","Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
500 CWE-365,EN-Race Condition in Switch (Type: Base),"The code contains a switch statement in which the switched variable can be modified while the switch is still executing, resulting in unexpected behavior.
501 Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
384502 These issues occur when non-reentrant functions, or state-sensitive actions occur in the signal handler, where they may be called at any time. These behaviors can violate assumptions being made by the ""regular"" code that is interrupted, or by other signal handlers that may also be invoked. If these functions are called at an inopportune moment - such as while a non-reentrant function is already running - memory corruption could occur that may be exploitable for code execution. Another signal race condition commonly found occurs when free is called within a signal handler, resulting in a double free and therefore a write-what-where condition. Even if a given pointer is set to NULL after it has been freed, a race condition still exists between the time the memory was freed and the pointer was set to NULL. This is especially problematic if the same signal handler has been set for more than one signal -- since it means that the signal handler itself may be reentered.
385503 There are several known behaviors related to signal handlers that have received the label of ""signal handler race condition"":
386504 Shared state (e.g. global data or static variables) that are accessible to both a signal handler and ""regular"" code
394512 Using synchronization in the signal handler
395513 Using synchronization in the regular code
396514 Disabling or masking other signals, which provides atomicity (which effectively ensures exclusivity)",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
397 CWE-366,EN-Race Condition within a Thread (Type: Base),"If two threads of execution use a resource simultaneously, there exists the possibility that resources may be used while invalid, in turn making the state of execution undefined.","Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
515 CWE-366,EN-Race Condition within a Thread (Type: Base),"If two threads of execution use a resource simultaneously, there exists the possibility that resources may be used while invalid, in turn making the state of execution undefined.
516 Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
398517 These issues occur when non-reentrant functions, or state-sensitive actions occur in the signal handler, where they may be called at any time. These behaviors can violate assumptions being made by the ""regular"" code that is interrupted, or by other signal handlers that may also be invoked. If these functions are called at an inopportune moment - such as while a non-reentrant function is already running - memory corruption could occur that may be exploitable for code execution. Another signal race condition commonly found occurs when free is called within a signal handler, resulting in a double free and therefore a write-what-where condition. Even if a given pointer is set to NULL after it has been freed, a race condition still exists between the time the memory was freed and the pointer was set to NULL. This is especially problematic if the same signal handler has been set for more than one signal -- since it means that the signal handler itself may be reentered.
399518 There are several known behaviors related to signal handlers that have received the label of ""signal handler race condition"":
400519 Shared state (e.g. global data or static variables) that are accessible to both a signal handler and ""regular"" code
409528 Using synchronization in the regular code
410529 Disabling or masking other signals, which provides atomicity (which effectively ensures exclusivity)",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205
411530 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Race Conditions"", Page 759."
412 CWE-369,EN-Divide By Zero (Type: Base),The product divides a value by zero.,"This weakness typically occurs when an unexpected value is provided to the product, or if an error occurs that is not properly detected. It frequently occurs in calculations involving physical dimensions such as size, length, width, and height.",,Medium,"No description: http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/exceptions.html
531 CWE-369,EN-Divide By Zero (Type: Base),"The product divides a value by zero.
532 This weakness typically occurs when an unexpected value is provided to the product, or if an error occurs that is not properly detected. It frequently occurs in calculations involving physical dimensions such as size, length, width, and height.",,Medium,"No description: http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/exceptions.html
413533 No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms173160(VS.80).aspx"
414 CWE-370,EN-Missing Check for Certificate Revocation after Initial Check (Type: Base),"The software does not check the revocation status of a certificate after its initial revocation check, which can cause the software to perform privileged actions even after the certificate is revoked at a later time.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
415 CWE-374,EN-Passing Mutable Objects to an Untrusted Method (Type: Base),"Sending non-cloned mutable data as an argument may result in that data being altered or deleted by the called function, thereby putting the calling function into an undefined state.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,"Does Java pass by reference or pass by value?: http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javaqa/2000-05/03-qa-0526-pass.html
534 CWE-370,EN-Missing Check for Certificate Revocation after Initial Check (Type: Base),"The software does not check the revocation status of a certificate after its initial revocation check, which can cause the software to perform privileged actions even after the certificate is revoked at a later time.
535 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
536 CWE-374,EN-Passing Mutable Objects to an Untrusted Method (Type: Base),"Sending non-cloned mutable data as an argument may result in that data being altered or deleted by the called function, thereby putting the calling function into an undefined state.
537 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,"Does Java pass by reference or pass by value?: http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javaqa/2000-05/03-qa-0526-pass.html
416538 Java: The Complete Reference, J2SE 5th Edition"
417 CWE-375,EN-Returning a Mutable Object to an Untrusted Caller (Type: Base),"Sending non-cloned mutable data as a return value may result in that data being altered or deleted by the calling function, thereby putting the class in an undefined state.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,
418 CWE-385,EN-Covert Timing Channel (Type: Base),"Covert timing channels convey information by modulating some aspect of system behavior over time, so that the program receiving the information can observe system behavior and infer protected information.","In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
539 CWE-375,EN-Returning a Mutable Object to an Untrusted Caller (Type: Base),"Sending non-cloned mutable data as a return value may result in that data being altered or deleted by the calling function, thereby putting the class in an undefined state.
540 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,
541 CWE-385,EN-Covert Timing Channel (Type: Base),"Covert timing channels convey information by modulating some aspect of system behavior over time, so that the program receiving the information can observe system behavior and infer protected information.
542 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
419543 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Medium,
420 CWE-390,EN-Detection of Error Condition Without Action (Type: Class),"The software detects a specific error, but takes no actions to handle the error.","In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
544 CWE-390,EN-Detection of Error Condition Without Action (Type: Class),"The software detects a specific error, but takes no actions to handle the error.
545 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
421546 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183"
422 CWE-391,EN-Unchecked Error Condition (Type: Base),Ignoring exceptions and other error conditions may allow an attacker to induce unexpected behavior unnoticed.,"In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
547 CWE-391,EN-Unchecked Error Condition (Type: Base),"Ignoring exceptions and other error conditions may allow an attacker to induce unexpected behavior unnoticed.
548 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
423549 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Medium,
424 CWE-401,EN-Improper Release of Memory Before Removing Last Reference (Memory Leak) (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently track and release allocated memory after it has been used, which slowly consumes remaining memory.",This is often triggered by improper handling of malformed data or unexpectedly interrupted sessions.,,Medium,How to Break Software Security
425 CWE-460,EN-Improper Cleanup on Thrown Exception (Type: Variant),"The product does not clean up its state or incorrectly cleans up its state when an exception is thrown, leading to unexpected state or control flow.","In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Medium,
426 CWE-468,EN-Incorrect Pointer Scaling (Type: Base),"In C and C++, one may often accidentally refer to the wrong memory due to the semantics of when math operations are implicitly scaled.","Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Pointer Arithmetic"", Page 277."
427 CWE-469,EN-Use of Pointer Subtraction to Determine Size (Type: Base),"The application subtracts one pointer from another in order to determine size, but this calculation can be incorrect if the pointers do not exist in the same memory chunk.","Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Medium,
428 CWE-476,EN-NULL Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"A NULL pointer dereference occurs when the application dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid, but is NULL, typically causing a crash or exit.","NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Medium,
429 CWE-484,EN-Omitted Break Statement in Switch (Type: Base),"The program omits a break statement within a switch or similar construct, causing code associated with multiple conditions to execute. This can cause problems when the programmer only intended to execute code associated with one condition.",This can lead to critical code executing in situations where it should not.,,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Switch Statements"", Page 337."
430 CWE-487,EN-Reliance on Package-level Scope (Type: Variant),"Java packages are not inherently closed; therefore, relying on them for code security is not a good practice.","If the decision to trust the methods and data of an object is based on the name of a class, it is possible for malicious users to send objects of the same name as trusted classes and thereby gain the trust afforded to known classes and types.",,Medium,
431 CWE-492,EN-Use of Inner Class Containing Sensitive Data (Type: Variant),Inner classes are translated into classes that are accessible at package scope and may expose code that the programmer intended to keep private to attackers.,"Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
550 CWE-401,EN-Improper Release of Memory Before Removing Last Reference (Memory Leak) (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently track and release allocated memory after it has been used, which slowly consumes remaining memory.
551 This is often triggered by improper handling of malformed data or unexpectedly interrupted sessions.",,Medium,How to Break Software Security
552 CWE-460,EN-Improper Cleanup on Thrown Exception (Type: Variant),"The product does not clean up its state or incorrectly cleans up its state when an exception is thrown, leading to unexpected state or control flow.
553 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Medium,
554 CWE-468,EN-Incorrect Pointer Scaling (Type: Base),"In C and C++, one may often accidentally refer to the wrong memory due to the semantics of when math operations are implicitly scaled.
555 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Pointer Arithmetic"", Page 277."
556 CWE-469,EN-Use of Pointer Subtraction to Determine Size (Type: Base),"The application subtracts one pointer from another in order to determine size, but this calculation can be incorrect if the pointers do not exist in the same memory chunk.
557 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Medium,
558 CWE-476,EN-NULL Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"A NULL pointer dereference occurs when the application dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid, but is NULL, typically causing a crash or exit.
559 NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Medium,
560 CWE-484,EN-Omitted Break Statement in Switch (Type: Base),"The program omits a break statement within a switch or similar construct, causing code associated with multiple conditions to execute. This can cause problems when the programmer only intended to execute code associated with one condition.
561 This can lead to critical code executing in situations where it should not.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Switch Statements"", Page 337."
562 CWE-487,EN-Reliance on Package-level Scope (Type: Variant),"Java packages are not inherently closed; therefore, relying on them for code security is not a good practice.
563 If the decision to trust the methods and data of an object is based on the name of a class, it is possible for malicious users to send objects of the same name as trusted classes and thereby gain the trust afforded to known classes and types.",,Medium,
564 CWE-492,EN-Use of Inner Class Containing Sensitive Data (Type: Variant),"Inner classes are translated into classes that are accessible at package scope and may expose code that the programmer intended to keep private to attackers.
565 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
432566 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Medium,
433 CWE-494,EN-Download of Code Without Integrity Check (Type: Base),The product downloads source code or an executable from a remote location and executes the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code.,"An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Medium,"Introduction to Code Signing: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537361(VS.85).aspx
567 CWE-494,EN-Download of Code Without Integrity Check (Type: Base),"The product downloads source code or an executable from a remote location and executes the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code.
568 An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Medium,"Introduction to Code Signing: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537361(VS.85).aspx
434569 Authenticode: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537359(v=VS.85).aspx
435570 Code Signing Guide: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Security/Conceptual/CodeSigningGuide/Introduction/chapter_1_section_1.html
436571 Secure Software Updates: Disappointments and New Challenges: http://prisms.cs.umass.edu/~kevinfu/papers/secureupdates-hotsec06.pdf
437572 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 18: The Sins of Mobile Code."" Page 267
438573 Top 25 Series - Rank 20 - Download of Code Without Integrity Check: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/04/05/top-25-series-rank-20-download-code-integrity-check/
439574 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
440 CWE-498,EN-Cloneable Class Containing Sensitive Information (Type: Variant),"The code contains a class with sensitive data, but the class is cloneable. The data can then be accessed by cloning the class.","Cloneable classes are effectively open classes, since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny cloning can be cloned by any other class without running the constructor.",,Medium,
441 CWE-502,EN-Deserialization of Untrusted Data (Type: Variant),The application deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently verifying that the resulting data will be valid.,"It is often convenient to serialize objects for communication or to save them for later use. However, deserialized data or code can often be modified without using the provided accessor functions if it does not use cryptography to protect itself. Furthermore, any cryptography would still be client-side security -- which is a dangerous security assumption.
575 CWE-498,EN-Cloneable Class Containing Sensitive Information (Type: Variant),"The code contains a class with sensitive data, but the class is cloneable. The data can then be accessed by cloning the class.
576 Cloneable classes are effectively open classes, since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny cloning can be cloned by any other class without running the constructor.",,Medium,
577 CWE-502,EN-Deserialization of Untrusted Data (Type: Variant),"The application deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently verifying that the resulting data will be valid.
578 It is often convenient to serialize objects for communication or to save them for later use. However, deserialized data or code can often be modified without using the provided accessor functions if it does not use cryptography to protect itself. Furthermore, any cryptography would still be client-side security -- which is a dangerous security assumption.
442579 Data that is untrusted can not be trusted to be well-formed.",,Medium,"Unserializing user-supplied data, a bad idea: http://heine.familiedeelstra.com/security/unserialize
443580 Why Python Pickle is Insecure: http://nadiana.com/python-pickle-insecure"
444 CWE-532,EN-Information Exposure Through Log Files (Type: Variant),Information written to log files can be of a sensitive nature and give valuable guidance to an attacker or expose sensitive user information.,"While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Medium,
445 CWE-602,EN-Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security (Type: Base),The software is composed of a server that relies on the client to implement a mechanism that is intended to protect the server.,"When the server relies on protection mechanisms placed on the client side, an attacker can modify the client-side behavior to bypass the protection mechanisms resulting in potentially unexpected interactions between the client and server. The consequences will vary, depending on what the mechanisms are trying to protect.",,Medium,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 23, ""Client-Side Security Is an Oxymoron"" Page 687"
446 CWE-665,EN-Improper Initialization (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize or incorrectly initializes a resource, which might leave the resource in an unexpected state when it is accessed or used.","This can have security implications when the associated resource is expected to have certain properties or values, such as a variable that determines whether a user has been authenticated or not.",,Medium,"Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
581 CWE-532,EN-Information Exposure Through Log Files (Type: Variant),"Information written to log files can be of a sensitive nature and give valuable guidance to an attacker or expose sensitive user information.
582 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Medium,
583 CWE-602,EN-Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security (Type: Base),"The software is composed of a server that relies on the client to implement a mechanism that is intended to protect the server.
584 When the server relies on protection mechanisms placed on the client side, an attacker can modify the client-side behavior to bypass the protection mechanisms resulting in potentially unexpected interactions between the client and server. The consequences will vary, depending on what the mechanisms are trying to protect.",,Medium,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 23, ""Client-Side Security Is an Oxymoron"" Page 687"
585 CWE-665,EN-Improper Initialization (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize or incorrectly initializes a resource, which might leave the resource in an unexpected state when it is accessed or used.
586 This can have security implications when the associated resource is expected to have certain properties or values, such as a variable that determines whether a user has been authenticated or not.",,Medium,"Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
447587 MS08-014 : The Case of the Uninitialized Stack Variable Vulnerability: http://blogs.technet.com/swi/archive/2008/03/11/the-case-of-the-uninitialized-stack-variable-vulnerability.aspx
448588 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
449 CWE-754,EN-Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),The software does not check or improperly checks for unusual or exceptional conditions that are not expected to occur frequently during day to day operation of the software.,"The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
589 CWE-754,EN-Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),"The software does not check or improperly checks for unusual or exceptional conditions that are not expected to occur frequently during day to day operation of the software.
590 The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
450591 Note that this entry is not exclusively about the use of exceptions and exception handling, which are mechanisms for both checking and handling unusual or unexpected conditions.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Program Building Blocks"" Page 341
451592 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 1, ""Exceptional Conditions,"" Page 22
452593 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183
453594 Top 25 Series - Rank 15 - Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/15/top-25-series-rank-15-improper-check-for-unusual-or-exceptional-conditions/"
454 CWE-778,EN-Insufficient Logging (Type: Base),"When a security-critical event occurs, the software either does not record the event or omits important details about the event when logging it.","When security-critical events are not logged properly, such as a failed login attempt, this can make malicious behavior more difficult to detect and may hinder forensic analysis after an attack succeeds.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Accountability"", Page 40."
455 CWE-780,EN-Use of RSA Algorithm without OAEP (Type: Variant),"The software uses the RSA algorithm but does not incorporate Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP), which might weaken the encryption.",Padding schemes are often used with cryptographic algorithms to make the plaintext less predictable and complicate attack efforts. The OAEP scheme is often used with RSA to nullify the impact of predictable common text.,,Medium,"RSA Problem: http://people.csail.mit.edu/rivest/RivestKaliski-RSAProblem.pdf
595 CWE-778,EN-Insufficient Logging (Type: Base),"When a security-critical event occurs, the software either does not record the event or omits important details about the event when logging it.
596 When security-critical events are not logged properly, such as a failed login attempt, this can make malicious behavior more difficult to detect and may hinder forensic analysis after an attack succeeds.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Accountability"", Page 40."
597 CWE-780,EN-Use of RSA Algorithm without OAEP (Type: Variant),"The software uses the RSA algorithm but does not incorporate Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP), which might weaken the encryption.
598 Padding schemes are often used with cryptographic algorithms to make the plaintext less predictable and complicate attack efforts. The OAEP scheme is often used with RSA to nullify the impact of predictable common text.",,Medium,"RSA Problem: http://people.csail.mit.edu/rivest/RivestKaliski-RSAProblem.pdf
456599 Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_Asymmetric_Encryption_Padding"
457 CWE-908,EN-Use of Uninitialized Resource (Type: Base),The software uses a resource that has not been properly initialized.,This can have security implications when the associated resource is expected to have certain properties or values.,,Medium,Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
458 CWE-909,EN-Missing Initialization of Resource (Type: Base),The software does not initialize a critical resource.,"Many resources require initialization before they can be properly used. If a resource is not initialized, it could contain unpredictable or expired data, or it could be initialized to defaults that are invalid. This can have security implications when the resource is expected to have certain properties or values.",,Medium,
459 CWE-910,EN-Use of Expired File Descriptor (Type: Base),The software uses or accesses a file descriptor after it has been closed.,"After a file descriptor for a particular file or device has been released, it can be reused. The code might not write to the original file, since the reused file descriptor might reference a different file or device.",,Medium,
460 CWE-911,EN-Improper Update of Reference Count (Type: Base),"The software uses a reference count to manage a resource, but it does not update or incorrectly updates the reference count.","Reference counts can be used when tracking how many objects contain a reference to a particular resource, such as in memory management or garbage collection. When the reference count reaches zero, the resource can be de-allocated or reused because there are no more objects that use it. If the reference count accidentally reaches zero, then the resource might be released too soon, even though it is still in use. If all objects no longer use the resource, but the reference count is not zero, then the resource might not ever be released.",,Medium,Windows Kernel Reference Count Vulnerabilities - Case Study: http://j00ru.vexillium.org/dump/zn_slides.pdf
461 CWE-94,EN-Improper Control of Generation of Code (Code Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.","When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution.
600 CWE-908,EN-Use of Uninitialized Resource (Type: Base),"The software uses a resource that has not been properly initialized.
601 This can have security implications when the associated resource is expected to have certain properties or values.",,Medium,Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
602 CWE-909,EN-Missing Initialization of Resource (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize a critical resource.
603 Many resources require initialization before they can be properly used. If a resource is not initialized, it could contain unpredictable or expired data, or it could be initialized to defaults that are invalid. This can have security implications when the resource is expected to have certain properties or values.",,Medium,
604 CWE-910,EN-Use of Expired File Descriptor (Type: Base),"The software uses or accesses a file descriptor after it has been closed.
605 After a file descriptor for a particular file or device has been released, it can be reused. The code might not write to the original file, since the reused file descriptor might reference a different file or device.",,Medium,
606 CWE-911,EN-Improper Update of Reference Count (Type: Base),"The software uses a reference count to manage a resource, but it does not update or incorrectly updates the reference count.
607 Reference counts can be used when tracking how many objects contain a reference to a particular resource, such as in memory management or garbage collection. When the reference count reaches zero, the resource can be de-allocated or reused because there are no more objects that use it. If the reference count accidentally reaches zero, then the resource might be released too soon, even though it is still in use. If all objects no longer use the resource, but the reference count is not zero, then the resource might not ever be released.",,Medium,Windows Kernel Reference Count Vulnerabilities - Case Study: http://j00ru.vexillium.org/dump/zn_slides.pdf
608 CWE-94,EN-Improper Control of Generation of Code (Code Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
609 When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution.
462610 Injection problems encompass a wide variety of issues -- all mitigated in very different ways. For this reason, the most effective way to discuss these weaknesses is to note the distinct features which classify them as injection weaknesses. The most important issue to note is that all injection problems share one thing in common -- i.e., they allow for the injection of control plane data into the user-controlled data plane. This means that the execution of the process may be altered by sending code in through legitimate data channels, using no other mechanism. While buffer overflows, and many other flaws, involve the use of some further issue to gain execution, injection problems need only for the data to be parsed. The most classic instantiations of this category of weakness are SQL injection and format string vulnerabilities.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 3: Web-Client Related Vulnerabilities (XSS)."" Page 63"
463 CWE-95,EN-Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code (Eval Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. ""eval"").","This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Medium,"No description: http://www.rubycentral.com/book/taint.html
611 CWE-95,EN-Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code (Eval Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. ""eval"").
612 This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Medium,"No description: http://www.rubycentral.com/book/taint.html
464613 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 18, ""Inline Evaluation"", Page 1095."
465 CWE-287,EN-Improper Authentication (Type: Class),"When an actor claims to have a given identity, the software does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.",Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.,,Medium to High,"Weak Password Brings 'Happiness' to Twitter Hacker: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/01/professed-twitt/
614 CWE-287,EN-Improper Authentication (Type: Class),"When an actor claims to have a given identity, the software does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
615 Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.",,Medium to High,"Weak Password Brings 'Happiness' to Twitter Hacker: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/01/professed-twitt/
466616 Top 10 2007-Broken Authentication and Session Management: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007-A7
467617 Guide to Authentication: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Guide_to_Authentication
468618 Authentication: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa374735(VS.85).aspx
469619 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 4, ""Authentication"" Page 109"
470 CWE-306,EN-Missing Authentication for Critical Function (Type: Variant),The software does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.,"Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authentication,"" Page 36
620 CWE-306,EN-Missing Authentication for Critical Function (Type: Variant),"The software does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
621 Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authentication,"" Page 36
471622 Top 25 Series - Rank 19 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/02/23/top-25-series-rank-19-missing-authentication-for-critical-function/
472623 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
473 CWE-319,EN-Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information (Type: Base),The software transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.,"Many communication channels can be ""sniffed"" by attackers during data transmission. For example, network traffic can often be sniffed by any attacker who has access to a network interface. This significantly lowers the difficulty of exploitation by attackers.",,Medium to High,"Top 10 2007-Insecure Communications: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007-A9
624 CWE-319,EN-Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information (Type: Base),"The software transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.
625 Many communication channels can be ""sniffed"" by attackers during data transmission. For example, network traffic can often be sniffed by any attacker who has access to a network interface. This significantly lowers the difficulty of exploitation by attackers.",,Medium to High,"Top 10 2007-Insecure Communications: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007-A9
474626 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
475627 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 22: Failing to Protect Network Traffic."" Page 337
476628 Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/"
477 CWE-327,EN-Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm (Type: Base),The use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm is an unnecessary risk that may result in the exposure of sensitive information.,The use of a non-standard algorithm is dangerous because a determined attacker may be able to break the algorithm and compromise whatever data has been protected. Well-known techniques may exist to break the algorithm.,,Medium to High,"Applied Cryptography: http://www.schneier.com/book-applied.html
629 CWE-327,EN-Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm (Type: Base),"The use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm is an unnecessary risk that may result in the exposure of sensitive information.
630 The use of a non-standard algorithm is dangerous because a determined attacker may be able to break the algorithm and compromise whatever data has been protected. Well-known techniques may exist to break the algorithm.",,Medium to High,"Applied Cryptography: http://www.schneier.com/book-applied.html
478631 Handbook of Applied Cryptography: http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/
479632 Avoiding bogus encryption products: Snake Oil FAQ: http://www.faqs.org/faqs/cryptography-faq/snake-oil/
480633 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
483636 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 21: Using the Wrong Cryptography."" Page 315
484637 Top 25 Series - Rank 24 - Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/25/top-25-series-rank-24-use-of-a-broken-or-risky-cryptographic-algorithm/
485638 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Insufficient or Obsolete Encryption"", Page 44."
486 CWE-330,EN-Use of Insufficiently Random Values (Type: Class),The software may use insufficiently random numbers or values in a security context that depends on unpredictable numbers.,"When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Medium to High,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
639 CWE-330,EN-Use of Insufficiently Random Values (Type: Class),"The software may use insufficiently random numbers or values in a security context that depends on unpredictable numbers.
640 When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Medium to High,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
487641 Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
488642 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 8, ""Using Poor Random Numbers"" Page 259
489643 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
490 CWE-400,EN-Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (Resource Exhaustion) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly restrict the size or amount of resources that are requested or influenced by an actor, which can be used to consume more resources than intended.","Limited resources include memory, file system storage, database connection pool entries, or CPU. If an attacker can trigger the allocation of these limited resources, but the number or size of the resources is not controlled, then the attacker could cause a denial of service that consumes all available resources. This would prevent valid users from accessing the software, and it could potentially have an impact on the surrounding environment. For example, a memory exhaustion attack against an application could slow down the application as well as its host operating system.
644 CWE-400,EN-Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (Resource Exhaustion) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly restrict the size or amount of resources that are requested or influenced by an actor, which can be used to consume more resources than intended.
645 Limited resources include memory, file system storage, database connection pool entries, or CPU. If an attacker can trigger the allocation of these limited resources, but the number or size of the resources is not controlled, then the attacker could cause a denial of service that consumes all available resources. This would prevent valid users from accessing the software, and it could potentially have an impact on the surrounding environment. For example, a memory exhaustion attack against an application could slow down the application as well as its host operating system.
491646 Resource exhaustion problems have at least two common causes:
492647 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances
493648 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for releasing the resource",,Medium to High,"Detection and Prediction of Resource-Exhaustion Vulnerabilities: http://homepages.di.fc.ul.pt/~nuno/PAPERS/ISSRE08.pdf
494649 Resource exhaustion: http://cr.yp.to/docs/resources.html
495650 Resource exhaustion: http://homes.cerias.purdue.edu/~pmeunier/secprog/sanitized/class1/6.resource%20exhaustion.ppt
496651 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 17, ""Protecting Against Denial of Service Attacks"" Page 517"
497 CWE-434,EN-Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (Type: Base),The software allows the attacker to upload or transfer files of dangerous types that can be automatically processed within the product's environment.,"If code is stored in a file with an extension such as "".inc"" or "".pl"", and the web server does not have a handler for that extension, then the server will likely send the contents of the file directly to the requester without the pre-processing that was expected. When that file contains sensitive information such as database credentials, this may allow the attacker to compromise the application or associated components.",,Medium to High,"Dynamic File Uploads, Security and You: http://shsc.info/FileUploadSecurity
652 CWE-434,EN-Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (Type: Base),"The software allows the attacker to upload or transfer files of dangerous types that can be automatically processed within the product's environment.
653 If code is stored in a file with an extension such as "".inc"" or "".pl"", and the web server does not have a handler for that extension, then the server will likely send the contents of the file directly to the requester without the pre-processing that was expected. When that file contains sensitive information such as database credentials, this may allow the attacker to compromise the application or associated components.",,Medium to High,"Dynamic File Uploads, Security and You: http://shsc.info/FileUploadSecurity
498654 8 Basic Rules to Implement Secure File Uploads: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2009/12/28/8-basic-rules-to-implement-secure-file-uploads/
499655 Top 25 Series - Rank 8 - Unrestricted Upload of Dangerous File Type: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/02/25/top-25-series-rank-8-unrestricted-upload-of-dangerous-file-type/
500656 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
501657 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""File Uploading"", Page 1068."
502 CWE-64,EN-Windows Shortcut Following (.LNK) (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently handle when the file is a Windows shortcut (.LNK) whose target is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.",The shortcut (file with the .lnk extension) can permit an attacker to read/write a file that they originally did not have permissions to access.,,Medium to High,
503 CWE-681,EN-Incorrect Conversion between Numeric Types (Type: Base),"When converting from one data type to another, such as long to integer, data can be omitted or translated in a way that produces unexpected values. If the resulting values are used in a sensitive context, then dangerous behaviors may occur.","Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
504 CWE-732,EN-Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource (Type: Class),The software specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.,"When a resource is given a permissions setting that provides access to a wider range of actors than required, it could lead to the exposure of sensitive information, or the modification of that resource by unintended parties. This is especially dangerous when the resource is related to program configuration, execution or sensitive user data.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""File Permissions."" Page 495.
658 CWE-64,EN-Windows Shortcut Following (.LNK) (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently handle when the file is a Windows shortcut (.LNK) whose target is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.
659 The shortcut (file with the .lnk extension) can permit an attacker to read/write a file that they originally did not have permissions to access.",,Medium to High,
660 CWE-681,EN-Incorrect Conversion between Numeric Types (Type: Base),"When converting from one data type to another, such as long to integer, data can be omitted or translated in a way that produces unexpected values. If the resulting values are used in a sensitive context, then dangerous behaviors may occur.
661 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
662 CWE-732,EN-Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource (Type: Class),"The software specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.
663 When a resource is given a permissions setting that provides access to a wider range of actors than required, it could lead to the exposure of sensitive information, or the modification of that resource by unintended parties. This is especially dangerous when the resource is related to program configuration, execution or sensitive user data.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""File Permissions."" Page 495.
505664 Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way: Chapter 8, ""Access Control."" Page 194.
506665 Top 25 Series - Rank 21 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Response: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/24/top-25-series-rank-21-incorrect-permission-assignment-for-critical-response
507666 Federal Desktop Core Configuration: http://nvd.nist.gov/fdcc/index.cfm"
508 CWE-770,EN-Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling (Type: Base),"The software allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any restrictions on how many resources can be allocated, in violation of the intended security policy for that actor.","Command injection vulnerabilities typically occur when:
667 CWE-770,EN-Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling (Type: Base),"The software allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any restrictions on how many resources can be allocated, in violation of the intended security policy for that actor.
668 Command injection vulnerabilities typically occur when:
509669 1. Data enters the application from an untrusted source.
510670 2. The data is part of a string that is executed as a command by the application.
511671 3. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Medium to High,"Real-Life Example of a 'Business Logic Defect' (Screen Shots!): http://h30501.www3.hp.com/t5/Following-the-White-Rabbit-A/Real-Life-Example-of-a-Business-Logic-Defect-Screen-Shots/ba-p/22581
515675 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 17, ""Protecting Against Denial of Service Attacks"" Page 517
516676 Top 25 Series - Rank 22 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/23/top-25-series-rank-22-allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling/
517677 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
518 CWE-771,EN-Missing Reference to Active Allocated Resource (Type: Base),"The software does not properly maintain a reference to a resource that has been allocated, which prevents the resource from being reclaimed.","This does not necessarily apply in languages or frameworks that automatically perform garbage collection, since the removal of all references may act as a signal that the resource is ready to be reclaimed.",,Medium to High,
519 CWE-772,EN-Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime (Type: Base),"The software does not release a resource after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the resource is no longer needed.","When a resource is not released after use, it can allow attackers to cause a denial of service.",,Medium to High,
520 CWE-773,EN-Missing Reference to Active File Descriptor or Handle (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly maintain references to a file descriptor or handle, which prevents that file descriptor/handle from being reclaimed.","This can cause the software to consume all available file descriptors or handles, which can prevent other processes from performing critical file processing operations.",,Medium to High,
521 CWE-774,EN-Allocation of File Descriptors or Handles Without Limits or Throttling (Type: Variant),"The software allocates file descriptors or handles on behalf of an actor without imposing any restrictions on how many descriptors can be allocated, in violation of the intended security policy for that actor.","This can cause the software to consume all available file descriptors or handles, which can prevent other processes from performing critical file processing operations.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
522 CWE-775,EN-Missing Release of File Descriptor or Handle after Effective Lifetime (Type: Variant),"The software does not release a file descriptor or handle after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the file descriptor/handle is no longer needed.","When a file descriptor or handle is not released after use (typically by explicitly closing it), attackers can cause a denial of service by consuming all available file descriptors/handles, or otherwise preventing other system processes from obtaining their own file descriptors/handles.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""File Descriptor Leaks"", Page 582."
523 CWE-804,EN-Guessable CAPTCHA (Type: Base),"The software uses a CAPTCHA challenge, but the challenge can be guessed or automatically recognized by a non-human actor.","An automated attacker could bypass the intended protection of the CAPTCHA challenge and perform actions at a higher frequency than humanly possible, such as launching spam attacks.
678 CWE-771,EN-Missing Reference to Active Allocated Resource (Type: Base),"The software does not properly maintain a reference to a resource that has been allocated, which prevents the resource from being reclaimed.
679 This does not necessarily apply in languages or frameworks that automatically perform garbage collection, since the removal of all references may act as a signal that the resource is ready to be reclaimed.",,Medium to High,
680 CWE-772,EN-Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime (Type: Base),"The software does not release a resource after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the resource is no longer needed.
681 When a resource is not released after use, it can allow attackers to cause a denial of service.",,Medium to High,
682 CWE-773,EN-Missing Reference to Active File Descriptor or Handle (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly maintain references to a file descriptor or handle, which prevents that file descriptor/handle from being reclaimed.
683 This can cause the software to consume all available file descriptors or handles, which can prevent other processes from performing critical file processing operations.",,Medium to High,
684 CWE-774,EN-Allocation of File Descriptors or Handles Without Limits or Throttling (Type: Variant),"The software allocates file descriptors or handles on behalf of an actor without imposing any restrictions on how many descriptors can be allocated, in violation of the intended security policy for that actor.
685 This can cause the software to consume all available file descriptors or handles, which can prevent other processes from performing critical file processing operations.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
686 CWE-775,EN-Missing Release of File Descriptor or Handle after Effective Lifetime (Type: Variant),"The software does not release a file descriptor or handle after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the file descriptor/handle is no longer needed.
687 When a file descriptor or handle is not released after use (typically by explicitly closing it), attackers can cause a denial of service by consuming all available file descriptors/handles, or otherwise preventing other system processes from obtaining their own file descriptors/handles.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""File Descriptor Leaks"", Page 582."
688 CWE-804,EN-Guessable CAPTCHA (Type: Base),"The software uses a CAPTCHA challenge, but the challenge can be guessed or automatically recognized by a non-human actor.
689 An automated attacker could bypass the intended protection of the CAPTCHA challenge and perform actions at a higher frequency than humanly possible, such as launching spam attacks.
524690 There can be several different causes of a guessable CAPTCHA:
525691 An audio or visual image that does not have sufficient distortion from the unobfuscated source image.
526692 A question is generated that with a format that can be automatically recognized, such as a math question.
527693 A question for which the number of possible answers is limited, such as birth years or favorite sports teams.
528694 A general-knowledge or trivia question for which the answer can be accessed using a data base, such as country capitals or popular actors.
529695 Other data associated with the CAPTCHA may provide hints about its contents, such as an image whose filename contains the word that is used in the CAPTCHA.",,Medium to High,Insufficient Anti-automation: http://projects.webappsec.org/Insufficient+Anti-automation
530 CWE-805,EN-Buffer Access with Incorrect Length Value (Type: Base),"The software uses a sequential operation to read or write a buffer, but it uses an incorrect length value that causes it to access memory that is outside of the bounds of the buffer.","When the length value exceeds the size of the destination, a buffer overflow could occur.",,Medium to High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 6, ""Why ACLs Are Important"" Page 171
696 CWE-805,EN-Buffer Access with Incorrect Length Value (Type: Base),"The software uses a sequential operation to read or write a buffer, but it uses an incorrect length value that causes it to access memory that is outside of the bounds of the buffer.
697 When the length value exceeds the size of the destination, a buffer overflow could occur.",,Medium to High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 6, ""Why ACLs Are Important"" Page 171
531698 Address Space Layout Randomization in Windows Vista: http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_howard/archive/2006/05/26/address-space-layout-randomization-in-windows-vista.aspx
532699 Limiting buffer overflows with ExecShield: http://www.redhat.com/magazine/009jul05/features/execshield/
533700 PaX: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PaX
536703 Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
537704 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx
538705 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
539 CWE-806,EN-Buffer Access Using Size of Source Buffer (Type: Variant),"The software uses the size of a source buffer when reading from or writing to a destination buffer, which may cause it to access memory that is outside of the bounds of the buffer.","When the size of the destination is smaller than the size of the source, a buffer overflow could occur.",,Medium to High,"Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
706 CWE-806,EN-Buffer Access Using Size of Source Buffer (Type: Variant),"The software uses the size of a source buffer when reading from or writing to a destination buffer, which may cause it to access memory that is outside of the bounds of the buffer.
707 When the size of the destination is smaller than the size of the source, a buffer overflow could occur.",,Medium to High,"Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
540708 Safe C String Library v1.0.3: http://www.zork.org/safestr/
541709 Address Space Layout Randomization in Windows Vista: http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_howard/archive/2006/05/26/address-space-layout-randomization-in-windows-vista.aspx
542710 Limiting buffer overflows with ExecShield: http://www.redhat.com/magazine/009jul05/features/execshield/
543711 PaX: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PaX
544712 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx"
545 CWE-807,EN-Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"The application uses a protection mechanism that relies on the existence or values of an input, but the input can be modified by an untrusted actor in a way that bypasses the protection mechanism.","Developers may assume that inputs such as cookies, environment variables, and hidden form fields cannot be modified. However, an attacker could change these inputs using customized clients or other attacks. This change might not be detected. When security decisions such as authentication and authorization are made based on the values of these inputs, attackers can bypass the security of the software.
713 CWE-807,EN-Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"The application uses a protection mechanism that relies on the existence or values of an input, but the input can be modified by an untrusted actor in a way that bypasses the protection mechanism.
714 Developers may assume that inputs such as cookies, environment variables, and hidden form fields cannot be modified. However, an attacker could change these inputs using customized clients or other attacks. This change might not be detected. When security decisions such as authentication and authorization are made based on the values of these inputs, attackers can bypass the security of the software.
546715 Without sufficient encryption, integrity checking, or other mechanism, any input that originates from an outsider cannot be trusted.",,Medium to High,"Top 25 Series - Rank 6 - Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/05/top-25-series-rank-6-reliance-on-untrusted-inputs-in-a-security-decision/
547716 HMAC: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hmac
548717 Understanding ASP.NET View State: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms972976.aspx
549718 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
550 CWE-93,EN-Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences (CRLF Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses CRLF (carriage return line feeds) as a special element, e.g. to separate lines or records, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CRLF sequences from inputs.","Since an implicit intent does not specify a particular application to receive the data, any application can process the intent by using an Intent Filter for that intent. This can allow untrusted applications to obtain sensitive data.",,Medium to High,CRLF Injection: http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq&m=102088154213630&w=2
551 CWE-102,EN-Struts: Duplicate Validation Forms (Type: Variant),"The application uses multiple validation forms with the same name, which might cause the Struts Validator to validate a form that the programmer does not expect.","If two validation forms have the same name, the Struts Validator arbitrarily chooses one of the forms to use for input validation and discards the other. This decision might not correspond to the programmer's expectations, possibly leading to resultant weaknesses. Moreover, it indicates that the validation logic is not up-to-date, and can indicate that other, more subtle validation errors are present.",,Unknown,
552 CWE-103,EN-Struts: Incomplete validate() Method Definition (Type: Variant),"The application has a validator form that either does not define a validate() method, or defines a validate() method but does not call super.validate().","If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
553 CWE-104,EN-Struts: Form Bean Does Not Extend Validation Class (Type: Variant),"If a form bean does not extend an ActionForm subclass of the Validator framework, it can expose the application to other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.","If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
554 CWE-105,EN-Struts: Form Field Without Validator (Type: Variant),"The application has a form field that is not validated by a corresponding validation form, which can introduce other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.","If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
555 CWE-106,EN-Struts: Plug-in Framework not in Use (Type: Variant),"When an application does not use an input validation framework such as the Struts Validator, there is a greater risk of introducing weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.","If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
556 CWE-107,EN-Struts: Unused Validation Form (Type: Variant),An unused validation form indicates that validation logic is not up-to-date.,It is easy for developers to forget to update validation logic when they remove or rename action form mappings. One indication that validation logic is not being properly maintained is the presence of an unused validation form.,,Unknown,
557 CWE-108,EN-Struts: Unvalidated Action Form (Type: Variant),Every Action Form must have a corresponding validation form.,"If a Struts Action Form Mapping specifies a form, it must have a validation form defined under the Struts Validator.",,Unknown,
558 CWE-109,EN-Struts: Validator Turned Off (Type: Variant),"Automatic filtering via a Struts bean has been turned off, which disables the Struts Validator and custom validation logic. This exposes the application to other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.","If a Struts Action Form Mapping specifies a form, it must have a validation form defined under the Struts Validator.",,Unknown,
559 CWE-11,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Creating Debug Binary (Type: Variant),Debugging messages help attackers learn about the system and plan a form of attack.,ASP .NET applications can be configured to produce debug binaries. These binaries give detailed debugging messages and should not be used in production environments. Debug binaries are meant to be used in a development or testing environment and can pose a security risk if they are deployed to production.,,Unknown,
560 CWE-110,EN-Struts: Validator Without Form Field (Type: Variant),Validation fields that do not appear in forms they are associated with indicate that the validation logic is out of date.,It is easy for developers to forget to update validation logic when they make changes to an ActionForm class. One indication that validation logic is not being properly maintained is inconsistencies between the action form and the validation form.,,Unknown,
561 CWE-111,EN-Direct Use of Unsafe JNI (Type: Base),"When a Java application uses the Java Native Interface (JNI) to call code written in another programming language, it can expose the application to weaknesses in that code, even if those weaknesses cannot occur in Java.","Many safety features that programmers may take for granted simply do not apply for native code, so you must carefully review all such code for potential problems. The languages used to implement native code may be more susceptible to buffer overflows and other attacks. Native code is unprotected by the security features enforced by the runtime environment, such as strong typing and array bounds checking.",,Unknown,"Fortify Descriptions: http://vulncat.fortifysoftware.com
719 CWE-93,EN-Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences (CRLF Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses CRLF (carriage return line feeds) as a special element, e.g. to separate lines or records, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CRLF sequences from inputs.
720 Since an implicit intent does not specify a particular application to receive the data, any application can process the intent by using an Intent Filter for that intent. This can allow untrusted applications to obtain sensitive data.",,Medium to High,CRLF Injection: http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq&m=102088154213630&w=2
721 CWE-102,EN-Struts: Duplicate Validation Forms (Type: Variant),"The application uses multiple validation forms with the same name, which might cause the Struts Validator to validate a form that the programmer does not expect.
722 If two validation forms have the same name, the Struts Validator arbitrarily chooses one of the forms to use for input validation and discards the other. This decision might not correspond to the programmer's expectations, possibly leading to resultant weaknesses. Moreover, it indicates that the validation logic is not up-to-date, and can indicate that other, more subtle validation errors are present.",,Unknown,
723 CWE-103,EN-Struts: Incomplete validate() Method Definition (Type: Variant),"The application has a validator form that either does not define a validate() method, or defines a validate() method but does not call super.validate().
724 If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
725 CWE-104,EN-Struts: Form Bean Does Not Extend Validation Class (Type: Variant),"If a form bean does not extend an ActionForm subclass of the Validator framework, it can expose the application to other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.
726 If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
727 CWE-105,EN-Struts: Form Field Without Validator (Type: Variant),"The application has a form field that is not validated by a corresponding validation form, which can introduce other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.
728 If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
729 CWE-106,EN-Struts: Plug-in Framework not in Use (Type: Variant),"When an application does not use an input validation framework such as the Struts Validator, there is a greater risk of introducing weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.
730 If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
731 CWE-107,EN-Struts: Unused Validation Form (Type: Variant),"An unused validation form indicates that validation logic is not up-to-date.
732 It is easy for developers to forget to update validation logic when they remove or rename action form mappings. One indication that validation logic is not being properly maintained is the presence of an unused validation form.",,Unknown,
733 CWE-108,EN-Struts: Unvalidated Action Form (Type: Variant),"Every Action Form must have a corresponding validation form.
734 If a Struts Action Form Mapping specifies a form, it must have a validation form defined under the Struts Validator.",,Unknown,
735 CWE-109,EN-Struts: Validator Turned Off (Type: Variant),"Automatic filtering via a Struts bean has been turned off, which disables the Struts Validator and custom validation logic. This exposes the application to other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.
736 If a Struts Action Form Mapping specifies a form, it must have a validation form defined under the Struts Validator.",,Unknown,
737 CWE-11,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Creating Debug Binary (Type: Variant),"Debugging messages help attackers learn about the system and plan a form of attack.
738 ASP .NET applications can be configured to produce debug binaries. These binaries give detailed debugging messages and should not be used in production environments. Debug binaries are meant to be used in a development or testing environment and can pose a security risk if they are deployed to production.",,Unknown,
739 CWE-110,EN-Struts: Validator Without Form Field (Type: Variant),"Validation fields that do not appear in forms they are associated with indicate that the validation logic is out of date.
740 It is easy for developers to forget to update validation logic when they make changes to an ActionForm class. One indication that validation logic is not being properly maintained is inconsistencies between the action form and the validation form.",,Unknown,
741 CWE-111,EN-Direct Use of Unsafe JNI (Type: Base),"When a Java application uses the Java Native Interface (JNI) to call code written in another programming language, it can expose the application to weaknesses in that code, even if those weaknesses cannot occur in Java.
742 Many safety features that programmers may take for granted simply do not apply for native code, so you must carefully review all such code for potential problems. The languages used to implement native code may be more susceptible to buffer overflows and other attacks. Native code is unprotected by the security features enforced by the runtime environment, such as strong typing and array bounds checking.",,Unknown,"Fortify Descriptions: http://vulncat.fortifysoftware.com
562743 The Java(TM) Tutorial: The Java Native Interface: http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/native1.1/"
563 CWE-112,EN-Missing XML Validation (Type: Base),The software accepts XML from an untrusted source but does not validate the XML against the proper schema.,"Most successful attacks begin with a violation of the programmer's assumptions. By accepting an XML document without validating it against a DTD or XML schema, the programmer leaves a door open for attackers to provide unexpected, unreasonable, or malicious input.",,Unknown,
564 CWE-113,EN-Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers (HTTP Response Splitting) (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CR and LF characters before the data is included in outgoing HTTP headers.","Including unvalidated data in an HTTP header allows an attacker to specify the entirety of the HTTP response rendered by the browser. When an HTTP request contains unexpected CR (carriage return, also given by %0d or \r) and LF (line feed, also given by %0a or \n) characters the server may respond with an output stream that is interpreted as two different HTTP responses (instead of one). An attacker can control the second response and mount attacks such as cross-site scripting and cache poisoning attacks.
744 CWE-112,EN-Missing XML Validation (Type: Base),"The software accepts XML from an untrusted source but does not validate the XML against the proper schema.
745 Most successful attacks begin with a violation of the programmer's assumptions. By accepting an XML document without validating it against a DTD or XML schema, the programmer leaves a door open for attackers to provide unexpected, unreasonable, or malicious input.",,Unknown,
746 CWE-113,EN-Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers (HTTP Response Splitting) (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CR and LF characters before the data is included in outgoing HTTP headers.
747 Including unvalidated data in an HTTP header allows an attacker to specify the entirety of the HTTP response rendered by the browser. When an HTTP request contains unexpected CR (carriage return, also given by %0d or \r) and LF (line feed, also given by %0a or \n) characters the server may respond with an output stream that is interpreted as two different HTTP responses (instead of one). An attacker can control the second response and mount attacks such as cross-site scripting and cache poisoning attacks.
565748 HTTP response splitting weaknesses may be present when:
566749 Data enters a web application through an untrusted source, most frequently an HTTP request.
567750 The data is included in an HTTP response header sent to a web user without being validated for malicious characters.",,Unknown,"OWASP TOP 10: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007
568751 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 2: Web-Server Related Vulnerabilities (XSS, XSRF, and Response Splitting)."" Page 31"
569 CWE-114,EN-Process Control (Type: Base),Executing commands or loading libraries from an untrusted source or in an untrusted environment can cause an application to execute malicious commands (and payloads) on behalf of an attacker.,"Process control vulnerabilities take two forms: 1. An attacker can change the command that the program executes: the attacker explicitly controls what the command is. 2. An attacker can change the environment in which the command executes: the attacker implicitly controls what the command means. Process control vulnerabilities of the first type occur when either data enters the application from an untrusted source and the data is used as part of a string representing a command that is executed by the application. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Unknown,
570 CWE-115,EN-Misinterpretation of Input (Type: Base),"The software misinterprets an input, whether from an attacker or another product, in a security-relevant fashion.","Process control vulnerabilities take two forms: 1. An attacker can change the command that the program executes: the attacker explicitly controls what the command is. 2. An attacker can change the environment in which the command executes: the attacker implicitly controls what the command means. Process control vulnerabilities of the first type occur when either data enters the application from an untrusted source and the data is used as part of a string representing a command that is executed by the application. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Unknown,
571 CWE-118,EN-Improper Access of Indexable Resource (Range Error) (Type: Class),"The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts operations within the boundaries of a resource that is accessed using an index or pointer, such as memory or files.","This can allow an attacker to forge log entries or inject malicious content into logs.
752 CWE-114,EN-Process Control (Type: Base),"Executing commands or loading libraries from an untrusted source or in an untrusted environment can cause an application to execute malicious commands (and payloads) on behalf of an attacker.
753 Process control vulnerabilities take two forms: 1. An attacker can change the command that the program executes: the attacker explicitly controls what the command is. 2. An attacker can change the environment in which the command executes: the attacker implicitly controls what the command means. Process control vulnerabilities of the first type occur when either data enters the application from an untrusted source and the data is used as part of a string representing a command that is executed by the application. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Unknown,
754 CWE-115,EN-Misinterpretation of Input (Type: Base),"The software misinterprets an input, whether from an attacker or another product, in a security-relevant fashion.
755 Process control vulnerabilities take two forms: 1. An attacker can change the command that the program executes: the attacker explicitly controls what the command is. 2. An attacker can change the environment in which the command executes: the attacker implicitly controls what the command means. Process control vulnerabilities of the first type occur when either data enters the application from an untrusted source and the data is used as part of a string representing a command that is executed by the application. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Unknown,
756 CWE-118,EN-Improper Access of Indexable Resource (Range Error) (Type: Class),"The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts operations within the boundaries of a resource that is accessed using an index or pointer, such as memory or files.
757 This can allow an attacker to forge log entries or inject malicious content into logs.
572758 Log forging vulnerabilities occur when:
573759 Data enters an application from an untrusted source.
574760 The data is written to an application or system log file.",,Unknown,
575 CWE-12,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Variant),An ASP .NET application must enable custom error pages in order to prevent attackers from mining information from the framework's built-in responses.,"Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
761 CWE-12,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Variant),"An ASP .NET application must enable custom error pages in order to prevent attackers from mining information from the framework's built-in responses.
762 Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
576763 As a result, an attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code, alter the intended control flow, read sensitive information, or cause the system to crash.",,Unknown,"19 Deadly Sins of Software Security
577764 ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Handling: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ASP.NET_Misconfiguration:_Missing_Custom_Error_Handling"
578 CWE-125,EN-Out-of-bounds Read (Type: Base),"The software reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.","This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented or decremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in corruption of sensitive information, a crash, or code execution among other things.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
579 CWE-126,EN-Buffer Over-read (Type: Variant),The software reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations after the targeted buffer.,This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.,,Unknown,
580 CWE-127,EN-Buffer Under-read (Type: Variant),The software reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations prior to the targeted buffer.,"This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,
581 CWE-13,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),Storing a plaintext password in a configuration file allows anyone who can read the file access to the password-protected resource making them an easy target for attackers.,"This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,"How To: Encrypt Configuration Sections in ASP.NET 2.0 Using DPAPI: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms998280.aspx
765 CWE-125,EN-Out-of-bounds Read (Type: Base),"The software reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
766 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented or decremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in corruption of sensitive information, a crash, or code execution among other things.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
767 CWE-126,EN-Buffer Over-read (Type: Variant),"The software reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations after the targeted buffer.
768 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,
769 CWE-127,EN-Buffer Under-read (Type: Variant),"The software reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations prior to the targeted buffer.
770 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,
771 CWE-13,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),"Storing a plaintext password in a configuration file allows anyone who can read the file access to the password-protected resource making them an easy target for attackers.
772 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,"How To: Encrypt Configuration Sections in ASP.NET 2.0 Using DPAPI: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms998280.aspx
582773 How To: Encrypt Configuration Sections in ASP.NET 2.0 Using RSA: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms998283.aspx
583774 .NET Framework Developer's Guide - Securing Connection Strings: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/89211k9b(VS.80).aspx"
584 CWE-130,EN-Improper Handling of Length Parameter Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"The software parses a formatted message or structure, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a length field that is inconsistent with the actual length of the associated data.","If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,
585 CWE-132,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Miscalculated Null Termination (Type: Base),This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-170. All content has been transferred to CWE-170.,"If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,
586 CWE-135,EN-Incorrect Calculation of Multi-Byte String Length (Type: Base),The software does not correctly calculate the length of strings that can contain wide or multi-byte characters.,"If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Unicode and ANSI Buffer Size Mismatches"" Page 153"
587 CWE-138,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements (Type: Class),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as control elements or syntactic markers when they are sent to a downstream component.","Most languages and protocols have their own special elements such as characters and reserved words. These special elements can carry control implications. If software does not prevent external control or influence over the inclusion of such special elements, the control flow of the program may be altered from what was intended. For example, both Unix and Windows interpret the symbol < (""less than"") as meaning ""read input from a file"".",,Unknown,
588 CWE-14,EN-Compiler Removal of Code to Clear Buffers (Type: Base),"Sensitive memory is cleared according to the source code, but compiler optimizations leave the memory untouched when it is not read from again, aka ""dead store removal.""","This compiler optimization error occurs when:
775 CWE-130,EN-Improper Handling of Length Parameter Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"The software parses a formatted message or structure, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a length field that is inconsistent with the actual length of the associated data.
776 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,
777 CWE-132,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Miscalculated Null Termination (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-170. All content has been transferred to CWE-170.
778 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,
779 CWE-135,EN-Incorrect Calculation of Multi-Byte String Length (Type: Base),"The software does not correctly calculate the length of strings that can contain wide or multi-byte characters.
780 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Unicode and ANSI Buffer Size Mismatches"" Page 153"
781 CWE-138,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements (Type: Class),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as control elements or syntactic markers when they are sent to a downstream component.
782 Most languages and protocols have their own special elements such as characters and reserved words. These special elements can carry control implications. If software does not prevent external control or influence over the inclusion of such special elements, the control flow of the program may be altered from what was intended. For example, both Unix and Windows interpret the symbol < (""less than"") as meaning ""read input from a file"".",,Unknown,
783 CWE-14,EN-Compiler Removal of Code to Clear Buffers (Type: Base),"Sensitive memory is cleared according to the source code, but compiler optimizations leave the memory untouched when it is not read from again, aka ""dead store removal.""
784 This compiler optimization error occurs when:
589785 1. Secret data are stored in memory.
590786 2. The secret data are scrubbed from memory by overwriting its contents.
591787 3. The source code is compiled using an optimizing compiler, which identifies and removes the function that overwrites the contents as a dead store because the memory is not used subsequently.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""A Compiler Optimization Caveat"" Page 322
592788 When scrubbing secrets in memory doesn't work: http://cert.uni-stuttgart.de/archive/bugtraq/2002/11/msg00046.html
593789 Some Bad News and Some Good News: http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dncode/html/secure10102002.asp
594790 GNU GCC: Optimizer Removes Code Necessary for Security: http://www.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/securityfocus/bugtraq/2002-11/0257.html"
595 CWE-140,EN-Improper Neutralization of Delimiters (Type: Base),The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes delimiters.,"This compiler optimization error occurs when:
791 CWE-140,EN-Improper Neutralization of Delimiters (Type: Base),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes delimiters.
792 This compiler optimization error occurs when:
596793 1. Secret data are stored in memory.
597794 2. The secret data are scrubbed from memory by overwriting its contents.
598795 3. The source code is compiled using an optimizing compiler, which identifies and removes the function that overwrites the contents as a dead store because the memory is not used subsequently.",,Unknown,
599 CWE-141,EN-Improper Neutralization of Parameter/Argument Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as parameter or argument delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408.
796 CWE-141,EN-Improper Neutralization of Parameter/Argument Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as parameter or argument delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
797 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408.
600798 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""IFS"", Page 604."
601 CWE-142,EN-Improper Neutralization of Value Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as value delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
602 CWE-143,EN-Improper Neutralization of Record Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as record delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
603 CWE-144,EN-Improper Neutralization of Line Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as line delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
604 CWE-145,EN-Improper Neutralization of Section Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as section delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.
799 CWE-142,EN-Improper Neutralization of Value Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as value delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
800 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
801 CWE-143,EN-Improper Neutralization of Record Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as record delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
802 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
803 CWE-144,EN-Improper Neutralization of Line Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as line delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
804 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
805 CWE-145,EN-Improper Neutralization of Section Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as section delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
806 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.
605807 One example of a section delimiter is the boundary string in a multipart MIME message. In many cases, doubled line delimiters can serve as a section delimiter.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
606 CWE-146,EN-Improper Neutralization of Expression/Command Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as expression or command delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
607 CWE-147,EN-Improper Neutralization of Input Terminators (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as input terminators when they are sent to a downstream component.","For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
608 CWE-148,EN-Improper Neutralization of Input Leaders (Type: Variant),"The application does not properly handle when a leading character or sequence (""leader"") is missing or malformed, or if multiple leaders are used when only one should be allowed.","For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
609 CWE-149,EN-Improper Neutralization of Quoting Syntax (Type: Variant),"Quotes injected into an application can be used to compromise a system. As data are parsed, an injected/absent/duplicate/malformed use of quotes may cause the process to take unexpected actions.","For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
610 CWE-15,EN-External Control of System or Configuration Setting (Type: Base),One or more system settings or configuration elements can be externally controlled by a user.,"Allowing external control of system settings can disrupt service or cause an application to behave in unexpected, and potentially malicious ways.",,Unknown,
611 CWE-150,"EN-Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences (Type: Variant)","The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as escape, meta, or control character sequences when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
612 CWE-151,EN-Improper Neutralization of Comment Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as comment delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
613 CWE-152,EN-Improper Neutralization of Macro Symbols (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as macro symbols when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
614 CWE-153,EN-Improper Neutralization of Substitution Characters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as substitution characters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
615 CWE-154,EN-Improper Neutralization of Variable Name Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as variable name delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack. Example: ""$"" for an environment variable.",,Unknown,
616 CWE-155,EN-Improper Neutralization of Wildcards or Matching Symbols (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as wildcards or matching symbols when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected element may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
617 CWE-156,EN-Improper Neutralization of Whitespace (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as whitespace when they are sent to a downstream component.","This can include space, tab, etc.",,Unknown,
618 CWE-157,EN-Failure to Sanitize Paired Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle the characters that are used to mark the beginning and ending of a group of entities, such as parentheses, brackets, and braces.","This can include space, tab, etc.",,Unknown,
619 CWE-158,EN-Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes NUL characters or null bytes when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected NUL character or null byte may cause the software to believe the input is terminated earlier than it actually is, or otherwise cause the input to be misinterpreted. This could then be used to inject potentially dangerous input that occurs after the null byte or otherwise bypass validation routines and other protection mechanisms.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""NUL Character Injection"", Page 411."
620 CWE-159,EN-Failure to Sanitize Special Element (Type: Class),Weaknesses in this attack-focused category do not properly filter and interpret special elements in user-controlled input which could cause adverse effect on the software behavior and integrity.,"As data is parsed, an injected NUL character or null byte may cause the software to believe the input is terminated earlier than it actually is, or otherwise cause the input to be misinterpreted. This could then be used to inject potentially dangerous input that occurs after the null byte or otherwise bypass validation routines and other protection mechanisms.",,Unknown,
621 CWE-160,EN-Improper Neutralization of Leading Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled leading special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
622 CWE-161,EN-Improper Neutralization of Multiple Leading Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple leading special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
623 CWE-162,EN-Improper Neutralization of Trailing Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled trailing special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
624 CWE-163,EN-Improper Neutralization of Multiple Trailing Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple trailing special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
625 CWE-164,EN-Improper Neutralization of Internal Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes internal special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
626 CWE-165,EN-Improper Neutralization of Multiple Internal Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple internal special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
627 CWE-166,EN-Improper Handling of Missing Special Element (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles when an expected special element is missing.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
628 CWE-167,EN-Improper Handling of Additional Special Element (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles when an additional unexpected special element is missing.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
629 CWE-168,EN-Improper Handling of Inconsistent Special Elements (Type: Base),The software does not handle when an inconsistency exists between two or more special characters or reserved words.,"An example of this problem would be if paired characters appear in the wrong order, or if the special characters are not properly nested.",,Unknown,
630 CWE-172,EN-Encoding Error (Type: Class),"The software does not properly encode or decode the data, resulting in unexpected values.","Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
631 CWE-173,EN-Improper Handling of Alternate Encoding (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when an input uses an alternate encoding that is valid for the control sphere to which the input is being sent.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
632 CWE-174,EN-Double Decoding of the Same Data (Type: Variant),"The software decodes the same input twice, which can limit the effectiveness of any protection mechanism that occurs in between the decoding operations.","Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
633 CWE-175,EN-Improper Handling of Mixed Encoding (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when the same input uses several different (mixed) encodings.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
634 CWE-176,EN-Improper Handling of Unicode Encoding (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when an input contains Unicode encoding.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Sets and Unicode"", Page 446."
635 CWE-177,EN-Improper Handling of URL Encoding (Hex Encoding) (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when all or part of an input has been URL encoded.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
636 CWE-178,EN-Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity (Type: Base),"The software does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.","Improperly handled case sensitive data can lead to several possible consequences, including:
808 CWE-146,EN-Improper Neutralization of Expression/Command Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as expression or command delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
809 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
810 CWE-147,EN-Improper Neutralization of Input Terminators (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as input terminators when they are sent to a downstream component.
811 For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
812 CWE-148,EN-Improper Neutralization of Input Leaders (Type: Variant),"The application does not properly handle when a leading character or sequence (""leader"") is missing or malformed, or if multiple leaders are used when only one should be allowed.
813 For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
814 CWE-149,EN-Improper Neutralization of Quoting Syntax (Type: Variant),"Quotes injected into an application can be used to compromise a system. As data are parsed, an injected/absent/duplicate/malformed use of quotes may cause the process to take unexpected actions.
815 For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
816 CWE-15,EN-External Control of System or Configuration Setting (Type: Base),"One or more system settings or configuration elements can be externally controlled by a user.
817 Allowing external control of system settings can disrupt service or cause an application to behave in unexpected, and potentially malicious ways.",,Unknown,
818 CWE-150,"EN-Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences (Type: Variant)","The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as escape, meta, or control character sequences when they are sent to a downstream component.
819 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
820 CWE-151,EN-Improper Neutralization of Comment Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as comment delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
821 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
822 CWE-152,EN-Improper Neutralization of Macro Symbols (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as macro symbols when they are sent to a downstream component.
823 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
824 CWE-153,EN-Improper Neutralization of Substitution Characters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as substitution characters when they are sent to a downstream component.
825 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
826 CWE-154,EN-Improper Neutralization of Variable Name Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as variable name delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
827 As data is parsed, an injected delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack. Example: ""$"" for an environment variable.",,Unknown,
828 CWE-155,EN-Improper Neutralization of Wildcards or Matching Symbols (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as wildcards or matching symbols when they are sent to a downstream component.
829 As data is parsed, an injected element may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
830 CWE-156,EN-Improper Neutralization of Whitespace (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as whitespace when they are sent to a downstream component.
831 This can include space, tab, etc.",,Unknown,
832 CWE-157,EN-Failure to Sanitize Paired Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle the characters that are used to mark the beginning and ending of a group of entities, such as parentheses, brackets, and braces.
833 This can include space, tab, etc.",,Unknown,
834 CWE-158,EN-Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes NUL characters or null bytes when they are sent to a downstream component.
835 As data is parsed, an injected NUL character or null byte may cause the software to believe the input is terminated earlier than it actually is, or otherwise cause the input to be misinterpreted. This could then be used to inject potentially dangerous input that occurs after the null byte or otherwise bypass validation routines and other protection mechanisms.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""NUL Character Injection"", Page 411."
836 CWE-159,EN-Failure to Sanitize Special Element (Type: Class),"Weaknesses in this attack-focused category do not properly filter and interpret special elements in user-controlled input which could cause adverse effect on the software behavior and integrity.
837 As data is parsed, an injected NUL character or null byte may cause the software to believe the input is terminated earlier than it actually is, or otherwise cause the input to be misinterpreted. This could then be used to inject potentially dangerous input that occurs after the null byte or otherwise bypass validation routines and other protection mechanisms.",,Unknown,
838 CWE-160,EN-Improper Neutralization of Leading Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
839 As data is parsed, improperly handled leading special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
840 CWE-161,EN-Improper Neutralization of Multiple Leading Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
841 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple leading special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
842 CWE-162,EN-Improper Neutralization of Trailing Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
843 As data is parsed, improperly handled trailing special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
844 CWE-163,EN-Improper Neutralization of Multiple Trailing Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
845 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple trailing special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
846 CWE-164,EN-Improper Neutralization of Internal Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes internal special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
847 As data is parsed, improperly handled internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
848 CWE-165,EN-Improper Neutralization of Multiple Internal Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple internal special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
849 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
850 CWE-166,EN-Improper Handling of Missing Special Element (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles when an expected special element is missing.
851 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
852 CWE-167,EN-Improper Handling of Additional Special Element (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles when an additional unexpected special element is missing.
853 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
854 CWE-168,EN-Improper Handling of Inconsistent Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software does not handle when an inconsistency exists between two or more special characters or reserved words.
855 An example of this problem would be if paired characters appear in the wrong order, or if the special characters are not properly nested.",,Unknown,
856 CWE-172,EN-Encoding Error (Type: Class),"The software does not properly encode or decode the data, resulting in unexpected values.
857 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
858 CWE-173,EN-Improper Handling of Alternate Encoding (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when an input uses an alternate encoding that is valid for the control sphere to which the input is being sent.
859 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
860 CWE-174,EN-Double Decoding of the Same Data (Type: Variant),"The software decodes the same input twice, which can limit the effectiveness of any protection mechanism that occurs in between the decoding operations.
861 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
862 CWE-175,EN-Improper Handling of Mixed Encoding (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when the same input uses several different (mixed) encodings.
863 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
864 CWE-176,EN-Improper Handling of Unicode Encoding (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when an input contains Unicode encoding.
865 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Sets and Unicode"", Page 446."
866 CWE-177,EN-Improper Handling of URL Encoding (Hex Encoding) (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when all or part of an input has been URL encoded.
867 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
868 CWE-178,EN-Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity (Type: Base),"The software does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.
869 Improperly handled case sensitive data can lead to several possible consequences, including:
637870 case-insensitive passwords reducing the size of the key space, making brute force attacks easier
638871 bypassing filters or access controls using alternate names
639872 multiple interpretation errors using alternate names.",,Unknown,
640 CWE-179,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Early Validation (Type: Base),"The software validates input before applying protection mechanisms that modify the input, which could allow an attacker to bypass the validation via dangerous inputs that only arise after the modification.","Software needs to validate data at the proper time, after data has been canonicalized and cleansed. Early validation is susceptible to various manipulations that result in dangerous inputs that are produced by canonicalization and cleansing.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Escaping Metacharacters"", Page 439."
641 CWE-180,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize (Type: Base),"The software validates input before it is canonicalized, which prevents the software from detecting data that becomes invalid after the canonicalization step.","This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,
642 CWE-181,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Filter (Type: Base),"The software validates data before it has been filtered, which prevents the software from detecting data that becomes invalid after the filtering step.","This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,
643 CWE-182,EN-Collapse of Data into Unsafe Value (Type: Base),"The software filters data in a way that causes it to be reduced or ""collapsed"" into an unsafe value that violates an expected security property.","This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Stripping Vulnerabilities"", Page 437."
644 CWE-183,EN-Permissive Whitelist (Type: Base),"An application uses a ""whitelist"" of acceptable values, but the whitelist includes at least one unsafe value, leading to resultant weaknesses.","This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Eliminating Metacharacters"", Page 435."
645 CWE-184,EN-Incomplete Blacklist (Type: Base),"An application uses a ""blacklist"" of prohibited values, but the blacklist is incomplete.","If an incomplete blacklist is used as a security mechanism, then the software may allow unintended values to pass into the application logic.",,Unknown,"Exploiting Software: How to Break Code
873 CWE-179,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Early Validation (Type: Base),"The software validates input before applying protection mechanisms that modify the input, which could allow an attacker to bypass the validation via dangerous inputs that only arise after the modification.
874 Software needs to validate data at the proper time, after data has been canonicalized and cleansed. Early validation is susceptible to various manipulations that result in dangerous inputs that are produced by canonicalization and cleansing.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Escaping Metacharacters"", Page 439."
875 CWE-180,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize (Type: Base),"The software validates input before it is canonicalized, which prevents the software from detecting data that becomes invalid after the canonicalization step.
876 This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,
877 CWE-181,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Filter (Type: Base),"The software validates data before it has been filtered, which prevents the software from detecting data that becomes invalid after the filtering step.
878 This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,
879 CWE-182,EN-Collapse of Data into Unsafe Value (Type: Base),"The software filters data in a way that causes it to be reduced or ""collapsed"" into an unsafe value that violates an expected security property.
880 This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Stripping Vulnerabilities"", Page 437."
881 CWE-183,EN-Permissive Whitelist (Type: Base),"An application uses a ""whitelist"" of acceptable values, but the whitelist includes at least one unsafe value, leading to resultant weaknesses.
882 This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Eliminating Metacharacters"", Page 435."
883 CWE-184,EN-Incomplete Blacklist (Type: Base),"An application uses a ""blacklist"" of prohibited values, but the blacklist is incomplete.
884 If an incomplete blacklist is used as a security mechanism, then the software may allow unintended values to pass into the application logic.",,Unknown,"Exploiting Software: How to Break Code
646885 Blacklist defenses as a breeding ground for vulnerability variants: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2006/Feb/0040.html
647886 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Eliminating Metacharacters"", Page 435."
648 CWE-185,EN-Incorrect Regular Expression (Type: Class),The software specifies a regular expression in a way that causes data to be improperly matched or compared.,"When the regular expression is used in protection mechanisms such as filtering or validation, this may allow an attacker to bypass the intended restrictions on the incoming data.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 10, ""Using Regular Expressions for Checking Input"" Page 350"
649 CWE-186,EN-Overly Restrictive Regular Expression (Type: Base),"A regular expression is overly restrictive, which prevents dangerous values from being detected.","When the regular expression is used in protection mechanisms such as filtering or validation, this may allow an attacker to bypass the intended restrictions on the incoming data.",,Unknown,
650 CWE-187,EN-Partial Comparison (Type: Base),"The software performs a comparison that only examines a portion of a factor before determining whether there is a match, such as a substring, leading to resultant weaknesses.","For example, an attacker might succeed in authentication by providing a small password that matches the associated portion of the larger, correct password.",,Unknown,
651 CWE-191,EN-Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) (Type: Base),"The product subtracts one value from another, such that the result is less than the minimum allowable integer value, which produces a value that is not equal to the correct result.",This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.,,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 7: Integer Overflows."" Page 119"
652 CWE-193,EN-Off-by-one Error (Type: Base),"A product calculates or uses an incorrect maximum or minimum value that is 1 more, or 1 less, than the correct value.",This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.,,Unknown,"Third Generation Exploits: http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-europe-01/halvar-flake/bh-europe-01-halvarflake.ppt
887 CWE-185,EN-Incorrect Regular Expression (Type: Class),"The software specifies a regular expression in a way that causes data to be improperly matched or compared.
888 When the regular expression is used in protection mechanisms such as filtering or validation, this may allow an attacker to bypass the intended restrictions on the incoming data.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 10, ""Using Regular Expressions for Checking Input"" Page 350"
889 CWE-186,EN-Overly Restrictive Regular Expression (Type: Base),"A regular expression is overly restrictive, which prevents dangerous values from being detected.
890 When the regular expression is used in protection mechanisms such as filtering or validation, this may allow an attacker to bypass the intended restrictions on the incoming data.",,Unknown,
891 CWE-187,EN-Partial Comparison (Type: Base),"The software performs a comparison that only examines a portion of a factor before determining whether there is a match, such as a substring, leading to resultant weaknesses.
892 For example, an attacker might succeed in authentication by providing a small password that matches the associated portion of the larger, correct password.",,Unknown,
893 CWE-191,EN-Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) (Type: Base),"The product subtracts one value from another, such that the result is less than the minimum allowable integer value, which produces a value that is not equal to the correct result.
894 This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 7: Integer Overflows."" Page 119"
895 CWE-193,EN-Off-by-one Error (Type: Base),"A product calculates or uses an incorrect maximum or minimum value that is 1 more, or 1 less, than the correct value.
896 This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.",,Unknown,"Third Generation Exploits: http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-europe-01/halvar-flake/bh-europe-01-halvarflake.ppt
653897 Off-by-one errors: a brief explanation: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=secprog&m=108379742110553&w=2
654898 The Frame Pointer Overwrite: http://kaizo.org/mirrors/phrack/phrack55/P55-08
655899 Exploiting Software: How to Break Code (The buffer overflow chapter)
656900 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
657901 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Off-by-One Errors"", Page 180."
658 CWE-195,EN-Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error (Type: Variant),"A signed-to-unsigned conversion error takes place when a signed primitive is used as an unsigned value, usually as a size variable.",It is dangerous to rely on implicit casts between signed and unsigned numbers because the result can take on an unexpected value and violate assumptions made by the program.,,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
659 CWE-198,EN-Use of Incorrect Byte Ordering (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not account for byte ordering (e.g. big-endian and little-endian) when processing the input, causing an incorrect number or value to be used.","When a primitive is cast to a smaller primitive, the high order bits of the large value are lost in the conversion, potentially resulting in an unexpected value that is not equal to the original value. This value may be required as an index into a buffer, a loop iterator, or simply necessary state data. In any case, the value cannot be trusted and the system will be in an undefined state. While this method may be employed viably to isolate the low bits of a value, this usage is rare, and truncation usually implies that an implementation error has occurred.",,Unknown,
660 CWE-201,EN-Information Exposure Through Sent Data (Type: Variant),The accidental exposure of sensitive information through sent data refers to the transmission of data which are either sensitive in and of itself or useful in the further exploitation of the system through standard data channels.,"The information either
902 CWE-195,EN-Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error (Type: Variant),"A signed-to-unsigned conversion error takes place when a signed primitive is used as an unsigned value, usually as a size variable.
903 It is dangerous to rely on implicit casts between signed and unsigned numbers because the result can take on an unexpected value and violate assumptions made by the program.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
904 CWE-198,EN-Use of Incorrect Byte Ordering (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not account for byte ordering (e.g. big-endian and little-endian) when processing the input, causing an incorrect number or value to be used.
905 When a primitive is cast to a smaller primitive, the high order bits of the large value are lost in the conversion, potentially resulting in an unexpected value that is not equal to the original value. This value may be required as an index into a buffer, a loop iterator, or simply necessary state data. In any case, the value cannot be trusted and the system will be in an undefined state. While this method may be employed viably to isolate the low bits of a value, this usage is rare, and truncation usually implies that an implementation error has occurred.",,Unknown,
906 CWE-201,EN-Information Exposure Through Sent Data (Type: Variant),"The accidental exposure of sensitive information through sent data refers to the transmission of data which are either sensitive in and of itself or useful in the further exploitation of the system through standard data channels.
907 The information either
661908 is regarded as sensitive within the product's own functionality, such as a private message; or
662909 provides information about the product or its environment that could be useful in an attack but is normally not available to the attacker, such as the installation path of a product that is remotely accessible.
663910 Many information exposures are resultant (e.g. PHP script error revealing the full path of the program), but they can also be primary (e.g. timing discrepancies in cryptography). There are many different types of problems that involve information exposures. Their severity can range widely depending on the type of information that is revealed.",,Unknown,
664 CWE-203,EN-Information Exposure Through Discrepancy (Type: Class),"The product behaves differently or sends different responses in a way that exposes security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.","In situations where data should not be tied to individual users, but a large number of users should be able to make queries that ""scrub"" the identity of users, it may be possible to get information about a user -- e.g., by specifying search terms that are known to be unique to that user.",,Unknown,
665 CWE-204,EN-Response Discrepancy Information Exposure (Type: Base),The software provides different responses to incoming requests in a way that allows an actor to determine system state information that is outside of that actor's control sphere.,"This issue frequently occurs during authentication, where a difference in failed-login messages could allow an attacker to determine if the username is valid or not. These exposures can be inadvertent (bug) or intentional (design).",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191"
666 CWE-205,EN-Information Exposure Through Behavioral Discrepancy (Type: Base),The product's actions indicate important differences based on (1) the internal state of the product or (2) differences from other products in the same class.,"For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
667 CWE-206,EN-Information Exposure of Internal State Through Behavioral Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"Two separate operations in a product cause the product to behave differently in a way that is observable to an attacker and reveals security-relevant information about the internal state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.","For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
668 CWE-207,EN-Information Exposure Through an External Behavioral Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"The product behaves differently than other products like it, in a way that is observable to an attacker and exposes security-relevant information about which product is being used.","For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
669 CWE-208,EN-Information Exposure Through Timing Discrepancy (Type: Base),"Two separate operations in a product require different amounts of time to complete, in a way that is observable to an actor and reveals security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.","For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
670 CWE-210,EN-Information Exposure Through Self-generated Error Message (Type: Base),The software identifies an error condition and creates its own diagnostic or error messages that contain sensitive information.,"The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191
911 CWE-203,EN-Information Exposure Through Discrepancy (Type: Class),"The product behaves differently or sends different responses in a way that exposes security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.
912 In situations where data should not be tied to individual users, but a large number of users should be able to make queries that ""scrub"" the identity of users, it may be possible to get information about a user -- e.g., by specifying search terms that are known to be unique to that user.",,Unknown,
913 CWE-204,EN-Response Discrepancy Information Exposure (Type: Base),"The software provides different responses to incoming requests in a way that allows an actor to determine system state information that is outside of that actor's control sphere.
914 This issue frequently occurs during authentication, where a difference in failed-login messages could allow an attacker to determine if the username is valid or not. These exposures can be inadvertent (bug) or intentional (design).",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191"
915 CWE-205,EN-Information Exposure Through Behavioral Discrepancy (Type: Base),"The product's actions indicate important differences based on (1) the internal state of the product or (2) differences from other products in the same class.
916 For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
917 CWE-206,EN-Information Exposure of Internal State Through Behavioral Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"Two separate operations in a product cause the product to behave differently in a way that is observable to an attacker and reveals security-relevant information about the internal state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.
918 For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
919 CWE-207,EN-Information Exposure Through an External Behavioral Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"The product behaves differently than other products like it, in a way that is observable to an attacker and exposes security-relevant information about which product is being used.
920 For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
921 CWE-208,EN-Information Exposure Through Timing Discrepancy (Type: Base),"Two separate operations in a product require different amounts of time to complete, in a way that is observable to an actor and reveals security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.
922 For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
923 CWE-210,EN-Information Exposure Through Self-generated Error Message (Type: Base),"The software identifies an error condition and creates its own diagnostic or error messages that contain sensitive information.
924 The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191
671925 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Overly Verbose Error Messages"", Page 75."
672 CWE-211,EN-Information Exposure Through Externally-generated Error Message (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation that triggers an external diagnostic or error message that is not directly generated by the software, such as an error generated by the programming language interpreter that the software uses. The error can contain sensitive system information.","The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,Unknown,
673 CWE-212,EN-Improper Cross-boundary Removal of Sensitive Data (Type: Base),"The software uses a resource that contains sensitive data, but it does not properly remove that data before it stores, transfers, or shares the resource with actors in another control sphere.","Resources that may contain sensitive data include documents, packets, messages, databases, etc. While this data may be useful to an individual user or small set of users who share the resource, it may need to be removed before the resource can be shared outside of the trusted group. The process of removal is sometimes called cleansing or scrubbing.
926 CWE-211,EN-Information Exposure Through Externally-generated Error Message (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation that triggers an external diagnostic or error message that is not directly generated by the software, such as an error generated by the programming language interpreter that the software uses. The error can contain sensitive system information.
927 The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,Unknown,
928 CWE-212,EN-Improper Cross-boundary Removal of Sensitive Data (Type: Base),"The software uses a resource that contains sensitive data, but it does not properly remove that data before it stores, transfers, or shares the resource with actors in another control sphere.
929 Resources that may contain sensitive data include documents, packets, messages, databases, etc. While this data may be useful to an individual user or small set of users who share the resource, it may need to be removed before the resource can be shared outside of the trusted group. The process of removal is sometimes called cleansing or scrubbing.
674930 For example, software that is used for editing documents might not remove sensitive data such as reviewer comments or the local pathname where the document is stored. Or, a proxy might not remove an internal IP address from headers before making an outgoing request to an Internet site.",,Unknown,
675 CWE-213,EN-Intentional Information Exposure (Type: Base),A product's design or configuration explicitly requires the publication of information that could be regarded as sensitive by an administrator.,"Resources that may contain sensitive data include documents, packets, messages, databases, etc. While this data may be useful to an individual user or small set of users who share the resource, it may need to be removed before the resource can be shared outside of the trusted group. The process of removal is sometimes called cleansing or scrubbing.
931 CWE-213,EN-Intentional Information Exposure (Type: Base),"A product's design or configuration explicitly requires the publication of information that could be regarded as sensitive by an administrator.
932 Resources that may contain sensitive data include documents, packets, messages, databases, etc. While this data may be useful to an individual user or small set of users who share the resource, it may need to be removed before the resource can be shared outside of the trusted group. The process of removal is sometimes called cleansing or scrubbing.
676933 For example, software that is used for editing documents might not remove sensitive data such as reviewer comments or the local pathname where the document is stored. Or, a proxy might not remove an internal IP address from headers before making an outgoing request to an Internet site.",,Unknown,
677 CWE-214,EN-Information Exposure Through Process Environment (Type: Variant),"A process is invoked with sensitive arguments, environment variables, or other elements that can be seen by other processes on the operating system.","Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
678 CWE-215,EN-Information Exposure Through Debug Information (Type: Variant),The application contains debugging code that can expose sensitive information to untrusted parties.,"Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
679 CWE-216,EN-Containment Errors (Container Errors) (Type: Class),"This tries to cover various problems in which improper data are included within a ""container.""","Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
680 CWE-217,EN-DEPRECATED: Failure to Protect Stored Data from Modification (Type: Base),This weakness has been deprecated because it incorporated and confused multiple weaknesses. The issues formerly covered in this weakness can be found at CWE-766 and CWE-767.,"Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
681 CWE-218,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Failure to provide confidentiality for stored data (Type: Base),This weakness has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-493. All content has been transferred to CWE-493.,"Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
682 CWE-219,EN-Sensitive Data Under Web Root (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data under the web document root with insufficient access control, which might make it accessible to untrusted parties.","Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
683 CWE-220,EN-Sensitive Data Under FTP Root (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data under the FTP document root with insufficient access control, which might make it accessible to untrusted parties.","Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as "".."" and ""/"" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the ""../"" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as ""/usr/local/bin"", which may also be useful in accessing unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
934 CWE-214,EN-Information Exposure Through Process Environment (Type: Variant),"A process is invoked with sensitive arguments, environment variables, or other elements that can be seen by other processes on the operating system.
935 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
936 CWE-215,EN-Information Exposure Through Debug Information (Type: Variant),"The application contains debugging code that can expose sensitive information to untrusted parties.
937 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
938 CWE-216,EN-Containment Errors (Container Errors) (Type: Class),"This tries to cover various problems in which improper data are included within a ""container.""
939 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
940 CWE-217,EN-DEPRECATED: Failure to Protect Stored Data from Modification (Type: Base),"This weakness has been deprecated because it incorporated and confused multiple weaknesses. The issues formerly covered in this weakness can be found at CWE-766 and CWE-767.
941 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
942 CWE-218,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Failure to provide confidentiality for stored data (Type: Base),"This weakness has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-493. All content has been transferred to CWE-493.
943 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
944 CWE-219,EN-Sensitive Data Under Web Root (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data under the web document root with insufficient access control, which might make it accessible to untrusted parties.
945 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
946 CWE-220,EN-Sensitive Data Under FTP Root (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data under the FTP document root with insufficient access control, which might make it accessible to untrusted parties.
947 Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as "".."" and ""/"" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the ""../"" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as ""/usr/local/bin"", which may also be useful in accessing unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
684948 In many programming languages, the injection of a null byte (the 0 or NUL) may allow an attacker to truncate a generated filename to widen the scope of attack. For example, the software may add "".txt"" to any pathname, thus limiting the attacker to text files, but a null injection may effectively remove this restriction.",,Unknown,
685 CWE-221,EN-Information Loss or Omission (Type: Class),"The software does not record, or improperly records, security-relevant information that leads to an incorrect decision or hampers later analysis.","This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
686 CWE-222,EN-Truncation of Security-relevant Information (Type: Base),"The application truncates the display, recording, or processing of security-relevant information in a way that can obscure the source or nature of an attack.","This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
687 CWE-223,EN-Omission of Security-relevant Information (Type: Base),"The application does not record or display information that would be important for identifying the source or nature of an attack, or determining if an action is safe.","This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Accountability"", Page 40."
688 CWE-224,EN-Obscured Security-relevant Information by Alternate Name (Type: Base),"The software records security-relevant information according to an alternate name of the affected entity, instead of the canonical name.","This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,Writing Secure Code
689 CWE-225,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): General Information Management Problems (Type: Base),This weakness can be found at CWE-199.,"This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
690 CWE-226,EN-Sensitive Information Uncleared Before Release (Type: Base),"The software does not fully clear previously used information in a data structure, file, or other resource, before making that resource available to a party in another control sphere.","This typically results from new data that is not as long as the old data, which leaves portions of the old data still available. Equivalent errors can occur in other situations where the length of data is variable but the associated data structure is not. If memory is not cleared after use, it may allow unintended actors to read the data when the memory is reallocated.",,Unknown,
691 CWE-227,EN-Improper Fulfillment of API Contract (API Abuse) (Type: Class),The software uses an API in a manner contrary to its intended use.,"An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
692 CWE-228,EN-Improper Handling of Syntactically Invalid Structure (Type: Class),The product does not handle or incorrectly handles input that is not syntactically well-formed with respect to the associated specification.,"An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
693 CWE-229,EN-Improper Handling of Values (Type: Base),"The software does not properly handle when the expected number of values for parameters, fields, or arguments is not provided in input, or if those values are undefined.","An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
694 CWE-23,EN-Relative Path Traversal (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize sequences such as "".."" that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,"OWASP Attack listing: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Relative_Path_Traversal
949 CWE-221,EN-Information Loss or Omission (Type: Class),"The software does not record, or improperly records, security-relevant information that leads to an incorrect decision or hampers later analysis.
950 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
951 CWE-222,EN-Truncation of Security-relevant Information (Type: Base),"The application truncates the display, recording, or processing of security-relevant information in a way that can obscure the source or nature of an attack.
952 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
953 CWE-223,EN-Omission of Security-relevant Information (Type: Base),"The application does not record or display information that would be important for identifying the source or nature of an attack, or determining if an action is safe.
954 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Accountability"", Page 40."
955 CWE-224,EN-Obscured Security-relevant Information by Alternate Name (Type: Base),"The software records security-relevant information according to an alternate name of the affected entity, instead of the canonical name.
956 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,Writing Secure Code
957 CWE-225,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): General Information Management Problems (Type: Base),"This weakness can be found at CWE-199.
958 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
959 CWE-226,EN-Sensitive Information Uncleared Before Release (Type: Base),"The software does not fully clear previously used information in a data structure, file, or other resource, before making that resource available to a party in another control sphere.
960 This typically results from new data that is not as long as the old data, which leaves portions of the old data still available. Equivalent errors can occur in other situations where the length of data is variable but the associated data structure is not. If memory is not cleared after use, it may allow unintended actors to read the data when the memory is reallocated.",,Unknown,
961 CWE-227,EN-Improper Fulfillment of API Contract (API Abuse) (Type: Class),"The software uses an API in a manner contrary to its intended use.
962 An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
963 CWE-228,EN-Improper Handling of Syntactically Invalid Structure (Type: Class),"The product does not handle or incorrectly handles input that is not syntactically well-formed with respect to the associated specification.
964 An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
965 CWE-229,EN-Improper Handling of Values (Type: Base),"The software does not properly handle when the expected number of values for parameters, fields, or arguments is not provided in input, or if those values are undefined.
966 An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
967 CWE-23,EN-Relative Path Traversal (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize sequences such as "".."" that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
968 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,"OWASP Attack listing: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Relative_Path_Traversal
695969 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Filenames and Paths"", Page 503."
696 CWE-230,EN-Improper Handling of Missing Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a parameter, field, or argument name is specified, but the associated value is missing, i.e. it is empty, blank, or null.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
697 CWE-231,EN-Improper Handling of Extra Values (Type: Variant),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when more values are provided than expected.,This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
698 CWE-232,EN-Improper Handling of Undefined Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a value is not defined or supported for the associated parameter, field, or argument name.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
699 CWE-233,EN-Improper Handling of Parameters (Type: Base),"The software does not properly handle when the expected number of parameters, fields, or arguments is not provided in input, or if those parameters are undefined.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
700 CWE-235,EN-Improper Handling of Extra Parameters (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when the number of parameters, fields, or arguments with the same name exceeds the expected amount.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
701 CWE-236,EN-Improper Handling of Undefined Parameters (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular parameter, field, or argument name is not defined or supported by the product.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
702 CWE-237,EN-Improper Handling of Structural Elements (Type: Base),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles inputs that are related to complex structures.,This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
703 CWE-238,EN-Improper Handling of Incomplete Structural Elements (Type: Variant),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular structural element is not completely specified.,This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
704 CWE-239,EN-Failure to Handle Incomplete Element (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when a particular element is not completely specified.,This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
705 CWE-24,EN-Path Traversal: ../filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
970 CWE-230,EN-Improper Handling of Missing Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a parameter, field, or argument name is specified, but the associated value is missing, i.e. it is empty, blank, or null.
971 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
972 CWE-231,EN-Improper Handling of Extra Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when more values are provided than expected.
973 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
974 CWE-232,EN-Improper Handling of Undefined Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a value is not defined or supported for the associated parameter, field, or argument name.
975 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
976 CWE-233,EN-Improper Handling of Parameters (Type: Base),"The software does not properly handle when the expected number of parameters, fields, or arguments is not provided in input, or if those parameters are undefined.
977 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
978 CWE-235,EN-Improper Handling of Extra Parameters (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when the number of parameters, fields, or arguments with the same name exceeds the expected amount.
979 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
980 CWE-236,EN-Improper Handling of Undefined Parameters (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular parameter, field, or argument name is not defined or supported by the product.
981 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
982 CWE-237,EN-Improper Handling of Structural Elements (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles inputs that are related to complex structures.
983 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
984 CWE-238,EN-Improper Handling of Incomplete Structural Elements (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular structural element is not completely specified.
985 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
986 CWE-239,EN-Failure to Handle Incomplete Element (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when a particular element is not completely specified.
987 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
988 CWE-24,EN-Path Traversal: ../filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
989 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
706990 The ""../"" manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""/"" as directory separators, such as UNIX- and Linux-based systems. In some cases, it is useful for bypassing protection schemes in environments for which ""/"" is supported but not the primary separator, such as Windows, which uses ""\"" but can also accept ""/"".",,Unknown,
707 CWE-240,EN-Improper Handling of Inconsistent Structural Elements (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when two or more structural elements should be consistent, but are not.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
991 CWE-240,EN-Improper Handling of Inconsistent Structural Elements (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when two or more structural elements should be consistent, but are not.
992 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
708993 The ""../"" manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""/"" as directory separators, such as UNIX- and Linux-based systems. In some cases, it is useful for bypassing protection schemes in environments for which ""/"" is supported but not the primary separator, such as Windows, which uses ""\"" but can also accept ""/"".",,Unknown,
709 CWE-241,EN-Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular element is not the expected type, e.g. it expects a digit (0-9) but is provided with a letter (A-Z).","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
994 CWE-241,EN-Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular element is not the expected type, e.g. it expects a digit (0-9) but is provided with a letter (A-Z).
995 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
710996 The ""../"" manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""/"" as directory separators, such as UNIX- and Linux-based systems. In some cases, it is useful for bypassing protection schemes in environments for which ""/"" is supported but not the primary separator, such as Windows, which uses ""\"" but can also accept ""/"".",,Unknown,
711 CWE-244,EN-Improper Clearing of Heap Memory Before Release (Heap Inspection) (Type: Variant),"Using realloc() to resize buffers that store sensitive information can leave the sensitive information exposed to attack, because it is not removed from memory.","When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
712 CWE-245,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Management of Connections (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application directly manages connections, instead of using the container's connection management facilities.","When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
713 CWE-246,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Use of Sockets (Type: Variant),The J2EE application directly uses sockets instead of using framework method calls.,"When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
714 CWE-247,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Reliance on DNS Lookups in a Security Decision (Type: Base),This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-350. All content has been transferred to CWE-350.,"When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
715 CWE-248,EN-Uncaught Exception (Type: Base),"An exception is thrown from a function, but it is not caught.","When an exception is not caught, it may cause the program to crash or expose sensitive information.",,Unknown,
716 CWE-249,EN-DEPRECATED: Often Misused: Path Manipulation (Type: Variant),This entry has been deprecated because of name confusion and an accidental combination of multiple weaknesses. Most of its content has been transferred to CWE-785.,"When an exception is not caught, it may cause the program to crash or expose sensitive information.",,Unknown,
717 CWE-25,EN-Path Traversal: /../filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""/../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
997 CWE-244,EN-Improper Clearing of Heap Memory Before Release (Heap Inspection) (Type: Variant),"Using realloc() to resize buffers that store sensitive information can leave the sensitive information exposed to attack, because it is not removed from memory.
998 When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
999 CWE-245,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Management of Connections (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application directly manages connections, instead of using the container's connection management facilities.
1000 When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
1001 CWE-246,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Use of Sockets (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application directly uses sockets instead of using framework method calls.
1002 When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
1003 CWE-247,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Reliance on DNS Lookups in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-350. All content has been transferred to CWE-350.
1004 When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
1005 CWE-248,EN-Uncaught Exception (Type: Base),"An exception is thrown from a function, but it is not caught.
1006 When an exception is not caught, it may cause the program to crash or expose sensitive information.",,Unknown,
1007 CWE-249,EN-DEPRECATED: Often Misused: Path Manipulation (Type: Variant),"This entry has been deprecated because of name confusion and an accidental combination of multiple weaknesses. Most of its content has been transferred to CWE-785.
1008 When an exception is not caught, it may cause the program to crash or expose sensitive information.",,Unknown,
1009 CWE-25,EN-Path Traversal: /../filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""/../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1010 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7181011 Sometimes a program checks for ""../"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""/../"" can bypass that check.",,Unknown,
719 CWE-26,EN-Path Traversal: /dir/../filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""/dir/../filename"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1012 CWE-26,EN-Path Traversal: /dir/../filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""/dir/../filename"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1013 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7201014 The '/dir/../filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only checks for ""../"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""/../"" can bypass that check.",,Unknown,
721 CWE-260,EN-Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),The software stores a password in a configuration file that might be accessible to actors who do not know the password.,"This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Unknown,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
722 CWE-261,EN-Weak Cryptography for Passwords (Type: Variant),Obscuring a password with a trivial encoding does not protect the password.,"This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Unknown,"Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1015 CWE-260,EN-Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),"The software stores a password in a configuration file that might be accessible to actors who do not know the password.
1016 This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Unknown,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1017 CWE-261,EN-Weak Cryptography for Passwords (Type: Variant),"Obscuring a password with a trivial encoding does not protect the password.
1018 This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Unknown,"Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
7231019 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
724 CWE-266,EN-Incorrect Privilege Assignment (Type: Base),"A product incorrectly assigns a privilege to a particular actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.","Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Unknown,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
725 CWE-267,EN-Privilege Defined With Unsafe Actions (Type: Base),"A particular privilege, role, capability, or right can be used to perform unsafe actions that were not intended, even when it is assigned to the correct entity.","Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Unknown,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
726 CWE-27,EN-Path Traversal: dir/../../filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize multiple internal ""../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1020 CWE-266,EN-Incorrect Privilege Assignment (Type: Base),"A product incorrectly assigns a privilege to a particular actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.
1021 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Unknown,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
1022 CWE-267,EN-Privilege Defined With Unsafe Actions (Type: Base),"A particular privilege, role, capability, or right can be used to perform unsafe actions that were not intended, even when it is assigned to the correct entity.
1023 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Unknown,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
1024 CWE-27,EN-Path Traversal: dir/../../filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize multiple internal ""../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1025 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7271026 The 'directory/../../filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only removes one ""../"" sequence, so multiple ""../"" can bypass that check. Alternately, this manipulation could be used to bypass a check for ""../"" at the beginning of the pathname, moving up more than one directory level.",,Unknown,
728 CWE-270,EN-Privilege Context Switching Error (Type: Base),The software does not properly manage privileges while it is switching between different contexts that have different privileges or spheres of control.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1027 CWE-270,EN-Privilege Context Switching Error (Type: Base),"The software does not properly manage privileges while it is switching between different contexts that have different privileges or spheres of control.
1028 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7291029 The 'directory/../../filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only removes one ""../"" sequence, so multiple ""../"" can bypass that check. Alternately, this manipulation could be used to bypass a check for ""../"" at the beginning of the pathname, moving up more than one directory level.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 7, ""Running with Least Privilege"" Page 207
7301030 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
731 CWE-272,EN-Least Privilege Violation (Type: Base),The elevated privilege level required to perform operations such as chroot() should be dropped immediately after the operation is performed.,"In some contexts, a system executing with elevated permissions will hand off a process/file/etc. to another process or user. If the privileges of an entity are not reduced, then elevated privileges are spread throughout a system and possibly to an attacker.",,Unknown,
732 CWE-274,EN-Improper Handling of Insufficient Privileges (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when it has insufficient privileges to perform an operation, leading to resultant weaknesses.","If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
733 CWE-277,EN-Insecure Inherited Permissions (Type: Variant),A product defines a set of insecure permissions that are inherited by objects that are created by the program.,"If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
734 CWE-278,EN-Insecure Preserved Inherited Permissions (Type: Variant),"A product inherits a set of insecure permissions for an object, e.g. when copying from an archive file, without user awareness or involvement.","If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
735 CWE-279,EN-Incorrect Execution-Assigned Permissions (Type: Variant),"While it is executing, the software sets the permissions of an object in a way that violates the intended permissions that have been specified by the user.","If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
736 CWE-28,EN-Path Traversal: ..\filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""..\"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1031 CWE-272,EN-Least Privilege Violation (Type: Base),"The elevated privilege level required to perform operations such as chroot() should be dropped immediately after the operation is performed.
1032 In some contexts, a system executing with elevated permissions will hand off a process/file/etc. to another process or user. If the privileges of an entity are not reduced, then elevated privileges are spread throughout a system and possibly to an attacker.",,Unknown,
1033 CWE-274,EN-Improper Handling of Insufficient Privileges (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when it has insufficient privileges to perform an operation, leading to resultant weaknesses.
1034 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
1035 CWE-277,EN-Insecure Inherited Permissions (Type: Variant),"A product defines a set of insecure permissions that are inherited by objects that are created by the program.
1036 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
1037 CWE-278,EN-Insecure Preserved Inherited Permissions (Type: Variant),"A product inherits a set of insecure permissions for an object, e.g. when copying from an archive file, without user awareness or involvement.
1038 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
1039 CWE-279,EN-Incorrect Execution-Assigned Permissions (Type: Variant),"While it is executing, the software sets the permissions of an object in a way that violates the intended permissions that have been specified by the user.
1040 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
1041 CWE-28,EN-Path Traversal: ..\filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""..\"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1042 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7371043 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
738 CWE-280,EN-Improper Handling of Insufficient Permissions or Privileges (Type: Base),The application does not handle or incorrectly handles when it has insufficient privileges to access resources or functionality as specified by their permissions. This may cause it to follow unexpected code paths that may leave the application in an invalid state.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1044 CWE-280,EN-Improper Handling of Insufficient Permissions or Privileges (Type: Base),"The application does not handle or incorrectly handles when it has insufficient privileges to access resources or functionality as specified by their permissions. This may cause it to follow unexpected code paths that may leave the application in an invalid state.
1045 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7391046 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
740 CWE-281,EN-Improper Preservation of Permissions (Type: Base),"The software does not preserve permissions or incorrectly preserves permissions when copying, restoring, or sharing objects, which can cause them to have less restrictive permissions than intended.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1047 CWE-281,EN-Improper Preservation of Permissions (Type: Base),"The software does not preserve permissions or incorrectly preserves permissions when copying, restoring, or sharing objects, which can cause them to have less restrictive permissions than intended.
1048 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7411049 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
742 CWE-282,EN-Improper Ownership Management (Type: Class),"The software assigns the wrong ownership, or does not properly verify the ownership, of an object or resource.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1050 CWE-282,EN-Improper Ownership Management (Type: Class),"The software assigns the wrong ownership, or does not properly verify the ownership, of an object or resource.
1051 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7431052 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
744 CWE-283,EN-Unverified Ownership (Type: Base),The software does not properly verify that a critical resource is owned by the proper entity.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1053 CWE-283,EN-Unverified Ownership (Type: Base),"The software does not properly verify that a critical resource is owned by the proper entity.
1054 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7451055 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
746 CWE-284,EN-Improper Access Control (Type: Class),The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.,"Access control involves the use of several protection mechanisms such as authentication (proving the identity of an actor) authorization (ensuring that a given actor can access a resource), and accountability (tracking of activities that were performed). When any mechanism is not applied or otherwise fails, attackers can compromise the security of the software by gaining privileges, reading sensitive information, executing commands, evading detection, etc.
1056 CWE-284,EN-Improper Access Control (Type: Class),"The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
1057 Access control involves the use of several protection mechanisms such as authentication (proving the identity of an actor) authorization (ensuring that a given actor can access a resource), and accountability (tracking of activities that were performed). When any mechanism is not applied or otherwise fails, attackers can compromise the security of the software by gaining privileges, reading sensitive information, executing commands, evading detection, etc.
7471058 There are two distinct behaviors that can introduce access control weaknesses:
7481059 Specification: incorrect privileges, permissions, ownership, etc. are explicitly specified for either the user or the resource (for example, setting a password file to be world-writable, or giving administrator capabilities to a guest user). This action could be performed by the program or the administrator.
7491060 Enforcement: the mechanism contains errors that prevent it from properly enforcing the specified access control requirements (e.g., allowing the user to specify their own privileges, or allowing a syntactically-incorrect ACL to produce insecure settings). This problem occurs within the program itself, in that it does not actually enforce the intended security policy that the administrator specifies.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 6, ""Determining Appropriate Access Control"" Page 171
7501061 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 17: Failure to Protect Stored Data."" Page 253"
751 CWE-286,EN-Incorrect User Management (Type: Class),The software does not properly manage a user within its environment.,Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.,,Unknown,
752 CWE-288,EN-Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel (Type: Base),"A product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication.",Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.,,Unknown,
753 CWE-289,EN-Authentication Bypass by Alternate Name (Type: Variant),"The software performs authentication based on the name of a resource being accessed, or the name of the actor performing the access, but it does not properly check all possible names for that resource or actor.",Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.,,Unknown,
754 CWE-29,EN-Path Traversal: \..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '\..\filename' (leading backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1062 CWE-286,EN-Incorrect User Management (Type: Class),"The software does not properly manage a user within its environment.
1063 Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.",,Unknown,
1064 CWE-288,EN-Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel (Type: Base),"A product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication.
1065 Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.",,Unknown,
1066 CWE-289,EN-Authentication Bypass by Alternate Name (Type: Variant),"The software performs authentication based on the name of a resource being accessed, or the name of the actor performing the access, but it does not properly check all possible names for that resource or actor.
1067 Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.",,Unknown,
1068 CWE-29,EN-Path Traversal: \..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '\..\filename' (leading backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1069 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7551070 This is similar to CWE-25, except using ""\"" instead of ""/"". Sometimes a program checks for ""..\"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""\..\"" can bypass that check. It is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
756 CWE-290,EN-Authentication Bypass by Spoofing (Type: Base),This attack-focused weakness is caused by improperly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1071 CWE-290,EN-Authentication Bypass by Spoofing (Type: Base),"This attack-focused weakness is caused by improperly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.
1072 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7571073 This is similar to CWE-25, except using ""\"" instead of ""/"". Sometimes a program checks for ""..\"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""\..\"" can bypass that check. It is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Spoofing and Identification"", Page 72."
758 CWE-295,EN-Improper Certificate Validation (Type: Base),"The software does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.","When a certificate is invalid or malicious, it might allow an attacker to spoof a trusted entity by using a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. The software might connect to a malicious host while believing it is a trusted host, or the software might be deceived into accepting spoofed data that appears to originate from a trusted host.",,Unknown,"Why Eve and Mallory Love Android: An Analysis of Android SSL (In)Security: http://www2.dcsec.uni-hannover.de/files/android/p50-fahl.pdf
1074 CWE-295,EN-Improper Certificate Validation (Type: Base),"The software does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.
1075 When a certificate is invalid or malicious, it might allow an attacker to spoof a trusted entity by using a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. The software might connect to a malicious host while believing it is a trusted host, or the software might be deceived into accepting spoofed data that appears to originate from a trusted host.",,Unknown,"Why Eve and Mallory Love Android: An Analysis of Android SSL (In)Security: http://www2.dcsec.uni-hannover.de/files/android/p50-fahl.pdf
7591076 Computer Security: Art and Science"
760 CWE-30,EN-Path Traversal: \dir\..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '\dir\..\filename' (leading backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1077 CWE-30,EN-Path Traversal: \dir\..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '\dir\..\filename' (leading backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1078 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7611079 This is similar to CWE-26, except using ""\"" instead of ""/"". The '\dir\..\filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only checks for ""..\"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""\..\"" can bypass that check.",,Unknown,
762 CWE-300,EN-Channel Accessible by Non-Endpoint (Man-in-the-Middle) (Type: Class),"The product does not adequately verify the identity of actors at both ends of a communication channel, or does not adequately ensure the integrity of the channel, in a way that allows the channel to be accessed or influenced by an actor that is not an endpoint.","In order to establish secure communication between two parties, it is often important to adequately verify the identity of entities at each end of the communication channel. Inadequate or inconsistent verification may result in insufficient or incorrect identification of either communicating entity. This can have negative consequences such as misplaced trust in the entity at the other end of the channel. An attacker can leverage this by interposing between the communicating entities and masquerading as the original entity. In the absence of sufficient verification of identity, such an attacker can eavesdrop and potentially modify the communication between the original entities.",,Unknown,Computer Security: Art and Science
763 CWE-302,EN-Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data (Type: Variant),"The authentication scheme or implementation uses key data elements that are assumed to be immutable, but can be controlled or modified by the attacker.","A mutual authentication protocol requires each party to respond to a random challenge by the other party by encrypting it with a pre-shared key. Often, however, such protocols employ the same pre-shared key for communication with a number of different entities. A malicious user or an attacker can easily compromise this protocol without possessing the correct key by employing a reflection attack on the protocol.",,Unknown,
764 CWE-303,EN-Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm (Type: Base),"The requirements for the software dictate the use of an established authentication algorithm, but the implementation of the algorithm is incorrect.",This incorrect implementation may allow authentication to be bypassed.,,Unknown,
765 CWE-304,EN-Missing Critical Step in Authentication (Type: Base),"The software implements an authentication technique, but it skips a step that weakens the technique.","Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,
766 CWE-305,EN-Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness (Type: Base),"The authentication algorithm is sound, but the implemented mechanism can be bypassed as the result of a separate weakness that is primary to the authentication error.","Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,
767 CWE-307,EN-Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts (Type: Base),"The software does not implement sufficient measures to prevent multiple failed authentication attempts within in a short time frame, making it more susceptible to brute force attacks.","Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,"Weak Password Brings 'Happiness' to Twitter Hacker: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/01/professed-twitt/
1080 CWE-300,EN-Channel Accessible by Non-Endpoint (Man-in-the-Middle) (Type: Class),"The product does not adequately verify the identity of actors at both ends of a communication channel, or does not adequately ensure the integrity of the channel, in a way that allows the channel to be accessed or influenced by an actor that is not an endpoint.
1081 In order to establish secure communication between two parties, it is often important to adequately verify the identity of entities at each end of the communication channel. Inadequate or inconsistent verification may result in insufficient or incorrect identification of either communicating entity. This can have negative consequences such as misplaced trust in the entity at the other end of the channel. An attacker can leverage this by interposing between the communicating entities and masquerading as the original entity. In the absence of sufficient verification of identity, such an attacker can eavesdrop and potentially modify the communication between the original entities.",,Unknown,Computer Security: Art and Science
1082 CWE-302,EN-Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data (Type: Variant),"The authentication scheme or implementation uses key data elements that are assumed to be immutable, but can be controlled or modified by the attacker.
1083 A mutual authentication protocol requires each party to respond to a random challenge by the other party by encrypting it with a pre-shared key. Often, however, such protocols employ the same pre-shared key for communication with a number of different entities. A malicious user or an attacker can easily compromise this protocol without possessing the correct key by employing a reflection attack on the protocol.",,Unknown,
1084 CWE-303,EN-Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm (Type: Base),"The requirements for the software dictate the use of an established authentication algorithm, but the implementation of the algorithm is incorrect.
1085 This incorrect implementation may allow authentication to be bypassed.",,Unknown,
1086 CWE-304,EN-Missing Critical Step in Authentication (Type: Base),"The software implements an authentication technique, but it skips a step that weakens the technique.
1087 Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,
1088 CWE-305,EN-Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness (Type: Base),"The authentication algorithm is sound, but the implemented mechanism can be bypassed as the result of a separate weakness that is primary to the authentication error.
1089 Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,
1090 CWE-307,EN-Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts (Type: Base),"The software does not implement sufficient measures to prevent multiple failed authentication attempts within in a short time frame, making it more susceptible to brute force attacks.
1091 Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,"Weak Password Brings 'Happiness' to Twitter Hacker: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/01/professed-twitt/
7681092 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
769 CWE-31,EN-Path Traversal: dir\..\..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize 'dir\..\..\filename' (multiple internal backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1093 CWE-31,EN-Path Traversal: dir\..\..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize 'dir\..\..\filename' (multiple internal backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1094 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7701095 The 'dir\..\..\filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only removes one ""..\"" sequence, so multiple ""..\"" can bypass that check. Alternately, this manipulation could be used to bypass a check for ""..\"" at the beginning of the pathname, moving up more than one directory level.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
771 CWE-312,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information (Type: Base),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext within a resource that might be accessible to another control sphere.,"Because the information is stored in cleartext, attackers could potentially read it. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
1096 CWE-312,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information (Type: Base),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext within a resource that might be accessible to another control sphere.
1097 Because the information is stored in cleartext, attackers could potentially read it. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
7721098 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Encryption"", Page 43.
7731099 Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/"
774 CWE-313,EN-Cleartext Storage in a File or on Disk (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in a file, or on disk.","The sensitive information could be read by attackers with access to the file, or with physical or administrator access to the raw disk. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
775 CWE-314,EN-Cleartext Storage in the Registry (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in the registry.,"Attackers can read the information by accessing the registry key. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
776 CWE-315,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in a Cookie (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in a cookie.,"Attackers can use widely-available tools to view the cookie and read the sensitive information. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
777 CWE-316,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in Memory (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in memory.,"The sensitive memory might be saved to disk, stored in a core dump, or remain uncleared if the application crashes, or if the programmer does not properly clear the memory before freeing it.
1100 CWE-313,EN-Cleartext Storage in a File or on Disk (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in a file, or on disk.
1101 The sensitive information could be read by attackers with access to the file, or with physical or administrator access to the raw disk. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1102 CWE-314,EN-Cleartext Storage in the Registry (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in the registry.
1103 Attackers can read the information by accessing the registry key. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1104 CWE-315,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in a Cookie (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in a cookie.
1105 Attackers can use widely-available tools to view the cookie and read the sensitive information. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1106 CWE-316,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in Memory (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in memory.
1107 The sensitive memory might be saved to disk, stored in a core dump, or remain uncleared if the application crashes, or if the programmer does not properly clear the memory before freeing it.
7781108 It could be argued that such problems are usually only exploitable by those with administrator privileges. However, swapping could cause the memory to be written to disk and leave it accessible to physical attack afterwards. Core dump files might have insecure permissions or be stored in archive files that are accessible to untrusted people. Or, uncleared sensitive memory might be inadvertently exposed to attackers due to another weakness.",,Unknown,
779 CWE-317,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in GUI (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext within the GUI.,"An attacker can often obtain data from a GUI, even if hidden, by using an API to directly access GUI objects such as windows and menus. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
780 CWE-318,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in Executable (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in an executable.,"Attackers can reverse engineer binary code to obtain secret data. This is especially easy when the cleartext is plain ASCII. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
781 CWE-32,EN-Path Traversal: ... (Triple Dot) (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '...' (triple dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1109 CWE-317,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in GUI (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext within the GUI.
1110 An attacker can often obtain data from a GUI, even if hidden, by using an API to directly access GUI objects such as windows and menus. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1111 CWE-318,EN-Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in Executable (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in an executable.
1112 Attackers can reverse engineer binary code to obtain secret data. This is especially easy when the cleartext is plain ASCII. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1113 CWE-32,EN-Path Traversal: ... (Triple Dot) (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '...' (triple dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1114 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7821115 The '...' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. On some Windows systems, it is equivalent to ""..\.."" and might bypass checks that assume only two dots are valid. Incomplete filtering, such as removal of ""./"" sequences, can ultimately produce valid "".."" sequences due to a collapse into unsafe value (CWE-182).",,Unknown,
783 CWE-325,EN-Missing Required Cryptographic Step (Type: Base),"The software does not implement a required step in a cryptographic algorithm, resulting in weaker encryption than advertised by that algorithm.","Cryptographic implementations should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise encryption can be weaker than expected.",,Unknown,
784 CWE-326,EN-Inadequate Encryption Strength (Type: Class),"The software stores or transmits sensitive data using an encryption scheme that is theoretically sound, but is not strong enough for the level of protection required.",A weak encryption scheme can be subjected to brute force attacks that have a reasonable chance of succeeding using current attack methods and resources.,,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 8, ""Cryptographic Foibles"" Page 259
1116 CWE-325,EN-Missing Required Cryptographic Step (Type: Base),"The software does not implement a required step in a cryptographic algorithm, resulting in weaker encryption than advertised by that algorithm.
1117 Cryptographic implementations should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise encryption can be weaker than expected.",,Unknown,
1118 CWE-326,EN-Inadequate Encryption Strength (Type: Class),"The software stores or transmits sensitive data using an encryption scheme that is theoretically sound, but is not strong enough for the level of protection required.
1119 A weak encryption scheme can be subjected to brute force attacks that have a reasonable chance of succeeding using current attack methods and resources.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 8, ""Cryptographic Foibles"" Page 259
7851120 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 21: Using the Wrong Cryptography."" Page 315"
786 CWE-328,EN-Reversible One-Way Hash (Type: Base),"The product uses a hashing algorithm that produces a hash value that can be used to determine the original input, or to find an input that can produce the same hash, more efficiently than brute force techniques.","This weakness is especially dangerous when the hash is used in security algorithms that require the one-way property to hold. For example, if an authentication system takes an incoming password and generates a hash, then compares the hash to another hash that it has stored in its authentication database, then the ability to create a collision could allow an attacker to provide an alternate password that produces the same target hash, bypassing authentication.",,Unknown,"MD5 considered harmful today: http://www.phreedom.org/research/rogue-ca/
1121 CWE-328,EN-Reversible One-Way Hash (Type: Base),"The product uses a hashing algorithm that produces a hash value that can be used to determine the original input, or to find an input that can produce the same hash, more efficiently than brute force techniques.
1122 This weakness is especially dangerous when the hash is used in security algorithms that require the one-way property to hold. For example, if an authentication system takes an incoming password and generates a hash, then compares the hash to another hash that it has stored in its authentication database, then the ability to create a collision could allow an attacker to provide an alternate password that produces the same target hash, bypassing authentication.",,Unknown,"MD5 considered harmful today: http://www.phreedom.org/research/rogue-ca/
7871123 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Integrity"", Page 47.
7881124 RFC2898 - PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2898
7891125 How To Safely Store A Password: http://codahale.com/how-to-safely-store-a-password/
7921128 Password security: past, present, future: http://www.openwall.com/presentations/PHDays2012-Password-Security/
7931129 Our password hashing has no clothes: http://www.troyhunt.com/2012/06/our-password-hashing-has-no-clothes.html
7941130 Should we really use bcrypt/scrypt?: http://www.analyticalengine.net/2012/06/should-we-really-use-bcryptscrypt/"
795 CWE-33,EN-Path Traversal: .... (Multiple Dot) (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '....' (multiple dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1131 CWE-33,EN-Path Traversal: .... (Multiple Dot) (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '....' (multiple dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1132 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7961133 The '....' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. On some Windows systems, it is equivalent to ""..\..\.."" and might bypass checks that assume only two dots are valid. Incomplete filtering, such as removal of ""./"" sequences, can ultimately produce valid "".."" sequences due to a collapse into unsafe value (CWE-182).",,Unknown,
797 CWE-331,EN-Insufficient Entropy (Type: Base),"The software uses an algorithm or scheme that produces insufficient entropy, leaving patterns or clusters of values that are more likely to occur than others.","When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Unknown,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
798 CWE-334,EN-Small Space of Random Values (Type: Base),"The number of possible random values is smaller than needed by the product, making it more susceptible to brute force attacks.",The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1134 CWE-331,EN-Insufficient Entropy (Type: Base),"The software uses an algorithm or scheme that produces insufficient entropy, leaving patterns or clusters of values that are more likely to occur than others.
1135 When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Unknown,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1136 CWE-334,EN-Small Space of Random Values (Type: Base),"The number of possible random values is smaller than needed by the product, making it more susceptible to brute force attacks.
1137 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
7991138 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
800 CWE-335,EN-PRNG Seed Error (Type: Class),A Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) uses seeds incorrectly.,The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
801 CWE-336,EN-Same Seed in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG uses the same seed each time the product is initialized. If an attacker can guess (or knows) the seed, then he/she may be able to determine the ""random"" number produced from the PRNG.",The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
802 CWE-337,EN-Predictable Seed in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG is initialized from a predictable seed, e.g. using process ID or system time.",The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1139 CWE-335,EN-PRNG Seed Error (Type: Class),"A Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) uses seeds incorrectly.
1140 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
1141 CWE-336,EN-Same Seed in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG uses the same seed each time the product is initialized. If an attacker can guess (or knows) the seed, then he/she may be able to determine the ""random"" number produced from the PRNG.
1142 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1143 CWE-337,EN-Predictable Seed in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG is initialized from a predictable seed, e.g. using process ID or system time.
1144 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8031145 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
804 CWE-339,EN-Small Seed Space in PRNG (Type: Base),A PRNG uses a relatively small space of seeds.,The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
805 CWE-34,EN-Path Traversal: ....// (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '....//' (doubled dot dot slash) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1146 CWE-339,EN-Small Seed Space in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG uses a relatively small space of seeds.
1147 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1148 CWE-34,EN-Path Traversal: ....// (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '....//' (doubled dot dot slash) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1149 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8061150 The '....//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then ""....//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). It could also be useful when "".."" is removed, if the operating system treats ""//"" and ""/"" as equivalent.",,Unknown,
807 CWE-340,EN-Predictability Problems (Type: Class),Weaknesses in this category are related to schemes that generate numbers or identifiers that are more predictable than required by the application.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1151 CWE-340,EN-Predictability Problems (Type: Class),"Weaknesses in this category are related to schemes that generate numbers or identifiers that are more predictable than required by the application.
1152 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8081153 The '....//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then ""....//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). It could also be useful when "".."" is removed, if the operating system treats ""//"" and ""/"" as equivalent.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
809 CWE-341,EN-Predictable from Observable State (Type: Base),"A number or object is predictable based on observations that the attacker can make about the state of the system or network, such as time, process ID, etc.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1154 CWE-341,EN-Predictable from Observable State (Type: Base),"A number or object is predictable based on observations that the attacker can make about the state of the system or network, such as time, process ID, etc.
1155 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8101156 The '....//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then ""....//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). It could also be useful when "".."" is removed, if the operating system treats ""//"" and ""/"" as equivalent.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8111157 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
812 CWE-342,EN-Predictable Exact Value from Previous Values (Type: Base),An exact value or random number can be precisely predicted by observing previous values.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1158 CWE-342,EN-Predictable Exact Value from Previous Values (Type: Base),"An exact value or random number can be precisely predicted by observing previous values.
1159 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8131160 The '....//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then ""....//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). It could also be useful when "".."" is removed, if the operating system treats ""//"" and ""/"" as equivalent.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8141161 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
815 CWE-343,EN-Predictable Value Range from Previous Values (Type: Base),"The software's random number generator produces a series of values which, when observed, can be used to infer a relatively small range of possibilities for the next value that could be generated.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1162 CWE-343,EN-Predictable Value Range from Previous Values (Type: Base),"The software's random number generator produces a series of values which, when observed, can be used to infer a relatively small range of possibilities for the next value that could be generated.
1163 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8161164 Strange Attractors and TCP/IP Sequence Number Analysis: http://www.bindview.com/Services/Razor/Papers/2001/tcpseq.cfm
8171165 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
818 CWE-344,EN-Use of Invariant Value in Dynamically Changing Context (Type: Base),"The product uses a constant value, name, or reference, but this value can (or should) vary across different environments.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
819 CWE-345,EN-Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity (Type: Class),"The software does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231"
820 CWE-346,EN-Origin Validation Error (Type: Base),The software does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.,"The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
821 CWE-347,EN-Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature (Type: Base),"The software does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
822 CWE-348,EN-Use of Less Trusted Source (Type: Base),"The software has two different sources of the same data or information, but it uses the source that has less support for verification, is less trusted, or is less resistant to attack.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
823 CWE-349,EN-Acceptance of Extraneous Untrusted Data With Trusted Data (Type: Base),"The software, when processing trusted data, accepts any untrusted data that is also included with the trusted data, treating the untrusted data as if it were trusted.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
824 CWE-35,EN-Path Traversal: .../...// (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '.../...//' (doubled triple dot slash) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1166 CWE-344,EN-Use of Invariant Value in Dynamically Changing Context (Type: Base),"The product uses a constant value, name, or reference, but this value can (or should) vary across different environments.
1167 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1168 CWE-345,EN-Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity (Type: Class),"The software does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.
1169 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231"
1170 CWE-346,EN-Origin Validation Error (Type: Base),"The software does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
1171 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
1172 CWE-347,EN-Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature (Type: Base),"The software does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.
1173 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
1174 CWE-348,EN-Use of Less Trusted Source (Type: Base),"The software has two different sources of the same data or information, but it uses the source that has less support for verification, is less trusted, or is less resistant to attack.
1175 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
1176 CWE-349,EN-Acceptance of Extraneous Untrusted Data With Trusted Data (Type: Base),"The software, when processing trusted data, accepts any untrusted data that is also included with the trusted data, treating the untrusted data as if it were trusted.
1177 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
1178 CWE-35,EN-Path Traversal: .../...// (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '.../...//' (doubled triple dot slash) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1179 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8251180 The '.../...//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then "".../...//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). Removing the first ""../"" yields ""....//""; the second removal yields ""../"". Depending on the algorithm, the software could be susceptible to CWE-34 but not CWE-35, or vice versa.",,Unknown,
826 CWE-350,EN-Reliance on Reverse DNS Resolution for a Security-Critical Action (Type: Variant),"The software performs reverse DNS resolution on an IP address to obtain the hostname and make a security decision, but it does not properly ensure that the IP address is truly associated with the hostname.","When the software performs a reverse DNS resolution for an IP address, if an attacker controls the server for that IP address, then the attacker can cause the server to return an arbitrary hostname. As a result, the attacker may be able to bypass authentication, cause the wrong hostname to be recorded in log files to hide activities, or perform other attacks.
1181 CWE-350,EN-Reliance on Reverse DNS Resolution for a Security-Critical Action (Type: Variant),"The software performs reverse DNS resolution on an IP address to obtain the hostname and make a security decision, but it does not properly ensure that the IP address is truly associated with the hostname.
1182 When the software performs a reverse DNS resolution for an IP address, if an attacker controls the server for that IP address, then the attacker can cause the server to return an arbitrary hostname. As a result, the attacker may be able to bypass authentication, cause the wrong hostname to be recorded in log files to hide activities, or perform other attacks.
8271183 Attackers can spoof DNS names by either (1) compromising a DNS server and modifying its records (sometimes called DNS cache poisoning), or (2) having legitimate control over a DNS server associated with their IP address.
8281184 Since DNS names can be easily spoofed or misreported, and it may be difficult for the software to detect if a trusted DNS server has not been compromised, they do not constitute a valid authentication mechanism.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231
8291185 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 24: Trusting Network Name Resolution."" Page 361
8301186 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 16, ""DNS Spoofing"", Page 1002."
831 CWE-351,EN-Insufficient Type Distinction (Type: Base),The software does not properly distinguish between different types of elements in a way that leads to insecure behavior.,"When the software performs a reverse DNS resolution for an IP address, if an attacker controls the server for that IP address, then the attacker can cause the server to return an arbitrary hostname. As a result, the attacker may be able to bypass authentication, cause the wrong hostname to be recorded in log files to hide activities, or perform other attacks.
1187 CWE-351,EN-Insufficient Type Distinction (Type: Base),"The software does not properly distinguish between different types of elements in a way that leads to insecure behavior.
1188 When the software performs a reverse DNS resolution for an IP address, if an attacker controls the server for that IP address, then the attacker can cause the server to return an arbitrary hostname. As a result, the attacker may be able to bypass authentication, cause the wrong hostname to be recorded in log files to hide activities, or perform other attacks.
8321189 Attackers can spoof DNS names by either (1) compromising a DNS server and modifying its records (sometimes called DNS cache poisoning), or (2) having legitimate control over a DNS server associated with their IP address.
8331190 Since DNS names can be easily spoofed or misreported, and it may be difficult for the software to detect if a trusted DNS server has not been compromised, they do not constitute a valid authentication mechanism.",,Unknown,
834 CWE-356,EN-Product UI does not Warn User of Unsafe Actions (Type: Base),The software's user interface does not warn the user before undertaking an unsafe action on behalf of that user. This makes it easier for attackers to trick users into inflicting damage to their system.,"Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
835 CWE-357,EN-Insufficient UI Warning of Dangerous Operations (Type: Base),"The user interface provides a warning to a user regarding dangerous or sensitive operations, but the warning is not noticeable enough to warrant attention.","Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
836 CWE-358,EN-Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard (Type: Base),"The software does not implement or incorrectly implements one or more security-relevant checks as specified by the design of a standardized algorithm, protocol, or technique.","Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
837 CWE-359,EN-Privacy Violation (Type: Class),"Mishandling private information, such as customer passwords or social security numbers, can compromise user privacy and is often illegal.","Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,"AOL man pleads guilty to selling 92m email addies: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/02/07/aol_email_theft/
1191 CWE-356,EN-Product UI does not Warn User of Unsafe Actions (Type: Base),"The software's user interface does not warn the user before undertaking an unsafe action on behalf of that user. This makes it easier for attackers to trick users into inflicting damage to their system.
1192 Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
1193 CWE-357,EN-Insufficient UI Warning of Dangerous Operations (Type: Base),"The user interface provides a warning to a user regarding dangerous or sensitive operations, but the warning is not noticeable enough to warrant attention.
1194 Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
1195 CWE-358,EN-Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard (Type: Base),"The software does not implement or incorrectly implements one or more security-relevant checks as specified by the design of a standardized algorithm, protocol, or technique.
1196 Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
1197 CWE-359,EN-Privacy Violation (Type: Class),"Mishandling private information, such as customer passwords or social security numbers, can compromise user privacy and is often illegal.
1198 Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,"AOL man pleads guilty to selling 92m email addies: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/02/07/aol_email_theft/
8381199 Safe Harbor Privacy Framework: http://www.export.gov/safeharbor/
8391200 Financial Privacy: The Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA): http://www.ftc.gov/privacy/glbact/index.html
8401201 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA): http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/hipaa/
8411202 California SB-1386: http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/01-02/bill/sen/sb_1351-1400/sb_1386_bill_20020926_chaptered.html
8421203 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8431204 Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/"
844 CWE-36,EN-Absolute Path Traversal (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize absolute path sequences such as ""/abs/path"" that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Filenames and Paths"", Page 503."
845 CWE-363,EN-Race Condition Enabling Link Following (Type: Base),"The software checks the status of a file or directory before accessing it, which produces a race condition in which the file can be replaced with a link before the access is performed, causing the software to access the wrong file.","While developers might expect that there is a very narrow time window between the time of check and time of use, there is still a race condition. An attacker could cause the software to slow down (e.g. with memory consumption), causing the time window to become larger. Alternately, in some situations, the attacker could win the race by performing a large number of attacks.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Race Conditions"", Page 526."
846 CWE-368,EN-Context Switching Race Condition (Type: Base),"A product performs a series of non-atomic actions to switch between contexts that cross privilege or other security boundaries, but a race condition allows an attacker to modify or misrepresent the product's behavior during the switch.","This is commonly seen in web browser vulnerabilities in which the attacker can perform certain actions while the browser is transitioning from a trusted to an untrusted domain, or vice versa, and the browser performs the actions on one domain using the trust level and resources of the other domain.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
847 CWE-37,EN-Path Traversal: /absolute/pathname/here (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts input in the form of a slash absolute path ('/absolute/pathname/here') without appropriate validation can allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"This weakness typically occurs when an unexpected value is provided to the product, or if an error occurs that is not properly detected. It frequently occurs in calculations involving physical dimensions such as size, length, width, and height.",,Unknown,
848 CWE-372,EN-Incomplete Internal State Distinction (Type: Base),"The software does not properly determine which state it is in, causing it to assume it is in state X when in fact it is in state Y, causing it to perform incorrect operations in a security-relevant manner.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,
849 CWE-373,EN-DEPRECATED: State Synchronization Error (Type: Base),This entry was deprecated because it overlapped the same concepts as race condition (CWE-362) and Improper Synchronization (CWE-662).,"If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,
850 CWE-377,EN-Insecure Temporary File (Type: Base),Creating and using insecure temporary files can leave application and system data vulnerable to attack.,"If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 23, ""Creating Temporary Files Securely"" Page 682
1205 CWE-36,EN-Absolute Path Traversal (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize absolute path sequences such as ""/abs/path"" that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1206 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Filenames and Paths"", Page 503."
1207 CWE-363,EN-Race Condition Enabling Link Following (Type: Base),"The software checks the status of a file or directory before accessing it, which produces a race condition in which the file can be replaced with a link before the access is performed, causing the software to access the wrong file.
1208 While developers might expect that there is a very narrow time window between the time of check and time of use, there is still a race condition. An attacker could cause the software to slow down (e.g. with memory consumption), causing the time window to become larger. Alternately, in some situations, the attacker could win the race by performing a large number of attacks.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Race Conditions"", Page 526."
1209 CWE-368,EN-Context Switching Race Condition (Type: Base),"A product performs a series of non-atomic actions to switch between contexts that cross privilege or other security boundaries, but a race condition allows an attacker to modify or misrepresent the product's behavior during the switch.
1210 This is commonly seen in web browser vulnerabilities in which the attacker can perform certain actions while the browser is transitioning from a trusted to an untrusted domain, or vice versa, and the browser performs the actions on one domain using the trust level and resources of the other domain.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
1211 CWE-37,EN-Path Traversal: /absolute/pathname/here (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts input in the form of a slash absolute path ('/absolute/pathname/here') without appropriate validation can allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1212 This weakness typically occurs when an unexpected value is provided to the product, or if an error occurs that is not properly detected. It frequently occurs in calculations involving physical dimensions such as size, length, width, and height.",,Unknown,
1213 CWE-372,EN-Incomplete Internal State Distinction (Type: Base),"The software does not properly determine which state it is in, causing it to assume it is in state X when in fact it is in state Y, causing it to perform incorrect operations in a security-relevant manner.
1214 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,
1215 CWE-373,EN-DEPRECATED: State Synchronization Error (Type: Base),"This entry was deprecated because it overlapped the same concepts as race condition (CWE-362) and Improper Synchronization (CWE-662).
1216 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,
1217 CWE-377,EN-Insecure Temporary File (Type: Base),"Creating and using insecure temporary files can leave application and system data vulnerable to attack.
1218 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 23, ""Creating Temporary Files Securely"" Page 682
8511219 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Temporary Files"", Page 538.
8521220 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""File Squatting"", Page 662."
853 CWE-38,EN-Path Traversal: \absolute\pathname\here (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts input in the form of a backslash absolute path ('\absolute\pathname\here') without appropriate validation can allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Unknown,
854 CWE-382,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Use of System.exit() (Type: Variant),"A J2EE application uses System.exit(), which also shuts down its container.","On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Unknown,
855 CWE-383,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Use of Threads (Type: Variant),Thread management in a Web application is forbidden in some circumstances and is always highly error prone.,"Thread management in a web application is forbidden by the J2EE standard in some circumstances and is always highly error prone. Managing threads is difficult and is likely to interfere in unpredictable ways with the behavior of the application container. Even without interfering with the container, thread management usually leads to bugs that are hard to detect and diagnose like deadlock, race conditions, and other synchronization errors.",,Unknown,
856 CWE-386,EN-Symbolic Name not Mapping to Correct Object (Type: Base),"A constant symbolic reference to an object is used, even though the reference can resolve to a different object over time.","In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
1221 CWE-38,EN-Path Traversal: \absolute\pathname\here (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts input in the form of a backslash absolute path ('\absolute\pathname\here') without appropriate validation can allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1222 On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Unknown,
1223 CWE-382,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Use of System.exit() (Type: Variant),"A J2EE application uses System.exit(), which also shuts down its container.
1224 On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Unknown,
1225 CWE-383,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Use of Threads (Type: Variant),"Thread management in a Web application is forbidden in some circumstances and is always highly error prone.
1226 Thread management in a web application is forbidden by the J2EE standard in some circumstances and is always highly error prone. Managing threads is difficult and is likely to interfere in unpredictable ways with the behavior of the application container. Even without interfering with the container, thread management usually leads to bugs that are hard to detect and diagnose like deadlock, race conditions, and other synchronization errors.",,Unknown,
1227 CWE-386,EN-Symbolic Name not Mapping to Correct Object (Type: Base),"A constant symbolic reference to an object is used, even though the reference can resolve to a different object over time.
1228 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
8571229 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Unknown,
858 CWE-39,EN-Path Traversal: C:dirname (Type: Variant),An attacker can inject a drive letter or Windows volume letter ('C:dirname') into a software system to potentially redirect access to an unintended location or arbitrary file.,"In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
1230 CWE-39,EN-Path Traversal: C:dirname (Type: Variant),"An attacker can inject a drive letter or Windows volume letter ('C:dirname') into a software system to potentially redirect access to an unintended location or arbitrary file.
1231 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
8591232 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Unknown,
860 CWE-392,EN-Missing Report of Error Condition (Type: Base),The software encounters an error but does not provide a status code or return value to indicate that an error has occurred.,"In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
1233 CWE-392,EN-Missing Report of Error Condition (Type: Base),"The software encounters an error but does not provide a status code or return value to indicate that an error has occurred.
1234 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
8611235 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Unknown,
862 CWE-393,EN-Return of Wrong Status Code (Type: Base),"A function or operation returns an incorrect return value or status code that does not indicate an error, but causes the product to modify its behavior based on the incorrect result.","This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
863 CWE-394,EN-Unexpected Status Code or Return Value (Type: Base),"The software does not properly check when a function or operation returns a value that is legitimate for the function, but is not expected by the software.","This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
864 CWE-395,EN-Use of NullPointerException Catch to Detect NULL Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),Catching NullPointerException should not be used as an alternative to programmatic checks to prevent dereferencing a null pointer.,"This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
865 CWE-396,EN-Declaration of Catch for Generic Exception (Type: Base),Catching overly broad exceptions promotes complex error handling code that is more likely to contain security vulnerabilities.,"Multiple catch blocks can get ugly and repetitive, but ""condensing"" catch blocks by catching a high-level class like Exception can obscure exceptions that deserve special treatment or that should not be caught at this point in the program. Catching an overly broad exception essentially defeats the purpose of Java's typed exceptions, and can become particularly dangerous if the program grows and begins to throw new types of exceptions. The new exception types will not receive any attention.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 9: Catching Exceptions."" Page 157"
866 CWE-397,EN-Declaration of Throws for Generic Exception (Type: Base),Throwing overly broad exceptions promotes complex error handling code that is more likely to contain security vulnerabilities.,"Declaring a method to throw Exception or Throwable makes it difficult for callers to perform proper error handling and error recovery. Java's exception mechanism, for example, is set up to make it easy for callers to anticipate what can go wrong and write code to handle each specific exceptional circumstance. Declaring that a method throws a generic form of exception defeats this system.",,Unknown,
867 CWE-398,EN-Indicator of Poor Code Quality (Type: Class),"The code has features that do not directly introduce a weakness or vulnerability, but indicate that the product has not been carefully developed or maintained.","Programs are more likely to be secure when good development practices are followed. If a program is complex, difficult to maintain, not portable, or shows evidence of neglect, then there is a higher likelihood that weaknesses are buried in the code.",,Unknown,
868 CWE-40,EN-Path Traversal: \\UNC\share\name\ (Windows UNC Share) (Type: Variant),An attacker can inject a Windows UNC share ('\\UNC\share\name') into a software system to potentially redirect access to an unintended location or arbitrary file.,"Programs are more likely to be secure when good development practices are followed. If a program is complex, difficult to maintain, not portable, or shows evidence of neglect, then there is a higher likelihood that weaknesses are buried in the code.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Filelike Objects"", Page 664."
869 CWE-402,EN-Transmission of Private Resources into a New Sphere (Resource Leak) (Type: Class),The software makes resources available to untrusted parties when those resources are only intended to be accessed by the software.,This is often triggered by improper handling of malformed data or unexpectedly interrupted sessions.,,Unknown,
870 CWE-403,EN-Exposure of File Descriptor to Unintended Control Sphere (File Descriptor Leak) (Type: Base),"A process does not close sensitive file descriptors before invoking a child process, which allows the child to perform unauthorized I/O operations using those descriptors.","When a new process is forked or executed, the child process inherits any open file descriptors. When the child process has fewer privileges than the parent process, this might introduce a vulnerability if the child process can access the file descriptor but does not have the privileges to access the associated file.",,Unknown,"File descriptors and setuid applications: https://blogs.oracle.com/paulr/entry/file_descriptors_and_setuid_applications
1236 CWE-393,EN-Return of Wrong Status Code (Type: Base),"A function or operation returns an incorrect return value or status code that does not indicate an error, but causes the product to modify its behavior based on the incorrect result.
1237 This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
1238 CWE-394,EN-Unexpected Status Code or Return Value (Type: Base),"The software does not properly check when a function or operation returns a value that is legitimate for the function, but is not expected by the software.
1239 This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
1240 CWE-395,EN-Use of NullPointerException Catch to Detect NULL Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"Catching NullPointerException should not be used as an alternative to programmatic checks to prevent dereferencing a null pointer.
1241 This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
1242 CWE-396,EN-Declaration of Catch for Generic Exception (Type: Base),"Catching overly broad exceptions promotes complex error handling code that is more likely to contain security vulnerabilities.
1243 Multiple catch blocks can get ugly and repetitive, but ""condensing"" catch blocks by catching a high-level class like Exception can obscure exceptions that deserve special treatment or that should not be caught at this point in the program. Catching an overly broad exception essentially defeats the purpose of Java's typed exceptions, and can become particularly dangerous if the program grows and begins to throw new types of exceptions. The new exception types will not receive any attention.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 9: Catching Exceptions."" Page 157"
1244 CWE-397,EN-Declaration of Throws for Generic Exception (Type: Base),"Throwing overly broad exceptions promotes complex error handling code that is more likely to contain security vulnerabilities.
1245 Declaring a method to throw Exception or Throwable makes it difficult for callers to perform proper error handling and error recovery. Java's exception mechanism, for example, is set up to make it easy for callers to anticipate what can go wrong and write code to handle each specific exceptional circumstance. Declaring that a method throws a generic form of exception defeats this system.",,Unknown,
1246 CWE-398,EN-Indicator of Poor Code Quality (Type: Class),"The code has features that do not directly introduce a weakness or vulnerability, but indicate that the product has not been carefully developed or maintained.
1247 Programs are more likely to be secure when good development practices are followed. If a program is complex, difficult to maintain, not portable, or shows evidence of neglect, then there is a higher likelihood that weaknesses are buried in the code.",,Unknown,
1248 CWE-40,EN-Path Traversal: \\UNC\share\name\ (Windows UNC Share) (Type: Variant),"An attacker can inject a Windows UNC share ('\\UNC\share\name') into a software system to potentially redirect access to an unintended location or arbitrary file.
1249 Programs are more likely to be secure when good development practices are followed. If a program is complex, difficult to maintain, not portable, or shows evidence of neglect, then there is a higher likelihood that weaknesses are buried in the code.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Filelike Objects"", Page 664."
1250 CWE-402,EN-Transmission of Private Resources into a New Sphere (Resource Leak) (Type: Class),"The software makes resources available to untrusted parties when those resources are only intended to be accessed by the software.
1251 This is often triggered by improper handling of malformed data or unexpectedly interrupted sessions.",,Unknown,
1252 CWE-403,EN-Exposure of File Descriptor to Unintended Control Sphere (File Descriptor Leak) (Type: Base),"A process does not close sensitive file descriptors before invoking a child process, which allows the child to perform unauthorized I/O operations using those descriptors.
1253 When a new process is forked or executed, the child process inherits any open file descriptors. When the child process has fewer privileges than the parent process, this might introduce a vulnerability if the child process can access the file descriptor but does not have the privileges to access the associated file.",,Unknown,"File descriptors and setuid applications: https://blogs.oracle.com/paulr/entry/file_descriptors_and_setuid_applications
8711254 Introduction to Secure Coding Guide: https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/security/conceptual/SecureCodingGuide/Articles/AccessControl.html"
872 CWE-405,EN-Asymmetric Resource Consumption (Amplification) (Type: Class),Software that does not appropriately monitor or control resource consumption can lead to adverse system performance.,"This situation is amplified if the software allows malicious users or attackers to consume more resources than their access level permits. Exploiting such a weakness can lead to asymmetric resource consumption, aiding in amplification attacks against the system or the network.",,Unknown,
873 CWE-406,EN-Insufficient Control of Network Message Volume (Network Amplification) (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently monitor or control transmitted network traffic volume, so that an actor can cause the software to transmit more traffic than should be allowed for that actor.","In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Unknown,
874 CWE-408,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Early Amplification (Type: Base),The software allows an entity to perform a legitimate but expensive operation before authentication or authorization has taken place.,"In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Unknown,
875 CWE-409,EN-Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) (Type: Base),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.,"An example of data amplification is a ""decompression bomb,"" a small ZIP file that can produce a large amount of data when it is decompressed.",,Unknown,
876 CWE-41,EN-Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence (Type: Base),The system or application is vulnerable to file system contents disclosure through path equivalence. Path equivalence involves the use of special characters in file and directory names. The associated manipulations are intended to generate multiple names for the same object.,"Path equivalence is usually employed in order to circumvent access controls expressed using an incomplete set of file name or file path representations. This is different from path traversal, wherein the manipulations are performed to generate a name for a different object.",,Unknown,
877 CWE-410,EN-Insufficient Resource Pool (Type: Base),"The software's resource pool is not large enough to handle peak demand, which allows an attacker to prevent others from accessing the resource by using a (relatively) large number of requests for resources.","Frequently the consequence is a ""flood"" of connection or sessions.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 17, ""Protecting Against Denial of Service Attacks"" Page 517"
878 CWE-412,EN-Unrestricted Externally Accessible Lock (Type: Base),"The software properly checks for the existence of a lock, but the lock can be externally controlled or influenced by an actor that is outside of the intended sphere of control.","This prevents the software from acting on associated resources or performing other behaviors that are controlled by the presence of the lock. Relevant locks might include an exclusive lock or mutex, or modifying a shared resource that is treated as a lock. If the lock can be held for an indefinite period of time, then the denial of service could be permanent.",,Unknown,
879 CWE-413,EN-Improper Resource Locking (Type: Base),The software does not lock or does not correctly lock a resource when the software must have exclusive access to the resource.,"When a resource is not properly locked, an attacker could modify the resource while it is being operated on by the software. This might violate the software's assumption that the resource will not change, potentially leading to unexpected behaviors.",,Unknown,
880 CWE-414,EN-Missing Lock Check (Type: Base),A product does not check to see if a lock is present before performing sensitive operations on a resource.,"When a resource is not properly locked, an attacker could modify the resource while it is being operated on by the software. This might violate the software's assumption that the resource will not change, potentially leading to unexpected behaviors.",,Unknown,
881 CWE-419,EN-Unprotected Primary Channel (Type: Base),"The software uses a primary channel for administration or restricted functionality, but it does not properly protect the channel.","The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
1255 CWE-405,EN-Asymmetric Resource Consumption (Amplification) (Type: Class),"Software that does not appropriately monitor or control resource consumption can lead to adverse system performance.
1256 This situation is amplified if the software allows malicious users or attackers to consume more resources than their access level permits. Exploiting such a weakness can lead to asymmetric resource consumption, aiding in amplification attacks against the system or the network.",,Unknown,
1257 CWE-406,EN-Insufficient Control of Network Message Volume (Network Amplification) (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently monitor or control transmitted network traffic volume, so that an actor can cause the software to transmit more traffic than should be allowed for that actor.
1258 In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Unknown,
1259 CWE-408,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Early Amplification (Type: Base),"The software allows an entity to perform a legitimate but expensive operation before authentication or authorization has taken place.
1260 In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Unknown,
1261 CWE-409,EN-Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.
1262 An example of data amplification is a ""decompression bomb,"" a small ZIP file that can produce a large amount of data when it is decompressed.",,Unknown,
1263 CWE-41,EN-Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence (Type: Base),"The system or application is vulnerable to file system contents disclosure through path equivalence. Path equivalence involves the use of special characters in file and directory names. The associated manipulations are intended to generate multiple names for the same object.
1264 Path equivalence is usually employed in order to circumvent access controls expressed using an incomplete set of file name or file path representations. This is different from path traversal, wherein the manipulations are performed to generate a name for a different object.",,Unknown,
1265 CWE-410,EN-Insufficient Resource Pool (Type: Base),"The software's resource pool is not large enough to handle peak demand, which allows an attacker to prevent others from accessing the resource by using a (relatively) large number of requests for resources.
1266 Frequently the consequence is a ""flood"" of connection or sessions.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 17, ""Protecting Against Denial of Service Attacks"" Page 517"
1267 CWE-412,EN-Unrestricted Externally Accessible Lock (Type: Base),"The software properly checks for the existence of a lock, but the lock can be externally controlled or influenced by an actor that is outside of the intended sphere of control.
1268 This prevents the software from acting on associated resources or performing other behaviors that are controlled by the presence of the lock. Relevant locks might include an exclusive lock or mutex, or modifying a shared resource that is treated as a lock. If the lock can be held for an indefinite period of time, then the denial of service could be permanent.",,Unknown,
1269 CWE-413,EN-Improper Resource Locking (Type: Base),"The software does not lock or does not correctly lock a resource when the software must have exclusive access to the resource.
1270 When a resource is not properly locked, an attacker could modify the resource while it is being operated on by the software. This might violate the software's assumption that the resource will not change, potentially leading to unexpected behaviors.",,Unknown,
1271 CWE-414,EN-Missing Lock Check (Type: Base),"A product does not check to see if a lock is present before performing sensitive operations on a resource.
1272 When a resource is not properly locked, an attacker could modify the resource while it is being operated on by the software. This might violate the software's assumption that the resource will not change, potentially leading to unexpected behaviors.",,Unknown,
1273 CWE-419,EN-Unprotected Primary Channel (Type: Base),"The software uses a primary channel for administration or restricted functionality, but it does not properly protect the channel.
1274 The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
8821275 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances.
8831276 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for freeing the memory.
8841277 In this scenario, the memory in question is allocated to another pointer validly at some point after it has been freed. The original pointer to the freed memory is used again and points to somewhere within the new allocation. As the data is changed, it corrupts the validly used memory; this induces undefined behavior in the process.
8851278 If the newly allocated data chances to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap data. If one of these function pointers is overwritten with an address to valid shellcode, execution of arbitrary code can be achieved.",,Unknown,
886 CWE-42,EN-Path Equivalence: filename. (Trailing Dot) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing dot ('filedir.') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
1279 CWE-42,EN-Path Equivalence: filename. (Trailing Dot) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing dot ('filedir.') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1280 The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
8871281 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances.
8881282 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for freeing the memory.
8891283 In this scenario, the memory in question is allocated to another pointer validly at some point after it has been freed. The original pointer to the freed memory is used again and points to somewhere within the new allocation. As the data is changed, it corrupts the validly used memory; this induces undefined behavior in the process.
8901284 If the newly allocated data chances to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap data. If one of these function pointers is overwritten with an address to valid shellcode, execution of arbitrary code can be achieved.",,Unknown,
891 CWE-420,EN-Unprotected Alternate Channel (Type: Base),"The software protects a primary channel, but it does not use the same level of protection for an alternate channel.","The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
1285 CWE-420,EN-Unprotected Alternate Channel (Type: Base),"The software protects a primary channel, but it does not use the same level of protection for an alternate channel.
1286 The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
8921287 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances.
8931288 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for freeing the memory.
8941289 In this scenario, the memory in question is allocated to another pointer validly at some point after it has been freed. The original pointer to the freed memory is used again and points to somewhere within the new allocation. As the data is changed, it corrupts the validly used memory; this induces undefined behavior in the process.
8951290 If the newly allocated data chances to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap data. If one of these function pointers is overwritten with an address to valid shellcode, execution of arbitrary code can be achieved.",,Unknown,
896 CWE-421,EN-Race Condition During Access to Alternate Channel (Type: Base),"The product opens an alternate channel to communicate with an authorized user, but the channel is accessible to other actors.",This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.,,Unknown,"Discovering and Exploiting Named Pipe Security Flaws for Fun and Profit: http://www.blakewatts.com/namedpipepaper.html
1291 CWE-421,EN-Race Condition During Access to Alternate Channel (Type: Base),"The product opens an alternate channel to communicate with an authorized user, but the channel is accessible to other actors.
1292 This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.",,Unknown,"Discovering and Exploiting Named Pipe Security Flaws for Fun and Profit: http://www.blakewatts.com/namedpipepaper.html
8971293 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
898 CWE-422,EN-Unprotected Windows Messaging Channel (Shatter) (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly verify the source of a message in the Windows Messaging System while running at elevated privileges, creating an alternate channel through which an attacker can directly send a message to the product.",This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.,,Unknown,"Exploiting design flaws in the Win32 API for privilege escalation. Or... Shatter Attacks - How to break Windows: http://web.archive.org/web/20060115174629/http://security.tombom.co.uk/shatter.html
1294 CWE-422,EN-Unprotected Windows Messaging Channel (Shatter) (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly verify the source of a message in the Windows Messaging System while running at elevated privileges, creating an alternate channel through which an attacker can directly send a message to the product.
1295 This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.",,Unknown,"Exploiting design flaws in the Win32 API for privilege escalation. Or... Shatter Attacks - How to break Windows: http://web.archive.org/web/20060115174629/http://security.tombom.co.uk/shatter.html
8991296 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Design Review."" Page 34.
9001297 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 12, ""Shatter Attacks"", Page 694."
901 CWE-423,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Proxied Trusted Channel (Type: Base),This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-441. All content has been transferred to CWE-441.,This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.,,Unknown,
902 CWE-424,EN-Improper Protection of Alternate Path (Type: Class),The product does not sufficiently protect all possible paths that a user can take to access restricted functionality or resources.,This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.,,Unknown,
903 CWE-425,EN-Direct Request (Forced Browsing) (Type: Base),"The web application does not adequately enforce appropriate authorization on all restricted URLs, scripts, or files.",Web applications susceptible to direct request attacks often make the false assumption that such resources can only be reached through a given navigation path and so only apply authorization at certain points in the path.,,Unknown,
904 CWE-427,EN-Uncontrolled Search Path Element (Type: Base),"The product uses a fixed or controlled search path to find resources, but one or more locations in that path can be under the control of unintended actors.","Although this weakness can occur with any type of resource, it is frequently introduced when a product uses a directory search path to find executables or code libraries, but the path contains a directory that can be modified by an attacker, such as ""/tmp"" or the current working directory.
1298 CWE-423,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Proxied Trusted Channel (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-441. All content has been transferred to CWE-441.
1299 This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.",,Unknown,
1300 CWE-424,EN-Improper Protection of Alternate Path (Type: Class),"The product does not sufficiently protect all possible paths that a user can take to access restricted functionality or resources.
1301 This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.",,Unknown,
1302 CWE-425,EN-Direct Request (Forced Browsing) (Type: Base),"The web application does not adequately enforce appropriate authorization on all restricted URLs, scripts, or files.
1303 Web applications susceptible to direct request attacks often make the false assumption that such resources can only be reached through a given navigation path and so only apply authorization at certain points in the path.",,Unknown,
1304 CWE-427,EN-Uncontrolled Search Path Element (Type: Base),"The product uses a fixed or controlled search path to find resources, but one or more locations in that path can be under the control of unintended actors.
1305 Although this weakness can occur with any type of resource, it is frequently introduced when a product uses a directory search path to find executables or code libraries, but the path contains a directory that can be modified by an attacker, such as ""/tmp"" or the current working directory.
9051306 In Windows-based systems, when the LoadLibrary or LoadLibraryEx function is called with a DLL name that does not contain a fully qualified path, the function follows a search order that includes two path elements that might be uncontrolled:
9061307 the directory from which the program has been loaded
9071308 the current working directory.
9151316 Insecure Library Loading Could Allow Remote Code Execution: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/advisory/2269637.mspx
9161317 Application DLL Load Hijacking: http://blog.rapid7.com/?p=5325
9171318 DLL Hijacking: Facts and Fiction: http://threatpost.com/en_us/blogs/dll-hijacking-facts-and-fiction-082610"
918 CWE-428,EN-Unquoted Search Path or Element (Type: Base),"The product uses a search path that contains an unquoted element, in which the element contains whitespace or other separators. This can cause the product to access resources in a parent path.","If a malicious individual has access to the file system, it is possible to elevate privileges by inserting such a file as ""C:\Program.exe"" to be run by a privileged program making use of WinExec.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Process Loading"", Page 654."
919 CWE-43,EN-Path Equivalence: filename.... (Multiple Trailing Dot) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple trailing dot ('filedir....') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"If a malicious individual has access to the file system, it is possible to elevate privileges by inserting such a file as ""C:\Program.exe"" to be run by a privileged program making use of WinExec.",,Unknown,
920 CWE-430,EN-Deployment of Wrong Handler (Type: Base),"The wrong ""handler"" is assigned to process an object.","An example of deploying the wrong handler would be calling a servlet to reveal source code of a .JSP file, or automatically ""determining"" type of the object even if it is contradictory to an explicitly specified type.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
921 CWE-431,EN-Missing Handler (Type: Base),A handler is not available or implemented.,"When an exception is thrown and not caught, the process has given up an opportunity to decide if a given failure or event is worth a change in execution.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
922 CWE-432,EN-Dangerous Signal Handler not Disabled During Sensitive Operations (Type: Base),"The application uses a signal handler that shares state with other signal handlers, but it does not properly mask or prevent those signal handlers from being invoked while the original signal handler is still running.","During the execution of a signal handler, it can be interrupted by another handler when a different signal is sent. If the two handlers share state - such as global variables - then an attacker can corrupt the state by sending another signal before the first handler has completed execution.",,Unknown,
923 CWE-433,EN-Unparsed Raw Web Content Delivery (Type: Variant),The software stores raw content or supporting code under the web document root with an extension that is not specifically handled by the server.,"If code is stored in a file with an extension such as "".inc"" or "".pl"", and the web server does not have a handler for that extension, then the server will likely send the contents of the file directly to the requester without the pre-processing that was expected. When that file contains sensitive information such as database credentials, this may allow the attacker to compromise the application or associated components.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
924 CWE-435,EN-Interaction Error (Type: Class),"An interaction error occurs when two entities work correctly when running independently, but they interact in unexpected ways when they are run together.","This could apply to products, systems, components, etc.",,Unknown,
925 CWE-436,EN-Interpretation Conflict (Type: Base),"Product A handles inputs or steps differently than Product B, which causes A to perform incorrect actions based on its perception of B's state.","This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,"On Interpretation Conflict Vulnerabilities
1319 CWE-428,EN-Unquoted Search Path or Element (Type: Base),"The product uses a search path that contains an unquoted element, in which the element contains whitespace or other separators. This can cause the product to access resources in a parent path.
1320 If a malicious individual has access to the file system, it is possible to elevate privileges by inserting such a file as ""C:\Program.exe"" to be run by a privileged program making use of WinExec.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Process Loading"", Page 654."
1321 CWE-43,EN-Path Equivalence: filename.... (Multiple Trailing Dot) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple trailing dot ('filedir....') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1322 If a malicious individual has access to the file system, it is possible to elevate privileges by inserting such a file as ""C:\Program.exe"" to be run by a privileged program making use of WinExec.",,Unknown,
1323 CWE-430,EN-Deployment of Wrong Handler (Type: Base),"The wrong ""handler"" is assigned to process an object.
1324 An example of deploying the wrong handler would be calling a servlet to reveal source code of a .JSP file, or automatically ""determining"" type of the object even if it is contradictory to an explicitly specified type.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
1325 CWE-431,EN-Missing Handler (Type: Base),"A handler is not available or implemented.
1326 When an exception is thrown and not caught, the process has given up an opportunity to decide if a given failure or event is worth a change in execution.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
1327 CWE-432,EN-Dangerous Signal Handler not Disabled During Sensitive Operations (Type: Base),"The application uses a signal handler that shares state with other signal handlers, but it does not properly mask or prevent those signal handlers from being invoked while the original signal handler is still running.
1328 During the execution of a signal handler, it can be interrupted by another handler when a different signal is sent. If the two handlers share state - such as global variables - then an attacker can corrupt the state by sending another signal before the first handler has completed execution.",,Unknown,
1329 CWE-433,EN-Unparsed Raw Web Content Delivery (Type: Variant),"The software stores raw content or supporting code under the web document root with an extension that is not specifically handled by the server.
1330 If code is stored in a file with an extension such as "".inc"" or "".pl"", and the web server does not have a handler for that extension, then the server will likely send the contents of the file directly to the requester without the pre-processing that was expected. When that file contains sensitive information such as database credentials, this may allow the attacker to compromise the application or associated components.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
1331 CWE-435,EN-Interaction Error (Type: Class),"An interaction error occurs when two entities work correctly when running independently, but they interact in unexpected ways when they are run together.
1332 This could apply to products, systems, components, etc.",,Unknown,
1333 CWE-436,EN-Interpretation Conflict (Type: Base),"Product A handles inputs or steps differently than Product B, which causes A to perform incorrect actions based on its perception of B's state.
1334 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,"On Interpretation Conflict Vulnerabilities
9261335 Insertion, Evasion, and Denial of Service: Eluding Network Intrusion Detection: http://www.insecure.org/stf/secnet_ids/secnet_ids.pdf
9271336 0x00 vs ASP file upload scripts: http://www.security-assessment.com/Whitepapers/0x00_vs_ASP_File_Uploads.pdf
9281337 Poison NULL byte
9291338 Re: Corsaire Security Advisory - Multiple vendor MIME RFC2047 encoding: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=bugtraq&m=109525864717484&w=2"
930 CWE-437,EN-Incomplete Model of Endpoint Features (Type: Base),"A product acts as an intermediary or monitor between two or more endpoints, but it does not have a complete model of an endpoint's features, behaviors, or state, potentially causing the product to perform incorrect actions based on this incomplete model.","This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
931 CWE-439,EN-Behavioral Change in New Version or Environment (Type: Base),"A's behavior or functionality changes with a new version of A, or a new environment, which is not known (or manageable) by B.","This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
932 CWE-44,EN-Path Equivalence: file.name (Internal Dot) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of internal dot ('file.ordir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
933 CWE-440,EN-Expected Behavior Violation (Type: Base),"A feature, API, or function being used by a product behaves differently than the product expects.","This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
934 CWE-441,EN-Unintended Proxy or Intermediary (Confused Deputy) (Type: Class),"The software receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the software does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the software's control sphere. This causes the software to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.","If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
1339 CWE-437,EN-Incomplete Model of Endpoint Features (Type: Base),"A product acts as an intermediary or monitor between two or more endpoints, but it does not have a complete model of an endpoint's features, behaviors, or state, potentially causing the product to perform incorrect actions based on this incomplete model.
1340 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
1341 CWE-439,EN-Behavioral Change in New Version or Environment (Type: Base),"A's behavior or functionality changes with a new version of A, or a new environment, which is not known (or manageable) by B.
1342 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
1343 CWE-44,EN-Path Equivalence: file.name (Internal Dot) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of internal dot ('file.ordir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1344 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
1345 CWE-440,EN-Expected Behavior Violation (Type: Base),"A feature, API, or function being used by a product behaves differently than the product expects.
1346 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
1347 CWE-441,EN-Unintended Proxy or Intermediary (Confused Deputy) (Type: Class),"The software receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the software does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the software's control sphere. This causes the software to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.
1348 If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
9351349 Since proxy functionality and message-forwarding often serve a legitimate purpose, this issue only becomes a vulnerability when:
9361350 The software runs with different privileges or on a different system, or otherwise has different levels of access than the upstream component;
9371351 The attacker is prevented from making the request directly to the target; and
9381352 The attacker can create a request that the proxy does not explicitly intend to be forwarded on the behalf of the requester. Such a request might point to an unexpected hostname, port number, or service. Or, the request might be sent to an allowed service, but the request could contain disallowed directives, commands, or resources.",,Unknown,The Confused Deputy (or why capabilities might have been invented): http://www.cap-lore.com/CapTheory/ConfusedDeputy.html
939 CWE-443,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): HTTP response splitting (Type: Base),This weakness can be found at CWE-113.,"If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
1353 CWE-443,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): HTTP response splitting (Type: Base),"This weakness can be found at CWE-113.
1354 If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
9401355 Since proxy functionality and message-forwarding often serve a legitimate purpose, this issue only becomes a vulnerability when:
9411356 The software runs with different privileges or on a different system, or otherwise has different levels of access than the upstream component;
9421357 The attacker is prevented from making the request directly to the target; and
9431358 The attacker can create a request that the proxy does not explicitly intend to be forwarded on the behalf of the requester. Such a request might point to an unexpected hostname, port number, or service. Or, the request might be sent to an allowed service, but the request could contain disallowed directives, commands, or resources.",,Unknown,
944 CWE-444,EN-Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (HTTP Request Smuggling) (Type: Base),"When malformed or abnormal HTTP requests are interpreted by one or more entities in the data flow between the user and the web server, such as a proxy or firewall, they can be interpreted inconsistently, allowing the attacker to ""smuggle"" a request to one device without the other device being aware of it.","If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
1359 CWE-444,EN-Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (HTTP Request Smuggling) (Type: Base),"When malformed or abnormal HTTP requests are interpreted by one or more entities in the data flow between the user and the web server, such as a proxy or firewall, they can be interpreted inconsistently, allowing the attacker to ""smuggle"" a request to one device without the other device being aware of it.
1360 If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
9451361 Since proxy functionality and message-forwarding often serve a legitimate purpose, this issue only becomes a vulnerability when:
9461362 The software runs with different privileges or on a different system, or otherwise has different levels of access than the upstream component;
9471363 The attacker is prevented from making the request directly to the target; and
9481364 The attacker can create a request that the proxy does not explicitly intend to be forwarded on the behalf of the requester. Such a request might point to an unexpected hostname, port number, or service. Or, the request might be sent to an allowed service, but the request could contain disallowed directives, commands, or resources.",,Unknown,HTTP Request Smuggling: http://www.cgisecurity.com/lib/HTTP-Request-Smuggling.pdf
949 CWE-446,EN-UI Discrepancy for Security Feature (Type: Base),"The user interface does not correctly enable or configure a security feature, but the interface provides feedback that causes the user to believe that the feature is in a secure state.","When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
950 CWE-447,EN-Unimplemented or Unsupported Feature in UI (Type: Base),"A UI function for a security feature appears to be supported and gives feedback to the user that suggests that it is supported, but the underlying functionality is not implemented.","When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
951 CWE-448,EN-Obsolete Feature in UI (Type: Base),A UI function is obsolete and the product does not warn the user.,"When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
952 CWE-449,EN-The UI Performs the Wrong Action (Type: Base),The UI performs the wrong action with respect to the user's request.,"When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
953 CWE-45,EN-Path Equivalence: file...name (Multiple Internal Dot) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal dot ('file...dir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
954 CWE-450,EN-Multiple Interpretations of UI Input (Type: Base),The UI has multiple interpretations of user input but does not prompt the user when it selects the less secure interpretation.,"When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
955 CWE-451,EN-UI Misrepresentation of Critical Information (Type: Base),"The UI does not properly represent critical information to the user, allowing the information - or its source - to be obscured or spoofed. This is often a component in phishing attacks.","When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
956 CWE-453,EN-Insecure Default Variable Initialization (Type: Base),"The software, by default, initializes an internal variable with an insecure or less secure value than is possible.","When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
957 CWE-454,EN-External Initialization of Trusted Variables or Data Stores (Type: Base),The software initializes critical internal variables or data stores using inputs that can be modified by untrusted actors.,"A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,
958 CWE-455,EN-Non-exit on Failed Initialization (Type: Base),"The software does not exit or otherwise modify its operation when security-relevant errors occur during initialization, such as when a configuration file has a format error, which can cause the software to execute in a less secure fashion than intended by the administrator.","A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,
959 CWE-456,EN-Missing Initialization of a Variable (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize critical variables, which causes the execution environment to use unexpected values.","A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
960 CWE-458,EN-DEPRECATED: Incorrect Initialization (Type: Base),"This weakness has been deprecated because its name and description did not match. The description duplicated CWE-454, while the name suggested a more abstract initialization problem. Please refer to CWE-665 for the more abstract problem.","In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
961 CWE-459,EN-Incomplete Cleanup (Type: Base),"The software does not properly ""clean up"" and remove temporary or supporting resources after they have been used.","In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
962 CWE-46,EN-Path Equivalence: filename (Trailing Space) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing space ('filedir ') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
963 CWE-463,EN-Deletion of Data Structure Sentinel (Type: Base),The accidental deletion of a data-structure sentinel can cause serious programming logic problems.,"Often times data-structure sentinels are used to mark structure of the data structure. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings. Another common example is linked lists which may contain a sentinel to mark the end of the list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the deletion or modification outside of some wrapper interface which provides safety.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""NUL-Termination Problems"", Page 452."
964 CWE-466,EN-Return of Pointer Value Outside of Expected Range (Type: Base),A function can return a pointer to memory that is outside of the buffer that the pointer is expected to reference.,"Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
965 CWE-47,EN-Path Equivalence: filename (Leading Space) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of leading space (' filedir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Unknown,
966 CWE-470,EN-Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (Unsafe Reflection) (Type: Base),"The application uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.","If the application uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the application to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the application's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the application's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the application.",,Unknown,
967 CWE-471,EN-Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) (Type: Base),The software does not properly protect an assumed-immutable element from being modified by an attacker.,"If the application uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the application to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the application's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the application's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the application.",,Unknown,
968 CWE-472,EN-External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter (Type: Base),"The web application does not sufficiently verify inputs that are assumed to be immutable but are actually externally controllable, such as hidden form fields.","If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
1365 CWE-446,EN-UI Discrepancy for Security Feature (Type: Base),"The user interface does not correctly enable or configure a security feature, but the interface provides feedback that causes the user to believe that the feature is in a secure state.
1366 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1367 CWE-447,EN-Unimplemented or Unsupported Feature in UI (Type: Base),"A UI function for a security feature appears to be supported and gives feedback to the user that suggests that it is supported, but the underlying functionality is not implemented.
1368 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1369 CWE-448,EN-Obsolete Feature in UI (Type: Base),"A UI function is obsolete and the product does not warn the user.
1370 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1371 CWE-449,EN-The UI Performs the Wrong Action (Type: Base),"The UI performs the wrong action with respect to the user's request.
1372 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1373 CWE-45,EN-Path Equivalence: file...name (Multiple Internal Dot) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal dot ('file...dir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1374 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1375 CWE-450,EN-Multiple Interpretations of UI Input (Type: Base),"The UI has multiple interpretations of user input but does not prompt the user when it selects the less secure interpretation.
1376 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1377 CWE-451,EN-UI Misrepresentation of Critical Information (Type: Base),"The UI does not properly represent critical information to the user, allowing the information - or its source - to be obscured or spoofed. This is often a component in phishing attacks.
1378 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1379 CWE-453,EN-Insecure Default Variable Initialization (Type: Base),"The software, by default, initializes an internal variable with an insecure or less secure value than is possible.
1380 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1381 CWE-454,EN-External Initialization of Trusted Variables or Data Stores (Type: Base),"The software initializes critical internal variables or data stores using inputs that can be modified by untrusted actors.
1382 A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,
1383 CWE-455,EN-Non-exit on Failed Initialization (Type: Base),"The software does not exit or otherwise modify its operation when security-relevant errors occur during initialization, such as when a configuration file has a format error, which can cause the software to execute in a less secure fashion than intended by the administrator.
1384 A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,
1385 CWE-456,EN-Missing Initialization of a Variable (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize critical variables, which causes the execution environment to use unexpected values.
1386 A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
1387 CWE-458,EN-DEPRECATED: Incorrect Initialization (Type: Base),"This weakness has been deprecated because its name and description did not match. The description duplicated CWE-454, while the name suggested a more abstract initialization problem. Please refer to CWE-665 for the more abstract problem.
1388 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
1389 CWE-459,EN-Incomplete Cleanup (Type: Base),"The software does not properly ""clean up"" and remove temporary or supporting resources after they have been used.
1390 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
1391 CWE-46,EN-Path Equivalence: filename (Trailing Space) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing space ('filedir ') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1392 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
1393 CWE-463,EN-Deletion of Data Structure Sentinel (Type: Base),"The accidental deletion of a data-structure sentinel can cause serious programming logic problems.
1394 Often times data-structure sentinels are used to mark structure of the data structure. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings. Another common example is linked lists which may contain a sentinel to mark the end of the list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the deletion or modification outside of some wrapper interface which provides safety.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""NUL-Termination Problems"", Page 452."
1395 CWE-466,EN-Return of Pointer Value Outside of Expected Range (Type: Base),"A function can return a pointer to memory that is outside of the buffer that the pointer is expected to reference.
1396 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
1397 CWE-47,EN-Path Equivalence: filename (Leading Space) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of leading space (' filedir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1398 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Unknown,
1399 CWE-470,EN-Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (Unsafe Reflection) (Type: Base),"The application uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.
1400 If the application uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the application to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the application's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the application's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the application.",,Unknown,
1401 CWE-471,EN-Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly protect an assumed-immutable element from being modified by an attacker.
1402 If the application uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the application to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the application's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the application's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the application.",,Unknown,
1403 CWE-472,EN-External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter (Type: Base),"The web application does not sufficiently verify inputs that are assumed to be immutable but are actually externally controllable, such as hidden form fields.
1404 If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
9691405 For example, custom cookies commonly store session data or persistent data across sessions. This kind of session data is normally involved in security related decisions on the server side, such as user authentication and access control. Thus, the cookies might contain sensitive data such as user credentials and privileges. This is a dangerous practice, as it can often lead to improper reliance on the value of the client-provided cookie by the server side application.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 4: Use of Magic URLs, Predictable Cookies, and Hidden Form Fields."" Page 75
9701406 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""Embedding State in HTML and URLs"", Page 1032."
971 CWE-473,EN-PHP External Variable Modification (Type: Variant),"A PHP application does not properly protect against the modification of variables from external sources, such as query parameters or cookies. This can expose the application to numerous weaknesses that would not exist otherwise.","If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
1407 CWE-473,EN-PHP External Variable Modification (Type: Variant),"A PHP application does not properly protect against the modification of variables from external sources, such as query parameters or cookies. This can expose the application to numerous weaknesses that would not exist otherwise.
1408 If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
9721409 For example, custom cookies commonly store session data or persistent data across sessions. This kind of session data is normally involved in security related decisions on the server side, such as user authentication and access control. Thus, the cookies might contain sensitive data such as user credentials and privileges. This is a dangerous practice, as it can often lead to improper reliance on the value of the client-provided cookie by the server side application.",,Unknown,
973 CWE-474,EN-Use of Function with Inconsistent Implementations (Type: Base),"The code uses a function that has inconsistent implementations across operating systems and versions, which might cause security-relevant portability problems.","If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
1410 CWE-474,EN-Use of Function with Inconsistent Implementations (Type: Base),"The code uses a function that has inconsistent implementations across operating systems and versions, which might cause security-relevant portability problems.
1411 If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
9741412 For example, custom cookies commonly store session data or persistent data across sessions. This kind of session data is normally involved in security related decisions on the server side, such as user authentication and access control. Thus, the cookies might contain sensitive data such as user credentials and privileges. This is a dangerous practice, as it can often lead to improper reliance on the value of the client-provided cookie by the server side application.",,Unknown,
975 CWE-475,EN-Undefined Behavior for Input to API (Type: Base),The behavior of this function is undefined unless its control parameter is set to a specific value.,"If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
1413 CWE-475,EN-Undefined Behavior for Input to API (Type: Base),"The behavior of this function is undefined unless its control parameter is set to a specific value.
1414 If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
9761415 For example, custom cookies commonly store session data or persistent data across sessions. This kind of session data is normally involved in security related decisions on the server side, such as user authentication and access control. Thus, the cookies might contain sensitive data such as user credentials and privileges. This is a dangerous practice, as it can often lead to improper reliance on the value of the client-provided cookie by the server side application.",,Unknown,
977 CWE-477,EN-Use of Obsolete Functions (Type: Base),"The code uses deprecated or obsolete functions, which suggests that the code has not been actively reviewed or maintained.","NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Unknown,
978 CWE-478,EN-Missing Default Case in Switch Statement (Type: Variant),"The code does not have a default case in a switch statement, which might lead to complex logical errors and resultant weaknesses.","NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Switch Statements"", Page 337."
979 CWE-48,EN-Path Equivalence: file name (Internal Whitespace) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of internal space ('file(SPACE)name') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
1416 CWE-477,EN-Use of Obsolete Functions (Type: Base),"The code uses deprecated or obsolete functions, which suggests that the code has not been actively reviewed or maintained.
1417 NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Unknown,
1418 CWE-478,EN-Missing Default Case in Switch Statement (Type: Variant),"The code does not have a default case in a switch statement, which might lead to complex logical errors and resultant weaknesses.
1419 NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Switch Statements"", Page 337."
1420 CWE-48,EN-Path Equivalence: file name (Internal Whitespace) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of internal space ('file(SPACE)name') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1421 Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
9801422 Many functions are not reentrant, but some of them can result in the corruption of memory if they are used in a signal handler. The function call syslog() is an example of this. In order to perform its functionality, it allocates a small amount of memory as ""scratch space."" If syslog() is suspended by a signal call and the signal handler calls syslog(), the memory used by both of these functions enters an undefined, and possibly, exploitable state. Implementations of malloc() and free() manage metadata in global structures in order to track which memory is allocated versus which memory is available, but they are non-reentrant. Simultaneous calls to these functions can cause corruption of the metadata.",,Unknown,
981 CWE-485,EN-Insufficient Encapsulation (Type: Class),The product does not sufficiently encapsulate critical data or functionality.,"Encapsulation is about drawing strong boundaries. In a web browser that might mean ensuring that your mobile code cannot be abused by other mobile code. On the server it might mean differentiation between validated data and unvalidated data, between one user's data and another's, or between data users are allowed to see and data that they are not.",,Unknown,
982 CWE-488,EN-Exposure of Data Element to Wrong Session (Type: Variant),"The product does not sufficiently enforce boundaries between the states of different sessions, causing data to be provided to, or used by, the wrong session.","Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
1423 CWE-485,EN-Insufficient Encapsulation (Type: Class),"The product does not sufficiently encapsulate critical data or functionality.
1424 Encapsulation is about drawing strong boundaries. In a web browser that might mean ensuring that your mobile code cannot be abused by other mobile code. On the server it might mean differentiation between validated data and unvalidated data, between one user's data and another's, or between data users are allowed to see and data that they are not.",,Unknown,
1425 CWE-488,EN-Exposure of Data Element to Wrong Session (Type: Variant),"The product does not sufficiently enforce boundaries between the states of different sessions, causing data to be provided to, or used by, the wrong session.
1426 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
9831427 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Unknown,
984 CWE-489,EN-Leftover Debug Code (Type: Base),The application can be deployed with active debugging code that can create unintended entry points.,"Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
1428 CWE-489,EN-Leftover Debug Code (Type: Base),"The application can be deployed with active debugging code that can create unintended entry points.
1429 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
9851430 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Unknown,
986 CWE-49,EN-Path Equivalence: filename/ (Trailing Slash) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing slash ('filedir/') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
1431 CWE-49,EN-Path Equivalence: filename/ (Trailing Slash) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing slash ('filedir/') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1432 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
9871433 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Unknown,
988 CWE-491,EN-Public cloneable() Method Without Final (Object Hijack) (Type: Variant),"A class has a cloneable() method that is not declared final, which allows an object to be created without calling the constructor. This can cause the object to be in an unexpected state.","Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
1434 CWE-491,EN-Public cloneable() Method Without Final (Object Hijack) (Type: Variant),"A class has a cloneable() method that is not declared final, which allows an object to be created without calling the constructor. This can cause the object to be in an unexpected state.
1435 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
9891436 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Unknown,"OWASP , Attack Category : Mobile code: object hijack: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Mobile_code:_object_hijack"
990 CWE-495,EN-Private Array-Typed Field Returned From A Public Method (Type: Variant),"The product has a method that is declared public, but returns a reference to a private array, which could then be modified in unexpected ways.","An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Unknown,
991 CWE-496,EN-Public Data Assigned to Private Array-Typed Field (Type: Variant),Assigning public data to a private array is equivalent to giving public access to the array.,"An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Unknown,
992 CWE-497,EN-Exposure of System Data to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),Exposing system data or debugging information helps an adversary learn about the system and form an attack plan.,"An information exposure occurs when system data or debugging information leaves the program through an output stream or logging function that makes it accessible to unauthorized parties. An attacker can also cause errors to occur by submitting unusual requests to the web application. The response to these errors can reveal detailed system information, deny service, cause security mechanisms to fail, and crash the server. An attacker can use error messages that reveal technologies, operating systems, and product versions to tune the attack against known vulnerabilities in these technologies. An application may use diagnostic methods that provide significant implementation details such as stack traces as part of its error handling mechanism.",,Unknown,
993 CWE-5,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Data Transmission Without Encryption (Type: Variant),Information sent over a network can be compromised while in transit. An attacker may be able to read/modify the contents if the data are sent in plaintext or are weakly encrypted.,"Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,Unknown,
994 CWE-50,EN-Path Equivalence: //multiple/leading/slash (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple leading slash ('//multiple/leading/slash') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,Unknown,
995 CWE-501,EN-Trust Boundary Violation (Type: Base),The product mixes trusted and untrusted data in the same data structure or structured message.,"By combining trusted and untrusted data in the same data structure, it becomes easier for programmers to mistakenly trust unvalidated data.",,Unknown,
996 CWE-506,EN-Embedded Malicious Code (Type: Class),The application contains code that appears to be malicious in nature.,"Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
997 CWE-507,EN-Trojan Horse (Type: Base),"The software appears to contain benign or useful functionality, but it also contains code that is hidden from normal operation that violates the intended security policy of the user or the system administrator.","Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 7, ""Viruses, Trojans, and Worms In a Nutshell"" Page 208"
998 CWE-508,EN-Non-Replicating Malicious Code (Type: Base),Non-replicating malicious code only resides on the target system or software that is attacked; it does not attempt to spread to other systems.,"Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
999 CWE-509,EN-Replicating Malicious Code (Virus or Worm) (Type: Base),"Replicating malicious code, including viruses and worms, will attempt to attack other systems once it has successfully compromised the target system or software.","Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1000 CWE-51,EN-Path Equivalence: /multiple//internal/slash (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal slash ('/multiple//internal/slash/') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1001 CWE-510,EN-Trapdoor (Type: Base),"A trapdoor is a hidden piece of code that responds to a special input, allowing its user access to resources without passing through the normal security enforcement mechanism.","Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1002 CWE-511,EN-Logic/Time Bomb (Type: Base),"The software contains code that is designed to disrupt the legitimate operation of the software (or its environment) when a certain time passes, or when a certain logical condition is met.","When the time bomb or logic bomb is detonated, it may perform a denial of service such as crashing the system, deleting critical data, or degrading system response time. This bomb might be placed within either a replicating or non-replicating Trojan horse.",,Unknown,Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/
1003 CWE-512,EN-Spyware (Type: Base),"The software collects personally identifiable information about a human user or the user's activities, but the software accesses this information using other resources besides itself, and it does not require that user's explicit approval or direct input into the software.","""Spyware"" is a commonly used term with many definitions and interpretations. In general, it is meant to software that collects information or installs functionality that human users might not allow if they were fully aware of the actions being taken by the software. For example, a user might expect that tax software would collect a social security number and include it when filing a tax return, but that same user would not expect gaming software to obtain the social security number from that tax software's data.",,Unknown,
1004 CWE-514,EN-Covert Channel (Type: Class),A covert channel is a path that can be used to transfer information in a way not intended by the system's designers.,Typically the system has not given authorization for the transmission and has no knowledge of its occurrence.,,Unknown,
1005 CWE-516,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Covert Timing Channel (Type: Base),This weakness can be found at CWE-385.,"Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1006 CWE-52,EN-Path Equivalence: /multiple/trailing/slash// (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple trailing slash ('/multiple/trailing/slash//') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1007 CWE-520,EN-.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Impersonation (Type: Variant),Allowing a .NET application to run at potentially escalated levels of access to the underlying operating and file systems can be dangerous and result in various forms of attacks.,"Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1008 CWE-521,EN-Weak Password Requirements (Type: Base),"The product does not require that users should have strong passwords, which makes it easier for attackers to compromise user accounts.","An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1009 CWE-522,EN-Insufficiently Protected Credentials (Type: Base),This weakness occurs when the application transmits or stores authentication credentials and uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.,"An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1010 CWE-523,EN-Unprotected Transport of Credentials (Type: Variant),Login pages not using adequate measures to protect the user name and password while they are in transit from the client to the server.,"An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1011 CWE-524,EN-Information Exposure Through Caching (Type: Variant),"The application uses a cache to maintain a pool of objects, threads, connections, pages, or passwords to minimize the time it takes to access them or the resources to which they connect. If implemented improperly, these caches can allow access to unauthorized information or cause a denial of service vulnerability.","An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1012 CWE-525,EN-Information Exposure Through Browser Caching (Type: Variant),"For each web page, the application should have an appropriate caching policy specifying the extent to which the page and its form fields should be cached.","An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1013 CWE-526,EN-Information Exposure Through Environmental Variables (Type: Variant),Environmental variables may contain sensitive information about a remote server.,"An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1014 CWE-527,EN-Exposure of CVS Repository to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),The product stores a CVS repository in a directory or other container that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,"Information contained within a CVS subdirectory on a web server or other server could be recovered by an attacker and used for malicious purposes. This information may include usernames, filenames, path root, and IP addresses.",,Unknown,
1015 CWE-528,EN-Exposure of Core Dump File to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),The product generates a core dump file in a directory that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,"Information contained within a CVS subdirectory on a web server or other server could be recovered by an attacker and used for malicious purposes. This information may include usernames, filenames, path root, and IP addresses.",,Unknown,
1016 CWE-529,EN-Exposure of Access Control List Files to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),The product stores access control list files in a directory or other container that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,Exposure of these access control list files may give the attacker information about the configuration of the site or system. This information may then be used to bypass the intended security policy or identify trusted systems from which an attack can be launched.,,Unknown,
1017 CWE-53,EN-Path Equivalence: \multiple\\internal\backslash (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal backslash ('\multiple\trailing\\slash') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,Exposure of these access control list files may give the attacker information about the configuration of the site or system. This information may then be used to bypass the intended security policy or identify trusted systems from which an attack can be launched.,,Unknown,
1018 CWE-530,EN-Exposure of Backup File to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),A backup file is stored in a directory that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,"Often, old files are renamed with an extension such as .~bk to distinguish them from production files. The source code for old files that have been renamed in this manner and left in the webroot can often be retrieved. This renaming may have been performed automatically by the web server, or manually by the administrator.",,Unknown,
1019 CWE-531,EN-Information Exposure Through Test Code (Type: Variant),"Accessible test applications can pose a variety of security risks. Since developers or administrators rarely consider that someone besides themselves would even know about the existence of these applications, it is common for them to contain sensitive information or functions.","Often, old files are renamed with an extension such as .~bk to distinguish them from production files. The source code for old files that have been renamed in this manner and left in the webroot can often be retrieved. This renaming may have been performed automatically by the web server, or manually by the administrator.",,Unknown,
1020 CWE-533,EN-Information Exposure Through Server Log Files (Type: Variant),"A server.log file was found. This can give information on whatever application left the file. Usually this can give full path names and system information, and sometimes usernames and passwords.","While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1021 CWE-534,EN-Information Exposure Through Debug Log Files (Type: Variant),The application does not sufficiently restrict access to a log file that is used for debugging.,"While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1022 CWE-535,EN-Information Exposure Through Shell Error Message (Type: Variant),"A command shell error message indicates that there exists an unhandled exception in the web application code. In many cases, an attacker can leverage the conditions that cause these errors in order to gain unauthorized access to the system.","While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1023 CWE-536,EN-Information Exposure Through Servlet Runtime Error Message (Type: Variant),A servlet error message indicates that there exists an unhandled exception in your web application code and may provide useful information to an attacker.,"While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1024 CWE-537,EN-Information Exposure Through Java Runtime Error Message (Type: Variant),"In many cases, an attacker can leverage the conditions that cause unhandled exception errors in order to gain unauthorized access to the system.","While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1025 CWE-538,EN-File and Directory Information Exposure (Type: Base),The product stores sensitive information in files or directories that are accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,"While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191"
1026 CWE-539,EN-Information Exposure Through Persistent Cookies (Type: Variant),Persistent cookies are cookies that are stored on the browser's hard drive. This can cause security and privacy issues depending on the information stored in the cookie and how it is accessed.,"Cookies are small bits of data that are sent by the web application but stored locally in the browser. This lets the application use the cookie to pass information between pages and store variable information. The web application controls what information is stored in a cookie and how it is used. Typical types of information stored in cookies are session Identifiers, personalization and customization information, and in rare cases even usernames to enable automated logins. There are two different types of cookies: session cookies and persistent cookies. Session cookies just live in the browser's memory, and are not stored anywhere, but persistent cookies are stored on the browser's hard drive.",,Unknown,
1027 CWE-54,EN-Path Equivalence: filedir\ (Trailing Backslash) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing backslash ('filedir\') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Cookies are small bits of data that are sent by the web application but stored locally in the browser. This lets the application use the cookie to pass information between pages and store variable information. The web application controls what information is stored in a cookie and how it is used. Typical types of information stored in cookies are session Identifiers, personalization and customization information, and in rare cases even usernames to enable automated logins. There are two different types of cookies: session cookies and persistent cookies. Session cookies just live in the browser's memory, and are not stored anywhere, but persistent cookies are stored on the browser's hard drive.",,Unknown,
1028 CWE-540,EN-Information Exposure Through Source Code (Type: Variant),Source code on a web server often contains sensitive information and should generally not be accessible to users.,"There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1029 CWE-541,EN-Information Exposure Through Include Source Code (Type: Variant),"If an include file source is accessible, the file can contain usernames and passwords, as well as sensitive information pertaining to the application and system.","There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1030 CWE-542,EN-Information Exposure Through Cleanup Log Files (Type: Variant),The application does not properly protect or delete a log file related to cleanup.,"There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1031 CWE-543,EN-Use of Singleton Pattern Without Synchronization in a Multithreaded Context (Type: Variant),The software uses the singleton pattern when creating a resource within a multithreaded environment.,The use of a singleton pattern may not be thread-safe.,,Unknown,Thread-Specifc Storage for C/C++: http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/PDF/TSS-pattern.pdf
1032 CWE-544,EN-Missing Standardized Error Handling Mechanism (Type: Base),"The software does not use a standardized method for handling errors throughout the code, which might introduce inconsistent error handling and resultant weaknesses.","If the application handles error messages individually, on a one-by-one basis, this is likely to result in inconsistent error handling. The causes of errors may be lost. Also, detailed information about the causes of an error may be unintentionally returned to the user.",,Unknown,
1033 CWE-545,EN-Use of Dynamic Class Loading (Type: Variant),Dynamically loaded code has the potential to be malicious.,"If the application handles error messages individually, on a one-by-one basis, this is likely to result in inconsistent error handling. The causes of errors may be lost. Also, detailed information about the causes of an error may be unintentionally returned to the user.",,Unknown,
1034 CWE-546,EN-Suspicious Comment (Type: Variant),"The code contains comments that suggest the presence of bugs, incomplete functionality, or weaknesses.","Many suspicious comments, such as BUG, HACK, FIXME, LATER, LATER2, TODO, in the code indicate missing security functionality and checking. Others indicate code problems that programmers should fix, such as hard-coded variables, error handling, not using stored procedures, and performance issues.",,Unknown,
1035 CWE-547,"EN-Use of Hard-coded, Security-relevant Constants (Type: Variant)","The program uses hard-coded constants instead of symbolic names for security-critical values, which increases the likelihood of mistakes during code maintenance or security policy change.","If the developer does not find all occurrences of the hard-coded constants, an incorrect policy decision may be made if one of the constants is not changed. Making changes to these values will require code changes that may be difficult or impossible once the system is released to the field. In addition, these hard-coded values may become available to attackers if the code is ever disclosed.",,Unknown,
1036 CWE-548,EN-Information Exposure Through Directory Listing (Type: Variant),"A directory listing is inappropriately exposed, yielding potentially sensitive information to attackers.",A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.,,Unknown,
1037 CWE-549,EN-Missing Password Field Masking (Type: Variant),"The software does not mask passwords during entry, increasing the potential for attackers to observe and capture passwords.",A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.,,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1038 CWE-55,EN-Path Equivalence: /./ (Single Dot Directory) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of single dot directory exploit ('/./') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.,,Unknown,
1039 CWE-550,EN-Information Exposure Through Server Error Message (Type: Variant),"Certain conditions, such as network failure, will cause a server error message to be displayed.","While error messages in and of themselves are not dangerous, per se, it is what an attacker can glean from them that might cause eventual problems.",,Unknown,
1040 CWE-551,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Authorization Before Parsing and Canonicalization (Type: Base),"If a web server does not fully parse requested URLs before it examines them for authorization, it may be possible for an attacker to bypass authorization protection.","For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1041 CWE-552,EN-Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties (Type: Base),Files or directories are accessible in the environment that should not be.,"For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1042 CWE-553,EN-Command Shell in Externally Accessible Directory (Type: Variant),A possible shell file exists in /cgi-bin/ or other accessible directories. This is extremely dangerous and can be used by an attacker to execute commands on the web server.,"For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1043 CWE-554,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Not Using Input Validation Framework (Type: Variant),The ASP.NET application does not use an input validation framework.,"For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1044 CWE-555,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Plaintext Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),The J2EE application stores a plaintext password in a configuration file.,"Storing a plaintext password in a configuration file allows anyone who can read the file to access the password-protected resource, making it an easy target for attackers.",,Unknown,
1045 CWE-556,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Identity Impersonation (Type: Variant),Configuring an ASP.NET application to run with impersonated credentials may give the application unnecessary privileges.,The use of impersonated credentials allows an ASP.NET application to run with either the privileges of the client on whose behalf it is executing or with arbitrary privileges granted in its configuration.,,Unknown,
1046 CWE-558,EN-Use of getlogin() in Multithreaded Application (Type: Variant),"The application uses the getlogin() function in a multithreaded context, potentially causing it to return incorrect values.","The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1047 CWE-56,EN-Path Equivalence: filedir* (Wildcard) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of asterisk wildcard ('filedir*') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1048 CWE-560,EN-Use of umask() with chmod-style Argument (Type: Variant),The product calls umask() with an incorrect argument that is specified as if it is an argument to chmod().,"The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1049 CWE-561,EN-Dead Code (Type: Variant),"The software contains dead code, which can never be executed.",Dead code is source code that can never be executed in a running program. The surrounding code makes it impossible for a section of code to ever be executed.,,Unknown,
1050 CWE-562,EN-Return of Stack Variable Address (Type: Base),"A function returns the address of a stack variable, which will cause unintended program behavior, typically in the form of a crash.",Dead code is source code that can never be executed in a running program. The surrounding code makes it impossible for a section of code to ever be executed.,,Unknown,
1051 CWE-563,EN-Unused Variable (Type: Variant),"The variable's value is assigned but never used, making it a dead store.","It is likely that the variable is simply vestigial, but it is also possible that the unused variable points out a bug.",,Unknown,
1052 CWE-564,EN-SQL Injection: Hibernate (Type: Variant),Using Hibernate to execute a dynamic SQL statement built with user-controlled input can allow an attacker to modify the statement's meaning or to execute arbitrary SQL commands.,"It is likely that the variable is simply vestigial, but it is also possible that the unused variable points out a bug.",,Unknown,
1053 CWE-565,EN-Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking (Type: Base),"The application relies on the existence or values of cookies when performing security-critical operations, but it does not properly ensure that the setting is valid for the associated user.","Attackers can easily modify cookies, within the browser or by implementing the client-side code outside of the browser. Reliance on cookies without detailed validation and integrity checking can allow attackers to bypass authentication, conduct injection attacks such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting, or otherwise modify inputs in unexpected ways.",,Unknown,
1054 CWE-566,EN-Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled SQL Primary Key (Type: Variant),"The software uses a database table that includes records that should not be accessible to an actor, but it executes a SQL statement with a primary key that can be controlled by that actor.","When a user can set a primary key to any value, then the user can modify the key to point to unauthorized records.
1437 CWE-495,EN-Private Array-Typed Field Returned From A Public Method (Type: Variant),"The product has a method that is declared public, but returns a reference to a private array, which could then be modified in unexpected ways.
1438 An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Unknown,
1439 CWE-496,EN-Public Data Assigned to Private Array-Typed Field (Type: Variant),"Assigning public data to a private array is equivalent to giving public access to the array.
1440 An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Unknown,
1441 CWE-497,EN-Exposure of System Data to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"Exposing system data or debugging information helps an adversary learn about the system and form an attack plan.
1442 An information exposure occurs when system data or debugging information leaves the program through an output stream or logging function that makes it accessible to unauthorized parties. An attacker can also cause errors to occur by submitting unusual requests to the web application. The response to these errors can reveal detailed system information, deny service, cause security mechanisms to fail, and crash the server. An attacker can use error messages that reveal technologies, operating systems, and product versions to tune the attack against known vulnerabilities in these technologies. An application may use diagnostic methods that provide significant implementation details such as stack traces as part of its error handling mechanism.",,Unknown,
1443 CWE-5,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Data Transmission Without Encryption (Type: Variant),"Information sent over a network can be compromised while in transit. An attacker may be able to read/modify the contents if the data are sent in plaintext or are weakly encrypted.
1444 Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,Unknown,
1445 CWE-50,EN-Path Equivalence: //multiple/leading/slash (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple leading slash ('//multiple/leading/slash') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1446 Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,Unknown,
1447 CWE-501,EN-Trust Boundary Violation (Type: Base),"The product mixes trusted and untrusted data in the same data structure or structured message.
1448 By combining trusted and untrusted data in the same data structure, it becomes easier for programmers to mistakenly trust unvalidated data.",,Unknown,
1449 CWE-506,EN-Embedded Malicious Code (Type: Class),"The application contains code that appears to be malicious in nature.
1450 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1451 CWE-507,EN-Trojan Horse (Type: Base),"The software appears to contain benign or useful functionality, but it also contains code that is hidden from normal operation that violates the intended security policy of the user or the system administrator.
1452 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 7, ""Viruses, Trojans, and Worms In a Nutshell"" Page 208"
1453 CWE-508,EN-Non-Replicating Malicious Code (Type: Base),"Non-replicating malicious code only resides on the target system or software that is attacked; it does not attempt to spread to other systems.
1454 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1455 CWE-509,EN-Replicating Malicious Code (Virus or Worm) (Type: Base),"Replicating malicious code, including viruses and worms, will attempt to attack other systems once it has successfully compromised the target system or software.
1456 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1457 CWE-51,EN-Path Equivalence: /multiple//internal/slash (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal slash ('/multiple//internal/slash/') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1458 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1459 CWE-510,EN-Trapdoor (Type: Base),"A trapdoor is a hidden piece of code that responds to a special input, allowing its user access to resources without passing through the normal security enforcement mechanism.
1460 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1461 CWE-511,EN-Logic/Time Bomb (Type: Base),"The software contains code that is designed to disrupt the legitimate operation of the software (or its environment) when a certain time passes, or when a certain logical condition is met.
1462 When the time bomb or logic bomb is detonated, it may perform a denial of service such as crashing the system, deleting critical data, or degrading system response time. This bomb might be placed within either a replicating or non-replicating Trojan horse.",,Unknown,Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/
1463 CWE-512,EN-Spyware (Type: Base),"The software collects personally identifiable information about a human user or the user's activities, but the software accesses this information using other resources besides itself, and it does not require that user's explicit approval or direct input into the software.
1464 ""Spyware"" is a commonly used term with many definitions and interpretations. In general, it is meant to software that collects information or installs functionality that human users might not allow if they were fully aware of the actions being taken by the software. For example, a user might expect that tax software would collect a social security number and include it when filing a tax return, but that same user would not expect gaming software to obtain the social security number from that tax software's data.",,Unknown,
1465 CWE-514,EN-Covert Channel (Type: Class),"A covert channel is a path that can be used to transfer information in a way not intended by the system's designers.
1466 Typically the system has not given authorization for the transmission and has no knowledge of its occurrence.",,Unknown,
1467 CWE-516,EN-DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Covert Timing Channel (Type: Base),"This weakness can be found at CWE-385.
1468 Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1469 CWE-52,EN-Path Equivalence: /multiple/trailing/slash// (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple trailing slash ('/multiple/trailing/slash//') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1470 Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1471 CWE-520,EN-.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Impersonation (Type: Variant),"Allowing a .NET application to run at potentially escalated levels of access to the underlying operating and file systems can be dangerous and result in various forms of attacks.
1472 Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1473 CWE-521,EN-Weak Password Requirements (Type: Base),"The product does not require that users should have strong passwords, which makes it easier for attackers to compromise user accounts.
1474 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1475 CWE-522,EN-Insufficiently Protected Credentials (Type: Base),"This weakness occurs when the application transmits or stores authentication credentials and uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1476 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1477 CWE-523,EN-Unprotected Transport of Credentials (Type: Variant),"Login pages not using adequate measures to protect the user name and password while they are in transit from the client to the server.
1478 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1479 CWE-524,EN-Information Exposure Through Caching (Type: Variant),"The application uses a cache to maintain a pool of objects, threads, connections, pages, or passwords to minimize the time it takes to access them or the resources to which they connect. If implemented improperly, these caches can allow access to unauthorized information or cause a denial of service vulnerability.
1480 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1481 CWE-525,EN-Information Exposure Through Browser Caching (Type: Variant),"For each web page, the application should have an appropriate caching policy specifying the extent to which the page and its form fields should be cached.
1482 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1483 CWE-526,EN-Information Exposure Through Environmental Variables (Type: Variant),"Environmental variables may contain sensitive information about a remote server.
1484 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1485 CWE-527,EN-Exposure of CVS Repository to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"The product stores a CVS repository in a directory or other container that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1486 Information contained within a CVS subdirectory on a web server or other server could be recovered by an attacker and used for malicious purposes. This information may include usernames, filenames, path root, and IP addresses.",,Unknown,
1487 CWE-528,EN-Exposure of Core Dump File to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"The product generates a core dump file in a directory that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1488 Information contained within a CVS subdirectory on a web server or other server could be recovered by an attacker and used for malicious purposes. This information may include usernames, filenames, path root, and IP addresses.",,Unknown,
1489 CWE-529,EN-Exposure of Access Control List Files to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"The product stores access control list files in a directory or other container that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1490 Exposure of these access control list files may give the attacker information about the configuration of the site or system. This information may then be used to bypass the intended security policy or identify trusted systems from which an attack can be launched.",,Unknown,
1491 CWE-53,EN-Path Equivalence: \multiple\\internal\backslash (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal backslash ('\multiple\trailing\\slash') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1492 Exposure of these access control list files may give the attacker information about the configuration of the site or system. This information may then be used to bypass the intended security policy or identify trusted systems from which an attack can be launched.",,Unknown,
1493 CWE-530,EN-Exposure of Backup File to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"A backup file is stored in a directory that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1494 Often, old files are renamed with an extension such as .~bk to distinguish them from production files. The source code for old files that have been renamed in this manner and left in the webroot can often be retrieved. This renaming may have been performed automatically by the web server, or manually by the administrator.",,Unknown,
1495 CWE-531,EN-Information Exposure Through Test Code (Type: Variant),"Accessible test applications can pose a variety of security risks. Since developers or administrators rarely consider that someone besides themselves would even know about the existence of these applications, it is common for them to contain sensitive information or functions.
1496 Often, old files are renamed with an extension such as .~bk to distinguish them from production files. The source code for old files that have been renamed in this manner and left in the webroot can often be retrieved. This renaming may have been performed automatically by the web server, or manually by the administrator.",,Unknown,
1497 CWE-533,EN-Information Exposure Through Server Log Files (Type: Variant),"A server.log file was found. This can give information on whatever application left the file. Usually this can give full path names and system information, and sometimes usernames and passwords.
1498 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1499 CWE-534,EN-Information Exposure Through Debug Log Files (Type: Variant),"The application does not sufficiently restrict access to a log file that is used for debugging.
1500 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1501 CWE-535,EN-Information Exposure Through Shell Error Message (Type: Variant),"A command shell error message indicates that there exists an unhandled exception in the web application code. In many cases, an attacker can leverage the conditions that cause these errors in order to gain unauthorized access to the system.
1502 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1503 CWE-536,EN-Information Exposure Through Servlet Runtime Error Message (Type: Variant),"A servlet error message indicates that there exists an unhandled exception in your web application code and may provide useful information to an attacker.
1504 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1505 CWE-537,EN-Information Exposure Through Java Runtime Error Message (Type: Variant),"In many cases, an attacker can leverage the conditions that cause unhandled exception errors in order to gain unauthorized access to the system.
1506 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1507 CWE-538,EN-File and Directory Information Exposure (Type: Base),"The product stores sensitive information in files or directories that are accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1508 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191"
1509 CWE-539,EN-Information Exposure Through Persistent Cookies (Type: Variant),"Persistent cookies are cookies that are stored on the browser's hard drive. This can cause security and privacy issues depending on the information stored in the cookie and how it is accessed.
1510 Cookies are small bits of data that are sent by the web application but stored locally in the browser. This lets the application use the cookie to pass information between pages and store variable information. The web application controls what information is stored in a cookie and how it is used. Typical types of information stored in cookies are session Identifiers, personalization and customization information, and in rare cases even usernames to enable automated logins. There are two different types of cookies: session cookies and persistent cookies. Session cookies just live in the browser's memory, and are not stored anywhere, but persistent cookies are stored on the browser's hard drive.",,Unknown,
1511 CWE-54,EN-Path Equivalence: filedir\ (Trailing Backslash) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing backslash ('filedir\') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1512 Cookies are small bits of data that are sent by the web application but stored locally in the browser. This lets the application use the cookie to pass information between pages and store variable information. The web application controls what information is stored in a cookie and how it is used. Typical types of information stored in cookies are session Identifiers, personalization and customization information, and in rare cases even usernames to enable automated logins. There are two different types of cookies: session cookies and persistent cookies. Session cookies just live in the browser's memory, and are not stored anywhere, but persistent cookies are stored on the browser's hard drive.",,Unknown,
1513 CWE-540,EN-Information Exposure Through Source Code (Type: Variant),"Source code on a web server often contains sensitive information and should generally not be accessible to users.
1514 There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1515 CWE-541,EN-Information Exposure Through Include Source Code (Type: Variant),"If an include file source is accessible, the file can contain usernames and passwords, as well as sensitive information pertaining to the application and system.
1516 There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1517 CWE-542,EN-Information Exposure Through Cleanup Log Files (Type: Variant),"The application does not properly protect or delete a log file related to cleanup.
1518 There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1519 CWE-543,EN-Use of Singleton Pattern Without Synchronization in a Multithreaded Context (Type: Variant),"The software uses the singleton pattern when creating a resource within a multithreaded environment.
1520 The use of a singleton pattern may not be thread-safe.",,Unknown,Thread-Specifc Storage for C/C++: http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/PDF/TSS-pattern.pdf
1521 CWE-544,EN-Missing Standardized Error Handling Mechanism (Type: Base),"The software does not use a standardized method for handling errors throughout the code, which might introduce inconsistent error handling and resultant weaknesses.
1522 If the application handles error messages individually, on a one-by-one basis, this is likely to result in inconsistent error handling. The causes of errors may be lost. Also, detailed information about the causes of an error may be unintentionally returned to the user.",,Unknown,
1523 CWE-545,EN-Use of Dynamic Class Loading (Type: Variant),"Dynamically loaded code has the potential to be malicious.
1524 If the application handles error messages individually, on a one-by-one basis, this is likely to result in inconsistent error handling. The causes of errors may be lost. Also, detailed information about the causes of an error may be unintentionally returned to the user.",,Unknown,
1525 CWE-546,EN-Suspicious Comment (Type: Variant),"The code contains comments that suggest the presence of bugs, incomplete functionality, or weaknesses.
1526 Many suspicious comments, such as BUG, HACK, FIXME, LATER, LATER2, TODO, in the code indicate missing security functionality and checking. Others indicate code problems that programmers should fix, such as hard-coded variables, error handling, not using stored procedures, and performance issues.",,Unknown,
1527 CWE-547,"EN-Use of Hard-coded, Security-relevant Constants (Type: Variant)","The program uses hard-coded constants instead of symbolic names for security-critical values, which increases the likelihood of mistakes during code maintenance or security policy change.
1528 If the developer does not find all occurrences of the hard-coded constants, an incorrect policy decision may be made if one of the constants is not changed. Making changes to these values will require code changes that may be difficult or impossible once the system is released to the field. In addition, these hard-coded values may become available to attackers if the code is ever disclosed.",,Unknown,
1529 CWE-548,EN-Information Exposure Through Directory Listing (Type: Variant),"A directory listing is inappropriately exposed, yielding potentially sensitive information to attackers.
1530 A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.",,Unknown,
1531 CWE-549,EN-Missing Password Field Masking (Type: Variant),"The software does not mask passwords during entry, increasing the potential for attackers to observe and capture passwords.
1532 A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1533 CWE-55,EN-Path Equivalence: /./ (Single Dot Directory) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of single dot directory exploit ('/./') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1534 A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.",,Unknown,
1535 CWE-550,EN-Information Exposure Through Server Error Message (Type: Variant),"Certain conditions, such as network failure, will cause a server error message to be displayed.
1536 While error messages in and of themselves are not dangerous, per se, it is what an attacker can glean from them that might cause eventual problems.",,Unknown,
1537 CWE-551,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order: Authorization Before Parsing and Canonicalization (Type: Base),"If a web server does not fully parse requested URLs before it examines them for authorization, it may be possible for an attacker to bypass authorization protection.
1538 For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1539 CWE-552,EN-Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties (Type: Base),"Files or directories are accessible in the environment that should not be.
1540 For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1541 CWE-553,EN-Command Shell in Externally Accessible Directory (Type: Variant),"A possible shell file exists in /cgi-bin/ or other accessible directories. This is extremely dangerous and can be used by an attacker to execute commands on the web server.
1542 For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1543 CWE-554,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Not Using Input Validation Framework (Type: Variant),"The ASP.NET application does not use an input validation framework.
1544 For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1545 CWE-555,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Plaintext Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application stores a plaintext password in a configuration file.
1546 Storing a plaintext password in a configuration file allows anyone who can read the file to access the password-protected resource, making it an easy target for attackers.",,Unknown,
1547 CWE-556,EN-ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Identity Impersonation (Type: Variant),"Configuring an ASP.NET application to run with impersonated credentials may give the application unnecessary privileges.
1548 The use of impersonated credentials allows an ASP.NET application to run with either the privileges of the client on whose behalf it is executing or with arbitrary privileges granted in its configuration.",,Unknown,
1549 CWE-558,EN-Use of getlogin() in Multithreaded Application (Type: Variant),"The application uses the getlogin() function in a multithreaded context, potentially causing it to return incorrect values.
1550 The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1551 CWE-56,EN-Path Equivalence: filedir* (Wildcard) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of asterisk wildcard ('filedir*') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1552 The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1553 CWE-560,EN-Use of umask() with chmod-style Argument (Type: Variant),"The product calls umask() with an incorrect argument that is specified as if it is an argument to chmod().
1554 The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1555 CWE-561,EN-Dead Code (Type: Variant),"The software contains dead code, which can never be executed.
1556 Dead code is source code that can never be executed in a running program. The surrounding code makes it impossible for a section of code to ever be executed.",,Unknown,
1557 CWE-562,EN-Return of Stack Variable Address (Type: Base),"A function returns the address of a stack variable, which will cause unintended program behavior, typically in the form of a crash.
1558 Dead code is source code that can never be executed in a running program. The surrounding code makes it impossible for a section of code to ever be executed.",,Unknown,
1559 CWE-563,EN-Unused Variable (Type: Variant),"The variable's value is assigned but never used, making it a dead store.
1560 It is likely that the variable is simply vestigial, but it is also possible that the unused variable points out a bug.",,Unknown,
1561 CWE-564,EN-SQL Injection: Hibernate (Type: Variant),"Using Hibernate to execute a dynamic SQL statement built with user-controlled input can allow an attacker to modify the statement's meaning or to execute arbitrary SQL commands.
1562 It is likely that the variable is simply vestigial, but it is also possible that the unused variable points out a bug.",,Unknown,
1563 CWE-565,EN-Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking (Type: Base),"The application relies on the existence or values of cookies when performing security-critical operations, but it does not properly ensure that the setting is valid for the associated user.
1564 Attackers can easily modify cookies, within the browser or by implementing the client-side code outside of the browser. Reliance on cookies without detailed validation and integrity checking can allow attackers to bypass authentication, conduct injection attacks such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting, or otherwise modify inputs in unexpected ways.",,Unknown,
1565 CWE-566,EN-Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled SQL Primary Key (Type: Variant),"The software uses a database table that includes records that should not be accessible to an actor, but it executes a SQL statement with a primary key that can be controlled by that actor.
1566 When a user can set a primary key to any value, then the user can modify the key to point to unauthorized records.
10551567 Database access control errors occur when:
10561568 Data enters a program from an untrusted source.
10571569 The data is used to specify the value of a primary key in a SQL query.
10581570 The untrusted source does not have the permissions to be able to access all rows in the associated table.",,Unknown,
1059 CWE-567,EN-Unsynchronized Access to Shared Data in a Multithreaded Context (Type: Base),"The product does not properly synchronize shared data, such as static variables across threads, which can lead to undefined behavior and unpredictable data changes.","Within servlets, shared static variables are not protected from concurrent access, but servlets are multithreaded. This is a typical programming mistake in J2EE applications, since the multithreading is handled by the framework. When a shared variable can be influenced by an attacker, one thread could wind up modifying the variable to contain data that is not valid for a different thread that is also using the data within the variable.
1571 CWE-567,EN-Unsynchronized Access to Shared Data in a Multithreaded Context (Type: Base),"The product does not properly synchronize shared data, such as static variables across threads, which can lead to undefined behavior and unpredictable data changes.
1572 Within servlets, shared static variables are not protected from concurrent access, but servlets are multithreaded. This is a typical programming mistake in J2EE applications, since the multithreading is handled by the framework. When a shared variable can be influenced by an attacker, one thread could wind up modifying the variable to contain data that is not valid for a different thread that is also using the data within the variable.
10601573 Note that this weakness is not unique to servlets.",,Unknown,
1061 CWE-568,EN-finalize() Method Without super.finalize() (Type: Variant),The software contains a finalize() method that does not call super.finalize().,The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().,,Unknown,
1062 CWE-57,EN-Path Equivalence: fakedir/../realdir/filename (Type: Variant),"The software contains protection mechanisms to restrict access to 'realdir/filename', but it constructs pathnames using external input in the form of 'fakedir/../realdir/filename' that are not handled by those mechanisms. This allows attackers to perform unauthorized actions against the targeted file.",The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().,,Unknown,
1063 CWE-570,EN-Expression is Always False (Type: Variant),The software contains an expression that will always evaluate to false.,The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().,,Unknown,
1064 CWE-571,EN-Expression is Always True (Type: Variant),The software contains an expression that will always evaluate to true.,The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().,,Unknown,
1065 CWE-572,EN-Call to Thread run() instead of start() (Type: Variant),"The program calls a thread's run() method instead of calling start(), which causes the code to run in the thread of the caller instead of the callee.","In most cases a direct call to a Thread object's run() method is a bug. The programmer intended to begin a new thread of control, but accidentally called run() instead of start(), so the run() method will execute in the caller's thread of control.",,Unknown,
1066 CWE-573,EN-Improper Following of Specification by Caller (Type: Class),"The software does not follow or incorrectly follows the specifications as required by the implementation language, environment, framework, protocol, or platform.","When leveraging external functionality, such as an API, it is important that the caller does so in accordance with the requirements of the external functionality or else unintended behaviors may result, possibly leaving the system vulnerable to any number of exploits.",,Unknown,
1067 CWE-574,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of Synchronization Primitives (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using thread synchronization primitives.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use thread synchronization primitives to synchronize execution of multiple instances."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""This rule is required to ensure consistent runtime semantics because while some EJB containers may use a single JVM to execute all enterprise bean's instances, others may distribute the instances across multiple JVMs.""",,Unknown,
1068 CWE-575,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of AWT Swing (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using AWT/Swing.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use the AWT functionality to attempt to output information to a display, or to input information from a keyboard."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""Most servers do not allow direct interaction between an application program and a keyboard/display attached to the server system.""",,Unknown,
1069 CWE-576,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of Java I/O (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using the java.io package.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use the java.io package to attempt to access files and directories in the file system."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""The file system APIs are not well-suited for business components to access data. Business components should use a resource manager API, such as JDBC, to store data.""",,Unknown,
1070 CWE-577,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of Sockets (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using sockets.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not attempt to listen on a socket, accept connections on a socket, or use a socket for multicast."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""The EJB architecture allows an enterprise bean instance to be a network socket client, but it does not allow it to be a network server. Allowing the instance to become a network server would conflict with the basic function of the enterprise bean-- to serve the EJB clients.""",,Unknown,
1071 CWE-578,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of Class Loader (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using the class loader.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""The enterprise bean must not attempt to create a class loader; obtain the current class loader; set the context class loader; set security manager; create a new security manager; stop the JVM; or change the input, output, and error streams."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""These functions are reserved for the EJB container. Allowing the enterprise bean to use these functions could compromise security and decrease the container's ability to properly manage the runtime environment.""",,Unknown,
1072 CWE-579,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Non-serializable Object Stored in Session (Type: Variant),"The application stores a non-serializable object as an HttpSession attribute, which can hurt reliability.","The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""The enterprise bean must not attempt to create a class loader; obtain the current class loader; set the context class loader; set security manager; create a new security manager; stop the JVM; or change the input, output, and error streams."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""These functions are reserved for the EJB container. Allowing the enterprise bean to use these functions could compromise security and decrease the container's ability to properly manage the runtime environment.""",,Unknown,
1073 CWE-58,EN-Path Equivalence: Windows 8.3 Filename (Type: Variant),"The software contains a protection mechanism that restricts access to a long filename on a Windows operating system, but the software does not properly restrict access to the equivalent short ""8.3"" filename.","On later Windows operating systems, a file can have a ""long name"" and a short name that is compatible with older Windows file systems, with up to 8 characters in the filename and 3 characters for the extension. These ""8.3"" filenames, therefore, act as an alternate name for files with long names, so they are useful pathname equivalence manipulations.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code
1574 CWE-568,EN-finalize() Method Without super.finalize() (Type: Variant),"The software contains a finalize() method that does not call super.finalize().
1575 The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().",,Unknown,
1576 CWE-57,EN-Path Equivalence: fakedir/../realdir/filename (Type: Variant),"The software contains protection mechanisms to restrict access to 'realdir/filename', but it constructs pathnames using external input in the form of 'fakedir/../realdir/filename' that are not handled by those mechanisms. This allows attackers to perform unauthorized actions against the targeted file.
1577 The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().",,Unknown,
1578 CWE-570,EN-Expression is Always False (Type: Variant),"The software contains an expression that will always evaluate to false.
1579 The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().",,Unknown,
1580 CWE-571,EN-Expression is Always True (Type: Variant),"The software contains an expression that will always evaluate to true.
1581 The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().",,Unknown,
1582 CWE-572,EN-Call to Thread run() instead of start() (Type: Variant),"The program calls a thread's run() method instead of calling start(), which causes the code to run in the thread of the caller instead of the callee.
1583 In most cases a direct call to a Thread object's run() method is a bug. The programmer intended to begin a new thread of control, but accidentally called run() instead of start(), so the run() method will execute in the caller's thread of control.",,Unknown,
1584 CWE-573,EN-Improper Following of Specification by Caller (Type: Class),"The software does not follow or incorrectly follows the specifications as required by the implementation language, environment, framework, protocol, or platform.
1585 When leveraging external functionality, such as an API, it is important that the caller does so in accordance with the requirements of the external functionality or else unintended behaviors may result, possibly leaving the system vulnerable to any number of exploits.",,Unknown,
1586 CWE-574,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of Synchronization Primitives (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using thread synchronization primitives.
1587 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use thread synchronization primitives to synchronize execution of multiple instances."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""This rule is required to ensure consistent runtime semantics because while some EJB containers may use a single JVM to execute all enterprise bean's instances, others may distribute the instances across multiple JVMs.""",,Unknown,
1588 CWE-575,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of AWT Swing (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using AWT/Swing.
1589 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use the AWT functionality to attempt to output information to a display, or to input information from a keyboard."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""Most servers do not allow direct interaction between an application program and a keyboard/display attached to the server system.""",,Unknown,
1590 CWE-576,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of Java I/O (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using the java.io package.
1591 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use the java.io package to attempt to access files and directories in the file system."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""The file system APIs are not well-suited for business components to access data. Business components should use a resource manager API, such as JDBC, to store data.""",,Unknown,
1592 CWE-577,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of Sockets (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using sockets.
1593 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not attempt to listen on a socket, accept connections on a socket, or use a socket for multicast."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""The EJB architecture allows an enterprise bean instance to be a network socket client, but it does not allow it to be a network server. Allowing the instance to become a network server would conflict with the basic function of the enterprise bean-- to serve the EJB clients.""",,Unknown,
1594 CWE-578,EN-EJB Bad Practices: Use of Class Loader (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using the class loader.
1595 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""The enterprise bean must not attempt to create a class loader; obtain the current class loader; set the context class loader; set security manager; create a new security manager; stop the JVM; or change the input, output, and error streams."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""These functions are reserved for the EJB container. Allowing the enterprise bean to use these functions could compromise security and decrease the container's ability to properly manage the runtime environment.""",,Unknown,
1596 CWE-579,EN-J2EE Bad Practices: Non-serializable Object Stored in Session (Type: Variant),"The application stores a non-serializable object as an HttpSession attribute, which can hurt reliability.
1597 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""The enterprise bean must not attempt to create a class loader; obtain the current class loader; set the context class loader; set security manager; create a new security manager; stop the JVM; or change the input, output, and error streams."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""These functions are reserved for the EJB container. Allowing the enterprise bean to use these functions could compromise security and decrease the container's ability to properly manage the runtime environment.""",,Unknown,
1598 CWE-58,EN-Path Equivalence: Windows 8.3 Filename (Type: Variant),"The software contains a protection mechanism that restricts access to a long filename on a Windows operating system, but the software does not properly restrict access to the equivalent short ""8.3"" filename.
1599 On later Windows operating systems, a file can have a ""long name"" and a short name that is compatible with older Windows file systems, with up to 8 characters in the filename and 3 characters for the extension. These ""8.3"" filenames, therefore, act as an alternate name for files with long names, so they are useful pathname equivalence manipulations.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code
10741600 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""DOS 8.3 Filenames"", Page 673."
1075 CWE-580,EN-clone() Method Without super.clone() (Type: Variant),The software contains a clone() method that does not call super.clone() to obtain the new object.,"All implementations of clone() should obtain the new object by calling super.clone(). If a class does not follow this convention, a subclass's clone() method will return an object of the wrong type.",,Unknown,
1076 CWE-581,EN-Object Model Violation: Just One of Equals and Hashcode Defined (Type: Base),The software does not maintain equal hashcodes for equal objects.,"Java objects are expected to obey a number of invariants related to equality. One of these invariants is that equal objects must have equal hashcodes. In other words, if a.equals(b) == true then a.hashCode() == b.hashCode().",,Unknown,
1077 CWE-582,"EN-Array Declared Public, Final, and Static (Type: Variant)","The program declares an array public, final, and static, which is not sufficient to prevent the array's contents from being modified.","Because arrays are mutable objects, the final constraint requires that the array object itself be assigned only once, but makes no guarantees about the values of the array elements. Since the array is public, a malicious program can change the values stored in the array. As such, in most cases an array declared public, final and static is a bug.",,Unknown,
1078 CWE-583,EN-finalize() Method Declared Public (Type: Variant),The program violates secure coding principles for mobile code by declaring a finalize() method public.,"A program should never call finalize explicitly, except to call super.finalize() inside an implementation of finalize(). In mobile code situations, the otherwise error prone practice of manual garbage collection can become a security threat if an attacker can maliciously invoke one of your finalize() methods because it is declared with public access.",,Unknown,
1079 CWE-584,EN-Return Inside Finally Block (Type: Base),"The code has a return statement inside a finally block, which will cause any thrown exception in the try block to be discarded.","A program should never call finalize explicitly, except to call super.finalize() inside an implementation of finalize(). In mobile code situations, the otherwise error prone practice of manual garbage collection can become a security threat if an attacker can maliciously invoke one of your finalize() methods because it is declared with public access.",,Unknown,
1080 CWE-585,EN-Empty Synchronized Block (Type: Variant),The software contains an empty synchronized block.,An empty synchronized block does not actually accomplish any synchronization and may indicate a troubled section of code. An empty synchronized block can occur because code no longer needed within the synchronized block is commented out without removing the synchronized block.,,Unknown,Intrinsic Locks and Synchronization (in Java): http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/concurrency/locksync.html
1081 CWE-586,EN-Explicit Call to Finalize() (Type: Variant),The software makes an explicit call to the finalize() method from outside the finalizer.,"While the Java Language Specification allows an object's finalize() method to be called from outside the finalizer, doing so is usually a bad idea. For example, calling finalize() explicitly means that finalize() will be called more than once: the first time will be the explicit call and the last time will be the call that is made after the object is garbage collected.",,Unknown,
1082 CWE-587,EN-Assignment of a Fixed Address to a Pointer (Type: Base),The software sets a pointer to a specific address other than NULL or 0.,Using a fixed address is not portable because that address will probably not be valid in all environments or platforms.,,Unknown,
1083 CWE-588,EN-Attempt to Access Child of a Non-structure Pointer (Type: Variant),Casting a non-structure type to a structure type and accessing a field can lead to memory access errors or data corruption.,Using a fixed address is not portable because that address will probably not be valid in all environments or platforms.,,Unknown,
1084 CWE-589,EN-Call to Non-ubiquitous API (Type: Variant),The software uses an API function that does not exist on all versions of the target platform. This could cause portability problems or inconsistencies that allow denial of service or other consequences.,"Some functions that offer security features supported by the OS are not available on all versions of the OS in common use. Likewise, functions are often deprecated or made obsolete for security reasons and should not be used.",,Unknown,
1085 CWE-590,EN-Free of Memory not on the Heap (Type: Variant),"The application calls free() on a pointer to memory that was not allocated using associated heap allocation functions such as malloc(), calloc(), or realloc().","When free() is called on an invalid pointer, the program's memory management data structures may become corrupted. This corruption can cause the program to crash or, in some circumstances, an attacker may be able to cause free() to operate on controllable memory locations to modify critical program variables or execute code.",,Unknown,Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/
1086 CWE-591,EN-Sensitive Data Storage in Improperly Locked Memory (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data in memory that is not locked, or that has been incorrectly locked, which might cause the memory to be written to swap files on disk by the virtual memory manager. This can make the data more accessible to external actors.","On Windows systems the VirtualLock function can lock a page of memory to ensure that it will remain present in memory and not be swapped to disk. However, on older versions of Windows, such as 95, 98, or Me, the VirtualLock() function is only a stub and provides no protection. On POSIX systems the mlock() call ensures that a page will stay resident in memory but does not guarantee that the page will not appear in the swap. Therefore, it is unsuitable for use as a protection mechanism for sensitive data. Some platforms, in particular Linux, do make the guarantee that the page will not be swapped, but this is non-standard and is not portable. Calls to mlock() also require supervisor privilege. Return values for both of these calls must be checked to ensure that the lock operation was actually successful.",,Unknown,
1087 CWE-592,EN-Authentication Bypass Issues (Type: Class),"The software does not properly perform authentication, allowing it to be bypassed through various methods.","On Windows systems the VirtualLock function can lock a page of memory to ensure that it will remain present in memory and not be swapped to disk. However, on older versions of Windows, such as 95, 98, or Me, the VirtualLock() function is only a stub and provides no protection. On POSIX systems the mlock() call ensures that a page will stay resident in memory but does not guarantee that the page will not appear in the swap. Therefore, it is unsuitable for use as a protection mechanism for sensitive data. Some platforms, in particular Linux, do make the guarantee that the page will not be swapped, but this is non-standard and is not portable. Calls to mlock() also require supervisor privilege. Return values for both of these calls must be checked to ensure that the lock operation was actually successful.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
1088 CWE-593,EN-Authentication Bypass: OpenSSL CTX Object Modified after SSL Objects are Created (Type: Variant),The software modifies the SSL context after connection creation has begun.,"If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1089 CWE-594,EN-J2EE Framework: Saving Unserializable Objects to Disk (Type: Variant),When the J2EE container attempts to write unserializable objects to disk there is no guarantee that the process will complete successfully.,"If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1090 CWE-595,EN-Comparison of Object References Instead of Object Contents (Type: Base),"The program compares object references instead of the contents of the objects themselves, preventing it from detecting equivalent objects.","If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1091 CWE-596,EN-Incorrect Semantic Object Comparison (Type: Base),The software does not correctly compare two objects based on their conceptual content.,"If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1092 CWE-597,EN-Use of Wrong Operator in String Comparison (Type: Variant),"The product uses the wrong operator when comparing a string, such as using ""=="" when the equals() method should be used instead.","In Java, using == or != to compare two strings for equality actually compares two objects for equality, not their values. Chances are good that the two references will never be equal. While this weakness often only affects program correctness, if the equality is used for a security decision, it could be leveraged to affect program security.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
1093 CWE-598,EN-Information Exposure Through Query Strings in GET Request (Type: Variant),"The web application uses the GET method to process requests that contain sensitive information, which can expose that information through the browser's history, Referers, web logs, and other sources.","In Java, using == or != to compare two strings for equality actually compares two objects for equality, not their values. Chances are good that the two references will never be equal. While this weakness often only affects program correctness, if the equality is used for a security decision, it could be leveraged to affect program security.",,Unknown,
1094 CWE-599,EN-Missing Validation of OpenSSL Certificate (Type: Variant),The software uses OpenSSL and trusts or uses a certificate without using the SSL_get_verify_result() function to ensure that the certificate satisfies all necessary security requirements.,"This could allow an attacker to use an invalid certificate to claim to be a trusted host, use expired certificates, or conduct other attacks that could be detected if the certificate is properly validated.",,Unknown,
1095 CWE-6,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Insufficient Session-ID Length (Type: Variant),The J2EE application is configured to use an insufficient session ID length.,"If an attacker can guess or steal a session ID, then he/she may be able to take over the user's session (called session hijacking). The number of possible session IDs increases with increased session ID length, making it more difficult to guess or steal a session ID.",,Unknown,No description: http://www.securiteam.com/securityreviews/5TP0F0UEVQ.html
1096 CWE-600,EN-Uncaught Exception in Servlet (Type: Base),"The Servlet does not catch all exceptions, which may reveal sensitive debugging information.","When a Servlet throws an exception, the default error response the Servlet container sends back to the user typically includes debugging information. This information is of great value to an attacker. For example, a stack trace might show the attacker a malformed SQL query string, the type of database being used, and the version of the application container. This information enables the attacker to target known vulnerabilities in these components.",,Unknown,
1097 CWE-603,EN-Use of Client-Side Authentication (Type: Base),"A client/server product performs authentication within client code but not in server code, allowing server-side authentication to be bypassed via a modified client that omits the authentication check.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
1098 CWE-605,EN-Multiple Binds to the Same Port (Type: Base),"When multiple sockets are allowed to bind to the same port, other services on that port may be stolen or spoofed.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,
1099 CWE-606,EN-Unchecked Input for Loop Condition (Type: Base),"The product does not properly check inputs that are used for loop conditions, potentially leading to a denial of service because of excessive looping.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
1100 CWE-607,EN-Public Static Final Field References Mutable Object (Type: Variant),"A public or protected static final field references a mutable object, which allows the object to be changed by malicious code, or accidentally from another package.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,
1101 CWE-608,EN-Struts: Non-private Field in ActionForm Class (Type: Variant),"An ActionForm class contains a field that has not been declared private, which can be accessed without using a setter or getter.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,
1102 CWE-609,EN-Double-Checked Locking (Type: Base),"The program uses double-checked locking to access a resource without the overhead of explicit synchronization, but the locking is insufficient.","Double-checked locking refers to the situation where a programmer checks to see if a resource has been initialized, grabs a lock, checks again to see if the resource has been initialized, and then performs the initialization if it has not occurred yet. This should not be done, as is not guaranteed to work in all languages and on all architectures. In summary, other threads may not be operating inside the synchronous block and are not guaranteed to see the operations execute in the same order as they would appear inside the synchronous block.",,Unknown,"The ""Double-Checked Locking is Broken"" Declaration: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~pugh/java/memoryModel/DoubleCheckedLocking.html
1601 CWE-580,EN-clone() Method Without super.clone() (Type: Variant),"The software contains a clone() method that does not call super.clone() to obtain the new object.
1602 All implementations of clone() should obtain the new object by calling super.clone(). If a class does not follow this convention, a subclass's clone() method will return an object of the wrong type.",,Unknown,
1603 CWE-581,EN-Object Model Violation: Just One of Equals and Hashcode Defined (Type: Base),"The software does not maintain equal hashcodes for equal objects.
1604 Java objects are expected to obey a number of invariants related to equality. One of these invariants is that equal objects must have equal hashcodes. In other words, if a.equals(b) == true then a.hashCode() == b.hashCode().",,Unknown,
1605 CWE-582,"EN-Array Declared Public, Final, and Static (Type: Variant)","The program declares an array public, final, and static, which is not sufficient to prevent the array's contents from being modified.
1606 Because arrays are mutable objects, the final constraint requires that the array object itself be assigned only once, but makes no guarantees about the values of the array elements. Since the array is public, a malicious program can change the values stored in the array. As such, in most cases an array declared public, final and static is a bug.",,Unknown,
1607 CWE-583,EN-finalize() Method Declared Public (Type: Variant),"The program violates secure coding principles for mobile code by declaring a finalize() method public.
1608 A program should never call finalize explicitly, except to call super.finalize() inside an implementation of finalize(). In mobile code situations, the otherwise error prone practice of manual garbage collection can become a security threat if an attacker can maliciously invoke one of your finalize() methods because it is declared with public access.",,Unknown,
1609 CWE-584,EN-Return Inside Finally Block (Type: Base),"The code has a return statement inside a finally block, which will cause any thrown exception in the try block to be discarded.
1610 A program should never call finalize explicitly, except to call super.finalize() inside an implementation of finalize(). In mobile code situations, the otherwise error prone practice of manual garbage collection can become a security threat if an attacker can maliciously invoke one of your finalize() methods because it is declared with public access.",,Unknown,
1611 CWE-585,EN-Empty Synchronized Block (Type: Variant),"The software contains an empty synchronized block.
1612 An empty synchronized block does not actually accomplish any synchronization and may indicate a troubled section of code. An empty synchronized block can occur because code no longer needed within the synchronized block is commented out without removing the synchronized block.",,Unknown,Intrinsic Locks and Synchronization (in Java): http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/concurrency/locksync.html
1613 CWE-586,EN-Explicit Call to Finalize() (Type: Variant),"The software makes an explicit call to the finalize() method from outside the finalizer.
1614 While the Java Language Specification allows an object's finalize() method to be called from outside the finalizer, doing so is usually a bad idea. For example, calling finalize() explicitly means that finalize() will be called more than once: the first time will be the explicit call and the last time will be the call that is made after the object is garbage collected.",,Unknown,
1615 CWE-587,EN-Assignment of a Fixed Address to a Pointer (Type: Base),"The software sets a pointer to a specific address other than NULL or 0.
1616 Using a fixed address is not portable because that address will probably not be valid in all environments or platforms.",,Unknown,
1617 CWE-588,EN-Attempt to Access Child of a Non-structure Pointer (Type: Variant),"Casting a non-structure type to a structure type and accessing a field can lead to memory access errors or data corruption.
1618 Using a fixed address is not portable because that address will probably not be valid in all environments or platforms.",,Unknown,
1619 CWE-589,EN-Call to Non-ubiquitous API (Type: Variant),"The software uses an API function that does not exist on all versions of the target platform. This could cause portability problems or inconsistencies that allow denial of service or other consequences.
1620 Some functions that offer security features supported by the OS are not available on all versions of the OS in common use. Likewise, functions are often deprecated or made obsolete for security reasons and should not be used.",,Unknown,
1621 CWE-590,EN-Free of Memory not on the Heap (Type: Variant),"The application calls free() on a pointer to memory that was not allocated using associated heap allocation functions such as malloc(), calloc(), or realloc().
1622 When free() is called on an invalid pointer, the program's memory management data structures may become corrupted. This corruption can cause the program to crash or, in some circumstances, an attacker may be able to cause free() to operate on controllable memory locations to modify critical program variables or execute code.",,Unknown,Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/
1623 CWE-591,EN-Sensitive Data Storage in Improperly Locked Memory (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data in memory that is not locked, or that has been incorrectly locked, which might cause the memory to be written to swap files on disk by the virtual memory manager. This can make the data more accessible to external actors.
1624 On Windows systems the VirtualLock function can lock a page of memory to ensure that it will remain present in memory and not be swapped to disk. However, on older versions of Windows, such as 95, 98, or Me, the VirtualLock() function is only a stub and provides no protection. On POSIX systems the mlock() call ensures that a page will stay resident in memory but does not guarantee that the page will not appear in the swap. Therefore, it is unsuitable for use as a protection mechanism for sensitive data. Some platforms, in particular Linux, do make the guarantee that the page will not be swapped, but this is non-standard and is not portable. Calls to mlock() also require supervisor privilege. Return values for both of these calls must be checked to ensure that the lock operation was actually successful.",,Unknown,
1625 CWE-592,EN-Authentication Bypass Issues (Type: Class),"The software does not properly perform authentication, allowing it to be bypassed through various methods.
1626 On Windows systems the VirtualLock function can lock a page of memory to ensure that it will remain present in memory and not be swapped to disk. However, on older versions of Windows, such as 95, 98, or Me, the VirtualLock() function is only a stub and provides no protection. On POSIX systems the mlock() call ensures that a page will stay resident in memory but does not guarantee that the page will not appear in the swap. Therefore, it is unsuitable for use as a protection mechanism for sensitive data. Some platforms, in particular Linux, do make the guarantee that the page will not be swapped, but this is non-standard and is not portable. Calls to mlock() also require supervisor privilege. Return values for both of these calls must be checked to ensure that the lock operation was actually successful.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
1627 CWE-593,EN-Authentication Bypass: OpenSSL CTX Object Modified after SSL Objects are Created (Type: Variant),"The software modifies the SSL context after connection creation has begun.
1628 If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1629 CWE-594,EN-J2EE Framework: Saving Unserializable Objects to Disk (Type: Variant),"When the J2EE container attempts to write unserializable objects to disk there is no guarantee that the process will complete successfully.
1630 If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1631 CWE-595,EN-Comparison of Object References Instead of Object Contents (Type: Base),"The program compares object references instead of the contents of the objects themselves, preventing it from detecting equivalent objects.
1632 If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1633 CWE-596,EN-Incorrect Semantic Object Comparison (Type: Base),"The software does not correctly compare two objects based on their conceptual content.
1634 If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1635 CWE-597,EN-Use of Wrong Operator in String Comparison (Type: Variant),"The product uses the wrong operator when comparing a string, such as using ""=="" when the equals() method should be used instead.
1636 In Java, using == or != to compare two strings for equality actually compares two objects for equality, not their values. Chances are good that the two references will never be equal. While this weakness often only affects program correctness, if the equality is used for a security decision, it could be leveraged to affect program security.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
1637 CWE-598,EN-Information Exposure Through Query Strings in GET Request (Type: Variant),"The web application uses the GET method to process requests that contain sensitive information, which can expose that information through the browser's history, Referers, web logs, and other sources.
1638 In Java, using == or != to compare two strings for equality actually compares two objects for equality, not their values. Chances are good that the two references will never be equal. While this weakness often only affects program correctness, if the equality is used for a security decision, it could be leveraged to affect program security.",,Unknown,
1639 CWE-599,EN-Missing Validation of OpenSSL Certificate (Type: Variant),"The software uses OpenSSL and trusts or uses a certificate without using the SSL_get_verify_result() function to ensure that the certificate satisfies all necessary security requirements.
1640 This could allow an attacker to use an invalid certificate to claim to be a trusted host, use expired certificates, or conduct other attacks that could be detected if the certificate is properly validated.",,Unknown,
1641 CWE-6,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Insufficient Session-ID Length (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application is configured to use an insufficient session ID length.
1642 If an attacker can guess or steal a session ID, then he/she may be able to take over the user's session (called session hijacking). The number of possible session IDs increases with increased session ID length, making it more difficult to guess or steal a session ID.",,Unknown,No description: http://www.securiteam.com/securityreviews/5TP0F0UEVQ.html
1643 CWE-600,EN-Uncaught Exception in Servlet (Type: Base),"The Servlet does not catch all exceptions, which may reveal sensitive debugging information.
1644 When a Servlet throws an exception, the default error response the Servlet container sends back to the user typically includes debugging information. This information is of great value to an attacker. For example, a stack trace might show the attacker a malformed SQL query string, the type of database being used, and the version of the application container. This information enables the attacker to target known vulnerabilities in these components.",,Unknown,
1645 CWE-603,EN-Use of Client-Side Authentication (Type: Base),"A client/server product performs authentication within client code but not in server code, allowing server-side authentication to be bypassed via a modified client that omits the authentication check.
1646 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
1647 CWE-605,EN-Multiple Binds to the Same Port (Type: Base),"When multiple sockets are allowed to bind to the same port, other services on that port may be stolen or spoofed.
1648 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,
1649 CWE-606,EN-Unchecked Input for Loop Condition (Type: Base),"The product does not properly check inputs that are used for loop conditions, potentially leading to a denial of service because of excessive looping.
1650 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
1651 CWE-607,EN-Public Static Final Field References Mutable Object (Type: Variant),"A public or protected static final field references a mutable object, which allows the object to be changed by malicious code, or accidentally from another package.
1652 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,
1653 CWE-608,EN-Struts: Non-private Field in ActionForm Class (Type: Variant),"An ActionForm class contains a field that has not been declared private, which can be accessed without using a setter or getter.
1654 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,
1655 CWE-609,EN-Double-Checked Locking (Type: Base),"The program uses double-checked locking to access a resource without the overhead of explicit synchronization, but the locking is insufficient.
1656 Double-checked locking refers to the situation where a programmer checks to see if a resource has been initialized, grabs a lock, checks again to see if the resource has been initialized, and then performs the initialization if it has not occurred yet. This should not be done, as is not guaranteed to work in all languages and on all architectures. In summary, other threads may not be operating inside the synchronous block and are not guaranteed to see the operations execute in the same order as they would appear inside the synchronous block.",,Unknown,"The ""Double-Checked Locking is Broken"" Declaration: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~pugh/java/memoryModel/DoubleCheckedLocking.html
11031657 JSR 133 (Java Memory Model) FAQ: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~pugh/java/memoryModel/jsr-133-faq.html#dcl
11041658 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Threading Vulnerabilities"", Page 815."
1105 CWE-610,EN-Externally Controlled Reference to a Resource in Another Sphere (Type: Class),The product uses an externally controlled name or reference that resolves to a resource that is outside of the intended control sphere.,,,Unknown,
1106 CWE-611,EN-Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference (XXE) (Type: Variant),"The software processes an XML document that can contain XML entities with URIs that resolve to documents outside of the intended sphere of control, causing the product to embed incorrect documents into its output.","XML documents optionally contain a Document Type Definition (DTD), which, among other features, enables the definition of XML entities. It is possible to define an entity by providing a substitution string in the form of a URI. The XML parser can access the contents of this URI and embed these contents back into the XML document for further processing.
1659 CWE-610,EN-Externally Controlled Reference to a Resource in Another Sphere (Type: Class),"The product uses an externally controlled name or reference that resolves to a resource that is outside of the intended control sphere.
1660 ",,Unknown,
1661 CWE-611,EN-Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference (XXE) (Type: Variant),"The software processes an XML document that can contain XML entities with URIs that resolve to documents outside of the intended sphere of control, causing the product to embed incorrect documents into its output.
1662 XML documents optionally contain a Document Type Definition (DTD), which, among other features, enables the definition of XML entities. It is possible to define an entity by providing a substitution string in the form of a URI. The XML parser can access the contents of this URI and embed these contents back into the XML document for further processing.
11071663 By submitting an XML file that defines an external entity with a file:// URI, an attacker can cause the processing application to read the contents of a local file. For example, a URI such as ""file:///c:/winnt/win.ini"" designates (in Windows) the file C:\Winnt\win.ini, or file:///etc/passwd designates the password file in Unix-based systems. Using URIs with other schemes such as http://, the attacker can force the application to make outgoing requests to servers that the attacker cannot reach directly, which can be used to bypass firewall restrictions or hide the source of attacks such as port scanning.
11081664 Once the content of the URI is read, it is fed back into the application that is processing the XML. This application may echo back the data (e.g. in an error message), thereby exposing the file contents.",,Unknown,"XML External Entity (XXE) Processing: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/XML_External_Entity_(XXE)_Processing
11091665 XML External Entity Attacks (XXE): https://www.owasp.org/images/5/5d/XML_Exteral_Entity_Attack.pdf
11111667 XML External Entities (XXE) Attack: http://projects.webappsec.org/w/page/13247003/XML%20External%20Entities
11121668 XML Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/ee335713.aspx
11131669 Preventing XXE in PHP: http://websec.io/2012/08/27/Preventing-XEE-in-PHP.html"
1114 CWE-612,EN-Information Exposure Through Indexing of Private Data (Type: Variant),"The product performs an indexing routine against private documents, but does not sufficiently verify that the actors who can access the index also have the privileges to access the private documents.","When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1115 CWE-613,EN-Insufficient Session Expiration (Type: Base),"According to WASC, ""Insufficient Session Expiration is when a web site permits an attacker to reuse old session credentials or session IDs for authorization.""","When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1116 CWE-614,EN-Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without Secure Attribute (Type: Variant),"The Secure attribute for sensitive cookies in HTTPS sessions is not set, which could cause the user agent to send those cookies in plaintext over an HTTP session.","When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1117 CWE-615,EN-Information Exposure Through Comments (Type: Variant),"While adding general comments is very useful, some programmers tend to leave important data, such as: filenames related to the web application, old links or links which were not meant to be browsed by users, old code fragments, etc.","An attacker who finds these comments can map the application's structure and files, expose hidden parts of the site, and study the fragments of code to reverse engineer the application, which may help develop further attacks against the site.",,Unknown,
1118 CWE-616,EN-Incomplete Identification of Uploaded File Variables (PHP) (Type: Variant),"The PHP application uses an old method for processing uploaded files by referencing the four global variables that are set for each file (e.g. $varname, $varname_size, $varname_name, $varname_type). These variables could be overwritten by attackers, causing the application to process unauthorized files.","These global variables could be overwritten by POST requests, cookies, or other methods of populating or overwriting these variables. This could be used to read or process arbitrary files by providing values such as ""/etc/passwd"".",,Unknown,"A Study in Scarlet - section 5, ""File Upload"""
1119 CWE-617,EN-Reachable Assertion (Type: Variant),"The product contains an assert() or similar statement that can be triggered by an attacker, which leads to an application exit or other behavior that is more severe than necessary.","For example, if a server handles multiple simultaneous connections, and an assert() occurs in one single connection that causes all other connections to be dropped, this is a reachable assertion that leads to a denial of service.",,Unknown,
1120 CWE-618,EN-Exposed Unsafe ActiveX Method (Type: Base),"An ActiveX control is intended for use in a web browser, but it exposes dangerous methods that perform actions that are outside of the browser's security model (e.g. the zone or domain).","ActiveX controls can exercise far greater control over the operating system than typical Java or javascript. Exposed methods can be subject to various vulnerabilities, depending on the implemented behaviors of those methods, and whether input validation is performed on the provided arguments. If there is no integrity checking or origin validation, this method could be invoked by attackers.",,Unknown,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
1670 CWE-612,EN-Information Exposure Through Indexing of Private Data (Type: Variant),"The product performs an indexing routine against private documents, but does not sufficiently verify that the actors who can access the index also have the privileges to access the private documents.
1671 When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1672 CWE-613,EN-Insufficient Session Expiration (Type: Base),"According to WASC, ""Insufficient Session Expiration is when a web site permits an attacker to reuse old session credentials or session IDs for authorization.""
1673 When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1674 CWE-614,EN-Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without Secure Attribute (Type: Variant),"The Secure attribute for sensitive cookies in HTTPS sessions is not set, which could cause the user agent to send those cookies in plaintext over an HTTP session.
1675 When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1676 CWE-615,EN-Information Exposure Through Comments (Type: Variant),"While adding general comments is very useful, some programmers tend to leave important data, such as: filenames related to the web application, old links or links which were not meant to be browsed by users, old code fragments, etc.
1677 An attacker who finds these comments can map the application's structure and files, expose hidden parts of the site, and study the fragments of code to reverse engineer the application, which may help develop further attacks against the site.",,Unknown,
1678 CWE-616,EN-Incomplete Identification of Uploaded File Variables (PHP) (Type: Variant),"The PHP application uses an old method for processing uploaded files by referencing the four global variables that are set for each file (e.g. $varname, $varname_size, $varname_name, $varname_type). These variables could be overwritten by attackers, causing the application to process unauthorized files.
1679 These global variables could be overwritten by POST requests, cookies, or other methods of populating or overwriting these variables. This could be used to read or process arbitrary files by providing values such as ""/etc/passwd"".",,Unknown,"A Study in Scarlet - section 5, ""File Upload"""
1680 CWE-617,EN-Reachable Assertion (Type: Variant),"The product contains an assert() or similar statement that can be triggered by an attacker, which leads to an application exit or other behavior that is more severe than necessary.
1681 For example, if a server handles multiple simultaneous connections, and an assert() occurs in one single connection that causes all other connections to be dropped, this is a reachable assertion that leads to a denial of service.",,Unknown,
1682 CWE-618,EN-Exposed Unsafe ActiveX Method (Type: Base),"An ActiveX control is intended for use in a web browser, but it exposes dangerous methods that perform actions that are outside of the browser's security model (e.g. the zone or domain).
1683 ActiveX controls can exercise far greater control over the operating system than typical Java or javascript. Exposed methods can be subject to various vulnerabilities, depending on the implemented behaviors of those methods, and whether input validation is performed on the provided arguments. If there is no integrity checking or origin validation, this method could be invoked by attackers.",,Unknown,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
11211684 No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/security.asp
11221685 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 12, ""ActiveX Security"", Page 749."
1123 CWE-619,EN-Dangling Database Cursor (Cursor Injection) (Type: Base),"If a database cursor is not closed properly, then it could become accessible to other users while retaining the same privileges that were originally assigned, leaving the cursor ""dangling.""","For example, an improper dangling cursor could arise from unhandled exceptions. The impact of the issue depends on the cursor's role, but SQL injection attacks are commonly possible.",,Unknown,"The Oracle Hacker's Handbook
1686 CWE-619,EN-Dangling Database Cursor (Cursor Injection) (Type: Base),"If a database cursor is not closed properly, then it could become accessible to other users while retaining the same privileges that were originally assigned, leaving the cursor ""dangling.""
1687 For example, an improper dangling cursor could arise from unhandled exceptions. The impact of the issue depends on the cursor's role, but SQL injection attacks are commonly possible.",,Unknown,"The Oracle Hacker's Handbook
11241688 Cursor Injection: http://www.databasesecurity.com/dbsec/cursor-injection.pdf"
1125 CWE-62,EN-UNIX Hard Link (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently account for when the name is associated with a hard link to a target that is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.","Failure for a system to check for hard links can result in vulnerability to different types of attacks. For example, an attacker can escalate their privileges if a file used by a privileged program is replaced with a hard link to a sensitive file (e.g. /etc/passwd). When the process opens the file, the attacker can assume the privileges of that process.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Hard Links"", Page 518."
1126 CWE-620,EN-Unverified Password Change (Type: Variant),"When setting a new password for a user, the product does not require knowledge of the original password, or using another form of authentication.","This could be used by an attacker to change passwords for another user, thus gaining the privileges associated with that user.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1127 CWE-621,EN-Variable Extraction Error (Type: Base),"The product uses external input to determine the names of variables into which information is extracted, without verifying that the names of the specified variables are valid. This could cause the program to overwrite unintended variables.","For example, in PHP, calling extract() or import_request_variables() without the proper arguments could allow arbitrary global variables to be overwritten, including superglobals. Similar functionality might be possible in other interpreted languages, including custom languages.",,Unknown,
1128 CWE-622,EN-Improper Validation of Function Hook Arguments (Type: Variant),"A product adds hooks to user-accessible API functions, but does not properly validate the arguments. This could lead to resultant vulnerabilities.","Such hooks can be used in defensive software that runs with privileges, such as anti-virus or firewall, which hooks kernel calls. When the arguments are not validated, they could be used to bypass the protection scheme or attack the product itself.",,Unknown,
1129 CWE-623,EN-Unsafe ActiveX Control Marked Safe For Scripting (Type: Variant),"An ActiveX control is intended for restricted use, but it has been marked as safe-for-scripting.","This might allow attackers to use dangerous functionality via a web page that accesses the control, which can lead to different resultant vulnerabilities, depending on the control's behavior.",,Unknown,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
1689 CWE-62,EN-UNIX Hard Link (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently account for when the name is associated with a hard link to a target that is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.
1690 Failure for a system to check for hard links can result in vulnerability to different types of attacks. For example, an attacker can escalate their privileges if a file used by a privileged program is replaced with a hard link to a sensitive file (e.g. /etc/passwd). When the process opens the file, the attacker can assume the privileges of that process.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Hard Links"", Page 518."
1691 CWE-620,EN-Unverified Password Change (Type: Variant),"When setting a new password for a user, the product does not require knowledge of the original password, or using another form of authentication.
1692 This could be used by an attacker to change passwords for another user, thus gaining the privileges associated with that user.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1693 CWE-621,EN-Variable Extraction Error (Type: Base),"The product uses external input to determine the names of variables into which information is extracted, without verifying that the names of the specified variables are valid. This could cause the program to overwrite unintended variables.
1694 For example, in PHP, calling extract() or import_request_variables() without the proper arguments could allow arbitrary global variables to be overwritten, including superglobals. Similar functionality might be possible in other interpreted languages, including custom languages.",,Unknown,
1695 CWE-622,EN-Improper Validation of Function Hook Arguments (Type: Variant),"A product adds hooks to user-accessible API functions, but does not properly validate the arguments. This could lead to resultant vulnerabilities.
1696 Such hooks can be used in defensive software that runs with privileges, such as anti-virus or firewall, which hooks kernel calls. When the arguments are not validated, they could be used to bypass the protection scheme or attack the product itself.",,Unknown,
1697 CWE-623,EN-Unsafe ActiveX Control Marked Safe For Scripting (Type: Variant),"An ActiveX control is intended for restricted use, but it has been marked as safe-for-scripting.
1698 This might allow attackers to use dangerous functionality via a web page that accesses the control, which can lead to different resultant vulnerabilities, depending on the control's behavior.",,Unknown,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
11301699 No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/security.asp
11311700 No description: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/240797
11321701 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 16, ""What ActiveX Components Are Safe for Initialization and Safe for Scripting?"" Page 510
11331702 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 12, ""ActiveX Security"", Page 749."
1134 CWE-624,EN-Executable Regular Expression Error (Type: Base),"The product uses a regular expression that either (1) contains an executable component with user-controlled inputs, or (2) allows a user to enable execution by inserting pattern modifiers.","Case (2) is possible in the PHP preg_replace() function, and possibly in other languages when a user-controlled input is inserted into a string that is later parsed as a regular expression.",,Unknown,
1135 CWE-625,EN-Permissive Regular Expression (Type: Base),The product uses a regular expression that does not sufficiently restrict the set of allowed values.,"This effectively causes the regexp to accept substrings that match the pattern, which produces a partial comparison to the target. In some cases, this can lead to other weaknesses. Common errors include:
1703 CWE-624,EN-Executable Regular Expression Error (Type: Base),"The product uses a regular expression that either (1) contains an executable component with user-controlled inputs, or (2) allows a user to enable execution by inserting pattern modifiers.
1704 Case (2) is possible in the PHP preg_replace() function, and possibly in other languages when a user-controlled input is inserted into a string that is later parsed as a regular expression.",,Unknown,
1705 CWE-625,EN-Permissive Regular Expression (Type: Base),"The product uses a regular expression that does not sufficiently restrict the set of allowed values.
1706 This effectively causes the regexp to accept substrings that match the pattern, which produces a partial comparison to the target. In some cases, this can lead to other weaknesses. Common errors include:
11361707 not identifying the beginning and end of the target string
11371708 using wildcards instead of acceptable character ranges
11381709 others",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Stripping Vulnerabilities"", Page 437."
1139 CWE-626,EN-Null Byte Interaction Error (Poison Null Byte) (Type: Variant),The product does not properly handle null bytes or NUL characters when passing data between different representations or components.,"A null byte (NUL character) can have different meanings across representations or languages. For example, it is a string terminator in standard C libraries, but Perl and PHP strings do not treat it as a terminator. When two representations are crossed - such as when Perl or PHP invokes underlying C functionality - this can produce an interaction error with unexpected results. Similar issues have been reported for ASP. Other interpreters written in C might also be affected.",,Unknown,"Poison NULL byte: http://insecure.org/news/P55-07.txt
1710 CWE-626,EN-Null Byte Interaction Error (Poison Null Byte) (Type: Variant),"The product does not properly handle null bytes or NUL characters when passing data between different representations or components.
1711 A null byte (NUL character) can have different meanings across representations or languages. For example, it is a string terminator in standard C libraries, but Perl and PHP strings do not treat it as a terminator. When two representations are crossed - such as when Perl or PHP invokes underlying C functionality - this can produce an interaction error with unexpected results. Similar issues have been reported for ASP. Other interpreters written in C might also be affected.",,Unknown,"Poison NULL byte: http://insecure.org/news/P55-07.txt
11401712 0x00 vs ASP file upload scripts: http://www.security-assessment.com/Whitepapers/0x00_vs_ASP_File_Uploads.pdf
11411713 ShAnKaR: multiple PHP application poison NULL byte vulnerability: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2006/Sep/0185.html"
1142 CWE-627,EN-Dynamic Variable Evaluation (Type: Base),"In a language where the user can influence the name of a variable at runtime, if the variable names are not controlled, an attacker can read or write to arbitrary variables, or access arbitrary functions.","The resultant vulnerabilities depend on the behavior of the application, both at the crossover point and in any control/data flow that is reachable by the related variables or functions.",,Unknown,"Dynamic Evaluation Vulnerabilities in PHP applications: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2006/May/0035.html
1714 CWE-627,EN-Dynamic Variable Evaluation (Type: Base),"In a language where the user can influence the name of a variable at runtime, if the variable names are not controlled, an attacker can read or write to arbitrary variables, or access arbitrary functions.
1715 The resultant vulnerabilities depend on the behavior of the application, both at the crossover point and in any control/data flow that is reachable by the related variables or functions.",,Unknown,"Dynamic Evaluation Vulnerabilities in PHP applications: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2006/May/0035.html
11431716 A Study In Scarlet: Exploiting Common Vulnerabilities in PHP Applications: http://www.securereality.com.au/studyinscarlet.txt"
1144 CWE-628,EN-Function Call with Incorrectly Specified Arguments (Type: Base),"The product calls a function, procedure, or routine with arguments that are not correctly specified, leading to always-incorrect behavior and resultant weaknesses.","There are multiple ways in which this weakness can be introduced, including:
1717 CWE-628,EN-Function Call with Incorrectly Specified Arguments (Type: Base),"The product calls a function, procedure, or routine with arguments that are not correctly specified, leading to always-incorrect behavior and resultant weaknesses.
1718 There are multiple ways in which this weakness can be introduced, including:
11451719 the wrong variable or reference;
11461720 an incorrect number of arguments;
11471721 incorrect order of arguments;
11481722 wrong type of arguments; or
11491723 wrong value.",,Unknown,
1150 CWE-636,EN-Not Failing Securely (Failing Open) (Type: Class),"When the product encounters an error condition or failure, its design requires it to fall back to a state that is less secure than other options that are available, such as selecting the weakest encryption algorithm or using the most permissive access control restrictions.","By entering a less secure state, the product inherits the weaknesses associated with that state, making it easier to compromise. At the least, it causes administrators to have a false sense of security. This weakness typically occurs as a result of wanting to ""fail functional"" to minimize administration and support costs, instead of ""failing safe.""",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1724 CWE-636,EN-Not Failing Securely (Failing Open) (Type: Class),"When the product encounters an error condition or failure, its design requires it to fall back to a state that is less secure than other options that are available, such as selecting the weakest encryption algorithm or using the most permissive access control restrictions.
1725 By entering a less secure state, the product inherits the weaknesses associated with that state, making it easier to compromise. At the least, it causes administrators to have a false sense of security. This weakness typically occurs as a result of wanting to ""fail functional"" to minimize administration and support costs, instead of ""failing safe.""",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11511726 Failing Securely: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/349.html"
1152 CWE-637,EN-Unnecessary Complexity in Protection Mechanism (Not Using Economy of Mechanism) (Type: Class),"The software uses a more complex mechanism than necessary, which could lead to resultant weaknesses when the mechanism is not correctly understood, modeled, configured, implemented, or used.","Security mechanisms should be as simple as possible. Complex security mechanisms may engender partial implementations and compatibility problems, with resulting mismatches in assumptions and implemented security. A corollary of this principle is that data specifications should be as simple as possible, because complex data specifications result in complex validation code. Complex tasks and systems may also need to be guarded by complex security checks, so simple systems should be preferred.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1727 CWE-637,EN-Unnecessary Complexity in Protection Mechanism (Not Using Economy of Mechanism) (Type: Class),"The software uses a more complex mechanism than necessary, which could lead to resultant weaknesses when the mechanism is not correctly understood, modeled, configured, implemented, or used.
1728 Security mechanisms should be as simple as possible. Complex security mechanisms may engender partial implementations and compatibility problems, with resulting mismatches in assumptions and implemented security. A corollary of this principle is that data specifications should be as simple as possible, because complex data specifications result in complex validation code. Complex tasks and systems may also need to be guarded by complex security checks, so simple systems should be preferred.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11531729 Economy of Mechanism: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/348.html"
1154 CWE-638,EN-Not Using Complete Mediation (Type: Class),"The software does not perform access checks on a resource every time the resource is accessed by an entity, which can create resultant weaknesses if that entity's rights or privileges change over time.",,,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1730 CWE-638,EN-Not Using Complete Mediation (Type: Class),"The software does not perform access checks on a resource every time the resource is accessed by an entity, which can create resultant weaknesses if that entity's rights or privileges change over time.
1731 ",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11551732 Complete Mediation: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/346.html"
1156 CWE-65,EN-Windows Hard Link (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently handle when the name is associated with a hard link to a target that is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.","Failure for a system to check for hard links can result in vulnerability to different types of attacks. For example, an attacker can escalate their privileges if a file used by a privileged program is replaced with a hard link to a sensitive file (e.g. AUTOEXEC.BAT). When the process opens the file, the attacker can assume the privileges of that process, or prevent the program from accurately processing data.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Links"", Page 676."
1157 CWE-651,EN-Information Exposure Through WSDL File (Type: Variant),The Web services architecture may require exposing a WSDL file that contains information on the publicly accessible services and how callers of these services should interact with them (e.g. what parameters they expect and what types they return).,"An information exposure may occur if any of the following apply:
1733 CWE-65,EN-Windows Hard Link (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently handle when the name is associated with a hard link to a target that is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.
1734 Failure for a system to check for hard links can result in vulnerability to different types of attacks. For example, an attacker can escalate their privileges if a file used by a privileged program is replaced with a hard link to a sensitive file (e.g. AUTOEXEC.BAT). When the process opens the file, the attacker can assume the privileges of that process, or prevent the program from accurately processing data.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Links"", Page 676."
1735 CWE-651,EN-Information Exposure Through WSDL File (Type: Variant),"The Web services architecture may require exposing a WSDL file that contains information on the publicly accessible services and how callers of these services should interact with them (e.g. what parameters they expect and what types they return).
1736 An information exposure may occur if any of the following apply:
11581737 The WSDL file is accessible to a wider audience than intended.
11591738 The WSDL file contains information on the methods/services that should not be publicly accessible or information about deprecated methods. This problem is made more likely due to the WSDL often being automatically generated from the code.
11601739 Information in the WSDL file helps guess names/locations of methods/resources that should not be publicly accessible.",,Unknown,
1161 CWE-653,EN-Insufficient Compartmentalization (Type: Base),"The product does not sufficiently compartmentalize functionality or processes that require different privilege levels, rights, or permissions.","When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1740 CWE-653,EN-Insufficient Compartmentalization (Type: Base),"The product does not sufficiently compartmentalize functionality or processes that require different privilege levels, rights, or permissions.
1741 When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11621742 Separation of Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/357.html"
1163 CWE-654,EN-Reliance on a Single Factor in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"A protection mechanism relies exclusively, or to a large extent, on the evaluation of a single condition or the integrity of a single object or entity in order to make a decision about granting access to restricted resources or functionality.","When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1743 CWE-654,EN-Reliance on a Single Factor in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"A protection mechanism relies exclusively, or to a large extent, on the evaluation of a single condition or the integrity of a single object or entity in order to make a decision about granting access to restricted resources or functionality.
1744 When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11641745 Separation of Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/357.html"
1165 CWE-655,EN-Insufficient Psychological Acceptability (Type: Base),"The software has a protection mechanism that is too difficult or inconvenient to use, encouraging non-malicious users to disable or bypass the mechanism, whether by accident or on purpose.","When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1746 CWE-655,EN-Insufficient Psychological Acceptability (Type: Base),"The software has a protection mechanism that is too difficult or inconvenient to use, encouraging non-malicious users to disable or bypass the mechanism, whether by accident or on purpose.
1747 When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11661748 Psychological Acceptability: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/354.html
11671749 Usability of Security: A Case Study: http://reports-archive.adm.cs.cmu.edu/anon/1998/CMU-CS-98-155.pdf
11681750 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 14: Poor Usability."" Page 217"
1169 CWE-656,EN-Reliance on Security Through Obscurity (Type: Base),"The software uses a protection mechanism whose strength depends heavily on its obscurity, such that knowledge of its algorithms or key data is sufficient to defeat the mechanism.","This reliance on ""security through obscurity"" can produce resultant weaknesses if an attacker is able to reverse engineer the inner workings of the mechanism. Note that obscurity can be one small part of defense in depth, since it can create more work for an attacker; however, it is a significant risk if used as the primary means of protection.",,Unknown,"RFC: 793, TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt
1751 CWE-656,EN-Reliance on Security Through Obscurity (Type: Base),"The software uses a protection mechanism whose strength depends heavily on its obscurity, such that knowledge of its algorithms or key data is sufficient to defeat the mechanism.
1752 This reliance on ""security through obscurity"" can produce resultant weaknesses if an attacker is able to reverse engineer the inner workings of the mechanism. Note that obscurity can be one small part of defense in depth, since it can create more work for an attacker; however, it is a significant risk if used as the primary means of protection.",,Unknown,"RFC: 793, TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt
11701753 The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11711754 Never Assuming that Your Secrets Are Safe: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/352.html"
1172 CWE-657,EN-Violation of Secure Design Principles (Type: Class),The product violates well-established principles for secure design.,"This can introduce resultant weaknesses or make it easier for developers to introduce related weaknesses during implementation. Because code is centered around design, it can be resource-intensive to fix design problems.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1755 CWE-657,EN-Violation of Secure Design Principles (Type: Class),"The product violates well-established principles for secure design.
1756 This can introduce resultant weaknesses or make it easier for developers to introduce related weaknesses during implementation. Because code is centered around design, it can be resource-intensive to fix design problems.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11731757 Design Principles: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/358.html"
1174 CWE-66,EN-Improper Handling of File Names that Identify Virtual Resources (Type: Base),"The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a file name that identifies a ""virtual"" resource that is not directly specified within the directory that is associated with the file name, causing the product to perform file-based operations on a resource that is not a file.","Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,
1175 CWE-662,EN-Improper Synchronization (Type: Base),"The software attempts to use a shared resource in an exclusive manner, but does not prevent or incorrectly prevents use of the resource by another thread or process.","Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,
1176 CWE-663,EN-Use of a Non-reentrant Function in a Concurrent Context (Type: Base),The software calls a non-reentrant function in a concurrent context in which a competing code sequence (e.g. thread or signal handler) may have an opportunity to call the same function or otherwise influence its state.,"Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,"Java Concurrency API: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/locks/ReentrantLock.html
1758 CWE-66,EN-Improper Handling of File Names that Identify Virtual Resources (Type: Base),"The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a file name that identifies a ""virtual"" resource that is not directly specified within the directory that is associated with the file name, causing the product to perform file-based operations on a resource that is not a file.
1759 Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,
1760 CWE-662,EN-Improper Synchronization (Type: Base),"The software attempts to use a shared resource in an exclusive manner, but does not prevent or incorrectly prevents use of the resource by another thread or process.
1761 Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,
1762 CWE-663,EN-Use of a Non-reentrant Function in a Concurrent Context (Type: Base),"The software calls a non-reentrant function in a concurrent context in which a competing code sequence (e.g. thread or signal handler) may have an opportunity to call the same function or otherwise influence its state.
1763 Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,"Java Concurrency API: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/locks/ReentrantLock.html
11771764 Use reentrant functions for safer signal handling: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-reent.html"
1178 CWE-664,EN-Improper Control of a Resource Through its Lifetime (Type: Class),"The software does not maintain or incorrectly maintains control over a resource throughout its lifetime of creation, use, and release.","Resources often have explicit instructions on how to be created, used and destroyed. When software does not follow these instructions, it can lead to unexpected behaviors and potentially exploitable states.
1765 CWE-664,EN-Improper Control of a Resource Through its Lifetime (Type: Class),"The software does not maintain or incorrectly maintains control over a resource throughout its lifetime of creation, use, and release.
1766 Resources often have explicit instructions on how to be created, used and destroyed. When software does not follow these instructions, it can lead to unexpected behaviors and potentially exploitable states.
11791767 Even without explicit instructions, various principles are expected to be adhered to, such as ""Do not use an object until after its creation is complete,"" or ""do not use an object after it has been slated for destruction.""",,Unknown,
1180 CWE-666,EN-Operation on Resource in Wrong Phase of Lifetime (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation on a resource at the wrong phase of the resource's lifecycle, which can lead to unexpected behaviors.","When a developer wants to initialize, use or release a resource, it is important to follow the specifications outlined for how to operate on that resource and to ensure that the resource is in the expected state. In this case, the software wants to perform a normally valid operation, initialization, use or release, on a resource when it is in the incorrect phase of its lifetime.",,Unknown,
1181 CWE-667,EN-Improper Locking (Type: Base),"The software does not properly acquire a lock on a resource, or it does not properly release a lock on a resource, leading to unexpected resource state changes and behaviors.","When a developer wants to initialize, use or release a resource, it is important to follow the specifications outlined for how to operate on that resource and to ensure that the resource is in the expected state. In this case, the software wants to perform a normally valid operation, initialization, use or release, on a resource when it is in the incorrect phase of its lifetime.",,Unknown,
1182 CWE-668,EN-Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere (Type: Class),"The product exposes a resource to the wrong control sphere, providing unintended actors with inappropriate access to the resource.","Resources such as files and directories may be inadvertently exposed through mechanisms such as insecure permissions, or when a program accidentally operates on the wrong object. For example, a program may intend that private files can only be provided to a specific user. This effectively defines a control sphere that is intended to prevent attackers from accessing these private files. If the file permissions are insecure, then parties other than the user will be able to access those files.
1768 CWE-666,EN-Operation on Resource in Wrong Phase of Lifetime (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation on a resource at the wrong phase of the resource's lifecycle, which can lead to unexpected behaviors.
1769 When a developer wants to initialize, use or release a resource, it is important to follow the specifications outlined for how to operate on that resource and to ensure that the resource is in the expected state. In this case, the software wants to perform a normally valid operation, initialization, use or release, on a resource when it is in the incorrect phase of its lifetime.",,Unknown,
1770 CWE-667,EN-Improper Locking (Type: Base),"The software does not properly acquire a lock on a resource, or it does not properly release a lock on a resource, leading to unexpected resource state changes and behaviors.
1771 When a developer wants to initialize, use or release a resource, it is important to follow the specifications outlined for how to operate on that resource and to ensure that the resource is in the expected state. In this case, the software wants to perform a normally valid operation, initialization, use or release, on a resource when it is in the incorrect phase of its lifetime.",,Unknown,
1772 CWE-668,EN-Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere (Type: Class),"The product exposes a resource to the wrong control sphere, providing unintended actors with inappropriate access to the resource.
1773 Resources such as files and directories may be inadvertently exposed through mechanisms such as insecure permissions, or when a program accidentally operates on the wrong object. For example, a program may intend that private files can only be provided to a specific user. This effectively defines a control sphere that is intended to prevent attackers from accessing these private files. If the file permissions are insecure, then parties other than the user will be able to access those files.
11831774 A separate control sphere might effectively require that the user can only access the private files, but not any other files on the system. If the program does not ensure that the user is only requesting private files, then the user might be able to access other files on the system.
11841775 In either case, the end result is that a resource has been exposed to the wrong party.",,Unknown,
1185 CWE-669,EN-Incorrect Resource Transfer Between Spheres (Type: Class),"The product does not properly transfer a resource/behavior to another sphere, or improperly imports a resource/behavior from another sphere, in a manner that provides unintended control over that resource.","Resources such as files and directories may be inadvertently exposed through mechanisms such as insecure permissions, or when a program accidentally operates on the wrong object. For example, a program may intend that private files can only be provided to a specific user. This effectively defines a control sphere that is intended to prevent attackers from accessing these private files. If the file permissions are insecure, then parties other than the user will be able to access those files.
1776 CWE-669,EN-Incorrect Resource Transfer Between Spheres (Type: Class),"The product does not properly transfer a resource/behavior to another sphere, or improperly imports a resource/behavior from another sphere, in a manner that provides unintended control over that resource.
1777 Resources such as files and directories may be inadvertently exposed through mechanisms such as insecure permissions, or when a program accidentally operates on the wrong object. For example, a program may intend that private files can only be provided to a specific user. This effectively defines a control sphere that is intended to prevent attackers from accessing these private files. If the file permissions are insecure, then parties other than the user will be able to access those files.
11861778 A separate control sphere might effectively require that the user can only access the private files, but not any other files on the system. If the program does not ensure that the user is only requesting private files, then the user might be able to access other files on the system.
11871779 In either case, the end result is that a resource has been exposed to the wrong party.",,Unknown,
1188 CWE-670,EN-Always-Incorrect Control Flow Implementation (Type: Class),"The code contains a control flow path that does not reflect the algorithm that the path is intended to implement, leading to incorrect behavior any time this path is navigated.","This weakness captures cases in which a particular code segment is always incorrect with respect to the algorithm that it is implementing. For example, if a C programmer intends to include multiple statements in a single block but does not include the enclosing braces (CWE-483), then the logic is always incorrect. This issue is in contrast to most weaknesses in which the code usually behaves correctly, except when it is externally manipulated in malicious ways.",,Unknown,
1189 CWE-671,EN-Lack of Administrator Control over Security (Type: Class),The product uses security features in a way that prevents the product's administrator from tailoring security settings to reflect the environment in which the product is being used. This introduces resultant weaknesses or prevents it from operating at a level of security that is desired by the administrator.,"If the product's administrator does not have the ability to manage security-related decisions at all times, then protecting the product from outside threats - including the product's developer - can become impossible. For example, a hard-coded account name and password cannot be changed by the administrator, thus exposing that product to attacks that the administrator can not prevent.",,Unknown,
1190 CWE-672,EN-Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release (Type: Base),"The software uses, accesses, or otherwise operates on a resource after that resource has been expired, released, or revoked.","If the product's administrator does not have the ability to manage security-related decisions at all times, then protecting the product from outside threats - including the product's developer - can become impossible. For example, a hard-coded account name and password cannot be changed by the administrator, thus exposing that product to attacks that the administrator can not prevent.",,Unknown,
1191 CWE-673,EN-External Influence of Sphere Definition (Type: Class),The product does not prevent the definition of control spheres from external actors.,"Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1192 CWE-674,EN-Uncontrolled Recursion (Type: Base),"The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, which consumes excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.","Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1193 CWE-675,EN-Duplicate Operations on Resource (Type: Class),"The product performs the same operation on a resource two or more times, when the operation should only be applied once.","Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1194 CWE-683,EN-Function Call With Incorrect Order of Arguments (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies the arguments in an incorrect order, leading to resultant weaknesses.","While this weakness might be caught by the compiler in some languages, it can occur more frequently in cases in which the called function accepts variable numbers or types of arguments, such as format strings in C. It also can occur in languages or environments that do not enforce strong typing.",,Unknown,
1195 CWE-684,EN-Incorrect Provision of Specified Functionality (Type: Base),"The code does not function according to its published specifications, potentially leading to incorrect usage.","When providing functionality to an external party, it is important that the software behaves in accordance with the details specified. When requirements of nuances are not documented, the functionality may produce unintended behaviors for the caller, possibly leading to an exploitable state.",,Unknown,
1196 CWE-685,EN-Function Call With Incorrect Number of Arguments (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies too many arguments, or too few arguments, which may lead to undefined behavior and resultant weaknesses.","When providing functionality to an external party, it is important that the software behaves in accordance with the details specified. When requirements of nuances are not documented, the functionality may produce unintended behaviors for the caller, possibly leading to an exploitable state.",,Unknown,
1197 CWE-686,EN-Function Call With Incorrect Argument Type (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies an argument that is the wrong data type, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.","This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1198 CWE-687,EN-Function Call With Incorrectly Specified Argument Value (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies an argument that contains the wrong value, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.","This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1199 CWE-688,EN-Function Call With Incorrect Variable or Reference as Argument (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies the wrong variable or reference as one of the arguments, which may lead to undefined behavior and resultant weaknesses.","This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1200 CWE-69,EN-Improper Handling of Windows ::DATA Alternate Data Stream (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly prevent access to, or detect usage of, alternate data streams (ADS).","An attacker can use an ADS to hide information about a file (e.g. size, the name of the process) from a system or file browser tools such as Windows Explorer and 'dir' at the command line utility. Alternately, the attacker might be able to bypass intended access restrictions for the associated data fork.",,Unknown,"Windows NTFS Alternate Data Streams: http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1822
1780 CWE-670,EN-Always-Incorrect Control Flow Implementation (Type: Class),"The code contains a control flow path that does not reflect the algorithm that the path is intended to implement, leading to incorrect behavior any time this path is navigated.
1781 This weakness captures cases in which a particular code segment is always incorrect with respect to the algorithm that it is implementing. For example, if a C programmer intends to include multiple statements in a single block but does not include the enclosing braces (CWE-483), then the logic is always incorrect. This issue is in contrast to most weaknesses in which the code usually behaves correctly, except when it is externally manipulated in malicious ways.",,Unknown,
1782 CWE-671,EN-Lack of Administrator Control over Security (Type: Class),"The product uses security features in a way that prevents the product's administrator from tailoring security settings to reflect the environment in which the product is being used. This introduces resultant weaknesses or prevents it from operating at a level of security that is desired by the administrator.
1783 If the product's administrator does not have the ability to manage security-related decisions at all times, then protecting the product from outside threats - including the product's developer - can become impossible. For example, a hard-coded account name and password cannot be changed by the administrator, thus exposing that product to attacks that the administrator can not prevent.",,Unknown,
1784 CWE-672,EN-Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release (Type: Base),"The software uses, accesses, or otherwise operates on a resource after that resource has been expired, released, or revoked.
1785 If the product's administrator does not have the ability to manage security-related decisions at all times, then protecting the product from outside threats - including the product's developer - can become impossible. For example, a hard-coded account name and password cannot be changed by the administrator, thus exposing that product to attacks that the administrator can not prevent.",,Unknown,
1786 CWE-673,EN-External Influence of Sphere Definition (Type: Class),"The product does not prevent the definition of control spheres from external actors.
1787 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1788 CWE-674,EN-Uncontrolled Recursion (Type: Base),"The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, which consumes excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.
1789 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1790 CWE-675,EN-Duplicate Operations on Resource (Type: Class),"The product performs the same operation on a resource two or more times, when the operation should only be applied once.
1791 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1792 CWE-683,EN-Function Call With Incorrect Order of Arguments (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies the arguments in an incorrect order, leading to resultant weaknesses.
1793 While this weakness might be caught by the compiler in some languages, it can occur more frequently in cases in which the called function accepts variable numbers or types of arguments, such as format strings in C. It also can occur in languages or environments that do not enforce strong typing.",,Unknown,
1794 CWE-684,EN-Incorrect Provision of Specified Functionality (Type: Base),"The code does not function according to its published specifications, potentially leading to incorrect usage.
1795 When providing functionality to an external party, it is important that the software behaves in accordance with the details specified. When requirements of nuances are not documented, the functionality may produce unintended behaviors for the caller, possibly leading to an exploitable state.",,Unknown,
1796 CWE-685,EN-Function Call With Incorrect Number of Arguments (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies too many arguments, or too few arguments, which may lead to undefined behavior and resultant weaknesses.
1797 When providing functionality to an external party, it is important that the software behaves in accordance with the details specified. When requirements of nuances are not documented, the functionality may produce unintended behaviors for the caller, possibly leading to an exploitable state.",,Unknown,
1798 CWE-686,EN-Function Call With Incorrect Argument Type (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies an argument that is the wrong data type, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.
1799 This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1800 CWE-687,EN-Function Call With Incorrectly Specified Argument Value (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies an argument that contains the wrong value, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.
1801 This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1802 CWE-688,EN-Function Call With Incorrect Variable or Reference as Argument (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies the wrong variable or reference as one of the arguments, which may lead to undefined behavior and resultant weaknesses.
1803 This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1804 CWE-69,EN-Improper Handling of Windows ::DATA Alternate Data Stream (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly prevent access to, or detect usage of, alternate data streams (ADS).
1805 An attacker can use an ADS to hide information about a file (e.g. size, the name of the process) from a system or file browser tools such as Windows Explorer and 'dir' at the command line utility. Alternately, the attacker might be able to bypass intended access restrictions for the associated data fork.",,Unknown,"Windows NTFS Alternate Data Streams: http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1822
12011806 Writing Secure Code"
1202 CWE-691,EN-Insufficient Control Flow Management (Type: Class),"The code does not sufficiently manage its control flow during execution, creating conditions in which the control flow can be modified in unexpected ways.","An attacker can use an ADS to hide information about a file (e.g. size, the name of the process) from a system or file browser tools such as Windows Explorer and 'dir' at the command line utility. Alternately, the attacker might be able to bypass intended access restrictions for the associated data fork.",,Unknown,
1203 CWE-693,EN-Protection Mechanism Failure (Type: Class),The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.,"This weakness covers three distinct situations. A ""missing"" protection mechanism occurs when the application does not define any mechanism against a certain class of attack. An ""insufficient"" protection mechanism might provide some defenses - for example, against the most common attacks - but it does not protect against everything that is intended. Finally, an ""ignored"" mechanism occurs when a mechanism is available and in active use within the product, but the developer has not applied it in some code path.",,Unknown,
1204 CWE-694,EN-Use of Multiple Resources with Duplicate Identifier (Type: Base),"The software uses multiple resources that can have the same identifier, in a context in which unique identifiers are required.","If the software assumes that each resource has a unique identifier, the software could operate on the wrong resource if attackers can cause multiple resources to be associated with the same identifier.",,Unknown,
1205 CWE-695,EN-Use of Low-Level Functionality (Type: Base),The software uses low-level functionality that is explicitly prohibited by the framework or specification under which the software is supposed to operate.,"The use of low-level functionality can violate the specification in unexpected ways that effectively disable built-in protection mechanisms, introduce exploitable inconsistencies, or otherwise expose the functionality to attack.",,Unknown,
1206 CWE-696,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order (Type: Class),"The software performs multiple related behaviors, but the behaviors are performed in the wrong order in ways which may produce resultant weaknesses.","The use of low-level functionality can violate the specification in unexpected ways that effectively disable built-in protection mechanisms, introduce exploitable inconsistencies, or otherwise expose the functionality to attack.",,Unknown,
1207 CWE-697,EN-Insufficient Comparison (Type: Class),"The software compares two entities in a security-relevant context, but the comparison is insufficient, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.","This weakness class covers several possibilities:
1807 CWE-691,EN-Insufficient Control Flow Management (Type: Class),"The code does not sufficiently manage its control flow during execution, creating conditions in which the control flow can be modified in unexpected ways.
1808 An attacker can use an ADS to hide information about a file (e.g. size, the name of the process) from a system or file browser tools such as Windows Explorer and 'dir' at the command line utility. Alternately, the attacker might be able to bypass intended access restrictions for the associated data fork.",,Unknown,
1809 CWE-693,EN-Protection Mechanism Failure (Type: Class),"The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
1810 This weakness covers three distinct situations. A ""missing"" protection mechanism occurs when the application does not define any mechanism against a certain class of attack. An ""insufficient"" protection mechanism might provide some defenses - for example, against the most common attacks - but it does not protect against everything that is intended. Finally, an ""ignored"" mechanism occurs when a mechanism is available and in active use within the product, but the developer has not applied it in some code path.",,Unknown,
1811 CWE-694,EN-Use of Multiple Resources with Duplicate Identifier (Type: Base),"The software uses multiple resources that can have the same identifier, in a context in which unique identifiers are required.
1812 If the software assumes that each resource has a unique identifier, the software could operate on the wrong resource if attackers can cause multiple resources to be associated with the same identifier.",,Unknown,
1813 CWE-695,EN-Use of Low-Level Functionality (Type: Base),"The software uses low-level functionality that is explicitly prohibited by the framework or specification under which the software is supposed to operate.
1814 The use of low-level functionality can violate the specification in unexpected ways that effectively disable built-in protection mechanisms, introduce exploitable inconsistencies, or otherwise expose the functionality to attack.",,Unknown,
1815 CWE-696,EN-Incorrect Behavior Order (Type: Class),"The software performs multiple related behaviors, but the behaviors are performed in the wrong order in ways which may produce resultant weaknesses.
1816 The use of low-level functionality can violate the specification in unexpected ways that effectively disable built-in protection mechanisms, introduce exploitable inconsistencies, or otherwise expose the functionality to attack.",,Unknown,
1817 CWE-697,EN-Insufficient Comparison (Type: Class),"The software compares two entities in a security-relevant context, but the comparison is insufficient, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.
1818 This weakness class covers several possibilities:
12081819 the comparison checks one factor incorrectly;
12091820 the comparison should consider multiple factors, but it does not check some of those factors at all.",,Unknown,
1210 CWE-698,EN-Execution After Redirect (EAR) (Type: Base),"The web application sends a redirect to another location, but instead of exiting, it executes additional code.","This weakness class covers several possibilities:
1821 CWE-698,EN-Execution After Redirect (EAR) (Type: Base),"The web application sends a redirect to another location, but instead of exiting, it executes additional code.
1822 This weakness class covers several possibilities:
12111823 the comparison checks one factor incorrectly;
12121824 the comparison should consider multiple factors, but it does not check some of those factors at all.",,Unknown,Fear the EAR: Discovering and Mitigating Execution After Redirect Vulnerabilities: http://cs.ucsb.edu/~bboe/public/pubs/fear-the-ear-ccs2011.pdf
1213 CWE-7,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Variant),The default error page of a web application should not display sensitive information about the software system.,"A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,19 Deadly Sins of Software Security
1214 CWE-703,EN-Improper Check or Handling of Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),The software does not properly anticipate or handle exceptional conditions that rarely occur during normal operation of the software.,"A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,"A Taxonomy of Security Faults in the UNIX Operating System: http://ftp.cerias.purdue.edu/pub/papers/taimur-aslam/aslam-taxonomy-msthesis.pdf
1825 CWE-7,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Variant),"The default error page of a web application should not display sensitive information about the software system.
1826 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,19 Deadly Sins of Software Security
1827 CWE-703,EN-Improper Check or Handling of Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),"The software does not properly anticipate or handle exceptional conditions that rarely occur during normal operation of the software.
1828 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,"A Taxonomy of Security Faults in the UNIX Operating System: http://ftp.cerias.purdue.edu/pub/papers/taimur-aslam/aslam-taxonomy-msthesis.pdf
12151829 Use of A Taxonomy of Security Faults: http://csrc.nist.gov/nissc/1996/papers/NISSC96/paper057/PAPER.PDF
12161830 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143"
1217 CWE-704,EN-Incorrect Type Conversion or Cast (Type: Class),"The software does not correctly convert an object, resource or structure from one type to a different type.","A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1218 CWE-705,EN-Incorrect Control Flow Scoping (Type: Class),The software does not properly return control flow to the proper location after it has completed a task or detected an unusual condition.,"A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1219 CWE-706,EN-Use of Incorrectly-Resolved Name or Reference (Type: Class),"The software uses a name or reference to access a resource, but the name/reference resolves to a resource that is outside of the intended control sphere.","A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1220 CWE-707,EN-Improper Enforcement of Message or Data Structure (Type: Class),The software does not enforce or incorrectly enforces that structured messages or data are well-formed before being read from an upstream component or sent to a downstream component.,"If a message is malformed it may cause the message to be incorrectly interpreted.
1831 CWE-704,EN-Incorrect Type Conversion or Cast (Type: Class),"The software does not correctly convert an object, resource or structure from one type to a different type.
1832 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1833 CWE-705,EN-Incorrect Control Flow Scoping (Type: Class),"The software does not properly return control flow to the proper location after it has completed a task or detected an unusual condition.
1834 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1835 CWE-706,EN-Use of Incorrectly-Resolved Name or Reference (Type: Class),"The software uses a name or reference to access a resource, but the name/reference resolves to a resource that is outside of the intended control sphere.
1836 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1837 CWE-707,EN-Improper Enforcement of Message or Data Structure (Type: Class),"The software does not enforce or incorrectly enforces that structured messages or data are well-formed before being read from an upstream component or sent to a downstream component.
1838 If a message is malformed it may cause the message to be incorrectly interpreted.
12211839 This weakness typically applies in cases where the product prepares a control message that another process must act on, such as a command or query, and malicious input that was intended as data, can enter the control plane instead. However, this weakness also applies to more general cases where there are not always control implications.",,Unknown,
1222 CWE-708,EN-Incorrect Ownership Assignment (Type: Base),"The software assigns an owner to a resource, but the owner is outside of the intended control sphere.",This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.,,Unknown,
1223 CWE-71,EN-Apple .DS_Store (Type: Variant),"Software operating in a MAC OS environment, where .DS_Store is in effect, must carefully manage hard links, otherwise an attacker may be able to leverage a hard link from .DS_Store to overwrite arbitrary files and gain privileges.",This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.,,Unknown,
1224 CWE-710,EN-Coding Standards Violation (Type: Class),"The software does not follow certain coding rules for development, which can lead to resultant weaknesses or increase the severity of the associated vulnerabilities.",This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.,,Unknown,
1225 CWE-72,EN-Improper Handling of Apple HFS+ Alternate Data Stream Path (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle special paths that may identify the data or resource fork of a file on the HFS+ file system.,"If the software chooses actions to take based on the file name, then if an attacker provides the data or resource fork, the software may take unexpected actions. Further, if the software intends to restrict access to a file, then an attacker might still be able to bypass intended access restrictions by requesting the data or resource fork for that file.",,Unknown,No description: http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=300422
1226 CWE-733,EN-Compiler Optimization Removal or Modification of Security-critical Code (Type: Base),The developer builds a security-critical protection mechanism into the software but the compiler optimizes the program such that the mechanism is removed or modified.,"When a resource is given a permissions setting that provides access to a wider range of actors than required, it could lead to the exposure of sensitive information, or the modification of that resource by unintended parties. This is especially dangerous when the resource is related to program configuration, execution or sensitive user data.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""A Compiler Optimization Caveat"" Page 322"
1227 CWE-75,EN-Failure to Sanitize Special Elements into a Different Plane (Special Element Injection) (Type: Class),The software does not adequately filter user-controlled input for special elements with control implications.,"This weakness can lead to a wide variety of resultant weaknesses, depending on the behavior of the exposed method. It can apply to any number of technologies and approaches, such as ActiveX controls, Java functions, IOCTLs, and so on.
1840 CWE-708,EN-Incorrect Ownership Assignment (Type: Base),"The software assigns an owner to a resource, but the owner is outside of the intended control sphere.
1841 This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.",,Unknown,
1842 CWE-71,EN-Apple .DS_Store (Type: Variant),"Software operating in a MAC OS environment, where .DS_Store is in effect, must carefully manage hard links, otherwise an attacker may be able to leverage a hard link from .DS_Store to overwrite arbitrary files and gain privileges.
1843 This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.",,Unknown,
1844 CWE-710,EN-Coding Standards Violation (Type: Class),"The software does not follow certain coding rules for development, which can lead to resultant weaknesses or increase the severity of the associated vulnerabilities.
1845 This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.",,Unknown,
1846 CWE-72,EN-Improper Handling of Apple HFS+ Alternate Data Stream Path (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle special paths that may identify the data or resource fork of a file on the HFS+ file system.
1847 If the software chooses actions to take based on the file name, then if an attacker provides the data or resource fork, the software may take unexpected actions. Further, if the software intends to restrict access to a file, then an attacker might still be able to bypass intended access restrictions by requesting the data or resource fork for that file.",,Unknown,No description: http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=300422
1848 CWE-733,EN-Compiler Optimization Removal or Modification of Security-critical Code (Type: Base),"The developer builds a security-critical protection mechanism into the software but the compiler optimizes the program such that the mechanism is removed or modified.
1849 When a resource is given a permissions setting that provides access to a wider range of actors than required, it could lead to the exposure of sensitive information, or the modification of that resource by unintended parties. This is especially dangerous when the resource is related to program configuration, execution or sensitive user data.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""A Compiler Optimization Caveat"" Page 322"
1850 CWE-75,EN-Failure to Sanitize Special Elements into a Different Plane (Special Element Injection) (Type: Class),"The software does not adequately filter user-controlled input for special elements with control implications.
1851 This weakness can lead to a wide variety of resultant weaknesses, depending on the behavior of the exposed method. It can apply to any number of technologies and approaches, such as ActiveX controls, Java functions, IOCTLs, and so on.
12281852 The exposure can occur in a few different ways:
12291853 1) The function/method was never intended to be exposed to outside actors.
12301854 2) The function/method was only intended to be accessible to a limited set of actors, such as Internet-based access from a single web site.",,Unknown,
1231 CWE-756,EN-Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Class),"The software does not return custom error pages to the user, possibly exposing sensitive information.","The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
1855 CWE-756,EN-Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Class),"The software does not return custom error pages to the user, possibly exposing sensitive information.
1856 The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
12321857 Note that this entry is not exclusively about the use of exceptions and exception handling, which are mechanisms for both checking and handling unusual or unexpected conditions.",,Unknown,
1233 CWE-757,EN-Selection of Less-Secure Algorithm During Negotiation (Algorithm Downgrade) (Type: Class),"A protocol or its implementation supports interaction between multiple actors and allows those actors to negotiate which algorithm should be used as a protection mechanism such as encryption or authentication, but it does not select the strongest algorithm that is available to both parties.","When a security mechanism can be forced to downgrade to use a less secure algorithm, this can make it easier for attackers to compromise the software by exploiting weaker algorithm. The victim might not be aware that the less secure algorithm is being used. For example, if an attacker can force a communications channel to use cleartext instead of strongly-encrypted data, then the attacker could read the channel by sniffing, instead of going through extra effort of trying to decrypt the data using brute force techniques.",,Unknown,
1234 CWE-758,"EN-Reliance on Undefined, Unspecified, or Implementation-Defined Behavior (Type: Class)","The software uses an API function, data structure, or other entity in a way that relies on properties that are not always guaranteed to hold for that entity.","This can lead to resultant weaknesses when the required properties change, such as when the software is ported to a different platform or if an interaction error (CWE-435) occurs.",,Unknown,
1235 CWE-759,EN-Use of a One-Way Hash without a Salt (Type: Base),"The software uses a one-way cryptographic hash against an input that should not be reversible, such as a password, but the software does not also use a salt as part of the input.","This makes it easier for attackers to pre-compute the hash value using dictionary attack techniques such as rainbow tables.
1858 CWE-757,EN-Selection of Less-Secure Algorithm During Negotiation (Algorithm Downgrade) (Type: Class),"A protocol or its implementation supports interaction between multiple actors and allows those actors to negotiate which algorithm should be used as a protection mechanism such as encryption or authentication, but it does not select the strongest algorithm that is available to both parties.
1859 When a security mechanism can be forced to downgrade to use a less secure algorithm, this can make it easier for attackers to compromise the software by exploiting weaker algorithm. The victim might not be aware that the less secure algorithm is being used. For example, if an attacker can force a communications channel to use cleartext instead of strongly-encrypted data, then the attacker could read the channel by sniffing, instead of going through extra effort of trying to decrypt the data using brute force techniques.",,Unknown,
1860 CWE-758,"EN-Reliance on Undefined, Unspecified, or Implementation-Defined Behavior (Type: Class)","The software uses an API function, data structure, or other entity in a way that relies on properties that are not always guaranteed to hold for that entity.
1861 This can lead to resultant weaknesses when the required properties change, such as when the software is ported to a different platform or if an interaction error (CWE-435) occurs.",,Unknown,
1862 CWE-759,EN-Use of a One-Way Hash without a Salt (Type: Base),"The software uses a one-way cryptographic hash against an input that should not be reversible, such as a password, but the software does not also use a salt as part of the input.
1863 This makes it easier for attackers to pre-compute the hash value using dictionary attack techniques such as rainbow tables.
12361864 It should be noted that, despite common perceptions, the use of a good salt with a hash does not sufficiently increase the effort for an attacker who is targeting an individual password, or who has a large amount of computing resources available, such as with cloud-based services or specialized, inexpensive hardware. Offline password cracking can still be effective if the hash function is not expensive to compute; many cryptographic functions are designed to be efficient and can be vulnerable to attacks using massive computing resources, even if the hash is cryptographically strong. The use of a salt only slightly increases the computing requirements for an attacker compared to other strategies such as adaptive hash functions. See CWE-916 for more details.",,Unknown,"bcrypt: http://bcrypt.sourceforge.net/
12371865 Tarsnap - The scrypt key derivation function and encryption utility: http://www.tarsnap.com/scrypt.html
12381866 RFC2898 - PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2898
12501878 How To Safely Store A Password: http://codahale.com/how-to-safely-store-a-password/
12511879 Our password hashing has no clothes: http://www.troyhunt.com/2012/06/our-password-hashing-has-no-clothes.html
12521880 Should we really use bcrypt/scrypt?: http://www.analyticalengine.net/2012/06/should-we-really-use-bcryptscrypt/"
1253 CWE-760,EN-Use of a One-Way Hash with a Predictable Salt (Type: Base),"The software uses a one-way cryptographic hash against an input that should not be reversible, such as a password, but the software uses a predictable salt as part of the input.","This makes it easier for attackers to pre-compute the hash value using dictionary attack techniques such as rainbow tables, effectively disabling the protection that an unpredictable salt would provide.
1881 CWE-760,EN-Use of a One-Way Hash with a Predictable Salt (Type: Base),"The software uses a one-way cryptographic hash against an input that should not be reversible, such as a password, but the software uses a predictable salt as part of the input.
1882 This makes it easier for attackers to pre-compute the hash value using dictionary attack techniques such as rainbow tables, effectively disabling the protection that an unpredictable salt would provide.
12541883 It should be noted that, despite common perceptions, the use of a good salt with a hash does not sufficiently increase the effort for an attacker who is targeting an individual password, or who has a large amount of computing resources available, such as with cloud-based services or specialized, inexpensive hardware. Offline password cracking can still be effective if the hash function is not expensive to compute; many cryptographic functions are designed to be efficient and can be vulnerable to attacks using massive computing resources, even if the hash is cryptographically strong. The use of a salt only slightly increases the computing requirements for an attacker compared to other strategies such as adaptive hash functions. See CWE-916 for more details.",,Unknown,"bcrypt: http://bcrypt.sourceforge.net/
12551884 Tarsnap - The scrypt key derivation function and encryption utility: http://www.tarsnap.com/scrypt.html
12561885 RFC2898 - PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2898
12681897 How To Safely Store A Password: http://codahale.com/how-to-safely-store-a-password/
12691898 Our password hashing has no clothes: http://www.troyhunt.com/2012/06/our-password-hashing-has-no-clothes.html
12701899 Should we really use bcrypt/scrypt?: http://www.analyticalengine.net/2012/06/should-we-really-use-bcryptscrypt/"
1271 CWE-761,EN-Free of Pointer not at Start of Buffer (Type: Variant),"The application calls free() on a pointer to a memory resource that was allocated on the heap, but the pointer is not at the start of the buffer.","This can cause the application to crash, or in some cases, modify critical program variables or execute code.
1900 CWE-761,EN-Free of Pointer not at Start of Buffer (Type: Variant),"The application calls free() on a pointer to a memory resource that was allocated on the heap, but the pointer is not at the start of the buffer.
1901 This can cause the application to crash, or in some cases, modify critical program variables or execute code.
12721902 This weakness often occurs when the memory is allocated explicitly on the heap with one of the malloc() family functions and free() is called, but pointer arithmetic has caused the pointer to be in the interior or end of the buffer.",,Unknown,"boost C++ Library Smart Pointers: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_38_0/libs/smart_ptr/smart_ptr.htm
12731903 Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/"
1274 CWE-763,EN-Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference (Type: Base),"The application attempts to return a memory resource to the system, but calls the wrong release function or calls the appropriate release function incorrectly.","This weakness can take several forms, such as:
1904 CWE-763,EN-Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference (Type: Base),"The application attempts to return a memory resource to the system, but calls the wrong release function or calls the appropriate release function incorrectly.
1905 This weakness can take several forms, such as:
12751906 The memory was allocated, explicitly or implicitly, via one memory management method and deallocated using a different, non-compatible function (CWE-762).
12761907 The function calls or memory management routines chosen are appropriate, however they are used incorrectly, such as in CWE-761.",,Unknown,"boost C++ Library Smart Pointers: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_38_0/libs/smart_ptr/smart_ptr.htm
12771908 Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/"
1278 CWE-764,EN-Multiple Locks of a Critical Resource (Type: Variant),"The software locks a critical resource more times than intended, leading to an unexpected state in the system.","When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly locks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra locking calls will reduce the size of the total available pool, possibly leading to degraded performance or a denial of service. If this can be triggered by an attacker, it will be similar to an unrestricted lock (CWE-412). In the context of a binary lock, it is likely that any duplicate locking attempts will never succeed since the lock is already held and progress may not be possible.",,Unknown,
1279 CWE-765,EN-Multiple Unlocks of a Critical Resource (Type: Variant),"The software unlocks a critical resource more times than intended, leading to an unexpected state in the system.","When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly unlocks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra calls to unlock will increase the count for the number of available resources, likely resulting in a crash or unpredictable behavior when the system nears capacity.",,Unknown,
1280 CWE-785,EN-Use of Path Manipulation Function without Maximum-sized Buffer (Type: Variant),"The software invokes a function for normalizing paths or file names, but it provides an output buffer that is smaller than the maximum possible size, such as PATH_MAX.","Passing an inadequately-sized output buffer to a path manipulation function can result in a buffer overflow. Such functions include realpath(), readlink(), PathAppend(), and others.",,Unknown,
1281 CWE-786,EN-Access of Memory Location Before Start of Buffer (Type: Base),The software reads or writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location prior to the beginning of the buffer.,"This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used.",,Unknown,
1282 CWE-787,EN-Out-of-bounds Write (Type: Base),"The software writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.","This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented or decremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in corruption of sensitive information, a crash, or code execution among other things.",,Unknown,
1283 CWE-788,EN-Access of Memory Location After End of Buffer (Type: Base),The software reads or writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location after the end of the buffer.,"This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. These problems may be resultant from missing sentinel values (CWE-463) or trusting a user-influenced input length variable.",,Unknown,
1284 CWE-790,EN-Improper Filtering of Special Elements (Type: Class),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not filter or incorrectly filters special elements before sending it to a downstream component.","Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
1909 CWE-764,EN-Multiple Locks of a Critical Resource (Type: Variant),"The software locks a critical resource more times than intended, leading to an unexpected state in the system.
1910 When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly locks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra locking calls will reduce the size of the total available pool, possibly leading to degraded performance or a denial of service. If this can be triggered by an attacker, it will be similar to an unrestricted lock (CWE-412). In the context of a binary lock, it is likely that any duplicate locking attempts will never succeed since the lock is already held and progress may not be possible.",,Unknown,
1911 CWE-765,EN-Multiple Unlocks of a Critical Resource (Type: Variant),"The software unlocks a critical resource more times than intended, leading to an unexpected state in the system.
1912 When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly unlocks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra calls to unlock will increase the count for the number of available resources, likely resulting in a crash or unpredictable behavior when the system nears capacity.",,Unknown,
1913 CWE-785,EN-Use of Path Manipulation Function without Maximum-sized Buffer (Type: Variant),"The software invokes a function for normalizing paths or file names, but it provides an output buffer that is smaller than the maximum possible size, such as PATH_MAX.
1914 Passing an inadequately-sized output buffer to a path manipulation function can result in a buffer overflow. Such functions include realpath(), readlink(), PathAppend(), and others.",,Unknown,
1915 CWE-786,EN-Access of Memory Location Before Start of Buffer (Type: Base),"The software reads or writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location prior to the beginning of the buffer.
1916 This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used.",,Unknown,
1917 CWE-787,EN-Out-of-bounds Write (Type: Base),"The software writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
1918 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented or decremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in corruption of sensitive information, a crash, or code execution among other things.",,Unknown,
1919 CWE-788,EN-Access of Memory Location After End of Buffer (Type: Base),"The software reads or writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location after the end of the buffer.
1920 This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. These problems may be resultant from missing sentinel values (CWE-463) or trusting a user-influenced input length variable.",,Unknown,
1921 CWE-790,EN-Improper Filtering of Special Elements (Type: Class),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not filter or incorrectly filters special elements before sending it to a downstream component.
1922 Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
12851923 1. Untrusted data enters a web application, typically from a web request.
12861924 2. The web application dynamically generates a web page that contains this untrusted data.
12871925 3. During page generation, the application does not prevent the data from containing content that is executable by a web browser, such as JavaScript, HTML tags, HTML attributes, mouse events, Flash, ActiveX, etc.
12941932 In DOM-based XSS, the client performs the injection of XSS into the page; in the other types, the server performs the injection. DOM-based XSS generally involves server-controlled, trusted script that is sent to the client, such as Javascript that performs sanity checks on a form before the user submits it. If the server-supplied script processes user-supplied data and then injects it back into the web page (such as with dynamic HTML), then DOM-based XSS is possible.
12951933 Once the malicious script is injected, the attacker can perform a variety of malicious activities. The attacker could transfer private information, such as cookies that may include session information, from the victim's machine to the attacker. The attacker could send malicious requests to a web site on behalf of the victim, which could be especially dangerous to the site if the victim has administrator privileges to manage that site. Phishing attacks could be used to emulate trusted web sites and trick the victim into entering a password, allowing the attacker to compromise the victim's account on that web site. Finally, the script could exploit a vulnerability in the web browser itself possibly taking over the victim's machine, sometimes referred to as ""drive-by hacking.""
12961934 In many cases, the attack can be launched without the victim even being aware of it. Even with careful users, attackers frequently use a variety of methods to encode the malicious portion of the attack, such as URL encoding or Unicode, so the request looks less suspicious.",,Unknown,
1297 CWE-791,EN-Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter special elements before sending it to a downstream component.","Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
1935 CWE-791,EN-Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter special elements before sending it to a downstream component.
1936 Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
12981937 1. Untrusted data enters a web application, typically from a web request.
12991938 2. The web application dynamically generates a web page that contains this untrusted data.
13001939 3. During page generation, the application does not prevent the data from containing content that is executable by a web browser, such as JavaScript, HTML tags, HTML attributes, mouse events, Flash, ActiveX, etc.
13071946 In DOM-based XSS, the client performs the injection of XSS into the page; in the other types, the server performs the injection. DOM-based XSS generally involves server-controlled, trusted script that is sent to the client, such as Javascript that performs sanity checks on a form before the user submits it. If the server-supplied script processes user-supplied data and then injects it back into the web page (such as with dynamic HTML), then DOM-based XSS is possible.
13081947 Once the malicious script is injected, the attacker can perform a variety of malicious activities. The attacker could transfer private information, such as cookies that may include session information, from the victim's machine to the attacker. The attacker could send malicious requests to a web site on behalf of the victim, which could be especially dangerous to the site if the victim has administrator privileges to manage that site. Phishing attacks could be used to emulate trusted web sites and trick the victim into entering a password, allowing the attacker to compromise the victim's account on that web site. Finally, the script could exploit a vulnerability in the web browser itself possibly taking over the victim's machine, sometimes referred to as ""drive-by hacking.""
13091948 In many cases, the attack can be launched without the victim even being aware of it. Even with careful users, attackers frequently use a variety of methods to encode the malicious portion of the attack, such as URL encoding or Unicode, so the request looks less suspicious.",,Unknown,
1310 CWE-792,EN-Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter one or more instances of special elements before sending it to a downstream component.","Incomplete filtering of this nature involves either
1949 CWE-792,EN-Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter one or more instances of special elements before sending it to a downstream component.
1950 Incomplete filtering of this nature involves either
13111951 only filtering a single instance of a special element when more exist, or
13121952 not filtering all instances or all elements where multiple special elements exist.",,Unknown,
1313 CWE-793,EN-Only Filtering One Instance of a Special Element (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only filters a single instance of a special element before sending it to a downstream component.","Incomplete filtering of this nature may be location-dependent, as in only the first or last element is filtered.",,Unknown,
1314 CWE-794,EN-Incomplete Filtering of Multiple Instances of Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not filter all instances of a special element before sending it to a downstream component.","Incomplete filtering of this nature may be applied to
1953 CWE-793,EN-Only Filtering One Instance of a Special Element (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only filters a single instance of a special element before sending it to a downstream component.
1954 Incomplete filtering of this nature may be location-dependent, as in only the first or last element is filtered.",,Unknown,
1955 CWE-794,EN-Incomplete Filtering of Multiple Instances of Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not filter all instances of a special element before sending it to a downstream component.
1956 Incomplete filtering of this nature may be applied to
13151957 sequential elements (special elements that appear next to each other) or
13161958 non-sequential elements (special elements that appear multiple times in different locations).",,Unknown,
1317 CWE-795,EN-Only Filtering Special Elements at a Specified Location (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements at a specified location, thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.","A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
1959 CWE-795,EN-Only Filtering Special Elements at a Specified Location (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements at a specified location, thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.
1960 A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
13181961 relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of string; the second argument""), or
13191962 at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10"").
13201963 This may leave special elements in the data that did not match the filter position, but still may be dangerous.",,Unknown,
1321 CWE-796,EN-Only Filtering Special Elements Relative to a Marker (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements positioned relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of a string; the second argument""), thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.","A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
1964 CWE-796,EN-Only Filtering Special Elements Relative to a Marker (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements positioned relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of a string; the second argument""), thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.
1965 A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
13221966 relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of string; the second argument""), or
13231967 at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10"").
13241968 This may leave special elements in the data that did not match the filter position, but still may be dangerous.",,Unknown,
1325 CWE-797,EN-Only Filtering Special Elements at an Absolute Position (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10""), thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.","A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
1969 CWE-797,EN-Only Filtering Special Elements at an Absolute Position (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10""), thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.
1970 A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
13261971 relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of string; the second argument""), or
13271972 at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10"").
13281973 This may leave special elements in the data that did not match the filter position, but still may be dangerous.",,Unknown,
1329 CWE-799,EN-Improper Control of Interaction Frequency (Type: Class),"The software does not properly limit the number or frequency of interactions that it has with an actor, such as the number of incoming requests.","This can allow the actor to perform actions more frequently than expected. The actor could be a human or an automated process such as a virus or bot. This could be used to cause a denial of service, compromise program logic (such as limiting humans to a single vote), or other consequences. For example, an authentication routine might not limit the number of times an attacker can guess a password. Or, a web site might conduct a poll but only expect humans to vote a maximum of once a day.",,Unknown,Insufficient Anti-automation: http://projects.webappsec.org/Insufficient+Anti-automation
1330 CWE-8,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Entity Bean Declared Remote (Type: Variant),"When an application exposes a remote interface for an entity bean, it might also expose methods that get or set the bean's data. These methods could be leveraged to read sensitive information, or to change data in ways that violate the application's expectations, potentially leading to other vulnerabilities.","This can allow the actor to perform actions more frequently than expected. The actor could be a human or an automated process such as a virus or bot. This could be used to cause a denial of service, compromise program logic (such as limiting humans to a single vote), or other consequences. For example, an authentication routine might not limit the number of times an attacker can guess a password. Or, a web site might conduct a poll but only expect humans to vote a maximum of once a day.",,Unknown,
1331 CWE-81,EN-Improper Neutralization of Script in an Error Message Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to an error page.","Error pages may include customized 403 Forbidden or 404 Not Found pages.
1974 CWE-799,EN-Improper Control of Interaction Frequency (Type: Class),"The software does not properly limit the number or frequency of interactions that it has with an actor, such as the number of incoming requests.
1975 This can allow the actor to perform actions more frequently than expected. The actor could be a human or an automated process such as a virus or bot. This could be used to cause a denial of service, compromise program logic (such as limiting humans to a single vote), or other consequences. For example, an authentication routine might not limit the number of times an attacker can guess a password. Or, a web site might conduct a poll but only expect humans to vote a maximum of once a day.",,Unknown,Insufficient Anti-automation: http://projects.webappsec.org/Insufficient+Anti-automation
1976 CWE-8,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Entity Bean Declared Remote (Type: Variant),"When an application exposes a remote interface for an entity bean, it might also expose methods that get or set the bean's data. These methods could be leveraged to read sensitive information, or to change data in ways that violate the application's expectations, potentially leading to other vulnerabilities.
1977 This can allow the actor to perform actions more frequently than expected. The actor could be a human or an automated process such as a virus or bot. This could be used to cause a denial of service, compromise program logic (such as limiting humans to a single vote), or other consequences. For example, an authentication routine might not limit the number of times an attacker can guess a password. Or, a web site might conduct a poll but only expect humans to vote a maximum of once a day.",,Unknown,
1978 CWE-81,EN-Improper Neutralization of Script in an Error Message Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to an error page.
1979 Error pages may include customized 403 Forbidden or 404 Not Found pages.
13321980 When an attacker can trigger an error that contains unneutralized input, then cross-site scripting attacks may be possible.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183"
1333 CWE-82,EN-Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes of IMG Tags in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The web application does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes scripting elements within attributes of HTML IMG tags, such as the src attribute.","Attackers can embed XSS exploits into the values for IMG attributes (e.g. SRC) that is streamed and then executed in a victim's browser. Note that when the page is loaded into a user's browsers, the exploit will automatically execute.",,Unknown,
1334 CWE-820,EN-Missing Synchronization (Type: Base),The software utilizes a shared resource in a concurrent manner but does not attempt to synchronize access to the resource.,"If access to a shared resource is not synchronized, then the resource may not be in a state that is expected by the software. This might lead to unexpected or insecure behaviors, especially if an attacker can influence the shared resource.",,Unknown,
1335 CWE-821,EN-Incorrect Synchronization (Type: Base),The software utilizes a shared resource in a concurrent manner but it does not correctly synchronize access to the resource.,"If access to a shared resource is not correctly synchronized, then the resource may not be in a state that is expected by the software. This might lead to unexpected or insecure behaviors, especially if an attacker can influence the shared resource.",,Unknown,
1336 CWE-822,EN-Untrusted Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"The program obtains a value from an untrusted source, converts this value to a pointer, and dereferences the resulting pointer.","An attacker can supply a pointer for memory locations that the program is not expecting. If the pointer is dereferenced for a write operation, the attack might allow modification of critical program state variables, cause a crash, or execute code. If the dereferencing operation is for a read, then the attack might allow reading of sensitive data, cause a crash, or set a program variable to an unexpected value (since the value will be read from an unexpected memory location).
1981 CWE-82,EN-Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes of IMG Tags in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The web application does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes scripting elements within attributes of HTML IMG tags, such as the src attribute.
1982 Attackers can embed XSS exploits into the values for IMG attributes (e.g. SRC) that is streamed and then executed in a victim's browser. Note that when the page is loaded into a user's browsers, the exploit will automatically execute.",,Unknown,
1983 CWE-820,EN-Missing Synchronization (Type: Base),"The software utilizes a shared resource in a concurrent manner but does not attempt to synchronize access to the resource.
1984 If access to a shared resource is not synchronized, then the resource may not be in a state that is expected by the software. This might lead to unexpected or insecure behaviors, especially if an attacker can influence the shared resource.",,Unknown,
1985 CWE-821,EN-Incorrect Synchronization (Type: Base),"The software utilizes a shared resource in a concurrent manner but it does not correctly synchronize access to the resource.
1986 If access to a shared resource is not correctly synchronized, then the resource may not be in a state that is expected by the software. This might lead to unexpected or insecure behaviors, especially if an attacker can influence the shared resource.",,Unknown,
1987 CWE-822,EN-Untrusted Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"The program obtains a value from an untrusted source, converts this value to a pointer, and dereferences the resulting pointer.
1988 An attacker can supply a pointer for memory locations that the program is not expecting. If the pointer is dereferenced for a write operation, the attack might allow modification of critical program state variables, cause a crash, or execute code. If the dereferencing operation is for a read, then the attack might allow reading of sensitive data, cause a crash, or set a program variable to an unexpected value (since the value will be read from an unexpected memory location).
13371989 There are several variants of this weakness, including but not necessarily limited to:
13381990 The untrusted value is directly invoked as a function call.
13391991 In OS kernels or drivers where there is a boundary between ""userland"" and privileged memory spaces, an untrusted pointer might enter through an API or system call (see CWE-781 for one such example).
13401992 Inadvertently accepting the value from an untrusted control sphere when it did not have to be accepted as input at all. This might occur when the code was originally developed to be run by a single user in a non-networked environment, and the code is then ported to or otherwise exposed to a networked environment.",,Unknown,
1341 CWE-823,EN-Use of Out-of-range Pointer Offset (Type: Base),"The program performs pointer arithmetic on a valid pointer, but it uses an offset that can point outside of the intended range of valid memory locations for the resulting pointer.","While a pointer can contain a reference to any arbitrary memory location, a program typically only intends to use the pointer to access limited portions of memory, such as contiguous memory used to access an individual array.
1993 CWE-823,EN-Use of Out-of-range Pointer Offset (Type: Base),"The program performs pointer arithmetic on a valid pointer, but it uses an offset that can point outside of the intended range of valid memory locations for the resulting pointer.
1994 While a pointer can contain a reference to any arbitrary memory location, a program typically only intends to use the pointer to access limited portions of memory, such as contiguous memory used to access an individual array.
13421995 Programs may use offsets in order to access fields or sub-elements stored within structured data. The offset might be out-of-range if it comes from an untrusted source, is the result of an incorrect calculation, or occurs because of another error.
13431996 If an attacker can control or influence the offset so that it points outside of the intended boundaries of the structure, then the attacker may be able to read or write to memory locations that are used elsewhere in the program. As a result, the attack might change the state of the software as accessed through program variables, cause a crash or instable behavior, and possibly lead to code execution.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Pointer Arithmetic"", Page 277."
1344 CWE-824,EN-Access of Uninitialized Pointer (Type: Base),The program accesses or uses a pointer that has not been initialized.,"If the pointer contains an uninitialized value, then the value might not point to a valid memory location. This could cause the program to read from or write to unexpected memory locations, leading to a denial of service. If the uninitialized pointer is used as a function call, then arbitrary functions could be invoked. If an attacker can influence the portion of uninitialized memory that is contained in the pointer, this weakness could be leveraged to execute code or perform other attacks.
1997 CWE-824,EN-Access of Uninitialized Pointer (Type: Base),"The program accesses or uses a pointer that has not been initialized.
1998 If the pointer contains an uninitialized value, then the value might not point to a valid memory location. This could cause the program to read from or write to unexpected memory locations, leading to a denial of service. If the uninitialized pointer is used as a function call, then arbitrary functions could be invoked. If an attacker can influence the portion of uninitialized memory that is contained in the pointer, this weakness could be leveraged to execute code or perform other attacks.
13451999 Depending on memory layout, associated memory management behaviors, and program operation, the attacker might be able to influence the contents of the uninitialized pointer, thus gaining more fine-grained control of the memory location to be accessed.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
1346 CWE-825,EN-Expired Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"The program dereferences a pointer that contains a location for memory that was previously valid, but is no longer valid.","When a program releases memory, but it maintains a pointer to that memory, then the memory might be re-allocated at a later time. If the original pointer is accessed to read or write data, then this could cause the program to read or modify data that is in use by a different function or process. Depending on how the newly-allocated memory is used, this could lead to a denial of service, information exposure, or code execution.",,Unknown,
1347 CWE-826,EN-Premature Release of Resource During Expected Lifetime (Type: Base),The program releases a resource that is still intended to be used by the program itself or another actor.,"This weakness focuses on errors in which the program should not release a resource, but performs the release anyway. This is different than a weakness in which the program releases a resource at the appropriate time, but it maintains a reference to the resource, which it later accesses. For this weaknesses, the resource should still be valid upon the subsequent access.
2000 CWE-825,EN-Expired Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"The program dereferences a pointer that contains a location for memory that was previously valid, but is no longer valid.
2001 When a program releases memory, but it maintains a pointer to that memory, then the memory might be re-allocated at a later time. If the original pointer is accessed to read or write data, then this could cause the program to read or modify data that is in use by a different function or process. Depending on how the newly-allocated memory is used, this could lead to a denial of service, information exposure, or code execution.",,Unknown,
2002 CWE-826,EN-Premature Release of Resource During Expected Lifetime (Type: Base),"The program releases a resource that is still intended to be used by the program itself or another actor.
2003 This weakness focuses on errors in which the program should not release a resource, but performs the release anyway. This is different than a weakness in which the program releases a resource at the appropriate time, but it maintains a reference to the resource, which it later accesses. For this weaknesses, the resource should still be valid upon the subsequent access.
13482004 When a program releases a resource that is still being used, it is possible that operations will still be taken on this resource, which may have been repurposed in the meantime, leading to issues similar to CWE-825. Consequences may include denial of service, information exposure, or code execution.",,Unknown,
1349 CWE-827,EN-Improper Control of Document Type Definition (Type: Base),"The software does not restrict a reference to a Document Type Definition (DTD) to the intended control sphere. This might allow attackers to reference arbitrary DTDs, possibly causing the software to expose files, consume excessive system resources, or execute arbitrary http requests on behalf of the attacker.","As DTDs are processed, they might try to read or include files on the machine performing the parsing. If an attacker is able to control the DTD, then the attacker might be able to specify sensitive resources or requests or provide malicious content.
2005 CWE-827,EN-Improper Control of Document Type Definition (Type: Base),"The software does not restrict a reference to a Document Type Definition (DTD) to the intended control sphere. This might allow attackers to reference arbitrary DTDs, possibly causing the software to expose files, consume excessive system resources, or execute arbitrary http requests on behalf of the attacker.
2006 As DTDs are processed, they might try to read or include files on the machine performing the parsing. If an attacker is able to control the DTD, then the attacker might be able to specify sensitive resources or requests or provide malicious content.
13502007 For example, the SOAP specification prohibits SOAP messages from containing DTDs.",,Unknown,Apache CXF Security Advisory (CVE-2010-2076): http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/cxf/trunk/security/CVE-2010-2076.pdf
1351 CWE-828,EN-Signal Handler with Functionality that is not Asynchronous-Safe (Type: Base),"The software defines a signal handler that contains code sequences that are not asynchronous-safe, i.e., the functionality is not reentrant, or it can be interrupted.","This can lead to an unexpected system state with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
2008 CWE-828,EN-Signal Handler with Functionality that is not Asynchronous-Safe (Type: Base),"The software defines a signal handler that contains code sequences that are not asynchronous-safe, i.e., the functionality is not reentrant, or it can be interrupted.
2009 This can lead to an unexpected system state with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
13522010 Signal handlers are typically intended to interrupt normal functionality of a program, or even other signals, in order to notify the process of an event. When a signal handler uses global or static variables, or invokes functions that ultimately depend on such state or its associated metadata, then it could corrupt system state that is being used by normal functionality. This could subject the program to race conditions or other weaknesses that allow an attacker to cause the program state to be corrupted. While denial of service is frequently the consequence, in some cases this weakness could be leveraged for code execution.
13532011 There are several different scenarios that introduce this issue:
13542012 Invocation of non-reentrant functions from within the handler. One example is malloc(), which modifies internal global variables as it manages memory. Very few functions are actually reentrant.
13572015 Note that in some environments or contexts, it might be possible for the signal handler to be interrupted itself.
13582016 If both a signal handler and the normal behavior of the software have to operate on the same set of state variables, and a signal is received in the middle of the normal execution's modifications of those variables, the variables may be in an incorrect or corrupt state during signal handler execution, and possibly still incorrect or corrupt upon return.",,Unknown,"Delivering Signals for Fun and Profit: http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/signals.txt
13592017 Race Condition: Signal Handling: http://www.fortify.com/vulncat/en/vulncat/cpp/race_condition_signal_handling.html"
1360 CWE-829,EN-Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere (Type: Class),"The software imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.","When including third-party functionality, such as a web widget, library, or other source of functionality, the software must effectively trust that functionality. Without sufficient protection mechanisms, the functionality could be malicious in nature (either by coming from an untrusted source, being spoofed, or being modified in transit from a trusted source). The functionality might also contain its own weaknesses, or grant access to additional functionality and state information that should be kept private to the base system, such as system state information, sensitive application data, or the DOM of a web application.
2018 CWE-829,EN-Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere (Type: Class),"The software imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.
2019 When including third-party functionality, such as a web widget, library, or other source of functionality, the software must effectively trust that functionality. Without sufficient protection mechanisms, the functionality could be malicious in nature (either by coming from an untrusted source, being spoofed, or being modified in transit from a trusted source). The functionality might also contain its own weaknesses, or grant access to additional functionality and state information that should be kept private to the base system, such as system state information, sensitive application data, or the DOM of a web application.
13612020 This might lead to many different consequences depending on the included functionality, but some examples include injection of malware, information exposure by granting excessive privileges or permissions to the untrusted functionality, DOM-based XSS vulnerabilities, stealing user's cookies, or open redirect to malware (CWE-601).",,Unknown,"OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
13622021 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
1363 CWE-83,EN-Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes ""javascript:"" or other URIs from dangerous attributes within tags, such as onmouseover, onload, onerror, or style.","When including third-party functionality, such as a web widget, library, or other source of functionality, the software must effectively trust that functionality. Without sufficient protection mechanisms, the functionality could be malicious in nature (either by coming from an untrusted source, being spoofed, or being modified in transit from a trusted source). The functionality might also contain its own weaknesses, or grant access to additional functionality and state information that should be kept private to the base system, such as system state information, sensitive application data, or the DOM of a web application.
2022 CWE-83,EN-Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes ""javascript:"" or other URIs from dangerous attributes within tags, such as onmouseover, onload, onerror, or style.
2023 When including third-party functionality, such as a web widget, library, or other source of functionality, the software must effectively trust that functionality. Without sufficient protection mechanisms, the functionality could be malicious in nature (either by coming from an untrusted source, being spoofed, or being modified in transit from a trusted source). The functionality might also contain its own weaknesses, or grant access to additional functionality and state information that should be kept private to the base system, such as system state information, sensitive application data, or the DOM of a web application.
13642024 This might lead to many different consequences depending on the included functionality, but some examples include injection of malware, information exposure by granting excessive privileges or permissions to the untrusted functionality, DOM-based XSS vulnerabilities, stealing user's cookies, or open redirect to malware (CWE-601).",,Unknown,
1365 CWE-830,EN-Inclusion of Web Functionality from an Untrusted Source (Type: Base),"The software includes web functionality (such as a web widget) from another domain, which causes it to operate within the domain of the software, potentially granting total access and control of the software to the untrusted source.","Including third party functionality in a web-based environment is risky, especially if the source of the functionality is untrusted.
2025 CWE-830,EN-Inclusion of Web Functionality from an Untrusted Source (Type: Base),"The software includes web functionality (such as a web widget) from another domain, which causes it to operate within the domain of the software, potentially granting total access and control of the software to the untrusted source.
2026 Including third party functionality in a web-based environment is risky, especially if the source of the functionality is untrusted.
13662027 Even if the third party is a trusted source, the software may still be exposed to attacks and malicious behavior if that trusted source is compromised, or if the code is modified in transmission from the third party to the software.
13672028 This weakness is common in ""mashup"" development on the web, which may include source functionality from other domains. For example, Javascript-based web widgets may be inserted by using '<SCRIPT SRC=""http://other.domain.here"">' tags, which causes the code to run in the domain of the software, not the remote site from which the widget was loaded. As a result, the included code has access to the local DOM, including cookies and other data that the developer might not want the remote site to be able to access.
13682029 Such dependencies may be desirable, or even required, but sometimes programmers are not aware that a dependency exists.",,Unknown,Third-Party Web Widget Security FAQ: http://jeremiahgrossman.blogspot.com/2010/07/third-party-web-widget-security-faq.html
1369 CWE-831,EN-Signal Handler Function Associated with Multiple Signals (Type: Base),The software defines a function that is used as a handler for more than one signal.,"While sometimes intentional and safe, when the same function is used to handle multiple signals, a race condition could occur if the function uses any state outside of its local declaration, such as global variables or non-reentrant functions, or has any side effects.
2030 CWE-831,EN-Signal Handler Function Associated with Multiple Signals (Type: Base),"The software defines a function that is used as a handler for more than one signal.
2031 While sometimes intentional and safe, when the same function is used to handle multiple signals, a race condition could occur if the function uses any state outside of its local declaration, such as global variables or non-reentrant functions, or has any side effects.
13702032 An attacker could send one signal that invokes the handler function; in many OSes, this will typically prevent the same signal from invoking the handler again, at least until the handler function has completed execution. However, the attacker could then send a different signal that is associated with the same handler function. This could interrupt the original handler function while it is still executing. If there is shared state, then the state could be corrupted. This can lead to a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
13712033 Another rarely-explored possibility arises when the signal handler is only designed to be executed once (if at all). By sending multiple signals, an attacker could invoke the function more than once. This may generate extra, unintended side effects. A race condition might not even be necessary; the attacker could send one signal, wait until it is handled, then send the other signal.",,Unknown,"Delivering Signals for Fun and Profit: http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/signals.txt
13722034 Race Condition: Signal Handling: http://www.fortify.com/vulncat/en/vulncat/cpp/race_condition_signal_handling.html"
1373 CWE-832,EN-Unlock of a Resource that is not Locked (Type: Base),The software attempts to unlock a resource that is not locked.,"Depending on the locking functionality, an unlock of a non-locked resource might cause memory corruption or other modification to the resource (or its associated metadata that is used for tracking locks).",,Unknown,
1374 CWE-833,EN-Deadlock (Type: Base),"The software contains multiple threads or executable segments that are waiting for each other to release a necessary lock, resulting in deadlock.","Depending on the locking functionality, an unlock of a non-locked resource might cause memory corruption or other modification to the resource (or its associated metadata that is used for tracking locks).",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Synchronization Problems"" / ""Starvation and Deadlocks"", Page 760
2035 CWE-832,EN-Unlock of a Resource that is not Locked (Type: Base),"The software attempts to unlock a resource that is not locked.
2036 Depending on the locking functionality, an unlock of a non-locked resource might cause memory corruption or other modification to the resource (or its associated metadata that is used for tracking locks).",,Unknown,
2037 CWE-833,EN-Deadlock (Type: Base),"The software contains multiple threads or executable segments that are waiting for each other to release a necessary lock, resulting in deadlock.
2038 Depending on the locking functionality, an unlock of a non-locked resource might cause memory corruption or other modification to the resource (or its associated metadata that is used for tracking locks).",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Synchronization Problems"" / ""Starvation and Deadlocks"", Page 760
13752039 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Starvation and Deadlocks"", Page 760.
13762040 Secure Coding in C and C++: Chapter 7, ""Concurrency"", section ""Mutual Exclusion and Deadlock"", Page 248."
1377 CWE-834,EN-Excessive Iteration (Type: Base),The software performs an iteration or loop without sufficiently limiting the number of times that the loop is executed.,"If the iteration can be influenced by an attacker, this weakness could allow attackers to consume excessive resources such as CPU or memory. In many cases, a loop does not need to be infinite in order to cause enough resource consumption to adversely affect the software or its host system; it depends on the amount of resources consumed per iteration.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
1378 CWE-835,EN-Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition (Infinite Loop) (Type: Base),"The program contains an iteration or loop with an exit condition that cannot be reached, i.e., an infinite loop.","If the loop can be influenced by an attacker, this weakness could allow attackers to consume excessive resources such as CPU or memory.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
1379 CWE-836,EN-Use of Password Hash Instead of Password for Authentication (Type: Base),"The software records password hashes in a data store, receives a hash of a password from a client, and compares the supplied hash to the hash obtained from the data store.","Some authentication mechanisms rely on the client to generate the hash for a password, possibly to reduce load on the server or avoid sending the password across the network. However, when the client is used to generate the hash, an attacker can bypass the authentication by obtaining a copy of the hash, e.g. by using SQL injection to compromise a database of authentication credentials, or by exploiting an information exposure. The attacker could then use a modified client to replay the stolen hash without having knowledge of the original password.
2041 CWE-834,EN-Excessive Iteration (Type: Base),"The software performs an iteration or loop without sufficiently limiting the number of times that the loop is executed.
2042 If the iteration can be influenced by an attacker, this weakness could allow attackers to consume excessive resources such as CPU or memory. In many cases, a loop does not need to be infinite in order to cause enough resource consumption to adversely affect the software or its host system; it depends on the amount of resources consumed per iteration.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
2043 CWE-835,EN-Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition (Infinite Loop) (Type: Base),"The program contains an iteration or loop with an exit condition that cannot be reached, i.e., an infinite loop.
2044 If the loop can be influenced by an attacker, this weakness could allow attackers to consume excessive resources such as CPU or memory.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
2045 CWE-836,EN-Use of Password Hash Instead of Password for Authentication (Type: Base),"The software records password hashes in a data store, receives a hash of a password from a client, and compares the supplied hash to the hash obtained from the data store.
2046 Some authentication mechanisms rely on the client to generate the hash for a password, possibly to reduce load on the server or avoid sending the password across the network. However, when the client is used to generate the hash, an attacker can bypass the authentication by obtaining a copy of the hash, e.g. by using SQL injection to compromise a database of authentication credentials, or by exploiting an information exposure. The attacker could then use a modified client to replay the stolen hash without having knowledge of the original password.
13802047 As a result, the server-side comparison against a client-side hash does not provide any more security than the use of passwords without hashing.",,Unknown,
1381 CWE-837,"EN-Improper Enforcement of a Single, Unique Action (Type: Base)","The software requires that an actor should only be able to perform an action once, or to have only one unique action, but the software does not enforce or improperly enforces this restriction.","In various applications, a user is only expected to perform a certain action once, such as voting, requesting a refund, or making a purchase. When this restriction is not enforced, sometimes this can have security implications. For example, in a voting application, an attacker could attempt to ""stuff the ballot box"" by voting multiple times. If these votes are counted separately, then the attacker could directly affect who wins the vote. This could have significant business impact depending on the purpose of the software.",,Unknown,
1382 CWE-838,EN-Inappropriate Encoding for Output Context (Type: Base),"The software uses or specifies an encoding when generating output to a downstream component, but the specified encoding is not the same as the encoding that is expected by the downstream component.","This weakness can cause the downstream component to use a decoding method that produces different data than what the software intended to send. When the wrong encoding is used - even if closely related - the downstream component could decode the data incorrectly. This can have security consequences when the provided boundaries between control and data are inadvertently broken, because the resulting data could introduce control characters or special elements that were not sent by the software. The resulting data could then be used to bypass protection mechanisms such as input validation, and enable injection attacks.
2048 CWE-837,"EN-Improper Enforcement of a Single, Unique Action (Type: Base)","The software requires that an actor should only be able to perform an action once, or to have only one unique action, but the software does not enforce or improperly enforces this restriction.
2049 In various applications, a user is only expected to perform a certain action once, such as voting, requesting a refund, or making a purchase. When this restriction is not enforced, sometimes this can have security implications. For example, in a voting application, an attacker could attempt to ""stuff the ballot box"" by voting multiple times. If these votes are counted separately, then the attacker could directly affect who wins the vote. This could have significant business impact depending on the purpose of the software.",,Unknown,
2050 CWE-838,EN-Inappropriate Encoding for Output Context (Type: Base),"The software uses or specifies an encoding when generating output to a downstream component, but the specified encoding is not the same as the encoding that is expected by the downstream component.
2051 This weakness can cause the downstream component to use a decoding method that produces different data than what the software intended to send. When the wrong encoding is used - even if closely related - the downstream component could decode the data incorrectly. This can have security consequences when the provided boundaries between control and data are inadvertently broken, because the resulting data could introduce control characters or special elements that were not sent by the software. The resulting data could then be used to bypass protection mechanisms such as input validation, and enable injection attacks.
13832052 While using output encoding is essential for ensuring that communications between components are accurate, the use of the wrong encoding - even if closely related - could cause the downstream component to misinterpret the output.
13842053 For example, HTML entity encoding is used for elements in the HTML body of a web page. However, a programmer might use entity encoding when generating output for that is used within an attribute of an HTML tag, which could contain functional Javascript that is not affected by the HTML encoding.
13852054 While web applications have received the most attention for this problem, this weakness could potentially apply to any type of software that uses a communications stream that could support multiple encodings.",,Unknown,"Injection-safe templating languages: http://manicode.blogspot.com/2010/06/injection-safe-templating-languages_30.html
13892058 XSS Attacks: Preventing XSS Attacks
13902059 DOM based XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/DOM_based_XSS_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet
13912060 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
1392 CWE-839,EN-Numeric Range Comparison Without Minimum Check (Type: Base),"The program checks a value to ensure that it does not exceed a maximum, but it does not verify that the value exceeds the minimum.","Some programs use signed integers or floats even when their values are only expected to be positive or 0. An input validation check might assume that the value is positive, and only check for the maximum value. If the value is negative, but the code assumes that the value is positive, this can produce an error. The error may have security consequences if the negative value is used for memory allocation, array access, buffer access, etc. Ultimately, the error could lead to a buffer overflow or other type of memory corruption.
2061 CWE-839,EN-Numeric Range Comparison Without Minimum Check (Type: Base),"The program checks a value to ensure that it does not exceed a maximum, but it does not verify that the value exceeds the minimum.
2062 Some programs use signed integers or floats even when their values are only expected to be positive or 0. An input validation check might assume that the value is positive, and only check for the maximum value. If the value is negative, but the code assumes that the value is positive, this can produce an error. The error may have security consequences if the negative value is used for memory allocation, array access, buffer access, etc. Ultimately, the error could lead to a buffer overflow or other type of memory corruption.
13932063 The use of a negative number in a positive-only context could have security implications for other types of resources. For example, a shopping cart might check that the user is not requesting more than 10 items, but a request for -3 items could cause the application to calculate a negative price and credit the attacker's account.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversion Vulnerabilities"" Page 246.
13942064 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Comparisons"", Page 265."
1395 CWE-84,EN-Improper Neutralization of Encoded URI Schemes in a Web Page (Type: Variant),The web application improperly neutralizes user-controlled input for executable script disguised with URI encodings.,"Some programs use signed integers or floats even when their values are only expected to be positive or 0. An input validation check might assume that the value is positive, and only check for the maximum value. If the value is negative, but the code assumes that the value is positive, this can produce an error. The error may have security consequences if the negative value is used for memory allocation, array access, buffer access, etc. Ultimately, the error could lead to a buffer overflow or other type of memory corruption.
2065 CWE-84,EN-Improper Neutralization of Encoded URI Schemes in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The web application improperly neutralizes user-controlled input for executable script disguised with URI encodings.
2066 Some programs use signed integers or floats even when their values are only expected to be positive or 0. An input validation check might assume that the value is positive, and only check for the maximum value. If the value is negative, but the code assumes that the value is positive, this can produce an error. The error may have security consequences if the negative value is used for memory allocation, array access, buffer access, etc. Ultimately, the error could lead to a buffer overflow or other type of memory corruption.
13962067 The use of a negative number in a positive-only context could have security implications for other types of resources. For example, a shopping cart might check that the user is not requesting more than 10 items, but a request for -3 items could cause the application to calculate a negative price and credit the attacker's account.",,Unknown,
1397 CWE-841,EN-Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow (Type: Base),"The software supports a session in which more than one behavior must be performed by an actor, but it does not properly ensure that the actor performs the behaviors in the required sequence.","By performing actions in an unexpected order, or by omitting steps, an attacker could manipulate the business logic of the software or cause it to enter an invalid state. In some cases, this can also expose resultant weaknesses.
2068 CWE-841,EN-Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow (Type: Base),"The software supports a session in which more than one behavior must be performed by an actor, but it does not properly ensure that the actor performs the behaviors in the required sequence.
2069 By performing actions in an unexpected order, or by omitting steps, an attacker could manipulate the business logic of the software or cause it to enter an invalid state. In some cases, this can also expose resultant weaknesses.
13982070 For example, a file-sharing protocol might require that an actor perform separate steps to provide a username, then a password, before being able to transfer files. If the file-sharing server accepts a password command followed by a transfer command, without any username being provided, the software might still perform the transfer.
13992071 Note that this is different than CWE-696, which focuses on when the software performs actions in the wrong sequence; this entry is closely related, but it is focused on ensuring that the actor performs actions in the correct sequence.
14002072 Workflow-related behaviors include:
14092081 Real-Life Example of a 'Business Logic Defect' (Screen Shots!): http://h30501.www3.hp.com/t5/Following-the-White-Rabbit-A/Real-Life-Example-of-a-Business-Logic-Defect-Screen-Shots/ba-p/22581
14102082 Toward Automated Detection of Logic Vulnerabilities in Web Applications: http://www.usenix.org/events/sec10/tech/full_papers/Felmetsger.pdf
14112083 Designing a Framework Method for Secure Business Application Logic Integrity in e-Commerce Systems: http://ijns.femto.com.tw/contents/ijns-v12-n1/ijns-2011-v12-n1-p29-41.pdf"
1412 CWE-842,EN-Placement of User into Incorrect Group (Type: Base),The software or the administrator places a user into an incorrect group.,"If the incorrect group has more access or privileges than the intended group, the user might be able to bypass intended security policy to access unexpected resources or perform unexpected actions. The access-control system might not be able to detect malicious usage of this group membership.",,Unknown,
1413 CWE-843,EN-Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type (Type Confusion) (Type: Base),"The program allocates or initializes a resource such as a pointer, object, or variable using one type, but it later accesses that resource using a type that is incompatible with the original type.","When the program accesses the resource using an incompatible type, this could trigger logical errors because the resource does not have expected properties. In languages without memory safety, such as C and C++, type confusion can lead to out-of-bounds memory access.
2084 CWE-842,EN-Placement of User into Incorrect Group (Type: Base),"The software or the administrator places a user into an incorrect group.
2085 If the incorrect group has more access or privileges than the intended group, the user might be able to bypass intended security policy to access unexpected resources or perform unexpected actions. The access-control system might not be able to detect malicious usage of this group membership.",,Unknown,
2086 CWE-843,EN-Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type (Type Confusion) (Type: Base),"The program allocates or initializes a resource such as a pointer, object, or variable using one type, but it later accesses that resource using a type that is incompatible with the original type.
2087 When the program accesses the resource using an incompatible type, this could trigger logical errors because the resource does not have expected properties. In languages without memory safety, such as C and C++, type confusion can lead to out-of-bounds memory access.
14142088 While this weakness is frequently associated with unions when parsing data with many different embedded object types in C, it can be present in any application that can interpret the same variable or memory location in multiple ways.
14152089 This weakness is not unique to C and C++. For example, errors in PHP applications can be triggered by providing array parameters when scalars are expected, or vice versa. Languages such as Perl, which perform automatic conversion of a variable of one type when it is accessed as if it were another type, can also contain these issues.",,Unknown,"Attacking Interoperability: http://www.azimuthsecurity.com/resources/bh2009_dowd_smith_dewey.pdf
14162090 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Type Confusion"", Page 319."
1417 CWE-85,EN-Doubled Character XSS Manipulations (Type: Variant),The web application does not filter user-controlled input for executable script disguised using doubling of the involved characters.,"When the program accesses the resource using an incompatible type, this could trigger logical errors because the resource does not have expected properties. In languages without memory safety, such as C and C++, type confusion can lead to out-of-bounds memory access.
2091 CWE-85,EN-Doubled Character XSS Manipulations (Type: Variant),"The web application does not filter user-controlled input for executable script disguised using doubling of the involved characters.
2092 When the program accesses the resource using an incompatible type, this could trigger logical errors because the resource does not have expected properties. In languages without memory safety, such as C and C++, type confusion can lead to out-of-bounds memory access.
14182093 While this weakness is frequently associated with unions when parsing data with many different embedded object types in C, it can be present in any application that can interpret the same variable or memory location in multiple ways.
14192094 This weakness is not unique to C and C++. For example, errors in PHP applications can be triggered by providing array parameters when scalars are expected, or vice versa. Languages such as Perl, which perform automatic conversion of a variable of one type when it is accessed as if it were another type, can also contain these issues.",,Unknown,
1420 CWE-86,EN-Improper Neutralization of Invalid Characters in Identifiers in Web Pages (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes invalid characters or byte sequences in the middle of tag names, URI schemes, and other identifiers.","Some web browsers may remove these sequences, resulting in output that may have unintended control implications. For example, the software may attempt to remove a ""javascript:"" URI scheme, but a ""java%00script:"" URI may bypass this check and still be rendered as active javascript by some browsers, allowing XSS or other attacks.",,Unknown,
1421 CWE-87,EN-Improper Neutralization of Alternate XSS Syntax (Type: Variant),The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controlled input for alternate script syntax.,"Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
2095 CWE-86,EN-Improper Neutralization of Invalid Characters in Identifiers in Web Pages (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes invalid characters or byte sequences in the middle of tag names, URI schemes, and other identifiers.
2096 Some web browsers may remove these sequences, resulting in output that may have unintended control implications. For example, the software may attempt to remove a ""javascript:"" URI scheme, but a ""java%00script:"" URI may bypass this check and still be rendered as active javascript by some browsers, allowing XSS or other attacks.",,Unknown,
2097 CWE-87,EN-Improper Neutralization of Alternate XSS Syntax (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controlled input for alternate script syntax.
2098 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
14222099 When access control checks are incorrectly applied, users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,Unknown,
1423 CWE-88,EN-Argument Injection or Modification (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently delimit the arguments being passed to a component in another control sphere, allowing alternate arguments to be provided, leading to potentially security-relevant changes.","Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
2100 CWE-88,EN-Argument Injection or Modification (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently delimit the arguments being passed to a component in another control sphere, allowing alternate arguments to be provided, leading to potentially security-relevant changes.
2101 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
14242102 When access control checks are incorrectly applied, users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,Unknown,"Argument injection issues: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/archive/1/460089/100/100/threaded
14252103 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""The Argument Array"", Page 567."
1426 CWE-9,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Weak Access Permissions for EJB Methods (Type: Variant),"If elevated access rights are assigned to EJB methods, then an attacker can take advantage of the permissions to exploit the software system.","Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
2104 CWE-9,EN-J2EE Misconfiguration: Weak Access Permissions for EJB Methods (Type: Variant),"If elevated access rights are assigned to EJB methods, then an attacker can take advantage of the permissions to exploit the software system.
2105 Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
14272106 SQL injection has become a common issue with database-driven web sites. The flaw is easily detected, and easily exploited, and as such, any site or software package with even a minimal user base is likely to be subject to an attempted attack of this kind. This flaw depends on the fact that SQL makes no real distinction between the control and data planes.",,Unknown,
1428 CWE-90,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query (LDAP Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an LDAP query using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended LDAP query when it is sent to a downstream component.","Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
2107 CWE-90,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query (LDAP Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an LDAP query using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended LDAP query when it is sent to a downstream component.
2108 Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
14292109 SQL injection has become a common issue with database-driven web sites. The flaw is easily detected, and easily exploited, and as such, any site or software package with even a minimal user base is likely to be subject to an attempted attack of this kind. This flaw depends on the fact that SQL makes no real distinction between the control and data planes.",,Unknown,Web Applications and LDAP Injection
1430 CWE-91,EN-XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly neutralize special elements that are used in XML, allowing attackers to modify the syntax, content, or commands of the XML before it is processed by an end system.","Within XML, special elements could include reserved words or characters such as ""<"", "">"", """""", and ""&"", which could then be used to add new data or modify XML syntax.",,Unknown,"Blind XPath Injection: http://www.modsecurity.org/archive/amit/blind-xpath-injection.pdf
2110 CWE-91,EN-XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly neutralize special elements that are used in XML, allowing attackers to modify the syntax, content, or commands of the XML before it is processed by an end system.
2111 Within XML, special elements could include reserved words or characters such as ""<"", "">"", """""", and ""&"", which could then be used to add new data or modify XML syntax.",,Unknown,"Blind XPath Injection: http://www.modsecurity.org/archive/amit/blind-xpath-injection.pdf
14312112 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""XML Injection"", Page 1069."
1432 CWE-912,EN-Hidden Functionality (Type: Class),"The software contains functionality that is not documented, not part of the specification, and not accessible through an interface or command sequence that is obvious to the software's users or administrators.","Hidden functionality can take many forms, such as intentionally malicious code, ""Easter Eggs"" that contain extraneous functionality such as games, developer-friendly shortcuts that reduce maintenance or support costs such as hard-coded accounts, etc. From a security perspective, even when the functionality is not intentionally malicious or damaging, it can increase the software's attack surface and expose additional weaknesses beyond what is already exposed by the intended functionality. Even if it is not easily accessible, the hidden functionality could be useful for attacks that modify the control flow of the application.",,Unknown,
1433 CWE-913,EN-Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources (Type: Class),"The software does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-managed code resources such as variables, objects, classes, attributes, functions, or executable instructions or statements.","Many languages offer powerful features that allow the programmer to dynamically create or modify existing code, or resources used by code such as variables and objects. While these features can offer significant flexibility and reduce development time, they can be extremely dangerous if attackers can directly influence these code resources in unexpected ways.",,Unknown,
1434 CWE-914,EN-Improper Control of Dynamically-Identified Variables (Type: Base),The software does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-identified variables.,"Many languages offer powerful features that allow the programmer to access arbitrary variables that are specified by an input string. While these features can offer significant flexibility and reduce development time, they can be extremely dangerous if attackers can modify unintended variables that have security implications.",,Unknown,
1435 CWE-915,EN-Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component that specifies multiple attributes, properties, or fields that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control which attributes can be modified.","If the object contains attributes that were only intended for internal use, then their unexpected modification could lead to a vulnerability.
2113 CWE-912,EN-Hidden Functionality (Type: Class),"The software contains functionality that is not documented, not part of the specification, and not accessible through an interface or command sequence that is obvious to the software's users or administrators.
2114 Hidden functionality can take many forms, such as intentionally malicious code, ""Easter Eggs"" that contain extraneous functionality such as games, developer-friendly shortcuts that reduce maintenance or support costs such as hard-coded accounts, etc. From a security perspective, even when the functionality is not intentionally malicious or damaging, it can increase the software's attack surface and expose additional weaknesses beyond what is already exposed by the intended functionality. Even if it is not easily accessible, the hidden functionality could be useful for attacks that modify the control flow of the application.",,Unknown,
2115 CWE-913,EN-Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources (Type: Class),"The software does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-managed code resources such as variables, objects, classes, attributes, functions, or executable instructions or statements.
2116 Many languages offer powerful features that allow the programmer to dynamically create or modify existing code, or resources used by code such as variables and objects. While these features can offer significant flexibility and reduce development time, they can be extremely dangerous if attackers can directly influence these code resources in unexpected ways.",,Unknown,
2117 CWE-914,EN-Improper Control of Dynamically-Identified Variables (Type: Base),"The software does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-identified variables.
2118 Many languages offer powerful features that allow the programmer to access arbitrary variables that are specified by an input string. While these features can offer significant flexibility and reduce development time, they can be extremely dangerous if attackers can modify unintended variables that have security implications.",,Unknown,
2119 CWE-915,EN-Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component that specifies multiple attributes, properties, or fields that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control which attributes can be modified.
2120 If the object contains attributes that were only intended for internal use, then their unexpected modification could lead to a vulnerability.
14362121 This weakness is sometimes known by the language-specific mechanisms that make it possible, such as mass assignment, autobinding, or object injection.",,Unknown,"Shocking News in PHP Exploitation: http://www.suspekt.org/downloads/POC2009-ShockingNewsInPHPExploitation.pdf
14372122 ""Two Security Vulnerabilities in the Spring Framework's MVC"" pdf (from 2008): http://blog.diniscruz.com/2011/07/two-security-vulnerabilities-in-spring.html
14382123 Two Security Vulnerabilities in the Spring Framework's MVC: http://o2platform.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/ounce_springframework_vulnerabilities.pdf
14452130 PHP Object Injection: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/PHP_Object_Injection
14462131 Unserializing user-supplied data, a bad idea: http://heine.familiedeelstra.com/security/unserialize
14472132 Why Python Pickle is Insecure: http://nadiana.com/python-pickle-insecure"
1448 CWE-916,EN-Use of Password Hash With Insufficient Computational Effort (Type: Base),"The software generates a hash for a password, but it uses a scheme that does not provide a sufficient level of computational effort that would make password cracking attacks infeasible or expensive.","Many password storage mechanisms compute a hash and store the hash, instead of storing the original password in plaintext. In this design, authentication involves accepting an incoming password, computing its hash, and comparing it to the stored hash.
2133 CWE-916,EN-Use of Password Hash With Insufficient Computational Effort (Type: Base),"The software generates a hash for a password, but it uses a scheme that does not provide a sufficient level of computational effort that would make password cracking attacks infeasible or expensive.
2134 Many password storage mechanisms compute a hash and store the hash, instead of storing the original password in plaintext. In this design, authentication involves accepting an incoming password, computing its hash, and comparing it to the stored hash.
14492135 Many hash algorithms are designed to execute quickly with minimal overhead, even cryptographic hashes. However, this efficiency is a problem for password storage, because it can reduce an attacker's workload for brute-force password cracking. If an attacker can obtain the hashes through some other method (such as SQL injection on a database that stores hashes), then the attacker can store the hashes offline and use various techniques to crack the passwords by computing hashes efficiently. Without a built-in workload, modern attacks can compute large numbers of hashes, or even exhaust the entire space of all possible passwords, within a very short amount of time, using massively-parallel computing (such as cloud computing) and GPU, ASIC, or FPGA hardware. In such a scenario, an efficient hash algorithm helps the attacker.
14502136 There are several properties of a hash scheme that are relevant to its strength against an offline, massively-parallel attack:
14512137 The amount of CPU time required to compute the hash (""stretching"")
14672153 The Importance of Being Canonical: http://erratasec.blogspot.com/2009/02/importance-of-being-canonical.html
14682154 Our password hashing has no clothes: http://www.troyhunt.com/2012/06/our-password-hashing-has-no-clothes.html
14692155 Should we really use bcrypt/scrypt?: http://www.analyticalengine.net/2012/06/should-we-really-use-bcryptscrypt/"
1470 CWE-917,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement (Expression Language Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an expression language (EL) statement in a Java Server Page (JSP) using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended EL statement before it is executed.","Many password storage mechanisms compute a hash and store the hash, instead of storing the original password in plaintext. In this design, authentication involves accepting an incoming password, computing its hash, and comparing it to the stored hash.
2156 CWE-917,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement (Expression Language Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an expression language (EL) statement in a Java Server Page (JSP) using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended EL statement before it is executed.
2157 Many password storage mechanisms compute a hash and store the hash, instead of storing the original password in plaintext. In this design, authentication involves accepting an incoming password, computing its hash, and comparing it to the stored hash.
14712158 Many hash algorithms are designed to execute quickly with minimal overhead, even cryptographic hashes. However, this efficiency is a problem for password storage, because it can reduce an attacker's workload for brute-force password cracking. If an attacker can obtain the hashes through some other method (such as SQL injection on a database that stores hashes), then the attacker can store the hashes offline and use various techniques to crack the passwords by computing hashes efficiently. Without a built-in workload, modern attacks can compute large numbers of hashes, or even exhaust the entire space of all possible passwords, within a very short amount of time, using massively-parallel computing (such as cloud computing) and GPU, ASIC, or FPGA hardware. In such a scenario, an efficient hash algorithm helps the attacker.
14722159 There are several properties of a hash scheme that are relevant to its strength against an offline, massively-parallel attack:
14732160 The amount of CPU time required to compute the hash (""stretching"")
14772164 Relative to the number of all possible hashes that can be generated by the scheme, there is a low likelihood of producing the same hash for multiple different inputs (""collision resistance"")
14782165 Note that the security requirements for the software may vary depending on the environment and the value of the passwords. Different schemes might not provide all of these properties, yet may still provide sufficient security for the environment. Conversely, a solution might be very strong in preserving one property, which still being very weak for an attack against another property, or it might not be able to significantly reduce the efficiency of a massively-parallel attack.",,Unknown,"Expression Language Injection: http://www.mindedsecurity.com/fileshare/ExpressionLanguageInjection.pdf
14792166 Remote Code with Expression Language Injection: http://danamodio.com/application-security/discoveries/spring-remote-code-with-expression-language-injection/"
1480 CWE-918,EN-Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) (Type: Base),"The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.","By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests.",,Unknown,"SSRF vs. Business-critical applications: XXE tunneling in SAP: https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Polyakov/BH_US_12_Polyakov_SSRF_Business_Slides.pdf
2167 CWE-918,EN-Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) (Type: Base),"The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.
2168 By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests.",,Unknown,"SSRF vs. Business-critical applications: XXE tunneling in SAP: https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Polyakov/BH_US_12_Polyakov_SSRF_Business_Slides.pdf
14812169 SSRF vs. Business-critical Applications. Part 1: XXE Tunnelling in SAP NetWeaver: http://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/SSRF-vs-Businness-critical-applications-whitepaper.pdf
14822170 Cross Site Port Attacks - XSPA - Part 1: http://www.riyazwalikar.com/2012/11/cross-site-port-attacks-xspa-part-1.html
14832171 Cross Site Port Attacks - XSPA - Part 2: http://www.riyazwalikar.com/2012/11/cross-site-port-attacks-xspa-part-2.html
14852173 SSRF attacks and sockets: smorgasbord of vulnerabilities: http://www.slideshare.net/d0znpp/ssrf-attacks-and-sockets-smorgasbord-of-vulnerabilities
14862174 SSRF bible. Cheatsheet: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1v1TkWZtrhzRLy0bYXBcdLUedXGb9njTNIJXa3u9akHM/edit?pli=1#
14872175 Web Portals: Gateway To Information, Or A Hole In Our Perimeter Defenses: http://www.shmoocon.org/2008/presentations/Web%20portals,%20gateway%20to%20information.ppt"
1488 CWE-92,EN-DEPRECATED: Improper Sanitization of Custom Special Characters (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated. It originally came from PLOVER, which sometimes defined ""other"" and ""miscellaneous"" categories in order to satisfy exhaustiveness requirements for taxonomies. Within the context of CWE, the use of a more abstract entry is preferred in mapping situations. CWE-75 is a more appropriate mapping.","By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests.",,Unknown,
1489 CWE-920,EN-Improper Restriction of Power Consumption (Type: Base),"The software operates in an environment in which power is a limited resource that cannot be automatically replenished, but the software does not properly restrict the amount of power that its operation consumes.","In environments such as embedded or mobile devices, power can be a limited resource such as a battery, which cannot be automatically replenished by the software itself, and the device might not always be directly attached to a reliable power source. If the software uses too much power too quickly, then this could cause the device (and subsequently, the software) to stop functioning until power is restored, or increase the financial burden on the device owner because of increased power costs.
2176 CWE-92,EN-DEPRECATED: Improper Sanitization of Custom Special Characters (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated. It originally came from PLOVER, which sometimes defined ""other"" and ""miscellaneous"" categories in order to satisfy exhaustiveness requirements for taxonomies. Within the context of CWE, the use of a more abstract entry is preferred in mapping situations. CWE-75 is a more appropriate mapping.
2177 By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests.",,Unknown,
2178 CWE-920,EN-Improper Restriction of Power Consumption (Type: Base),"The software operates in an environment in which power is a limited resource that cannot be automatically replenished, but the software does not properly restrict the amount of power that its operation consumes.
2179 In environments such as embedded or mobile devices, power can be a limited resource such as a battery, which cannot be automatically replenished by the software itself, and the device might not always be directly attached to a reliable power source. If the software uses too much power too quickly, then this could cause the device (and subsequently, the software) to stop functioning until power is restored, or increase the financial burden on the device owner because of increased power costs.
14902180 Normal operation of an application will consume power. However, in some cases, an attacker could cause the application to consume more power than intended, using components such as:
14912181 Display
14922182 CPU
14952185 Sound
14962186 Microphone
14972187 USB interface",,Unknown,
1498 CWE-921,EN-Storage of Sensitive Data in a Mechanism without Access Control (Type: Base),The software stores sensitive information in a file system or device that does not have built-in access control.,"While many modern file systems or devices utilize some form of access control in order to restrict access to data, not all storage mechanisms have this capability. For example, memory cards, floppy disks, CDs, and USB devices are typically made accessible to any user within the system. This can become a problem when sensitive data is stored in these mechanisms in a multi-user environment, because anybody on the system can read or write this data.
2188 CWE-921,EN-Storage of Sensitive Data in a Mechanism without Access Control (Type: Base),"The software stores sensitive information in a file system or device that does not have built-in access control.
2189 While many modern file systems or devices utilize some form of access control in order to restrict access to data, not all storage mechanisms have this capability. For example, memory cards, floppy disks, CDs, and USB devices are typically made accessible to any user within the system. This can become a problem when sensitive data is stored in these mechanisms in a multi-user environment, because anybody on the system can read or write this data.
14992190 On Android devices, external storage is typically globally readable and writable by other applications on the device. External storage may also be easily accessible through the mobile device's USB connection or physically accessible through the device's memory card port.",,Unknown,Security Tips: http://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-tips.html#StoringData
1500 CWE-922,EN-Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information (Type: Class),The software stores sensitive information without properly limiting read or write access by unauthorized actors.,"If read access is not properly restricted, then attackers can steal the sensitive information. If write access is not properly restricted, then attackers can modify and possibly delete the data, causing incorrect results and possibly a denial of service.",,Unknown,
1501 CWE-923,EN-Improper Authentication of Endpoint in a Communication Channel (Type: Class),"The software establishes a communication channel to (or from) an endpoint for privileged or protected operations, but it does not properly authenticate the endpoint to ensure it is associated with the identity of the intended actor.","Attackers might be able to spoof the intended endpoint from a different system or process, thus gaining the same level of access as the intended endpoint.
2191 CWE-922,EN-Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information (Type: Class),"The software stores sensitive information without properly limiting read or write access by unauthorized actors.
2192 If read access is not properly restricted, then attackers can steal the sensitive information. If write access is not properly restricted, then attackers can modify and possibly delete the data, causing incorrect results and possibly a denial of service.",,Unknown,
2193 CWE-923,EN-Improper Authentication of Endpoint in a Communication Channel (Type: Class),"The software establishes a communication channel to (or from) an endpoint for privileged or protected operations, but it does not properly authenticate the endpoint to ensure it is associated with the identity of the intended actor.
2194 Attackers might be able to spoof the intended endpoint from a different system or process, thus gaining the same level of access as the intended endpoint.
15022195 While this issue frequently involves authentication between network-based clients and servers, other types of communication channels and endpoints can have this weakness.",,Unknown,
1503 CWE-924,EN-Improper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel (Type: Class),"The software establishes a communication channel with an endpoint and receives a message from that endpoint, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the message was not modified during transmission.",A man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacker might be able to modify the message and spoof the endpoint.,,Unknown,
1504 CWE-925,EN-Improper Verification of Intent by Broadcast Receiver (Type: Variant),"The Android application uses a Broadcast Receiver that receives an Intent but does not properly verify that the Intent came from an authorized source, e.g. by checking the action string.","Certain types of Intents, identified by action string, can only be broadcast by the operating system itself, not by third-party applications. However, when an application declares the ability for a component to receive broadcast messages, in most cases a malicious application can send an Intent with a non-reserved action string to that receiving component.",,Unknown,
1505 CWE-926,EN-Improper Restriction of Content Provider Export to Other Applications (Type: Variant),The Android application uses a Content Provider that does not properly restrict which applications can access the data that is offered by the Content Provider.,"Android's Content Provider mechanism can be used to share data with other applications or internally within the same application. If access to the Content Provider is not restricted to only the expected applications, then malicious applications might be able to access the sensitive data.
2196 CWE-924,EN-Improper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel (Type: Class),"The software establishes a communication channel with an endpoint and receives a message from that endpoint, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the message was not modified during transmission.
2197 A man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacker might be able to modify the message and spoof the endpoint.",,Unknown,
2198 CWE-925,EN-Improper Verification of Intent by Broadcast Receiver (Type: Variant),"The Android application uses a Broadcast Receiver that receives an Intent but does not properly verify that the Intent came from an authorized source, e.g. by checking the action string.
2199 Certain types of Intents, identified by action string, can only be broadcast by the operating system itself, not by third-party applications. However, when an application declares the ability for a component to receive broadcast messages, in most cases a malicious application can send an Intent with a non-reserved action string to that receiving component.",,Unknown,
2200 CWE-926,EN-Improper Restriction of Content Provider Export to Other Applications (Type: Variant),"The Android application uses a Content Provider that does not properly restrict which applications can access the data that is offered by the Content Provider.
2201 Android's Content Provider mechanism can be used to share data with other applications or internally within the same application. If access to the Content Provider is not restricted to only the expected applications, then malicious applications might be able to access the sensitive data.
15062202 This weakness could be expressed in several different ways:
15072203 The Content Provider is only intended for internal use by the application, and thus does not need to be exported.
15082204 In Android before 4.2, the Content Provider is automatically exported unless it has been explicitly declared as NOT exported.
15092205 The Content Provider is intended for external use by some applications, but it does not properly limit access, e.g. by exporting with excessive permissions.",,Unknown,No description: http://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-tips.html#ContentProviders
1510 CWE-927,EN-Use of Implicit Intent for Sensitive Communication (Type: Variant),The Android application uses an implicit intent for transmitting sensitive data to other applications.,"Since an implicit intent does not specify a particular application to receive the data, any application can process the intent by using an Intent Filter for that intent. This can allow untrusted applications to obtain sensitive data.",,Unknown,"Analyzing Inter-Application Communication in Android: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~afelt/intentsecurity-mobisys.pdf
2206 CWE-927,EN-Use of Implicit Intent for Sensitive Communication (Type: Variant),"The Android application uses an implicit intent for transmitting sensitive data to other applications.
2207 Since an implicit intent does not specify a particular application to receive the data, any application can process the intent by using an Intent Filter for that intent. This can allow untrusted applications to obtain sensitive data.",,Unknown,"Analyzing Inter-Application Communication in Android: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~afelt/intentsecurity-mobisys.pdf
15112208 Security Tips: http://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-tips.html#ContentProviders"
1512 CWE-96,EN-Improper Neutralization of Directives in Statically Saved Code (Static Code Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before inserting the input into an executable resource, such as a library, configuration file, or template.","This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Unknown,
1513 CWE-97,EN-Improper Neutralization of Server-Side Includes (SSI) Within a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software generates a web page, but does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input that could be interpreted as a server-side include (SSI) directive.","This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Unknown,
1514 CWE-116,EN-Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output (Type: Class),"The software prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.","Improper encoding or escaping can allow attackers to change the commands that are sent to another component, inserting malicious commands instead.
2209 CWE-96,EN-Improper Neutralization of Directives in Statically Saved Code (Static Code Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before inserting the input into an executable resource, such as a library, configuration file, or template.
2210 This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Unknown,
2211 CWE-97,EN-Improper Neutralization of Server-Side Includes (SSI) Within a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software generates a web page, but does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input that could be interpreted as a server-side include (SSI) directive.
2212 This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Unknown,
2213 CWE-116,EN-Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output (Type: Class),"The software prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
2214 Improper encoding or escaping can allow attackers to change the commands that are sent to another component, inserting malicious commands instead.
15152215 Most software follows a certain protocol that uses structured messages for communication between components, such as queries or commands. These structured messages can contain raw data interspersed with metadata or control information. For example, ""GET /index.html HTTP/1.1"" is a structured message containing a command (""GET"") with a single argument (""/index.html"") and metadata about which protocol version is being used (""HTTP/1.1"").
15162216 If an application uses attacker-supplied inputs to construct a structured message without properly encoding or escaping, then the attacker could insert special characters that will cause the data to be interpreted as control information or metadata. Consequently, the component that receives the output will perform the wrong operations, or otherwise interpret the data incorrectly.",,Very High,"OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
15172217 Input validation or output filtering, which is better?: http://jeremiahgrossman.blogspot.com/2007/01/input-validation-or-output-filtering.html
15212221 Input Validation - Not That Important: http://manicode.blogspot.com/2008/08/input-validation-not-that-important.html
15222222 Preventing XSS with Correct Output Encoding: http://phed.org/2008/05/19/preventing-xss-with-correct-output-encoding/
15232223 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 11, ""Canonical Representation Issues"" Page 363"
1524 CWE-121,EN-Stack-based Buffer Overflow (Type: Variant),"A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).","A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Stack Overruns"" Page 129
2224 CWE-121,EN-Stack-based Buffer Overflow (Type: Variant),"A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
2225 A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Stack Overruns"" Page 129
15252226 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
15262227 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Nonexecutable Stack"", Page 76.
15272228 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Protection Mechanisms"", Page 189."
1528 CWE-134,EN-Uncontrolled Format String (Type: Base),"The software uses externally-controlled format strings in printf-style functions, which can lead to buffer overflows or data representation problems.","If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Very High,"Format String Vulnerabilities in Perl Programs: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/418460/30/0/threaded
2229 CWE-134,EN-Uncontrolled Format String (Type: Base),"The software uses externally-controlled format strings in printf-style functions, which can lead to buffer overflows or data representation problems.
2230 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Very High,"Format String Vulnerabilities in Perl Programs: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/418460/30/0/threaded
15292231 Programming Language Format String Vulnerabilities: http://www.ddj.com/dept/security/197002914
15302232 Format String Attacks: http://www.thenewsh.com/~newsham/format-string-attacks.pdf
15312233 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Format String Bugs"" Page 147
15322234 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 6: Format String Problems."" Page 109
15332235 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""C Format Strings"", Page 422."
1534 CWE-256,EN-Plaintext Storage of a Password (Type: Variant),Storing a password in plaintext may result in a system compromise.,"Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1535 CWE-257,EN-Storing Passwords in a Recoverable Format (Type: Base),"The storage of passwords in a recoverable format makes them subject to password reuse attacks by malicious users. If a system administrator can recover a password directly, or use a brute force search on the available information, the administrator can use the password on other accounts.","Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,
1536 CWE-258,EN-Empty Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),Using an empty string as a password is insecure.,"Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1537 CWE-259,EN-Use of Hard-coded Password (Type: Base),"The software contains a hard-coded password, which it uses for its own inbound authentication or for outbound communication to external components.","A hard-coded password typically leads to a significant authentication failure that can be difficult for the system administrator to detect. Once detected, it can be difficult to fix, so the administrator may be forced into disabling the product entirely. There are two main variations:
2236 CWE-256,EN-Plaintext Storage of a Password (Type: Variant),"Storing a password in plaintext may result in a system compromise.
2237 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
2238 CWE-257,EN-Storing Passwords in a Recoverable Format (Type: Base),"The storage of passwords in a recoverable format makes them subject to password reuse attacks by malicious users. If a system administrator can recover a password directly, or use a brute force search on the available information, the administrator can use the password on other accounts.
2239 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,
2240 CWE-258,EN-Empty Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),"Using an empty string as a password is insecure.
2241 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
2242 CWE-259,EN-Use of Hard-coded Password (Type: Base),"The software contains a hard-coded password, which it uses for its own inbound authentication or for outbound communication to external components.
2243 A hard-coded password typically leads to a significant authentication failure that can be difficult for the system administrator to detect. Once detected, it can be difficult to fix, so the administrator may be forced into disabling the product entirely. There are two main variations:
15382244 Inbound: the software contains an authentication mechanism that checks for a hard-coded password.
15392245 Outbound: the software connects to another system or component, and it contains hard-coded password for connecting to that component.
15402246 In the Inbound variant, a default administration account is created, and a simple password is hard-coded into the product and associated with that account. This hard-coded password is the same for each installation of the product, and it usually cannot be changed or disabled by system administrators without manually modifying the program, or otherwise patching the software. If the password is ever discovered or published (a common occurrence on the Internet), then anybody with knowledge of this password can access the product. Finally, since all installations of the software will have the same password, even across different organizations, this enables massive attacks such as worms to take place.
15412247 The Outbound variant applies to front-end systems that authenticate with a back-end service. The back-end service may require a fixed password which can be easily discovered. The programmer may simply hard-code those back-end credentials into the front-end software. Any user of that program may be able to extract the password. Client-side systems with hard-coded passwords pose even more of a threat, since the extraction of a password from a binary is usually very simple.",,Very High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1542 CWE-309,EN-Use of Password System for Primary Authentication (Type: Base),"The use of password systems as the primary means of authentication may be subject to several flaws or shortcomings, each reducing the effectiveness of the mechanism.","While the use of multiple authentication schemes is simply piling on more complexity on top of authentication, it is inestimably valuable to have such measures of redundancy. The use of weak, reused, and common passwords is rampant on the internet. Without the added protection of multiple authentication schemes, a single mistake can result in the compromise of an account. For this reason, if multiple schemes are possible and also easy to use, they should be implemented and required.",,Very High,
1543 CWE-74,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component (Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.","Software has certain assumptions about what constitutes data and control respectively. It is the lack of verification of these assumptions for user-controlled input that leads to injection problems. Injection problems encompass a wide variety of issues -- all mitigated in very different ways and usually attempted in order to alter the control flow of the process. For this reason, the most effective way to discuss these weaknesses is to note the distinct features which classify them as injection weaknesses. The most important issue to note is that all injection problems share one thing in common -- i.e., they allow for the injection of control plane data into the user-controlled data plane. This means that the execution of the process may be altered by sending code in through legitimate data channels, using no other mechanism. While buffer overflows, and many other flaws, involve the use of some further issue to gain execution, injection problems need only for the data to be parsed. The most classic instantiations of this category of weakness are SQL injection and format string vulnerabilities.",,Very High,
1544 CWE-77,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (Command Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.","Command injection vulnerabilities typically occur when:
2248 CWE-309,EN-Use of Password System for Primary Authentication (Type: Base),"The use of password systems as the primary means of authentication may be subject to several flaws or shortcomings, each reducing the effectiveness of the mechanism.
2249 While the use of multiple authentication schemes is simply piling on more complexity on top of authentication, it is inestimably valuable to have such measures of redundancy. The use of weak, reused, and common passwords is rampant on the internet. Without the added protection of multiple authentication schemes, a single mistake can result in the compromise of an account. For this reason, if multiple schemes are possible and also easy to use, they should be implemented and required.",,Very High,
2250 CWE-74,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component (Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.
2251 Software has certain assumptions about what constitutes data and control respectively. It is the lack of verification of these assumptions for user-controlled input that leads to injection problems. Injection problems encompass a wide variety of issues -- all mitigated in very different ways and usually attempted in order to alter the control flow of the process. For this reason, the most effective way to discuss these weaknesses is to note the distinct features which classify them as injection weaknesses. The most important issue to note is that all injection problems share one thing in common -- i.e., they allow for the injection of control plane data into the user-controlled data plane. This means that the execution of the process may be altered by sending code in through legitimate data channels, using no other mechanism. While buffer overflows, and many other flaws, involve the use of some further issue to gain execution, injection problems need only for the data to be parsed. The most classic instantiations of this category of weakness are SQL injection and format string vulnerabilities.",,Very High,
2252 CWE-77,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (Command Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
2253 Command injection vulnerabilities typically occur when:
15452254 1. Data enters the application from an untrusted source.
15462255 2. The data is part of a string that is executed as a command by the application.
15472256 3. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Very High,"Exploiting Software: How to Break Code
15482257 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 10: Command Injection."" Page 171"
1549 CWE-798,EN-Use of Hard-coded Credentials (Type: Base),"The software contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key, which it uses for its own inbound authentication, outbound communication to external components, or encryption of internal data.","Hard-coded credentials typically create a significant hole that allows an attacker to bypass the authentication that has been configured by the software administrator. This hole might be difficult for the system administrator to detect. Even if detected, it can be difficult to fix, so the administrator may be forced into disabling the product entirely. There are two main variations:
2258 CWE-798,EN-Use of Hard-coded Credentials (Type: Base),"The software contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key, which it uses for its own inbound authentication, outbound communication to external components, or encryption of internal data.
2259 Hard-coded credentials typically create a significant hole that allows an attacker to bypass the authentication that has been configured by the software administrator. This hole might be difficult for the system administrator to detect. Even if detected, it can be difficult to fix, so the administrator may be forced into disabling the product entirely. There are two main variations:
15502260 Inbound: the software contains an authentication mechanism that checks the input credentials against a hard-coded set of credentials.
15512261 Outbound: the software connects to another system or component, and it contains hard-coded credentials for connecting to that component.
15522262 In the Inbound variant, a default administration account is created, and a simple password is hard-coded into the product and associated with that account. This hard-coded password is the same for each installation of the product, and it usually cannot be changed or disabled by system administrators without manually modifying the program, or otherwise patching the software. If the password is ever discovered or published (a common occurrence on the Internet), then anybody with knowledge of this password can access the product. Finally, since all installations of the software will have the same password, even across different organizations, this enables massive attacks such as worms to take place.
15532263 The Outbound variant applies to front-end systems that authenticate with a back-end service. The back-end service may require a fixed password which can be easily discovered. The programmer may simply hard-code those back-end credentials into the front-end software. Any user of that program may be able to extract the password. Client-side systems with hard-coded passwords pose even more of a threat, since the extraction of a password from a binary is usually very simple.",,Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 8, ""Key Management Issues"" Page 272
15542264 Top 25 Series - Rank 11 - Hardcoded Credentials: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/10/top-25-series-rank-11-hardcoded-credentials/
15552265 Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/"
1556 CWE-89,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (SQL Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component.","Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
2266 CWE-89,EN-Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (SQL Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component.
2267 Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
15572268 SQL injection has become a common issue with database-driven web sites. The flaw is easily detected, and easily exploited, and as such, any site or software package with even a minimal user base is likely to be subject to an attempted attack of this kind. This flaw depends on the fact that SQL makes no real distinction between the control and data planes.",,Very High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 1: SQL Injection."" Page 3
15582269 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 12, ""Database Input Issues"" Page 397
15592270 SQL Injection Prevention Cheat Sheet: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/SQL_Injection_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet
15682279 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
15692280 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""SQL Queries"", Page 431.
15702281 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""SQL Injection"", Page 1061."
1571 CWE-262,EN-Not Using Password Aging (Type: Variant),"If no mechanism is in place for managing password aging, users will have no incentive to update passwords in a timely manner.","This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Very Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1572 CWE-263,EN-Password Aging with Long Expiration (Type: Base),Allowing password aging to occur unchecked can result in the possibility of diminished password integrity.,"Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Very Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1573 CWE-768,ES-Incorrect Short Circuit Evaluation (Type: Variant),"The software contains a conditional statement with multiple logical expressions in which one of the non-leading expressions may produce side effects. This may lead to an unexpected state in the program after the execution of the conditional, because short-circuiting logic may prevent the side effects from occurring.",,"Usage of short circuit evaluation, though well-defined in the C standard, may alter control flow in a way that introduces logic errors that are difficult to detect, possibly causing errors later during the software's execution. If an attacker can discover such an inconsistency, it may be exploitable to gain arbitrary control over a system.
2282 CWE-262,EN-Not Using Password Aging (Type: Variant),"If no mechanism is in place for managing password aging, users will have no incentive to update passwords in a timely manner.
2283 This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Very Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
2284 CWE-263,EN-Password Aging with Long Expiration (Type: Base),"Allowing password aging to occur unchecked can result in the possibility of diminished password integrity.
2285 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Very Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
2286 CWE-768,ES-Incorrect Short Circuit Evaluation (Type: Variant),"The software contains a conditional statement with multiple logical expressions in which one of the non-leading expressions may produce side effects. This may lead to an unexpected state in the program after the execution of the conditional, because short-circuiting logic may prevent the side effects from occurring.
2287 ","Usage of short circuit evaluation, though well-defined in the C standard, may alter control flow in a way that introduces logic errors that are difficult to detect, possibly causing errors later during the software's execution. If an attacker can discover such an inconsistency, it may be exploitable to gain arbitrary control over a system.
15742288 If the first condition of an ""or"" statement is assumed to be true under normal circumstances, or if the first condition of an ""and"" statement is assumed to be false, then any subsequent conditional may contain its own logic errors that are not detected during code review or testing.
15752289 Finally, the usage of short circuit evaluation may decrease the maintainability of the code.",Very Low,
1576 ,Metadatos,"250+ Archivos conteniendo metadatos: Usuarios, Carpetas, fechas de edicion y modificacion, software usado, Direccion de impresoras locales",,"Datos privados son revelados a traves de los metadatos de documentos hosteados en el dominio (PDF, WORD). Datos como nombres de usuario, versiones de sistemas operativos, versiones de software utilizados, fechas y horas de cada modificacion del documento, direcciones de red de impresoras, etc. Se recomienda limpiar de metadatos documentos que luego seran publicados en internet",,
1577 ,ES-Session Cookie without Secure flag set,"La cookie no tiene la marca de ""Secure"". Esto instruye al navegador que dicha cookie puede ser solo accedida por canales SSL.",,Si es posible se deberia habilitar la flag Secure para esta cookie,Low,
1578 ,ES-Session Cookie without HttpOnly flag Set,"La cookie de sesion no esta marcada como HTTPOnly, cuando una cookie es marcada de esta manera da instruccion al navegador que esa cookie puede ser accedida solamente por el servdor y no por script del lado del cliente. Es una importante proteccion de seguridad para las cookies de sesion",,Si es posible se deberia habilitar la flag HTTPOnly para esta cookie,Low,
2290 ,Metadatos,"250+ Archivos conteniendo metadatos: Usuarios, Carpetas, fechas de edicion y modificacion, software usado, Direccion de impresoras locales
2291 ","Datos privados son revelados a traves de los metadatos de documentos hosteados en el dominio (PDF, WORD). Datos como nombres de usuario, versiones de sistemas operativos, versiones de software utilizados, fechas y horas de cada modificacion del documento, direcciones de red de impresoras, etc. Se recomienda limpiar de metadatos documentos que luego seran publicados en internet",,
2292 ,ES-Session Cookie without Secure flag set,"La cookie no tiene la marca de ""Secure"". Esto instruye al navegador que dicha cookie puede ser solo accedida por canales SSL.
2293 ",Si es posible se deberia habilitar la flag Secure para esta cookie,Low,
2294 ,ES-Session Cookie without HttpOnly flag Set,"La cookie de sesion no esta marcada como HTTPOnly, cuando una cookie es marcada de esta manera da instruccion al navegador que esa cookie puede ser accedida solamente por el servdor y no por script del lado del cliente. Es una importante proteccion de seguridad para las cookies de sesion
2295 ",Si es posible se deberia habilitar la flag HTTPOnly para esta cookie,Low,
15792296 ,ES-Apache httpd Remote Denial of Service,"* Alerta generada por el flag del servidor: ver: 2.2.15 *
1580 Se ha detectado un problema en las versiones de apache 1.3.0, 2.0.x hasta 2.0.64 y 2.2.X hasta 2.2.19 que mediante una herramienta automatizada un atacante usand una moderada cantidad de request puede causar un uso significativo de memoria y CPU en el servidor. Datos: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2011/Aug/175.",,Actualizar version de apache,Medium,
1581 ,ES-Robots.txt,Robots.txt revela directorios sensibles. Un atacante busca directamente robots.txt para encontrar puntos desde donde comenzar su ataque.,,"Es conveniente manejar nombres de directorios que no describan el contenido, en especial en directorios sensibles. Por ejemplo en lugar de /setup o /app_data llamar al directorio /Dir_Code1. De esta manera no revelar a un atacante que clase de informacion contiene un directorio, que se intenta ocultar de los buscadores (mediante robots.txt)
2297 Se ha detectado un problema en las versiones de apache 1.3.0, 2.0.x hasta 2.0.64 y 2.2.X hasta 2.2.19 que mediante una herramienta automatizada un atacante usand una moderada cantidad de request puede causar un uso significativo de memoria y CPU en el servidor. Datos: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2011/Aug/175.
2298 ",Actualizar version de apache,Medium,
2299 ,ES-Robots.txt,"Robots.txt revela directorios sensibles. Un atacante busca directamente robots.txt para encontrar puntos desde donde comenzar su ataque.
2300 ","Es conveniente manejar nombres de directorios que no describan el contenido, en especial en directorios sensibles. Por ejemplo en lugar de /setup o /app_data llamar al directorio /Dir_Code1. De esta manera no revelar a un atacante que clase de informacion contiene un directorio, que se intenta ocultar de los buscadores (mediante robots.txt)
15822301 Otra practica que se me ocurre es la utilizacion de parametros. Por ejemplo:
15832302 Disallow: /*AB/$
15842303 Esto desactivará cualquier carpeta que termine con ""AB"" por ejemplo /sourceAB/. Evitando pasar cualquier dato a un atacante y centralizando las carpetas sensibles y ocultandolas simplemente colocando ""AB"" al final.",Info,
1585 ,ES-Typical Login Web,"Archivo de Login nombrado de manera ""comun"".",,Esto facilita a los robots de ataque encontrar paginas sensibles. Se recomienda no usar nombres estandard para paginas de login.,,
1586 ,ES-Credentials en Texto Plano,Las Credenciales de usuario son trasmitidas por un canal sin cifrar y puede ser interceptada.,,Es altamente recomendable que las paginas de login se fuerzen a usar SSL (https),Medium,
1587 ,ES-Parametro __VIEWSTATE sin encriptar,"El parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"" no esta encriptado. Para reducir las posibilidades que alguien intercepte informacion guardada en ViewState es bueno encriptarlo.",,"Se recomienda encriptar el parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"", para hacer esto se debe setear el tipo de validacion a 3DES. Editar Web.Config y agregar la siguiente linea bajo <system.web>
2304 ,ES-Typical Login Web,"Archivo de Login nombrado de manera ""comun"".
2305 ",Esto facilita a los robots de ataque encontrar paginas sensibles. Se recomienda no usar nombres estandard para paginas de login.,,
2306 ,ES-Credentials en Texto Plano,"Las Credenciales de usuario son trasmitidas por un canal sin cifrar y puede ser interceptada.
2307 ",Es altamente recomendable que las paginas de login se fuerzen a usar SSL (https),Medium,
2308 ,ES-Parametro __VIEWSTATE sin encriptar,"El parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"" no esta encriptado. Para reducir las posibilidades que alguien intercepte informacion guardada en ViewState es bueno encriptarlo.
2309 ","Se recomienda encriptar el parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"", para hacer esto se debe setear el tipo de validacion a 3DES. Editar Web.Config y agregar la siguiente linea bajo <system.web>
15882310 <machineKey validation=""3DES""/>",,
15892311 ,ES-Insecure Captcha,"La resolucion del Captcha esta incluida en el mismo codigo:
15902312
15932315
15942316 Siendo la respuesta THHvB
15952317
1596 Facilitando la manera de automatizar un script para atacar el form",,Se recomienda implementar un sistema de Captcha que la resolucion no se incluya en el codigo.,,
2318 Facilitando la manera de automatizar un script para atacar el form
2319 ",Se recomienda implementar un sistema de Captcha que la resolucion no se incluya en el codigo.,,
15972320 ,"ES-Mensaje de error de la aplicacion
1598 (Application error message)","El server responde con mensajes de error internos que no deberián mostrarse, facilitando de esta manera informacion que puede ser sensible o util para un atacante. Pudiendo de esta manera obtener datos para mejorar su vector de ataque",,"Se recomienda deshabilitar los mensajes de error, para no proporcionar información de la tecnología o software implementado.
2321 (Application error message)","El server responde con mensajes de error internos que no deberián mostrarse, facilitando de esta manera informacion que puede ser sensible o util para un atacante. Pudiendo de esta manera obtener datos para mejorar su vector de ataque
2322 ","Se recomienda deshabilitar los mensajes de error, para no proporcionar información de la tecnología o software implementado.
15992323
16002324 ",Low,
16012325 ,ES-Apache httpOnly Cookie Disclosure,"El servidor Apache version 2.2.X hasta la 2.2.21 no restringe correctamente la informacion mostrada en la contrsuccion del error "" Bad Request "" (aka 400) permitiendo a un atacante obtener los parametros de HTTPOnly.
1602 Datos: http://fd.the-wildcat.de/apache_e36a9cf46c.php",,Actualizar el apache. La version 2.2.22 es la primer version que soluciona este problema.,Medium,
1603 ,ES-Input de Contraseña con Autocompletar,"Un form de login con autocompletar sugiere un problema de seguridad, sobretodo para los usuarios que utilizan el servicio desde computadoras publicas.",,"Se recomienta establecer el input con Autocomplete OFF:
2326 Datos: http://fd.the-wildcat.de/apache_e36a9cf46c.php
2327 ",Actualizar el apache. La version 2.2.22 es la primer version que soluciona este problema.,Medium,
2328 ,ES-Input de Contraseña con Autocompletar,"Un form de login con autocompletar sugiere un problema de seguridad, sobretodo para los usuarios que utilizan el servicio desde computadoras publicas.
2329 ","Se recomienta establecer el input con Autocomplete OFF:
16042330 <INPUT TYPE=""password"" AUTOCOMPLETE=""off"">",Low,
1605 ,ES-Archivos de Backup,"Los archivos de Backup pueden contener codigo fuente de script, archivos de configuracion u otra informacion sensible que puede ayudar a un atacante a conocer el servidor y preparar ataques mas avanzados o especificos.",,Remover el/los archivo(s) si no son requeridos en el servidor en produccion. Como un paso adicional es recomendado implementar una politica de seguridad para no permitir la creacion de archivos de backup en directorios accesibles desde la web.,,
1606 ,ES-Possible sensitive directories,"Un posible directorio sensible fue encotnrado. Este directorio no esta directamente linkeado en el servidor Web.Se chekeo usando nombres comunes para directorios de configuracion, backups, bajadas de bases de datos, paginas de administracion, archivos temporales, etc. Usar nombres comunes de directorios para almacenar este tipo de informacion facilita a usuarios maliciosos buscar archivos sensibles.",,"Se recomienda llamar a estos directorios de manera no estandard, por ejemplo:
2331 ,ES-Archivos de Backup,"Los archivos de Backup pueden contener codigo fuente de script, archivos de configuracion u otra informacion sensible que puede ayudar a un atacante a conocer el servidor y preparar ataques mas avanzados o especificos.
2332 ",Remover el/los archivo(s) si no son requeridos en el servidor en produccion. Como un paso adicional es recomendado implementar una politica de seguridad para no permitir la creacion de archivos de backup en directorios accesibles desde la web.,,
2333 ,ES-Possible sensitive directories,"Un posible directorio sensible fue encotnrado. Este directorio no esta directamente linkeado en el servidor Web.Se chekeo usando nombres comunes para directorios de configuracion, backups, bajadas de bases de datos, paginas de administracion, archivos temporales, etc. Usar nombres comunes de directorios para almacenar este tipo de informacion facilita a usuarios maliciosos buscar archivos sensibles.
2334 ","Se recomienda llamar a estos directorios de manera no estandard, por ejemplo:
16072335 config-->c0nfig05
16082336 backup-->b4ccup
16092337 Aunque es aun mas recomendabl, de ser posible, no dejar directorios de backup, configuracion, etc accesibles directamente desde la web",,
1610 ,ES-Slow HTTP Denial of Service Attack,"Los ataques conocidos como ""Slowloris"" y ""Slow HTTP POST DoS"" se basan en el hecho de que el protocolo HTTP, por diseño, requiere que las consultas esten completamente recividas por el servidor antes de poder ser procesadas. Si la consulta HTTP no esta completa, o si la tranferencia es muy lenta, el servidor mantiene recursos ocupados esperando el resto de la informacion. Si el servidor mantiene demasiados recursos ocupados, esto crea una denegacion de servicio.",,Es importante establecer los tiempos de espera del servidor. Se adjunta link de recomendacion para evitar este tipo de ataques: https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/11/02/how-to-protect-against-slow-http-attacks,Medium,
1611 ,ES-Clickjacking,"No se encuentra ningún tipo de impedimento para evitar que la web sea embebida dentro de un iframe. Esta restricción es importante ya que un atacante podría engañar a un usuario autenticado a realizar operaciones mediante un engaño llamado Clickjacking donde la víctima se le presenta una web, posiblemente con algun juego, utilizando algunos engaños de interfaz la victima podria ser engañada a aprobar una venta. Ref:http://javascript.info/tutorial/clickjacking",,"Todos los browsers modernos son capaces de interpretar los valores seteados en X-Frame-Options, si los mismos son incluidos en el Header del servidor.",Low,
2338 ,ES-Slow HTTP Denial of Service Attack,"Los ataques conocidos como ""Slowloris"" y ""Slow HTTP POST DoS"" se basan en el hecho de que el protocolo HTTP, por diseño, requiere que las consultas esten completamente recividas por el servidor antes de poder ser procesadas. Si la consulta HTTP no esta completa, o si la tranferencia es muy lenta, el servidor mantiene recursos ocupados esperando el resto de la informacion. Si el servidor mantiene demasiados recursos ocupados, esto crea una denegacion de servicio.
2339 ",Es importante establecer los tiempos de espera del servidor. Se adjunta link de recomendacion para evitar este tipo de ataques: https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/11/02/how-to-protect-against-slow-http-attacks,Medium,
2340 ,ES-Clickjacking,"No se encuentra ningún tipo de impedimento para evitar que la web sea embebida dentro de un iframe. Esta restricción es importante ya que un atacante podría engañar a un usuario autenticado a realizar operaciones mediante un engaño llamado Clickjacking donde la víctima se le presenta una web, posiblemente con algun juego, utilizando algunos engaños de interfaz la victima podria ser engañada a aprobar una venta. Ref:http://javascript.info/tutorial/clickjacking
2341 ","Todos los browsers modernos son capaces de interpretar los valores seteados en X-Frame-Options, si los mismos son incluidos en el Header del servidor.",Low,
16122342 ,"ES-XSS Cross Site Scripting
1613 (Secuencias de comandos en sitios cruzados)","Es posible injectar tags html y código javascript malicioso, por una falta en la comprobación de los datos ingresados en los parameros. De esta forma, un atacante podría ejecutar código que le permita obtener las cookies del usuario atacado, y de esa forma, tomar control de su cuenta.",,"Recomendamos filtrar todos los parámetros en búsqueda de posibles injecciones, y escapar todos los datos de entrada que se vayan a mostrar en la respuesta.",High,
1614 ,ES-SSL 2.0 Obsolete Protocol,"El servicio remoto encripta el trafico utilizando una version obsoleta del protocolo SSL con errores y debilidades conocidas. Un atacante puede explotar estas vulneravilidades y conducir a un ataque de ""man in the middle"" o desencriptar la comunicaciones entre el servicio afectado y los clientes.",,Se recomienda desactivar SSL 2.0 y usar SSL 3.0 o TLS 1.0 en su lugar.,High,
2343 (Secuencias de comandos en sitios cruzados)","Es posible injectar tags html y código javascript malicioso, por una falta en la comprobación de los datos ingresados en los parameros. De esta forma, un atacante podría ejecutar código que le permita obtener las cookies del usuario atacado, y de esa forma, tomar control de su cuenta.
2344 ","Recomendamos filtrar todos los parámetros en búsqueda de posibles injecciones, y escapar todos los datos de entrada que se vayan a mostrar en la respuesta.",High,
2345 ,ES-SSL 2.0 Obsolete Protocol,"El servicio remoto encripta el trafico utilizando una version obsoleta del protocolo SSL con errores y debilidades conocidas. Un atacante puede explotar estas vulneravilidades y conducir a un ataque de ""man in the middle"" o desencriptar la comunicaciones entre el servicio afectado y los clientes.
2346 ",Se recomienda desactivar SSL 2.0 y usar SSL 3.0 o TLS 1.0 en su lugar.,High,
16152347 ,"ES-OPTIONS method is enabled
1616 (Metodo OPTIONS activado)",El metodo HTTP OPTIONS esta activado en el servidor. El metodo OPTIONS provee una lista de los metodos que son soportados por el servidor web. El metodo OPTIONS puede exponer informasion sensible que puede ayudar a un usuario malicioso a preparar ataques mas avanzados,,Es recomendado desactivar el metodo OPTIONS en un servidor en produccion.,Low,
2348 (Metodo OPTIONS activado)","El metodo HTTP OPTIONS esta activado en el servidor. El metodo OPTIONS provee una lista de los metodos que son soportados por el servidor web. El metodo OPTIONS puede exponer informasion sensible que puede ayudar a un usuario malicioso a preparar ataques mas avanzados
2349 ",Es recomendado desactivar el metodo OPTIONS en un servidor en produccion.,Low,
16172350 ,ES-TLS1/SSLv3 Renegotiation Vulnerability,"Una vulnerabilidad en la manera que el protocol SSL and TLS acepta pedidos renegociaciones pueden permitir a un atacante inyectar texto plano en ect plaintext into an application protocol stream. This could result in a situation where the attacker may be able to issue commands to the server that appear to be coming from a legitimate source. This issue affects SSL version 3.0 and newer and TLS version 1.0 and newer.
1618 A remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to inject an arbitrary amount of chosen plaintext into the beginning of the application protocol stream. This could allow and attacker to issue HTTP requests, or take action impersonating the user, among other consequences.",,http://www.g-sec.lu/practicaltls.pdf,,
1619 ,ES-File Inclusion,Es posible que un atacante remoto incluya un archivo de recursos locales o remotos y / o la ejecución de código de script arbitrario con los privilegios del servidor web.,,"Editar el código fuente para asegurarse de que la entrada esté correctamente validada. Cuando es posible, se recomienda hacer una lista de nombres de archivos aceptados y restringir la entrada a la lista.
2351 A remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to inject an arbitrary amount of chosen plaintext into the beginning of the application protocol stream. This could allow and attacker to issue HTTP requests, or take action impersonating the user, among other consequences.
2352 ",http://www.g-sec.lu/practicaltls.pdf,,
2353 ,ES-File Inclusion,"Es posible que un atacante remoto incluya un archivo de recursos locales o remotos y / o la ejecución de código de script arbitrario con los privilegios del servidor web.
2354 ","Editar el código fuente para asegurarse de que la entrada esté correctamente validada. Cuando es posible, se recomienda hacer una lista de nombres de archivos aceptados y restringir la entrada a la lista.
16202355
16212356 En PHP, la opción allow_url_fopen normalmente permite a un programador para abrir, incluir o utilizan de alguna manera un archivo remoto a través de una URL en lugar de una ruta de archivo local. Se recomienda desactivar esta opción de php.ini.",,
16222357 CWE-319,"ES-Credenciales enviadas por un canal en texto plano
16232358 (User Credentials Sent in Clear Text)","Las credenciales de usuario se transmiten sobre un canal sin cifrar. Esta información siempre debe ser transferida a través de un canal cifrado (HTTPS) para evitar ser interceptados por usuarios maliciosos.
16242359
1625 Una tercera persona puede ser capaz de leer las credenciales de usuario mediante la interceptación de una conexión no cifrada de HTTP.",,"Debido que las credenciales del usuario son considerados información confidencial, siempre debe ser transferido al servidor a través de una conexión segura (HTTPS).",Medium,
2360 Una tercera persona puede ser capaz de leer las credenciales de usuario mediante la interceptación de una conexión no cifrada de HTTP.
2361 ","Debido que las credenciales del usuario son considerados información confidencial, siempre debe ser transferido al servidor a través de una conexión segura (HTTPS).",Medium,
16262362 ,ES-URL Redirection,"Este script es vulnerable a los ataques de redireccion por URL
16272363
1628 La redireccion por URL es comunmente usado para pishing y suplantacion de identidad, ya que confunde al usuario a que sitio esta ingresando realmente. Un atacante puede redireccionar una visita desde un sitio valido hasta un servidor preparado por el, para poder hacer ataques como por ejemplo de pishin o distribucion de malware.",,"El script debe filtrar los sitios destinos del redirect, manteniendolo siempre dentro de los dominios validos.",,
1629 ,ES-Apache Server Status Enabled,"Server Status es una opcion de debug que muestra informacion sensible del servidor, como numero de peticiones, url de las peticiones, uso de memoria, threads, etc",,"Es recomendable desactivar esta opcion en servidores en produccion, o de ser necesaria la utilizacion de la misma, securizar la carpeta con contraseña o renombrarla para que no sea de facil ubicacion",,
1630 ,ES-Microsoft IIS tilde directory enumeration,"Es posible detectar nombres cortos de archivosy directorios cuyo nombrado sea en formato 8.3 en Windows usando vectores en varias versiones de Microsoft IIS. For instance, it is possible to detect all short-names of "".aspx"" files as they have 4 letters in their extensions. This can be a major issue especially for the .Net websites which are vulnerable to direct URL access as an attacker can find important files and folders that they are not normally visible.",,There is a way to disable Windows 8.3 short name creation.You can create a registry key named NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreation in HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlFileSystem and set it to 1. That should disable short names creation. Refer to this Microsoft TechNet article to read more about the solution.,,
1631 ,ES-SQL Injection,"Debido al incorrecto filtrado de parámetros es posible ejecutar comandos SQL en la base de datos situada en el servidor mediante manipulación de parámetros. Un atacante podría utilizar esta técnica para extraer/modificar/eliminar el contenido de la base de datos, el único limitante son los privilegios del usuario utilizado por la web application aunque en muchos casos es posible, gracias a una inyeccion de SQL, es posible catapultar un acceso al sistema operativo.",,"Se debe modificar la aplicación para filtrar caracteres en los campos de input antes de ser enviados como consulta al servidor de base de datos.
2364 La redireccion por URL es comunmente usado para pishing y suplantacion de identidad, ya que confunde al usuario a que sitio esta ingresando realmente. Un atacante puede redireccionar una visita desde un sitio valido hasta un servidor preparado por el, para poder hacer ataques como por ejemplo de pishin o distribucion de malware.
2365 ","El script debe filtrar los sitios destinos del redirect, manteniendolo siempre dentro de los dominios validos.",,
2366 ,ES-Apache Server Status Enabled,"Server Status es una opcion de debug que muestra informacion sensible del servidor, como numero de peticiones, url de las peticiones, uso de memoria, threads, etc
2367 ","Es recomendable desactivar esta opcion en servidores en produccion, o de ser necesaria la utilizacion de la misma, securizar la carpeta con contraseña o renombrarla para que no sea de facil ubicacion",,
2368 ,ES-Microsoft IIS tilde directory enumeration,"Es posible detectar nombres cortos de archivosy directorios cuyo nombrado sea en formato 8.3 en Windows usando vectores en varias versiones de Microsoft IIS. For instance, it is possible to detect all short-names of "".aspx"" files as they have 4 letters in their extensions. This can be a major issue especially for the .Net websites which are vulnerable to direct URL access as an attacker can find important files and folders that they are not normally visible.
2369 ",There is a way to disable Windows 8.3 short name creation.You can create a registry key named NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreation in HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlFileSystem and set it to 1. That should disable short names creation. Refer to this Microsoft TechNet article to read more about the solution.,,
2370 ,ES-SQL Injection,"Debido al incorrecto filtrado de parámetros es posible ejecutar comandos SQL en la base de datos situada en el servidor mediante manipulación de parámetros. Un atacante podría utilizar esta técnica para extraer/modificar/eliminar el contenido de la base de datos, el único limitante son los privilegios del usuario utilizado por la web application aunque en muchos casos es posible, gracias a una inyeccion de SQL, es posible catapultar un acceso al sistema operativo.
2371 ","Se debe modificar la aplicación para filtrar caracteres en los campos de input antes de ser enviados como consulta al servidor de base de datos.
16322372 Es importante que se sigan buenas prácticas de programación, en todos los sitios desarrollados, y sobre todos los parámetros, y no solo sobre aquellos que sean vulnerables actualmente.
16332373 Guía de cómo evitar estos ataques (en inglés): https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Guide_to_SQL_Injection",Very High,
1634 ,ES-ASP.NET debugging enabled,"El modo depuracion de ASP.NET esta activado en el servidor. Es recomendado desactivar este modo en servidores en produccion. Por defecto en la instalacion de IIS este modo esta desactivado, si fue activado para diagnosticar errores es conveniente luego desactivarlo.",,"Es posible que el modo debug muestre datos sensibles del servidor.
2374 ,ES-ASP.NET debugging enabled,"El modo depuracion de ASP.NET esta activado en el servidor. Es recomendado desactivar este modo en servidores en produccion. Por defecto en la instalacion de IIS este modo esta desactivado, si fue activado para diagnosticar errores es conveniente luego desactivarlo.
2375 ","Es posible que el modo debug muestre datos sensibles del servidor.
16352376 Mas informacion de como desactivar el modo debug:
16362377 http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;es-us;815157",,
16372378 ,ES-Unicode tranfsormation Issues,"La pagina es vulnerable a varias tranformaciones de Unicode como ""Best-Fit Mappings"", ""Overlong byte sequences"" y ""Ill-formed sequences"".
16492390 Ill-Formed Subsequences As REQUIRED by UNICODE 3.0, and noted in the Unicode Technical Report #36, if a leading byte is followed by an invalid successor byte, then it should NOT consume it.
16502391
16512392
1652 Software vulnerabilities arise when Best-Fit mappings occur. For example, characters can be manipulated to bypass string handling filters, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) or SQL Injection filters, WAF's, and IDS devices. Overlong UTF-8 sequence could be abused to bypass UTF-8 substring tests that look only for the shortest possible encoding.",,"Se debe identificar el origen de esta tranformacion Unicode y reparar el problema. Se deja links a paginas con informacion:
2393 Software vulnerabilities arise when Best-Fit mappings occur. For example, characters can be manipulated to bypass string handling filters, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) or SQL Injection filters, WAF's, and IDS devices. Overlong UTF-8 sequence could be abused to bypass UTF-8 substring tests that look only for the shortest possible encoding.
2394 ","Se debe identificar el origen de esta tranformacion Unicode y reparar el problema. Se deja links a paginas con informacion:
16532395 Links with more information:
16542396 http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-09/WEBER/BHUSA09-Weber-UnicodeSecurityPreview-PAPER.pdf
16552397 http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html
16582400 ,"ES-File Upload XSS
16592401 (Subida dearchivo de secuencias de comandos de sitios curzados)","El Script es vulnerable a XSS (Cross-site scripting). La aplicacion permite la carga de archivos y se subio un archivo conteniendo lenguaje HTML. Cuando este tipo de archivos es permitido en la carga, Lugo se pueden ejecutar o linkear, mostrando codigo o acciones malociosas en dicha web.
16602402
1661 Usuarios maliciosos pueden inyectar: JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML o Flash en esta aplicacion vulnerable y engañar a un usuario para obtener informacion de el, tambien se puede robar datos de la sesion, asi como las cookies de la misma. Dependiendo del codigo que se pueda ejecutar, tambien se puede ganar acceso al wevidor web, archivos de configuracion o hasta ejecucion de binarios en el sistema operativo host.",,"Se deben restringir los tipos de archivos aceptados en el sistema de Carga: chekear la extension y solo aceptar ciertos tipos de archivos. Se recomienda una Whitelist en lugar de Un blacklist (es mejor especificar listado unico de extensiones permitidas, sobre un listado de denegadas). Tambien se debe chekear doble extensiones como .php.png. Chekear archivos sin nombre como "".htaccess"" (en ASP.NET, se debe chekear archivos de configuracion como web.config). Cambiar los permisos sobre la carpeta upload (de carga) para que los archivos no puedan ser ejecutados ahi. Si es posible, renombre los archivos que son subidos al servidor.
2403 Usuarios maliciosos pueden inyectar: JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML o Flash en esta aplicacion vulnerable y engañar a un usuario para obtener informacion de el, tambien se puede robar datos de la sesion, asi como las cookies de la misma. Dependiendo del codigo que se pueda ejecutar, tambien se puede ganar acceso al wevidor web, archivos de configuracion o hasta ejecucion de binarios en el sistema operativo host.
2404 ","Se deben restringir los tipos de archivos aceptados en el sistema de Carga: chekear la extension y solo aceptar ciertos tipos de archivos. Se recomienda una Whitelist en lugar de Un blacklist (es mejor especificar listado unico de extensiones permitidas, sobre un listado de denegadas). Tambien se debe chekear doble extensiones como .php.png. Chekear archivos sin nombre como "".htaccess"" (en ASP.NET, se debe chekear archivos de configuracion como web.config). Cambiar los permisos sobre la carpeta upload (de carga) para que los archivos no puedan ser ejecutados ahi. Si es posible, renombre los archivos que son subidos al servidor.
16622405 Links con mas informacion:
16632406 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Unrestricted_File_Upload
16642407 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Stored_Cross_site_scripting_(OWASP-DV-002)",,
16652408 ,ES-jQuery cross site scripting,"Esta pagina esta usando una version obsoleta de jQuery la cual es vulnerable a Cross Site Scripting. Muchos sitios estan utilisando la seleccion de elementos usando location.hash lo que permite la ejecucion de scripts en la pagina. El problema fue solucionado en la vercion jQuery 1.6.3 o superior.
1666 Usuarios malociosos pueden inyectar JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML o Flash en la aplicacion vulnerable, pudiendo asi engañar a un usuario para sacarle informacion sensible.",,"Update to the latest version of jQuery.
2409 Usuarios malociosos pueden inyectar JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML o Flash en la aplicacion vulnerable, pudiendo asi engañar a un usuario para sacarle informacion sensible.
2410 ","Update to the latest version of jQuery.
16672411 More info: http://ma.la/jquery_xss/
16682412 http://blog.jquery.com/2011/09/01/jquery-1-6-3-released/",,
16692413 ,ES-Host Header Attack,"Un atacante puede manipular el header Host y causar que la aplicacion se comporte de maneras inesperadas. Programadores aveces creen en el header host y programas el codigo basado en el: (_SERVER[""HTTP_HOST""] in PHP). Esto tambien se refleja en portales como joombla o wordpress donde los plugins y ejecucion de script, ejemplos:
16732417 ...haciendo un apend de keys secretas y tokens:
16742418 <a href=""http://_SERVER['HOST']?token=topsecret""> (Django, Gallery y otros)
16752419 ....e importante directamente scripts:
1676 <script src=""http://_SERVER['HOST']/misc/jquery.js?v=1.4.4""> (Various)",,"La aplicacion web deberia usar una variable ""SERVER_NAME"" en lugar de basarse en le Host header.",High,
2420 <script src=""http://_SERVER['HOST']/misc/jquery.js?v=1.4.4""> (Various)
2421 ","La aplicacion web deberia usar una variable ""SERVER_NAME"" en lugar de basarse en le Host header.",High,
16772422 ,ES-Login Page password-guessing attack,"Un problema común con el que se encuentran los programadores web son los ataques de fuerza bruta de logins. Un ataque de fuerza bruta es un intento de adivinar la contraseña por sistemáticamente probar todas las posibles combinaciones de números, letras y símbolos hasta descubrir la convencional correcta. Este ataque se mejora utilizando diccionarios con palabras comunes y combinaciones de las mismas
16782423
1679 Esta pagina de Login no tiene ninguna protección contra este ataque ya que se probaron 20 logins inválidos y el servidor no bloqueo el acceso para seguir intentando. Tampoco dispone de ninguna protección para evitar los intentos de login automáticos (como un captcha).",,"Es recomendable implementar algun tipo de bloqueo de intentos de login tras un numero de fallos en los intentos.
2424 Esta pagina de Login no tiene ninguna protección contra este ataque ya que se probaron 20 logins inválidos y el servidor no bloqueo el acceso para seguir intentando. Tampoco dispone de ninguna protección para evitar los intentos de login automáticos (como un captcha).
2425 ","Es recomendable implementar algun tipo de bloqueo de intentos de login tras un numero de fallos en los intentos.
16802426 Mas información:
16812427 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Blocking_Brute_Force_Attacks",,
1682 ,ES-Error page web server version disclosure (Pagina de error mostrando version de servidor ),Pidiendo una pagina que no existe el servidor responde con un error. En esta pagina de error se encuentran datos que contienen version del servidor web y/o modulos activados en este. Dicha informacion puede ser usada para mejorar las tacticas del atacante sabiendo a que se enfrenta,,Se debe configurar paginas de error customizadas evitando mostrar esta informacion.,Low,
2428 ,ES-Error page web server version disclosure (Pagina de error mostrando version de servidor ),"Pidiendo una pagina que no existe el servidor responde con un error. En esta pagina de error se encuentran datos que contienen version del servidor web y/o modulos activados en este. Dicha informacion puede ser usada para mejorar las tacticas del atacante sabiendo a que se enfrenta
2429 ",Se debe configurar paginas de error customizadas evitando mostrar esta informacion.,Low,
16832430 ,ES-Weak SSL,"El servidor esta utiizando un cifrado SSL dèbil.
16842431
16852432 Weak SSL ciphers (SSL2 on port 443):
17042451 TLS1_CK_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA - Low strength
17052452 TLS1_CK_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA - Low strength
17062453 TLS1_CK_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA - Low strength
1707 TLS1_CK_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA - Low strength",,Reconfigurar el servidor para encriptado mas fuerte.,,
2454 TLS1_CK_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA - Low strength
2455 ",Reconfigurar el servidor para encriptado mas fuerte.,,
17082456 ,ES-CRIME SSL/TLS attack,"Compression Ratio Info-leak Made Easy (CRIME) es un exploit contra las cookies secretas del servidor sobre conexiones usando protocolos HTTPS y SPDY que tambien esten usando compresion de datos. Cuando se recupera el contenido de la cookie de autentificacion, permite a un atacante robar la sesion, permitiendo iniciar otros ataques.
17092457
1710 CRIME es un ataque del lado cliente, pero el servidor puede proteger al cliente rechazando la combinacion de estas opciones. Para CRIME, la debilidad es la compresion Deflate.",,"CRIME puede ser combatido previniendo el uso de compresion, tanto del lado del cliente, desactivando la compresion de las peticiones HTTPS, o del lado del servidor previniendo el uso de compresion de datos en las transacciones que utilicen el protocolo TLS.
2458 CRIME es un ataque del lado cliente, pero el servidor puede proteger al cliente rechazando la combinacion de estas opciones. Para CRIME, la debilidad es la compresion Deflate.
2459 ","CRIME puede ser combatido previniendo el uso de compresion, tanto del lado del cliente, desactivando la compresion de las peticiones HTTPS, o del lado del servidor previniendo el uso de compresion de datos en las transacciones que utilicen el protocolo TLS.
17112460
17122461 Referencias WEB.
17132462 http://blogs.cisco.com/security/breach-crime-and-blackhat/
17142463 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRIME_(security_exploit)
17152464 http://isecpartners.com/blog/2012/september/details-on-the-crime-attack.aspx",High,
1716 ,ES-Transaccion Insegura de HTTPS a HTTP en el form POST,La pagina segura (https) contiene un form que realiza el post sobre una pagina insegura (http). Esto puede confundir al usuario y hacerle creer que su datos son enviados encriptados cuando en realidad no.,,El destino del FORM debe apuntar a una pagina segura (https),,
2465 ,ES-Transaccion Insegura de HTTPS a HTTP en el form POST,"La pagina segura (https) contiene un form que realiza el post sobre una pagina insegura (http). Esto puede confundir al usuario y hacerle creer que su datos son enviados encriptados cuando en realidad no.
2466 ",El destino del FORM debe apuntar a una pagina segura (https),,
17172467 ,ES-Trace Method is Enabled (Metodo TRACE activado),"El metodo Trace esta habilitado en el servidor. En precencia de otras vulnerabilidades cross-domain en los navegadores web, informacion sensible del campo header puede ser leida desde cualquier dominio que soporte metodo HTTP TRACE.
17182468
1719 Un atacante poria abusar de la funcionabilidad HTTP TRACE para ganar acceso a la informacion de los headers HTTP como las cookies y datos de autenticacion.",,"Se recomienda desactivar el metodo TRACE en el servidor web.
2469 Un atacante poria abusar de la funcionabilidad HTTP TRACE para ganar acceso a la informacion de los headers HTTP como las cookies y datos de autenticacion.
2470 ","Se recomienda desactivar el metodo TRACE en el servidor web.
17202471
17212472 Referencias WEB:
17222473 http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html
17232474 http://www.cgisecurity.com/lib/WH-WhitePaper_XST_ebook.pdf",Low,
17242475 ,ES-Public Key SSL < 2048 bits (Certificado de llave Publica SSL menor de 2048 Bits),"El certificado SSL usado por el servidor contiene una llave publica de menos de 2048 bits de largo
17252476
1726 Los nuevos estandares de de la Industria de Certificados para SSL (SSL Certificates Industry) seteados por Certification Authority/Browser (CA/B) Forum requiere que los certificados expedidos despues de enero 1 del 2014. Deben ser al menos de 2048-bit largo. Con el incremento del poder de procesamiento de las computadoras, cualquier certificado menor de 2048-bit es riesgoso de ser comprometido por personas mal intecionadas con poder de procesamiento.",,"Si se tiene cualquier certificado de 1024-bito certificados con menos de 2048-bit de largo, sera necesario que se migre a 2048-bit.
2477 Los nuevos estandares de de la Industria de Certificados para SSL (SSL Certificates Industry) seteados por Certification Authority/Browser (CA/B) Forum requiere que los certificados expedidos despues de enero 1 del 2014. Deben ser al menos de 2048-bit largo. Con el incremento del poder de procesamiento de las computadoras, cualquier certificado menor de 2048-bit es riesgoso de ser comprometido por personas mal intecionadas con poder de procesamiento.
2478 ","Si se tiene cualquier certificado de 1024-bito certificados con menos de 2048-bit de largo, sera necesario que se migre a 2048-bit.
17272479
17282480 New Standard: https://www.cabforum.org/wp-content/uploads/Baseline_Requirements_V1.pdf",,
1729 ,ES-Ruby on Rails CookieStore session cookie persistence,"Ruby on Rails contiene un fallo en su diseño que podria permitir a atacantes facilitar el acceso a las aplicaciones. El problema esta en mecanicsmo de la CookieStore en guardar la cookie en el lado del cliente, mientras no guarda la entrada correspondiente en el lado del servidor. Cuando la aplicacion termina la sesion, Ruby on Rails no tiene manera de trackear esto y verdaderamente invalidad la cookie con la configuracion por defecto. Esto significa que persiste ""de por vida"" y puede ser usada para acceder a aplicaciones inclusive cuando se piensa que se termino la sesion.",,"Actualmente, no se conocen actualizaciones o parches para corregir esta vulnerabilidad. Si es posible migrar temporalmente implementando un sistema de autenticacion mas seguro (e.g. ActiveRecordStore).",,
1730 ,EN-Metadatos,"250+ Archivos conteniendo metadatos: Usuarios, Carpetas, fechas de edicion y modificacion, software usado, Direccion de impresoras locales",,"Datos privados son revelados a traves de los metadatos de documentos hosteados en el dominio (PDF, WORD). Datos como nombres de usuario, versiones de sistemas operativos, versiones de software utilizados, fechas y horas de cada modificacion del documento, direcciones de red de impresoras, etc. Se recomienda limpiar de metadatos documentos que luego seran publicados en internet",,
1731 ,EN-Session Cookie without Secure flag set,"This cookie does not have the Secure flag set. When a cookie is set with the Secure flag, it instructs the browser that the cookie can only be accessed over secure SSL channels. This is an important security protection for session cookies.",,"If possible, you should set the Secure flag for this cookie.",low,
1732 ,EN-Session Cookie without HttpOnly flag Set,"This cookie does not have the HTTPOnly flag set. When a cookie is set with the HTTPOnly flag, it instructs the browser that the cookie can only be accessed by the server and not by client-side scripts. This is an important security protection for session cookies.",,"If possible, you should set the HTTPOnly flag for this cookie.",Low,
2481 ,ES-Ruby on Rails CookieStore session cookie persistence,"Ruby on Rails contiene un fallo en su diseño que podria permitir a atacantes facilitar el acceso a las aplicaciones. El problema esta en mecanicsmo de la CookieStore en guardar la cookie en el lado del cliente, mientras no guarda la entrada correspondiente en el lado del servidor. Cuando la aplicacion termina la sesion, Ruby on Rails no tiene manera de trackear esto y verdaderamente invalidad la cookie con la configuracion por defecto. Esto significa que persiste ""de por vida"" y puede ser usada para acceder a aplicaciones inclusive cuando se piensa que se termino la sesion.
2482 ","Actualmente, no se conocen actualizaciones o parches para corregir esta vulnerabilidad. Si es posible migrar temporalmente implementando un sistema de autenticacion mas seguro (e.g. ActiveRecordStore).",,
2483 ,EN-Metadatos,"250+ Archivos conteniendo metadatos: Usuarios, Carpetas, fechas de edicion y modificacion, software usado, Direccion de impresoras locales
2484 ","Datos privados son revelados a traves de los metadatos de documentos hosteados en el dominio (PDF, WORD). Datos como nombres de usuario, versiones de sistemas operativos, versiones de software utilizados, fechas y horas de cada modificacion del documento, direcciones de red de impresoras, etc. Se recomienda limpiar de metadatos documentos que luego seran publicados en internet",,
2485 ,EN-Session Cookie without Secure flag set,"This cookie does not have the Secure flag set. When a cookie is set with the Secure flag, it instructs the browser that the cookie can only be accessed over secure SSL channels. This is an important security protection for session cookies.
2486 ","If possible, you should set the Secure flag for this cookie.",low,
2487 ,EN-Session Cookie without HttpOnly flag Set,"This cookie does not have the HTTPOnly flag set. When a cookie is set with the HTTPOnly flag, it instructs the browser that the cookie can only be accessed by the server and not by client-side scripts. This is an important security protection for session cookies.
2488 ","If possible, you should set the HTTPOnly flag for this cookie.",Low,
17332489 ,EN-Apache httpd Remote Denial of Service,"* Alerta generada por el flag del servidor: ver: 2.2.15 *
1734 Se ha detectado un problema en las versiones de apache 1.3.0, 2.0.x hasta 2.0.64 y 2.2.X hasta 2.2.19 que mediante una herramienta automatizada un atacante usand una moderada cantidad de request puede causar un uso significativo de memoria y CPU en el servidor. Datos: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2011/Aug/175.",,Actualizar version de apache,,
1735 ,EN-Robots.txt,Robots.txt revela directorios sensibles. Un atacante busca directamente robots.txt para encontrar puntos desde donde comenzar su ataque.,,"Es conveniente manejar nombres de directorios que no describan el contenido, en especial en directorios sensibles. Por ejemplo en lugar de /setup o /app_data llamar al directorio /Dir_Code1. De esta manera no revelar a un atacante que clase de informacion contiene un directorio, que se intenta ocultar de los buscadores (mediante robots.txt)
2490 Se ha detectado un problema en las versiones de apache 1.3.0, 2.0.x hasta 2.0.64 y 2.2.X hasta 2.2.19 que mediante una herramienta automatizada un atacante usand una moderada cantidad de request puede causar un uso significativo de memoria y CPU en el servidor. Datos: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2011/Aug/175.
2491 ",Actualizar version de apache,,
2492 ,EN-Robots.txt,"Robots.txt revela directorios sensibles. Un atacante busca directamente robots.txt para encontrar puntos desde donde comenzar su ataque.
2493 ","Es conveniente manejar nombres de directorios que no describan el contenido, en especial en directorios sensibles. Por ejemplo en lugar de /setup o /app_data llamar al directorio /Dir_Code1. De esta manera no revelar a un atacante que clase de informacion contiene un directorio, que se intenta ocultar de los buscadores (mediante robots.txt)
17362494 Otra practica que se me ocurre es la utilizacion de parametros. Por ejemplo:
17372495 Disallow: /*AB/$
17382496 Esto desactivará cualquier carpeta que termine con ""AB"" por ejemplo /sourceAB/. Evitando pasar cualquier dato a un atacante y centralizando las carpetas sensibles y ocultandolas simplemente colocando ""AB"" al final.",,
1739 ,EN-Typical Login Web,"Archivo de Login nombrado de manera ""comun"".",,Esto facilita a los robots de ataque encontrar paginas sensibles. Se recomienda no usar nombres estandard para paginas de login.,,
1740 ,EN-Credentials in Plain Text,La pagina de login viaja sobre texto plano,,Es altamente recomendable que las paginas de login se fuerzen a usar SSL (https),Medium,
1741 ,EN-Unencrypted __VIEWSTATE parameter,"El parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"" no esta encriptado. Para reducir las posibilidades que alguien intercepte informacion guardada en ViewState es bueno encriptarlo.",,"Se recomienda encriptar el parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"", para hacer esto se debe setear el tipo de validacion a 3DES. Editar Web.Config y agregar la siguiente linea bajo <system.web>
2497 ,EN-Typical Login Web,"Archivo de Login nombrado de manera ""comun"".
2498 ",Esto facilita a los robots de ataque encontrar paginas sensibles. Se recomienda no usar nombres estandard para paginas de login.,,
2499 ,EN-Credentials in Plain Text,"La pagina de login viaja sobre texto plano
2500 ",Es altamente recomendable que las paginas de login se fuerzen a usar SSL (https),Medium,
2501 ,EN-Unencrypted __VIEWSTATE parameter,"El parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"" no esta encriptado. Para reducir las posibilidades que alguien intercepte informacion guardada en ViewState es bueno encriptarlo.
2502 ","Se recomienda encriptar el parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"", para hacer esto se debe setear el tipo de validacion a 3DES. Editar Web.Config y agregar la siguiente linea bajo <system.web>
17422503 <machineKey validation=""3DES""/>",,
17432504 ,EN-Insecure Captcha,"La resolucion del Captcha esta incluida en el mismo codigo:
17442505
17472508
17482509 Siendo la respuesta THHvB
17492510
1750 Facilitando la manera de automatizar un script para atacar el form",,Se recomienda implementar un sistema de Captcha que la resolucion no se incluya en el codigo.,,
2511 Facilitando la manera de automatizar un script para atacar el form
2512 ",Se recomienda implementar un sistema de Captcha que la resolucion no se incluya en el codigo.,,
17512513 ,EN-Application error message,"This page contains an error/warning message that may disclose sensitive information.The message can also contain the location of the file that produced the unhandled exception.
17522514
1753 The error messages may disclose sensitive information. This information can be used to launch further attacks.",,Review the source code for this script. The application need to show generic errors.,,
2515 The error messages may disclose sensitive information. This information can be used to launch further attacks.
2516 ",Review the source code for this script. The application need to show generic errors.,,
17542517 ,EN-Apache httpOnly Cookie Disclosure,"El servidor Apache version 2.2.X hasta la 2.2.21 no restringe correctamente la informacion mostrada en la contrsuccion del error "" Bad Request "" (aka 400) permitiendo a un atacante obtener los parametros de HTTPOnly.
1755 Datos: http://fd.the-wildcat.de/apache_e36a9cf46c.php",,Actualizar el apache. La version 2.2.22 es la primer version que soluciona este problema.,,
1756 ,EN-Input Password with Autocomplete Enable,"Autocomplete allows the browser to predict the value. When a user starts to type in a field, the browser should display options to fill in the field, based on earlier typed values. If an attacker gain access to a computer its possible of get credentials back.",,"You should include the attribute Autocomplete OFF:
2518 Datos: http://fd.the-wildcat.de/apache_e36a9cf46c.php
2519 ",Actualizar el apache. La version 2.2.22 es la primer version que soluciona este problema.,,
2520 ,EN-Input Password with Autocomplete Enable,"Autocomplete allows the browser to predict the value. When a user starts to type in a field, the browser should display options to fill in the field, based on earlier typed values. If an attacker gain access to a computer its possible of get credentials back.
2521 ","You should include the attribute Autocomplete OFF:
17572522 <INPUT TYPE=""password"" AUTOCOMPLETE=""off"">",Low,
1758 ,Backup FilesEN-,"Backup files can contain script sources, configuration files or other sensitive information that may help an malicious user to prepare more advanced attacks",,"Remove the file(s) if they are not required on your website. As an additional step, it is recommended to implement a security policy within your organization to disallow creation of backup files in directories accessible from the web.",,
1759 ,EN-Sesintive directory,"A possible sensitive directory has been found. This directory is not directly linked from the website.This check looks for common sensitive resources like backup directories, database dumps, administration pages, temporary directories. Each one of these directories could help an attacker to learn more about his target.",,,,
1760 ,EN-Slow HTTP Denial of Service Attack,"Slowloris and Slow HTTP POST DoS attacks rely on the fact that the HTTP protocol, by design, requires requests to be completely received by the server before they are processed. If an HTTP request is not complete, or if the transfer rate is very low, the server keeps its resources busy waiting for the rest of the data. If the server keeps too many resources busy, this creates a denial of service.",,It's important to configure the timout values on the Webserver. Here is a link to a guide on how to prevent this kind of attack: https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/11/02/how-to-protect-against-slow-http-attacks,Medium,
1761 ,EN-Clickjacking,"It might be possible for a web page controlled by an attacker to load the content of this response within an iframe on the attacker's page. This may enable a ""clickjacking"" attack, in which the attacker's page overlays the target application's interface with a different interface provided by the attacker. By inducing victim users to perform actions such as mouse clicks and keystrokes, the attacker can cause them to unwittingly carry out actions within the application that is being targeted. This technique allows the attacker to circumvent defenses against cross-site request forgery, and may result in unauthorized actions. Ref:http://javascript.info/tutorial/clickjacking",,"To effectively prevent framing attacks, the application should return a response header with the name X-Frame-Options and the value DENY to prevent framing altogether, or the value SAMEORIGIN to allow framing only by pages on the same origin as the response itself.",Low,
2523 ,Backup FilesEN-,"Backup files can contain script sources, configuration files or other sensitive information that may help an malicious user to prepare more advanced attacks
2524 ","Remove the file(s) if they are not required on your website. As an additional step, it is recommended to implement a security policy within your organization to disallow creation of backup files in directories accessible from the web.",,
2525 ,EN-Sesintive directory,"A possible sensitive directory has been found. This directory is not directly linked from the website.This check looks for common sensitive resources like backup directories, database dumps, administration pages, temporary directories. Each one of these directories could help an attacker to learn more about his target.
2526 ",,,
2527 ,EN-Slow HTTP Denial of Service Attack,"Slowloris and Slow HTTP POST DoS attacks rely on the fact that the HTTP protocol, by design, requires requests to be completely received by the server before they are processed. If an HTTP request is not complete, or if the transfer rate is very low, the server keeps its resources busy waiting for the rest of the data. If the server keeps too many resources busy, this creates a denial of service.
2528 ",It's important to configure the timout values on the Webserver. Here is a link to a guide on how to prevent this kind of attack: https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/11/02/how-to-protect-against-slow-http-attacks,Medium,
2529 ,EN-Clickjacking,"It might be possible for a web page controlled by an attacker to load the content of this response within an iframe on the attacker's page. This may enable a ""clickjacking"" attack, in which the attacker's page overlays the target application's interface with a different interface provided by the attacker. By inducing victim users to perform actions such as mouse clicks and keystrokes, the attacker can cause them to unwittingly carry out actions within the application that is being targeted. This technique allows the attacker to circumvent defenses against cross-site request forgery, and may result in unauthorized actions. Ref:http://javascript.info/tutorial/clickjacking
2530 ","To effectively prevent framing attacks, the application should return a response header with the name X-Frame-Options and the value DENY to prevent framing altogether, or the value SAMEORIGIN to allow framing only by pages on the same origin as the response itself.",Low,
17622531 ,EN-OPTIONS method is enabled,"HTTP OPTIONS method is enabled on this web server. The OPTIONS method provides a list of the methods that are supported by the web server, it represents a request for information about the communication options available on the request/response chain identified by the Request-URI.
1763 The OPTIONS method may expose sensitive information that may help an malicious user to prepare more advanced attacks.",,It's recommended to disable OPTIONS Method on the web server.,Low,
2532 The OPTIONS method may expose sensitive information that may help an malicious user to prepare more advanced attacks.
2533 ",It's recommended to disable OPTIONS Method on the web server.,Low,
17642534 ,EN-TLS1/SSLv3 Renegotiation Vulnerability,"A vulnerability in the way SSL and TLS protocols allow renegotiation requests may allow an attacker to inject plaintext into an application protocol stream. This could result in a situation where the attacker may be able to issue commands to the server that appear to be coming from a legitimate source. This issue affects SSL version 3.0 and newer and TLS version 1.0 and newer.
1765 A remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to inject an arbitrary amount of chosen plaintext into the beginning of the application protocol stream. This could allow and attacker to issue HTTP requests, or take action impersonating the user, among other consequences.",,http://www.g-sec.lu/practicaltls.pdf,,
1766 ,EN-Email address found,One or more email addresses have been found on this page. The majority of spam comes from email addresses harvested off the internet. The spam-bots (also known as email harvesters and email extractors) are programs that scour the internet looking for email addresses on any website they come across. Spambot programs look for strings like [email protected] and then record any addresses found.,,,,
1767 ,EN-File Inclusion,It is possible for a remote attacker to include a file from local or remote resources and/or execute arbitrary script code with the privileges of the webserver.,,"Edit the source code to ensure that input is properly validated. Where is possible, it is recommended to make a list of accepted filenames and restrict the input to that list.
2535 A remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to inject an arbitrary amount of chosen plaintext into the beginning of the application protocol stream. This could allow and attacker to issue HTTP requests, or take action impersonating the user, among other consequences.
2536 ",http://www.g-sec.lu/practicaltls.pdf,,
2537 ,EN-Email address found,"One or more email addresses have been found on this page. The majority of spam comes from email addresses harvested off the internet. The spam-bots (also known as email harvesters and email extractors) are programs that scour the internet looking for email addresses on any website they come across. Spambot programs look for strings like [email protected] and then record any addresses found.
2538 ",,,
2539 ,EN-File Inclusion,"It is possible for a remote attacker to include a file from local or remote resources and/or execute arbitrary script code with the privileges of the webserver.
2540 ","Edit the source code to ensure that input is properly validated. Where is possible, it is recommended to make a list of accepted filenames and restrict the input to that list.
17682541
17692542 For PHP, the option allow_url_fopen would normally allow a programmer to open, include or otherwise use a remote file using a URL rather than a local file path. It is recommended to disable this option from php.ini.",,
17702543 ,EN-User Credentials Sent in Clear Text,"Vulnerability description
17712544 User credentials are transmitted over an unencrypted channel. This information should always be transferred via an encrypted channel (HTTPS) to avoid being intercepted by malicious users.
17722545
17732546 The impact of this vulnerability
1774 A third party may be able to read the user credentials by intercepting an unencrypted HTTP connection.",,"Because user credentials are considered sensitive information, should always be transferred to the server over an encrypted connection (HTTPS).",,
2547 A third party may be able to read the user credentials by intercepting an unencrypted HTTP connection.
2548 ","Because user credentials are considered sensitive information, should always be transferred to the server over an encrypted connection (HTTPS).",,
17752549 ,EN-URL Redirection,"This script is possibly vulnerable to URL redirection attacks.
17762550
17772551 URL redirection is sometimes used as a part of phishing attacks that confuse visitors about which web site they are visiting.
17782552
17792553 The impact of this vulnerability
1780 A remote attacker can redirect users from your website to a specified URL. This problem may assist an attacker to conduct phishing attacks, trojan distribution, spammers.",,Your script should properly sanitize user input.,,
1781 ,EN-Microsoft IIS tilde directory enumeration,"It is possible to detect short names of files and directories which have an 8.3 file naming scheme equivalent in Windows by using some vectors in several versions of Microsoft IIS. For instance, it is possible to detect all short-names of "".aspx"" files as they have 4 letters in their extensions. This can be a major issue especially for the .Net websites which are vulnerable to direct URL access as an attacker can find important files and folders that they are not normally visible.",,There is a way to disable Windows 8.3 short name creation.You can create a registry key named NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreation in HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlFileSystem and set it to 1. That should disable short names creation. Refer to this Microsoft TechNet article to read more about the solution.,,
2554 A remote attacker can redirect users from your website to a specified URL. This problem may assist an attacker to conduct phishing attacks, trojan distribution, spammers.
2555 ",Your script should properly sanitize user input.,,
2556 ,EN-Microsoft IIS tilde directory enumeration,"It is possible to detect short names of files and directories which have an 8.3 file naming scheme equivalent in Windows by using some vectors in several versions of Microsoft IIS. For instance, it is possible to detect all short-names of "".aspx"" files as they have 4 letters in their extensions. This can be a major issue especially for the .Net websites which are vulnerable to direct URL access as an attacker can find important files and folders that they are not normally visible.
2557 ",There is a way to disable Windows 8.3 short name creation.You can create a registry key named NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreation in HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlFileSystem and set it to 1. That should disable short names creation. Refer to this Microsoft TechNet article to read more about the solution.,,
17822558 ,EN-SQL Injection,"SQL injection is a vulnerability that allows an attacker to alter back-end SQL statements by manipulating the user input. An SQL injection occurs when web applications accept user input that is directly placed into a SQL statement and doesn't properly filter out dangerous characters.
17832559
17842560 This is one of the most common application layer attacks currently being used on the Internet. Despite the fact that it is relatively easy to protect against, there is a large number of web applications vulnerable.
17872563
17882564 Depending on the back-end database in use, SQL injection vulnerabilities lead to varying levels of data/system access for the attacker. It may be possible to not only manipulate existing queries, but to UNION in arbitrary data, use sub selects, or append additional queries. In some cases, it may be possible to read in or write out to files, or to execute shell commands on the underlying operating system.
17892565
1790 Certain SQL Servers such as Microsoft SQL Server contain stored and extended procedures (database server functions). If an attacker can obtain access to these procedures it may be possible to compromise the entire machine.",,"Your script should filter metacharacters from user input.
2566 Certain SQL Servers such as Microsoft SQL Server contain stored and extended procedures (database server functions). If an attacker can obtain access to these procedures it may be possible to compromise the entire machine.
2567 ","Your script should filter metacharacters from user input.
17912568 Check detailed information for more information about fixing this vulnerability.
17922569 Detailed information",,
1793 ,EN-ASP.NET debugging enabled,"ASP.NET debugging is enabled on this application. It is recommended to disable debug mode before deploying a production application. By default, debugging is disabled, and although debugging is frequently enabled to troubleshoot a problem, it is also frequently not disabled again after the problem is resolved.",,"It may be possible to disclose sensitive information about the web sever the ASP.NET application.
2570 ,EN-ASP.NET debugging enabled,"ASP.NET debugging is enabled on this application. It is recommended to disable debug mode before deploying a production application. By default, debugging is disabled, and although debugging is frequently enabled to troubleshoot a problem, it is also frequently not disabled again after the problem is resolved.
2571 ","It may be possible to disclose sensitive information about the web sever the ASP.NET application.
17942572 More information on how to fix it:
17952573 http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;815157",,
17962574 ,EN-Unicode tranformation Issues,"This page is vulnerable to various Unicode transformation issues such as Best-Fit Mappings, Overlong byte sequences, Ill-formed sequences.
18062584 Ill-Formed Subsequences As REQUIRED by UNICODE 3.0, and noted in the Unicode Technical Report #36, if a leading byte is followed by an invalid successor byte, then it should NOT consume it.
18072585
18082586
1809 Software vulnerabilities arise when Best-Fit mappings occur. For example, characters can be manipulated to bypass string handling filters, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) or SQL Injection filters, WAF's, and IDS devices. Overlong UTF-8 sequence could be abused to bypass UTF-8 substring tests that look only for the shortest possible encoding.",,"Identiy the source of these Unicode transformation issues and fix them. Consult the web references bellow for more information.
2587 Software vulnerabilities arise when Best-Fit mappings occur. For example, characters can be manipulated to bypass string handling filters, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) or SQL Injection filters, WAF's, and IDS devices. Overlong UTF-8 sequence could be abused to bypass UTF-8 substring tests that look only for the shortest possible encoding.
2588 ","Identiy the source of these Unicode transformation issues and fix them. Consult the web references bellow for more information.
18102589 Links with more information:
18112590 http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-09/WEBER/BHUSA09-Weber-UnicodeSecurityPreview-PAPER.pdf
18122591 http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html
18142593 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/",,
18152594 ,EN-File Upload XSS,"This script is possibly vulnerable to XSS (Cross-site scripting). The web application allows file upload and Acunetix WVS was able to upload a file containing HTML content. When HTML files are allowed, XSS payload can be injected in the file uploaded. Check Attack details for more information about this attack.
18162595
1817 Malicious users may inject JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML or Flash into a vulnerable application to fool a user in order to gather data from them. An attacker can steal the session cookie and take over the account, impersonating the user. It is also possible to modify the content of the page presented to the user.",,"Restrict file types accepted for upload: check the file extension and only allow certain files to be uploaded. Use a whitelist approach instead of a blacklist. Check for double extensions such as .php.png. Check for files without a filename like .htaccess (on ASP.NET, check for configuration files like web.config). Change the permissions on the upload folder so the files within it are not executable. If possible, rename the files that are uploaded.
2596 Malicious users may inject JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML or Flash into a vulnerable application to fool a user in order to gather data from them. An attacker can steal the session cookie and take over the account, impersonating the user. It is also possible to modify the content of the page presented to the user.
2597 ","Restrict file types accepted for upload: check the file extension and only allow certain files to be uploaded. Use a whitelist approach instead of a blacklist. Check for double extensions such as .php.png. Check for files without a filename like .htaccess (on ASP.NET, check for configuration files like web.config). Change the permissions on the upload folder so the files within it are not executable. If possible, rename the files that are uploaded.
18182598
18192599 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Unrestricted_File_Upload
18202600 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Stored_Cross_site_scripting_(OWASP-DV-002)",,
18212601 ,EN-Possible virtual host found,"Virtual hosting is a method for hosting multiple domain names (with separate handling of each name) on a single server (or pool of servers). This allows one server to share its resources, such as memory and processor cycles, without requiring all services provided to use the same host name.
18222602
1823 This web server is responding differently when the Host header is manipulated and various common virtual hosts are tested. This could indicate there is a Virtual Host present.",,Consult the virtual host configuration and check if this virtual host should be publicly accessible,,
2603 This web server is responding differently when the Host header is manipulated and various common virtual hosts are tested. This could indicate there is a Virtual Host present.
2604 ",Consult the virtual host configuration and check if this virtual host should be publicly accessible,,
18242605 ,EN-Host header attack,"An attacker can manipulate the Host header as seen by the web application and cause the application to behave in unexpected ways.
18252606 Developers often resort to the exceedingly untrustworthy HTTP Host header (_SERVER[""HTTP_HOST""] in PHP).
18262607 Even otherwise-secure applications trust this value enough to write it to the page without HTML-encoding it with code equivalent to:
18332614
18342615 <script src=""http://_SERVER['HOST']/misc/jquery.js?v=1.4.4""> (Various)
18352616
1836 Host header *********evilhostDx5oMrAd.com was reflected inside a A tag (href attribute).",,"The web application should use the SERVER_NAME instead of the Host header. It should also create a dummy vhost that catches all requests with unrecognized Host headers. This can also be done under Nginx by specifying a non-wildcard SERVER_NAME, and under Apache by using a non-wildcard serverName and turning the UseCanonicalName directive on. Consult references for detailed information.",,
2617 Host header *********evilhostDx5oMrAd.com was reflected inside a A tag (href attribute).
2618 ","The web application should use the SERVER_NAME instead of the Host header. It should also create a dummy vhost that catches all requests with unrecognized Host headers. This can also be done under Nginx by specifying a non-wildcard SERVER_NAME, and under Apache by using a non-wildcard serverName and turning the UseCanonicalName directive on. Consult references for detailed information.",,
18372619 ,EN-jQuery cross site scripting,"This page is using an older version of jQuery that is vulnerable to a Cross Site Scripting vulnerability. Many sites are using to select elements using location.hash that allows someone to inject script into the page. This problem was fixed in jQuery 1.6.3 and up.
1838 Malicious users may inject JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML or Flash into a vulnerable application to fool a user in order to gather data from them. An attacker can steal the session cookie and take over the account, impersonating the user. It is also possible to modify the content of the page presented to the user.",,"Update to the latest version of jQuery.
2620 Malicious users may inject JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML or Flash into a vulnerable application to fool a user in order to gather data from them. An attacker can steal the session cookie and take over the account, impersonating the user. It is also possible to modify the content of the page presented to the user.
2621 ","Update to the latest version of jQuery.
18392622 More info: http://ma.la/jquery_xss/
18402623 http://blog.jquery.com/2011/09/01/jquery-1-6-3-released/",,
18412624 ,EN-Login Page password-guessing attack,"A common threat web developers face is a password-guessing attack known as a brute force attack. A brute-force attack is an attempt to discover a password by systematically trying every possible combination of letters, numbers, and symbols until you discover the one correct combination that works.
18422625
18432626 This login page doesn't have any protection against password-guessing attacks (brute force attacks). It's recommended to implement some type of account lockout after a defined number of incorrect password attempts. Consult Web references for more information about fixing this problem.
18442627
1845 The scanner tested 10 invalid credentials and no account lockout was detected.",,"It's recommended to implement some type of account lockout after a defined number of incorrect password attempts.
2628 The scanner tested 10 invalid credentials and no account lockout was detected.
2629 ","It's recommended to implement some type of account lockout after a defined number of incorrect password attempts.
18462630 More info:
18472631 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Blocking_Brute_Force_Attacks",,
1848 ,EN-Error page web server version disclosure,"By requesting a page that doesn't exist, an error page was returned. This error page contains the web server version number and a list of modules enabled on this server. This information can be used to conduct further attacks. Possible sensitive information disclosure.",,"If you are using Apache, you can setup a custom 404 page by following the instructions provided in the References section.",,
2632 ,EN-Error page web server version disclosure,"By requesting a page that doesn't exist, an error page was returned. This error page contains the web server version number and a list of modules enabled on this server. This information can be used to conduct further attacks. Possible sensitive information disclosure.
2633 ","If you are using Apache, you can setup a custom 404 page by following the instructions provided in the References section.",,
18492634 ,EN-SSL weak ciphers,"The remote host supports the use of SSL ciphers that offer either weak encryption or no encryption at all.
1850 This vulnerability affects Server.",,Reconfigure the affected application to avoid use of weak ciphers.,,
2635 This vulnerability affects Server.
2636 ",Reconfigure the affected application to avoid use of weak ciphers.,,
18512637 ,EN-CRIME SSL/TLS attack,"Compression Ratio Info-leak Made Easy (CRIME) is a security exploit against secret web cookies over connections using the HTTPS and SPDY protocols that also use data compression. When used to recover the content of secret authentication cookies, it allows an attacker to perform session hijacking on an authenticated web session, allowing the launching of further attacks.
18522638
18532639 CRIME is a client-side attack, but the server can protect the client by refusing to use the feature combinations which can be attacked. For CRIME, the weakness is Deflate compression. This alert is issued if the server accepts Deflate compression.
18542640
1855 An attacker can perform session hijacking on an authenticated web session, allowing the launching of further attacks.",,"CRIME can be defeated by preventing the use of compression, either at the client end, by the browser disabling the compression of HTTPS requests, or by the website preventing the use of data compression on such transactions using the protocol negotiation features of the TLS protocol. As detailed in The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2, the client sends a list of compression algorithms in its ClientHello message, and the server picks one of them and sends it back in its ServerHello message. The server can only choose a compression method the client has offered, so if the client only offers 'none' (no compression), the data will not be compressed. Similarly, since 'no compression' must be allowed by all TLS clients, a server can always refuse to use compression.
2641 An attacker can perform session hijacking on an authenticated web session, allowing the launching of further attacks.
2642 ","CRIME can be defeated by preventing the use of compression, either at the client end, by the browser disabling the compression of HTTPS requests, or by the website preventing the use of data compression on such transactions using the protocol negotiation features of the TLS protocol. As detailed in The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2, the client sends a list of compression algorithms in its ClientHello message, and the server picks one of them and sends it back in its ServerHello message. The server can only choose a compression method the client has offered, so if the client only offers 'none' (no compression), the data will not be compressed. Similarly, since 'no compression' must be allowed by all TLS clients, a server can always refuse to use compression.
18562643
18572644 Web references
18582645 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRIME_(security_exploit)
18592646 http://isecpartners.com/blog/2012/september/details-on-the-crime-attack.aspx",,
18602647 ,EN-Insecure transition from HTTPS to HTTP in form post,"This secure (https) page contains a form that is posting to an insecure (http) page. This could confuse users who may think their data is encrypted when in fact it's not.
1861 Impact: Possible information disclosure.",,The form target should point to a secure (https) page.,,
2648 Impact: Possible information disclosure.
2649 ",The form target should point to a secure (https) page.,,
18622650 ,EN-TRACE method is enabled,"HTTP TRACE method is enabled on this web server. In the presence of other cross-domain vulnerabilities in web browsers, sensitive header information could be read from any domains that support the HTTP TRACE method.
18632651
1864 Attackers may abuse HTTP TRACE functionality to gain access to information in HTTP headers such as cookies and authentication data.",,"Disable TRACE Method on the web server.
2652 Attackers may abuse HTTP TRACE functionality to gain access to information in HTTP headers such as cookies and authentication data.
2653 ","Disable TRACE Method on the web server.
18652654
18662655 Web references
18672656 http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html
18682657 http://www.cgisecurity.com/lib/WH-WhitePaper_XST_ebook.pdf",,
1869 ,EN-SSL certificate public key less than 2048 bit,"The product does not sufficiently filter code (control-plane) syntax from user-controlled input (data plane) when that input is used within code that the product generates.When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution",,"If you have any 1024-bit certificates or certificates with less than 2048-bit key length, you will need to migrate to 2048-bit key length.
2658 ,EN-SSL certificate public key less than 2048 bit,"The product does not sufficiently filter code (control-plane) syntax from user-controlled input (data plane) when that input is used within code that the product generates.When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution
2659 ","If you have any 1024-bit certificates or certificates with less than 2048-bit key length, you will need to migrate to 2048-bit key length.
18702660
18712661 New Standard: https://www.cabforum.org/wp-content/uploads/Baseline_Requirements_V1.pdf",,
1872 ,EN-Ruby on Rails CookieStore session cookie persistence,"Debido que las credenciales del usuario son considerados información confidencial, siempre debe ser transferido al servidor a través de una conexión segura (HTTPS).",,"Currently, there are no known upgrades or patches to correct this vulnerability. It is possible to temporarily mitigate the flaw by implementing the following workaround: switch to a more secure authentication management systems (e.g. ActiveRecordStore).",,
1873 ,EN-Remote Code Execution - ms_08_067 netapi,"The product does not sufficiently filter code (control-plane) syntax from user-controlled input (data plane) when that input is used within code that the product generates.When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution",,,High,
1874 ,EN-Windows Print Spooler Components Vulnerability - MS13-001,"The software performs operations on a memory buffer, but it can read from or write to a memory location that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer.Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.","Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
2662 ,EN-Ruby on Rails CookieStore session cookie persistence,"Debido que las credenciales del usuario son considerados información confidencial, siempre debe ser transferido al servidor a través de una conexión segura (HTTPS).
2663 ","Currently, there are no known upgrades or patches to correct this vulnerability. It is possible to temporarily mitigate the flaw by implementing the following workaround: switch to a more secure authentication management systems (e.g. ActiveRecordStore).",,
2664 ,EN-Remote Code Execution - ms_08_067 netapi,"The product does not sufficiently filter code (control-plane) syntax from user-controlled input (data plane) when that input is used within code that the product generates.When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution
2665 ",,High,
2666 ,EN-Windows Print Spooler Components Vulnerability - MS13-001,"The software performs operations on a memory buffer, but it can read from or write to a memory location that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer.Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
2667 Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
18752668 As a result, an attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code, alter the intended control flow, read sensitive information, or cause the system to crash.",,High,
1876 ,ES-Credenciales Repetidas,Existen multiples credeciales repetidas para un mismo acceso.,"Tener credenciales repetidas de un mismo servidor o acceso, posibilita a un atacante tener mayor impacto, pues utilizando un mismo password puede ingresar a distintos servicios o áreas",Evitar utilizar mismas credenciales en distintos servicios,High,
1877 ,ES-Ftp Anonimo,Es servicio de FTP posee el usuario : anonymous,"Los servidores FTP anónimos ofrecen sus servicios libremente a todos los usuarios, permiten acceder a sus archivos sin necesidad de tener un 'USER ID' o una cuenta de usuario. Es la manera más cómoda fuera del servicio web de permitir que todo el mundo tenga acceso a cierta información sin que para ello el administrador de un sistema tenga que crear una cuenta para cada usuario.
2669 ,ES-Credenciales Repetidas,"Existen multiples credeciales repetidas para un mismo acceso.
2670 Tener credenciales repetidas de un mismo servidor o acceso, posibilita a un atacante tener mayor impacto, pues utilizando un mismo password puede ingresar a distintos servicios o áreas",Evitar utilizar mismas credenciales en distintos servicios,High,
2671 ,ES-Ftp Anonimo,"Es servicio de FTP posee el usuario : anonymous
2672 Los servidores FTP anónimos ofrecen sus servicios libremente a todos los usuarios, permiten acceder a sus archivos sin necesidad de tener un 'USER ID' o una cuenta de usuario. Es la manera más cómoda fuera del servicio web de permitir que todo el mundo tenga acceso a cierta información sin que para ello el administrador de un sistema tenga que crear una cuenta para cada usuario.
18782673
18792674 Si un servidor posee servicio 'FTP anonymous' solamente con teclear la palabra «anonymous», cuando pregunte por tu usuario tendrás acceso a ese sistema. No se necesita ninguna contraseña preestablecida, aunque tendrás que introducir una sólo para ese momento, normalmente se suele utilizar la dirección de correo electrónico propia.",Evitar usuario anonimo,Medium,
18802675 ,ES-Credenciales débiles Tomcat,"Se detectaron credenciales por defecto en servidores Tomcat, ejecutándose con privilegios elevados.
18812676 Un atacante que intente loguearse con una lista de usuarios por defecto podría comprometer el servicio.
1882 En este caso en particular el usuario “admin” es muy común en servidores Tomcat, y cuenta con privilegios para ejecutar código, por lo que debe ser protegido con una contraseña fuerte.",,Aplicar una política de seguridad al servidor que obligue el uso de contraseñas de acuerdo con las políticas de seguridad interna.,High,
2677 En este caso en particular el usuario “admin” es muy común en servidores Tomcat, y cuenta con privilegios para ejecutar código, por lo que debe ser protegido con una contraseña fuerte.
2678 ",Aplicar una política de seguridad al servidor que obligue el uso de contraseñas de acuerdo con las políticas de seguridad interna.,High,
18832679 ,ES-Wpad Spoofing,"En los ambientes Windows ante una falla a resolver un nombre de host,
18842680 realizan una segunda búsqueda utilizando NetBios. La naturaleza de este
18852681 pedido realizado utilizando broadcast es inseguro si no se tienen
18892685 registrar el dominio WPAD en netbios con el fin de redirigir y modificar
18902686 el tráfico de las workstations con las que comparte el segmento de red.
18912687 Este ataque podría derivar en la captura de credenciales o hashes que
1892 le brinden acceso a sistemas críticos.",,"Deshabilitar la configuración automática de proxy en los equipos
2688 le brinden acceso a sistemas críticos.
2689 ","Deshabilitar la configuración automática de proxy en los equipos
18932690 windows, y registrar el nombre de domino wpad, para que ningún equipo de
18942691 la red pueda impersonarlo.",High,
18952692 ,ES-Servicio de Telnet,"Las credenciales de usuario se transmiten sobre un canal sin cifrar (servicio telnet).
1896 Un atacante capaz de interceptar el tráfico entre los hosts y el usuario remoto, será capaz de obtener las credenciales utilizadas.",,"Reemplazar los servicios que permiten el envío de credenciales en texto plano, por aquellos que lo hacen de forma cifrada. En este caso, existen diferentes alternativas para reemplazar los servicios de administración remota, como por ejemplo ssh o rdp.",Medium,
1897 ,ES-Tokens cacheados,"Fue posible impersonar diferentes usuarios de dominio, incluido un administrador de dominio, a través de los tokens de acceso cacheados en el servidor.",,"No existe un parche para resolver este tipo de situaciones, ya que los tokens de acceso son propios de la arquitectura de Windows. Sin embargo es posible implementar algunas medidas a nivel operativo para mitigar en gran parte el impacto del cacheo de tokens. Recomendamos:
2693 Un atacante capaz de interceptar el tráfico entre los hosts y el usuario remoto, será capaz de obtener las credenciales utilizadas.
2694 ","Reemplazar los servicios que permiten el envío de credenciales en texto plano, por aquellos que lo hacen de forma cifrada. En este caso, existen diferentes alternativas para reemplazar los servicios de administración remota, como por ejemplo ssh o rdp.",Medium,
2695 ,ES-Tokens cacheados,"Fue posible impersonar diferentes usuarios de dominio, incluido un administrador de dominio, a través de los tokens de acceso cacheados en el servidor.
2696 ","No existe un parche para resolver este tipo de situaciones, ya que los tokens de acceso son propios de la arquitectura de Windows. Sin embargo es posible implementar algunas medidas a nivel operativo para mitigar en gran parte el impacto del cacheo de tokens. Recomendamos:
18982697 > Asegurarse que usuarios con altos privilegios (especialmente administradores) tengan una cuenta específica para tareas de administración y otra para loguearse en sus sistemas.
18992698 > Ejecutar aquellas tareas que requieran mayores privilegios utilizando la aplicación “RunAs”.
19002699 > Asegurarse que los Domain Admins sólo sean utilizados para administrar el dominio. Crear diferentes cuentas de dominio y asignarle autorización administrativa solo para la unidad de negocio correspondiente.
19062705 http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2008/05/token-passing-with-incognito-part-2.html
19072706 http://pentestmonkey.net/uncategorized/from-local-admin-to-domain-admin
19082707 http://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/Fun_With_Incognito",High,
1909 ,ES-Denegacion de Servicios(DOS),"un ataque de denegación de servicios, también llamado ataque DoS (de las siglas en inglés Denial of Service) o DDoS (de Distributed Denial of Service), es un ataque a un sistema de computadoras o red que causa que un servicio o recurso sea inaccesible a los usuarios legítimos. Normalmente provoca la pérdida de la conectividad de la red por el consumo del ancho de banda de la red de la víctima o sobrecarga de los recursos computacionales del sistema de la víctima",,La forma de prevenirlo: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Denial_of_Service,High,
1910 ,ES-Revelacion de Informacion (Information Disclosure),Se puede obtener una información sensible del usuario. Esto podría ayudar a un atacante a tener control de una base de datos ó permitirle escalar hacia otro vector de ataque.,,"Determinar si esta información debería ser accesible desde la red, sin estar protegida por credenciales.",Medium,
1911 ,ES-Sitio sin Informar,,,/reclamaciones/home/index. ,,
1912 ,ES-Listado de Directorios,Muestra directorios que no deberian ser publicos,,Evitar que dichos directorios sean publicos,Medium,
1913 ,ES-Shell,"Una shell es parte de codigo programado en (PHP,Python,Ruby,etc) que una vez que es subido al host victima, puede ser utilizado para subir, bajar, borrar archivos.",,"Evitar entradas que posibiliten subir imagenes o codigo al servidor, sin ser adecuadamente controlado",,
1914 ,ES-Path Disclosure,Permite ver la ruta a archivos u aplicaciones que no deberian ser mostradas,,"Puede solucionarse desactivando los mensajes de error :
2708 ,ES-Denegacion de Servicios(DOS),"un ataque de denegación de servicios, también llamado ataque DoS (de las siglas en inglés Denial of Service) o DDoS (de Distributed Denial of Service), es un ataque a un sistema de computadoras o red que causa que un servicio o recurso sea inaccesible a los usuarios legítimos. Normalmente provoca la pérdida de la conectividad de la red por el consumo del ancho de banda de la red de la víctima o sobrecarga de los recursos computacionales del sistema de la víctima
2709 ",La forma de prevenirlo: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Denial_of_Service,High,
2710 ,ES-Revelacion de Informacion (Information Disclosure),"Se puede obtener una información sensible del usuario. Esto podría ayudar a un atacante a tener control de una base de datos ó permitirle escalar hacia otro vector de ataque.
2711 ","Determinar si esta información debería ser accesible desde la red, sin estar protegida por credenciales.",Medium,
2712 ,ES-Sitio sin Informar,"
2713 ",/reclamaciones/home/index. ,,
2714 ,ES-Listado de Directorios,"Muestra directorios que no deberian ser publicos
2715 ",Evitar que dichos directorios sean publicos,Medium,
2716 ,ES-Shell,"Una shell es parte de codigo programado en (PHP,Python,Ruby,etc) que una vez que es subido al host victima, puede ser utilizado para subir, bajar, borrar archivos.
2717 ","Evitar entradas que posibiliten subir imagenes o codigo al servidor, sin ser adecuadamente controlado",,
2718 ,ES-Path Disclosure,"Permite ver la ruta a archivos u aplicaciones que no deberian ser mostradas
2719 ","Puede solucionarse desactivando los mensajes de error :
19152720 En PHP modificando el archivo php.ini ( display_errors = 'off' )
19162721 En Apache modificando el archivo httpd.conf ( php_flag display_errors off)",,
1917 ,ES-File Upload,Es posible subir código o imagenes sin ser fitradas adecuadamente.,,Evitar campos para subir archivos que no sean correctamente filtrados,,
1918 ,ES-Metodo Put habilitado (Put File Allow),"Sube, carga o realiza un upload de un recurso especificado (archivo), es el camino más eficiente para subir archivos a un servidor.",,"Evitar que el metodo PUT se encuentre con libre acceso a cualquier tipo de usuario, restringir acceso.",,
1919 ,ES-Leer Archivos (Read files),,,,,
1920 ,ES-Usuarios por defecto(default users),"Se debe evitar utilizar usuarios y contraseñas por defecto, pues el sistema puede quedar suseptible a un ataque de fuerza bruta o de diccionario.",,Cambiar usuarios y contraseñas de acuerdo a las politicas de la empresa,,
1921 ,ES-Sslstrip Attack,"Dado que la página no esta utilizando https para proteger sus credenciales, el panel de ingreso esta implementedo mediante http, y no https, es posible modificar los recursos obtenidos, si el atacante logra intereceptar la comunicación entre ambos sitios. ",,"Cargar todos los recursos a través de https, para los recursos externos recomendamos incluir los mismo de la siguiente manera src=""//dominio.com/recurso.js"" de esta manera el navegador automaticamete incluye el protocolo http o https segun la conexion inicial que genera.",High,
1922 ,ES-Enumerar Usuarios,,,,Medium,
1923 ,ES-Login User HTTP,"Las credenciales de usuario y contraseña, viajan en texto plano con lo cual un atacante podría obtener dichas credenciales para un posterior acceso",,Utilizar HTTPS para autenticar usuarios,Medium,
1924 ,ES-Falta de Control de Acceso,Se puede acceder a parte del sitio sin una sesion valida,,Validar correctamente la sesiones del sitio verifiquen que el usuario poseen una sesion valida,Medium,
1925 ,ES-Cookie Reutilization,La cookie puede ser modificada y reutilizada para hacer nuevas consultas o impersonar usuarios,,Evitar ,Medium,
2722 ,ES-File Upload,"Es posible subir código o imagenes sin ser fitradas adecuadamente.
2723 ",Evitar campos para subir archivos que no sean correctamente filtrados,,
2724 ,ES-Metodo Put habilitado (Put File Allow),"Sube, carga o realiza un upload de un recurso especificado (archivo), es el camino más eficiente para subir archivos a un servidor.
2725 ","Evitar que el metodo PUT se encuentre con libre acceso a cualquier tipo de usuario, restringir acceso.",,
2726 ,ES-Leer Archivos (Read files),"
2727 ",,,
2728 ,ES-Usuarios por defecto(default users),"Se debe evitar utilizar usuarios y contraseñas por defecto, pues el sistema puede quedar suseptible a un ataque de fuerza bruta o de diccionario.
2729 ",Cambiar usuarios y contraseñas de acuerdo a las politicas de la empresa,,
2730 ,ES-Sslstrip Attack,"Dado que la página no esta utilizando https para proteger sus credenciales, el panel de ingreso esta implementedo mediante http, y no https, es posible modificar los recursos obtenidos, si el atacante logra intereceptar la comunicación entre ambos sitios.
2731 ","Cargar todos los recursos a través de https, para los recursos externos recomendamos incluir los mismo de la siguiente manera src=""//dominio.com/recurso.js"" de esta manera el navegador automaticamete incluye el protocolo http o https segun la conexion inicial que genera.",High,
2732 ,ES-Enumerar Usuarios,"
2733 ",,Medium,
2734 ,ES-Login User HTTP,"Las credenciales de usuario y contraseña, viajan en texto plano con lo cual un atacante podría obtener dichas credenciales para un posterior acceso
2735 ",Utilizar HTTPS para autenticar usuarios,Medium,
2736 ,ES-Falta de Control de Acceso,"Se puede acceder a parte del sitio sin una sesion valida
2737 ",Validar correctamente la sesiones del sitio verifiquen que el usuario poseen una sesion valida,Medium,
2738 ,ES-Cookie Reutilization,"La cookie puede ser modificada y reutilizada para hacer nuevas consultas o impersonar usuarios
2739 ",Evitar ,Medium,
19262740 ,ES-Credenciales Debiles md5,"Se detecto que dentro del request se envía el nombre de usuario y la contraseña hasheada. Si bien la contraseña utiliza una funcion de md5, lo hace sin salt para protegerla.
1927 Con lo cual un atacante que la intercepte, puede decifrar el md5 para luego obtener la contraseña en texto plano junto con el usuario para acceder al sistema.",,"Aplicar una política de seguridad al servidor que obligue el uso de contraseñas de acuerdo con las políticas de seguridad interna.
2741 Con lo cual un atacante que la intercepte, puede decifrar el md5 para luego obtener la contraseña en texto plano junto con el usuario para acceder al sistema.
2742 ","Aplicar una política de seguridad al servidor que obligue el uso de contraseñas de acuerdo con las políticas de seguridad interna.
19282743 Se recomienda un cifrado mas robusto con la funcion salt",High,
1929 ,ES-CSRF,"Un ataque CSRF fuerza al navegador web validado de una víctima a enviar una petición a una aplicación web vulnerable, la cual entonces realiza la acción elegida a través de la víctima. Al contrario que en los ataques XSS, los cuales explotan la confianza que un usuario tiene en un sitio en particular, el cross site request forgery explota la confianza que un sitio tiene en un usuario en particular.",,"Recomendamos la imprementacion de un feature anti-csrf con el fin de autenticar todoslos request,en particual aquellas peticiones sensibles como por ejemplo el cambiode contraseñas y asignacion de roles (dar permisos de administrador a un usuario). El framework de ASP.net cuenta con este feature llamado viewstate (https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-Site_Request_Forgery_(CSRF)_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet#Viewstate_.28ASP.NET.29)",Medium,
1930 ,ES-SSL weak ciphers (Cifrado debil),El servidor remoto soporta el uso de SSL pero ofrece una encriptacion debil,,Reconfigurar el servidor web con un nivel de encriptacion mayor,Medium,
1931 ,EN-Android Debugging Activated,The Application has enabled Debugging in it's manifiest. This feature allows an attacker to debug native code and sensitive information could be retrived using this vector,,Set to false debuging features in production releases,,
1932 ,EN-Flash Crossdomain policy,The application publishes a Flash cross-domain policy which allows access from any domain.,,The policy must include the domains which are allowed by the Flash cross-domain policy,Medium,
1933 ,EN-Session Token in URL,The Session token is included in the URL. This could leak the session token,,Session tokens should only be included using safe channels,Medium,
1934 ,ES-Token de Session en URL,"Información sensible dentro de las URLs puede ser guardado en distintas lugares, por ejemplo en la información del navegador del usuario, en el webserver, o en cualquier proxy o reverse proxy. Las URLs se pueden ver en las pantallas, puede ser guardadas como favoritos o pueden ser enviada entre los usuarios. Esta información puede ser obtenida también como referer, en el histórico de la ultima pagina desde donde se ingresa a otra pagina. Guardar la sesiones en las URLs incrementa que esa información sea captura por un atacante para luego impersonarse como un usuario valido.",,La aplicación debería utilizar otros mecanismos para el envió de las sessiones como cookies o campos ocultos enviados a traves de métodos de POST ,Medium,
1935 ,ES-Autenticacion sin HTTPS,"La aplicación web no utiliza HTTPS para la autenticación de usuarios al sistema. Las credenciales de usuario y contraseña, viajan en texto plano con lo cual un atacante podría obtener dichas credenciales para un posterior acceso",,Siempre utilizar HTTPS para autenticar usuarios,High,
1936 ,Es-Version Obsoleta / Desactualizada,"El servidor se encuentra utilizando una versión de Apache Tomcat MUY desactualizada (Apache Tomcat/4.1.31), la cual es vulnerable a multiples vulnerabilidades publicas. Actualmente la ultima versión estable es la 8.0.9 ",,"Recomendación actualizar y desactivar los mensajes de error del servidor, que puedan brindar información extra a un atacante",Medium,
1937 ,ES-Numero de Tarjeta en Texto Plano,"La respuesta del servidor, contiene el numero de tarjeta de crédito y otra información sensible que debería evitarse enviar en texto plano.",,Utilizar HTTPS en todo el sitio en donde la información sensible pueda ser expuesta.,High,
1938 ,ES-Server Version Discloure,El servidor web responde con la version del sistema facilitando a un atacante saber contra que se enfrenta,,"Filtrar en las respuestas del servidor, cualquier dato que demuestre la version del servidor y del sistema operativo del mismo",Low,
2744 ,ES-CSRF,"Un ataque CSRF fuerza al navegador web validado de una víctima a enviar una petición a una aplicación web vulnerable, la cual entonces realiza la acción elegida a través de la víctima. Al contrario que en los ataques XSS, los cuales explotan la confianza que un usuario tiene en un sitio en particular, el cross site request forgery explota la confianza que un sitio tiene en un usuario en particular.
2745 ","Recomendamos la imprementacion de un feature anti-csrf con el fin de autenticar todoslos request,en particual aquellas peticiones sensibles como por ejemplo el cambiode contraseñas y asignacion de roles (dar permisos de administrador a un usuario). El framework de ASP.net cuenta con este feature llamado viewstate (https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-Site_Request_Forgery_(CSRF)_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet#Viewstate_.28ASP.NET.29)",Medium,
2746 ,ES-SSL weak ciphers (Cifrado debil),"El servidor remoto soporta el uso de SSL pero ofrece una encriptacion debil
2747 ",Reconfigurar el servidor web con un nivel de encriptacion mayor,Medium,
2748 ,EN-Android Debugging Activated,"The Application has enabled Debugging in it's manifiest. This feature allows an attacker to debug native code and sensitive information could be retrived using this vector
2749 ",Set to false debuging features in production releases,,
2750 ,EN-Flash Crossdomain policy,"The application publishes a Flash cross-domain policy which allows access from any domain.
2751 ",The policy must include the domains which are allowed by the Flash cross-domain policy,Medium,
2752 ,EN-Session Token in URL,"The Session token is included in the URL. This could leak the session token
2753 ",Session tokens should only be included using safe channels,Medium,
2754 ,ES-Token de Session en URL,"Información sensible dentro de las URLs puede ser guardado en distintas lugares, por ejemplo en la información del navegador del usuario, en el webserver, o en cualquier proxy o reverse proxy. Las URLs se pueden ver en las pantallas, puede ser guardadas como favoritos o pueden ser enviada entre los usuarios. Esta información puede ser obtenida también como referer, en el histórico de la ultima pagina desde donde se ingresa a otra pagina. Guardar la sesiones en las URLs incrementa que esa información sea captura por un atacante para luego impersonarse como un usuario valido.
2755 ",La aplicación debería utilizar otros mecanismos para el envió de las sessiones como cookies o campos ocultos enviados a traves de métodos de POST ,Medium,
2756 ,ES-Autenticacion sin HTTPS,"La aplicación web no utiliza HTTPS para la autenticación de usuarios al sistema. Las credenciales de usuario y contraseña, viajan en texto plano con lo cual un atacante podría obtener dichas credenciales para un posterior acceso
2757 ",Siempre utilizar HTTPS para autenticar usuarios,High,
2758 ,Es-Version Obsoleta / Desactualizada,"El servidor se encuentra utilizando una versión de Apache Tomcat MUY desactualizada (Apache Tomcat/4.1.31), la cual es vulnerable a multiples vulnerabilidades publicas. Actualmente la ultima versión estable es la 8.0.9
2759 ","Recomendación actualizar y desactivar los mensajes de error del servidor, que puedan brindar información extra a un atacante",Medium,
2760 ,ES-Numero de Tarjeta en Texto Plano,"La respuesta del servidor, contiene el numero de tarjeta de crédito y otra información sensible que debería evitarse enviar en texto plano.
2761 ",Utilizar HTTPS en todo el sitio en donde la información sensible pueda ser expuesta.,High,
2762 ,ES-Server Version Discloure,"El servidor web responde con la version del sistema facilitando a un atacante saber contra que se enfrenta
2763 ","Filtrar en las respuestas del servidor, cualquier dato que demuestre la version del servidor y del sistema operativo del mismo",Low,
19392764 ,EN-Insecure crossdomain.xml file,"The browser security model normally prevents web content from one domain from accessing data from another domain. This is commonly known as the ""same origin policy"". URL policy files grant cross-domain permissions for reading data. They permit operations that are not permitted by default. The URL policy file is located, by default, in the root directory of the target server, with the name crossdomain.xml (for example, at www.example.com/crossdomain.xml).
19402765
19412766 When a domain is specified in crossdomain.xml file, the site declares that it is willing to allow the operators of any servers in that domain to obtain any document on the server where the policy file resides. The crossdomain.xml file deployed on this website opens the server to all domains (use of a single asterisk ""*"" as a pure wildcard is supported) like so:
19442769 </cross-domain-policy>
19452770 This practice is suitable for public servers, but should not be used for sites located behind a firewall because it could permit access to protected areas. It should not be used for sites that require authentication in the form of passwords or cookies. Sites that use the common practice of authentication based on cookies to access private or user-specific data should be especially careful when using cross-domain policy files.
19462771
1947 Using an insecure cross-domain policy file could expose your site to various attacks.",,"Carefully evaluate which sites will be allowed to make cross-domain calls. Consider network topology and any authentication mechanisms that will be affected by the configuration or implementation of the cross-domain policy.
2772 Using an insecure cross-domain policy file could expose your site to various attacks.
2773 ","Carefully evaluate which sites will be allowed to make cross-domain calls. Consider network topology and any authentication mechanisms that will be affected by the configuration or implementation of the cross-domain policy.
19482774 ",Medium,
19492775 ,ES-Archivo crossdomain.xml inseguro,"El modelo de seguridad del navegador normalmente previene el contenido web de ser accedido desde otro dominio. Esto comunmente es conocido como ""same origin policy"" (""politica del mismo origen""). Lo politica de archivos URL garantiza acceso cross-dominio para leer datos. Permiten operaciones que no son permitidas por defecto. La politica de acceso de archivo URL esta localizado, por defecto, en el directorio raiz del servidor destino, con el nombre crossdomain.xml (por ejemplo en www.ejemplo.com/crossdomain.xml).
19502776
19532779 <allow-access-from domain=""*"" />
19542780 </cross-domain-policy>
19552781
1956 Esta practica es correcta para servidores publicos, pero no deberia ser usada en servidores que se encuentran tras un firewall porque puede permitir acceso a areas protejidas. No deberia ser usada para sitios que requieren autenticacion en forma de contraseñas o cookies. ",,"Detenidamente evaluar que sitios deben tener permitido el acceso cross-dominio. Considerar la topologia de red y todos los mecanismos de autenticacion afectados por la configuracion o implementacion de la politica cross-domain.
2782 Esta practica es correcta para servidores publicos, pero no deberia ser usada en servidores que se encuentran tras un firewall porque puede permitir acceso a areas protejidas. No deberia ser usada para sitios que requieren autenticacion en forma de contraseñas o cookies.
2783 ","Detenidamente evaluar que sitios deben tener permitido el acceso cross-dominio. Considerar la topologia de red y todos los mecanismos de autenticacion afectados por la configuracion o implementacion de la politica cross-domain.
19572784 ",Medium,
19582785 ,EN-BREACH attack,"This web application is potentially vulnerable to the BREACH attack.
19592786 An attacker with the ability to:
19722799 The page content is served via HTTPS
19732800 The server is using HTTP-level compression
19742801 URL encoded GET input next was reflected into the HTTP response body.
1975 HTTP response body contains a secret named csrfmiddlewaretoken",,"The mitigations are ordered by effectiveness (not by their practicality - as this may differ from one application to another).
2802 HTTP response body contains a secret named csrfmiddlewaretoken
2803 ","The mitigations are ordered by effectiveness (not by their practicality - as this may differ from one application to another).
19762804
19772805 Disabling HTTP compression
19782806 Separating secrets from user input
19832811 Rate-limiting the requests
19842812
19852813 More information http://breachattack.com/",,
1986 ,ES-Archivos de backup en servidor de producción,"La aplicación web tiene multiples archivos de buckup disponibles para ser descargados, los cuales brindan información de la tecnología que se utiliza en el sitio, así como código fuente de las aplicaciones, nombres de usuarios, rutas de acceso y multiple información sensible del mismo.",,"Es recomendable aplicar buenas politicas deprotección de información sensible, evitando exponer buckups y otra información del sitio web",Very High,
1987 ,ES-Exposición de información a través del listado de directorios,"Estos directorios no deberian estar publicos, pues exponen información sensible del tipo de tecnología utilizada, código de programación, información sobre rutas de acceso a distintos lugares, particularmente en este caso podemos listar toda la información del servidor sin ningun tipo de restricción",,Siempre evitar que se puedan listar directorios de manera externa y sin permisos,High,
2814 ,ES-Archivos de backup en servidor de producción,"La aplicación web tiene multiples archivos de buckup disponibles para ser descargados, los cuales brindan información de la tecnología que se utiliza en el sitio, así como código fuente de las aplicaciones, nombres de usuarios, rutas de acceso y multiple información sensible del mismo.
2815 ","Es recomendable aplicar buenas politicas deprotección de información sensible, evitando exponer buckups y otra información del sitio web",Very High,
2816 ,ES-Exposición de información a través del listado de directorios,"Estos directorios no deberian estar publicos, pues exponen información sensible del tipo de tecnología utilizada, código de programación, información sobre rutas de acceso a distintos lugares, particularmente en este caso podemos listar toda la información del servidor sin ningun tipo de restricción
2817 ",Siempre evitar que se puedan listar directorios de manera externa y sin permisos,High,
19882818 ,ES-Archivos con información sensible,"Es posible acceder a archivos con información sensible, podemos ver el ""log error"" y dentro de este rutas de acceso, nombres de usuario, etc . Con lo cual un atacante con tiempo podría intentar obtener credeciales de un servicio ssh, ftp,o similar para luego crackearlo.
1989 ",,Evitar exponer toda información sensible del sistema,High,
1990 ,ES-Revelación de IP interno,"La aplicación expone ip/s interno, con lo cual si por algun vector de ataque un atacante logra acceder al servidor o servicio podría continuar la explotación por dicho vector",,Evitar exponer toda información sensible y privada del sistemadel sistema,Low,
2819
2820 ",Evitar exponer toda información sensible del sistema,High,
2821 ,ES-Revelación de IP interno,"La aplicación expone ip/s interno, con lo cual si por algun vector de ataque un atacante logra acceder al servidor o servicio podría continuar la explotación por dicho vector
2822 ",Evitar exponer toda información sensible y privada del sistemadel sistema,Low,
19912823 ,ES-Archivos e información de desarollo en ambientes productivos,"Podemos ver código de programacion, con ejemplos concretos del funcionamiento interno y
19922824 de la lógica utilizada a la hora de programar, dejando en evidencia
1993 informacion como nombres de usuarios, email, dni, telefonos, etc ",,Evitar exponer toda información sensible y privada del sistemadel sistema,High,
1994 ,ES-Sentencias SQL sin Prepared Statement,Se detecto que se utilizan una mala implementacion de sentencias SQL concatenando las variables manualmente pudiendo un atacante realizar ataques de SQL Injection,,"Utilizar para la sentencia de SQL Prepared Statement
2825 informacion como nombres de usuarios, email, dni, telefonos, etc
2826 ",Evitar exponer toda información sensible y privada del sistemadel sistema,High,
2827 ,ES-Sentencias SQL sin Prepared Statement,"Se detecto que se utilizan una mala implementacion de sentencias SQL concatenando las variables manualmente pudiendo un atacante realizar ataques de SQL Injection
2828 ","Utilizar para la sentencia de SQL Prepared Statement
19952829 Reference:
19962830 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Query_Parameterization_Cheat_Sheet#Prepared_Statement_Examples",High,
1997 ,ES-Mysql lectura y escritura de archivos,Es posible utilizar mysql server para la lectura y escritura de archivos en el servidor,,"Seguir los siguientes lineamientos para el hardening de Mysql Server
2831 ,ES-Mysql lectura y escritura de archivos,"Es posible utilizar mysql server para la lectura y escritura de archivos en el servidor
2832 ","Seguir los siguientes lineamientos para el hardening de Mysql Server
19982833 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_MySQL#Read_from_a_File",High,
1999 ,ES-Servidor productivo y desarrollo,"Por lo que pudimos observar este servidor sirve tanto para produccion como desarrollo, contiene muchisima informacion y pruebas que deberian ser eliminadas.",,"Eliminar el contenido de desarrollo, dejar solo lo necesario para el entorno productivo",High,
2000 ,ES-Servidor productivo y desarrollo,"Por lo que pudimos observar este servidor sirve tanto para produccion como desarrollo, contiene muchisima informacion y pruebas que deberian ser eliminadas.",,"Eliminar el contenido de desarrollo, dejar solo lo necesario para el entorno productivo",High,
2001 ,EN-Internal IP Address Disclosure,A string matching an internal IPv4 address was found on this page. This may disclose information about the IP addressing scheme of the internal network. This information can be used to conduct further attacks.,,Prevent this information from being displayed to the user,Low,
2002 ,ES-Internal IP Address Disclosure,Una cadena coincidente con una direccion interna de IPv4 fue encontrada en esta pagina. Esto lleva a divulgar informacion sensible acerca del esquema de la red interna. Esta informacion puede ser usada para generar ataques especificos.,,Se recomienda prevenir que esta informacion sea mostrada al usuario,Low,
2003 ,EN-ASP.NET MAC disabled,"By default, the serialized value is signed by the server to prevent tampering by the user; however, this behavior can be disabled by setting the Page.EnableViewStateMac property to false. If this is done, then an attacker can modify the contents of the ViewState and cause arbitrary data to be deserialized and processed by the server. If the ViewState contains any items that are critical to the server's processing of the request, then this may result in a security exposure.",,Set the Page.EnableViewStateMac property to true on any pages where the ViewState is not currently signed.,Low,
2004 ,ES-Cisco ASA Error,"El Cisco ASA es vulnerable a un Information Leak (CVE-2014-3392), un atacante podria obtener credenciales em base a un error.",,Actualizar a la ultima version del firmware del CISCO ASA,High,
2005 ,ES-Listado de directorios,"Evitar listar directorios, muchas veces a partir de aqui se pueden realizar distintos vectores de ataques, por claves almacenadas en archivos ocultos o por tener acceso a archivos de configuracion. ",,"Evitar listar directorios, es recomendable que se desabiliten o se resguarden con algun tipo de autenticacion.",Low,
2834 ,ES-Servidor productivo y desarrollo,"Por lo que pudimos observar este servidor sirve tanto para produccion como desarrollo, contiene muchisima informacion y pruebas que deberian ser eliminadas.
2835 ","Eliminar el contenido de desarrollo, dejar solo lo necesario para el entorno productivo",High,
2836 ,ES-Servidor productivo y desarrollo,"Por lo que pudimos observar este servidor sirve tanto para produccion como desarrollo, contiene muchisima informacion y pruebas que deberian ser eliminadas.
2837 ","Eliminar el contenido de desarrollo, dejar solo lo necesario para el entorno productivo",High,
2838 ,EN-Internal IP Address Disclosure,"A string matching an internal IPv4 address was found on this page. This may disclose information about the IP addressing scheme of the internal network. This information can be used to conduct further attacks.
2839 ",Prevent this information from being displayed to the user,Low,
2840 ,ES-Internal IP Address Disclosure,"Una cadena coincidente con una direccion interna de IPv4 fue encontrada en esta pagina. Esto lleva a divulgar informacion sensible acerca del esquema de la red interna. Esta informacion puede ser usada para generar ataques especificos.
2841 ",Se recomienda prevenir que esta informacion sea mostrada al usuario,Low,
2842 ,EN-ASP.NET MAC disabled,"By default, the serialized value is signed by the server to prevent tampering by the user; however, this behavior can be disabled by setting the Page.EnableViewStateMac property to false. If this is done, then an attacker can modify the contents of the ViewState and cause arbitrary data to be deserialized and processed by the server. If the ViewState contains any items that are critical to the server's processing of the request, then this may result in a security exposure.
2843 ",Set the Page.EnableViewStateMac property to true on any pages where the ViewState is not currently signed.,Low,
2844 ,ES-Cisco ASA Error,"El Cisco ASA es vulnerable a un Information Leak (CVE-2014-3392), un atacante podria obtener credenciales em base a un error.
2845 ",Actualizar a la ultima version del firmware del CISCO ASA,High,
2846 ,ES-Listado de directorios,"Evitar listar directorios, muchas veces a partir de aqui se pueden realizar distintos vectores de ataques, por claves almacenadas en archivos ocultos o por tener acceso a archivos de configuracion.
2847 ","Evitar listar directorios, es recomendable que se desabiliten o se resguarden con algun tipo de autenticacion.",Low,
20062848 ,EN-Cifrado Debil (SSL weak ciphers),"El host remoto es compatible con el uso de sistemas de cifrado SSL que ofrecen ya sea cifrado debil o sin cifrado en absoluto.
2007 Esta vulnerabilidad afecta Server.",,Vuelva a configurar la aplicacion afectada para evitar el uso de cifrados debiles.,Medium,
2849 Esta vulnerabilidad afecta Server.
2850 ",Vuelva a configurar la aplicacion afectada para evitar el uso de cifrados debiles.,Medium,
+1507
-754
data/cwe_en.csv less more
0 cwe,name,desc_summary,description,resolution,exploitation,references
1 CWE-119,Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (Type: Class),"The software performs operations on a memory buffer, but it can read from or write to a memory location that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer.","Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
0 cwe,name,description,resolution,exploitation,references
1 CWE-119,Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (Type: Class),"The software performs operations on a memory buffer, but it can read from or write to a memory location that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer.
2 Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
23 As a result, an attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code, alter the intended control flow, read sensitive information, or cause the system to crash.",,High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Public Enemy #1: The Buffer Overrun"" Page 127; Chapter 14, ""Prevent I18N Buffer Overruns"" Page 441
34 Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
45 Safe C String Library v1.0.3: http://www.zork.org/safestr/
89 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx
910 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Memory Corruption"", Page 167.
1011 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Protection Mechanisms"", Page 189."
11 CWE-123,Write-what-where Condition (Type: Base),"Any condition where the attacker has the ability to write an arbitrary value to an arbitrary location, often as the result of a buffer overflow.","A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
12 CWE-129,Improper Validation of Array Index (Type: Base),"The product uses untrusted input when calculating or using an array index, but the product does not validate or incorrectly validates the index to ensure the index references a valid position within the array.","This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Array Indexing Errors"" Page 144
12 CWE-123,Write-what-where Condition (Type: Base),"Any condition where the attacker has the ability to write an arbitrary value to an arbitrary location, often as the result of a buffer overflow.
13 A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
14 CWE-129,Improper Validation of Array Index (Type: Base),"The product uses untrusted input when calculating or using an array index, but the product does not validate or incorrectly validates the index to ensure the index references a valid position within the array.
15 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Array Indexing Errors"" Page 144
1316 Top 25 Series - Rank 14 - Improper Validation of Array Index: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/12/top-25-series-rank-14-improper-validation-of-array-index/
1417 Address Space Layout Randomization in Windows Vista: http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_howard/archive/2006/05/26/address-space-layout-randomization-in-windows-vista.aspx
1518 PaX: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PaX
1619 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx
1720 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
1821 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
19 CWE-194,Unexpected Sign Extension (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation on a number that causes it to be sign extended when it is transformed into a larger data type. When the original number is negative, this can produce unexpected values that lead to resultant weaknesses.",This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.,,High,"C Language Issues for Application Security: http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=686170&seqNum=6
22 CWE-194,Unexpected Sign Extension (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation on a number that causes it to be sign extended when it is transformed into a larger data type. When the original number is negative, this can produce unexpected values that lead to resultant weaknesses.
23 This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.",,High,"C Language Issues for Application Security: http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=686170&seqNum=6
2024 Integral Security: http://www.ddj.com/security/193501774"
21 CWE-20,Improper Input Validation (Type: Class),The product does not validate or incorrectly validates input that can affect the control flow or data flow of a program.,"When software does not validate input properly, an attacker is able to craft the input in a form that is not expected by the rest of the application. This will lead to parts of the system receiving unintended input, which may result in altered control flow, arbitrary control of a resource, or arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Input Validation with ESAPI - Very Important: http://manicode.blogspot.com/2008/08/input-validation-with-esapi.html
25 CWE-20,Improper Input Validation (Type: Class),"The product does not validate or incorrectly validates input that can affect the control flow or data flow of a program.
26 When software does not validate input properly, an attacker is able to craft the input in a form that is not expected by the rest of the application. This will lead to parts of the system receiving unintended input, which may result in altered control flow, arbitrary control of a resource, or arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Input Validation with ESAPI - Very Important: http://manicode.blogspot.com/2008/08/input-validation-with-esapi.html
2227 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
2328 Hacking Exposed Web Applications, Second Edition: Input Validation Attacks
2429 Input validation or output filtering, which is better?: http://jeremiahgrossman.blogspot.com/2007/01/input-validation-or-output-filtering.html
2530 The importance of input validation: http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/tip/0,289483,sid92_gci1214373,00.html
2631 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 10, ""All Input Is Evil!"" Page 341"
27 CWE-200,Information Exposure (Type: Class),An information exposure is the intentional or unintentional disclosure of information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.,"The information either
32 CWE-200,Information Exposure (Type: Class),"An information exposure is the intentional or unintentional disclosure of information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.
33 The information either
2834 is regarded as sensitive within the product's own functionality, such as a private message; or
2935 provides information about the product or its environment that could be useful in an attack but is normally not available to the attacker, such as the installation path of a product that is remotely accessible.
3036 Many information exposures are resultant (e.g. PHP script error revealing the full path of the program), but they can also be primary (e.g. timing discrepancies in cryptography). There are many different types of problems that involve information exposures. Their severity can range widely depending on the type of information that is revealed.",,High,Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/
31 CWE-209,Information Exposure Through an Error Message (Type: Base),"The software generates an error message that includes sensitive information about its environment, users, or associated data.","The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,High,"Information Leakage: http://www.webappsec.org/projects/threat/classes/information_leakage.shtml
37 CWE-209,Information Exposure Through an Error Message (Type: Base),"The software generates an error message that includes sensitive information about its environment, users, or associated data.
38 The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,High,"Information Leakage: http://www.webappsec.org/projects/threat/classes/information_leakage.shtml
3239 Secure Programming with Static Analysis: Section 9.2, page 326.
3340 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 16, ""General Good Practices."" Page 415
3441 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183
3542 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191
3643 Top 25 Series - Rank 16 - Information Exposure Through an Error Message: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/17/top-25-series-rank-16-information-exposure-through-an-error-message
3744 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Overly Verbose Error Messages"", Page 75."
38 CWE-234,Failure to Handle Missing Parameter (Type: Variant),"If too few arguments are sent to a function, the function will still pop the expected number of arguments from the stack. Potentially, a variable number of arguments could be exhausted in a function as well.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,High,
39 CWE-242,Use of Inherently Dangerous Function (Type: Base),The program calls a function that can never be guaranteed to work safely.,"Certain functions behave in dangerous ways regardless of how they are used. Functions in this category were often implemented without taking security concerns into account. The gets() function is unsafe because it does not perform bounds checking on the size of its input. An attacker can easily send arbitrarily-sized input to gets() and overflow the destination buffer. Similarly, the >> operator is unsafe to use when reading into a statically-allocated character array because it does not perform bounds checking on the size of its input. An attacker can easily send arbitrarily-sized input to the >> operator and overflow the destination buffer.",,High,"Herb Schildt's C++ Programming Cookbook: Chapter 5. Working with I/O
45 CWE-234,Failure to Handle Missing Parameter (Type: Variant),"If too few arguments are sent to a function, the function will still pop the expected number of arguments from the stack. Potentially, a variable number of arguments could be exhausted in a function as well.
46 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,High,
47 CWE-242,Use of Inherently Dangerous Function (Type: Base),"The program calls a function that can never be guaranteed to work safely.
48 Certain functions behave in dangerous ways regardless of how they are used. Functions in this category were often implemented without taking security concerns into account. The gets() function is unsafe because it does not perform bounds checking on the size of its input. An attacker can easily send arbitrarily-sized input to gets() and overflow the destination buffer. Similarly, the >> operator is unsafe to use when reading into a statically-allocated character array because it does not perform bounds checking on the size of its input. An attacker can easily send arbitrarily-sized input to the >> operator and overflow the destination buffer.",,High,"Herb Schildt's C++ Programming Cookbook: Chapter 5. Working with I/O
4049 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""gets and fgets"" Page 163"
41 CWE-243,Creation of chroot Jail Without Changing Working Directory (Type: Variant),"The program uses the chroot() system call to create a jail, but does not change the working directory afterward. This does not prevent access to files outside of the jail.","Improper use of chroot() may allow attackers to escape from the chroot jail. The chroot() function call does not change the process's current working directory, so relative paths may still refer to file system resources outside of the chroot jail after chroot() has been called.",,High,
42 CWE-268,Privilege Chaining (Type: Base),"Two distinct privileges, roles, capabilities, or rights can be combined in a way that allows an entity to perform unsafe actions that would not be allowed without that combination.","Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,High,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
43 CWE-271,Privilege Dropping / Lowering Errors (Type: Class),The software does not drop privileges before passing control of a resource to an actor that does not have those privileges.,"In some contexts, a system executing with elevated permissions will hand off a process/file/etc. to another process or user. If the privileges of an entity are not reduced, then elevated privileges are spread throughout a system and possibly to an attacker.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
50 CWE-243,Creation of chroot Jail Without Changing Working Directory (Type: Variant),"The program uses the chroot() system call to create a jail, but does not change the working directory afterward. This does not prevent access to files outside of the jail.
51 Improper use of chroot() may allow attackers to escape from the chroot jail. The chroot() function call does not change the process's current working directory, so relative paths may still refer to file system resources outside of the chroot jail after chroot() has been called.",,High,
52 CWE-268,Privilege Chaining (Type: Base),"Two distinct privileges, roles, capabilities, or rights can be combined in a way that allows an entity to perform unsafe actions that would not be allowed without that combination.
53 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,High,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
54 CWE-271,Privilege Dropping / Lowering Errors (Type: Class),"The software does not drop privileges before passing control of a resource to an actor that does not have those privileges.
55 In some contexts, a system executing with elevated permissions will hand off a process/file/etc. to another process or user. If the privileges of an entity are not reduced, then elevated privileges are spread throughout a system and possibly to an attacker.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
4456 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Dropping Privileges Permanently"", Page 479."
45 CWE-285,Improper Authorization (Type: Class),The software does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.,"Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
57 CWE-285,Improper Authorization (Type: Class),"The software does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
58 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
4659 When access control checks are not applied consistently - or not at all - users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Role Based Access Control and Role Based Security: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/rbac/
4760 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 4, ""Authorization"" Page 114; Chapter 6, ""Determining Appropriate Access Control"" Page 171
4861 Top 25 Series - Rank 5 - Improper Access Control (Authorization): http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/04/top-25-series-rank-5-improper-access-control-authorization/
5063 Authentication using JAAS: http://www.javaranch.com/journal/2008/04/authentication-using-JAAS.html
5164 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authorization"", Page 39.
5265 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""ACL Inheritance"", Page 649."
53 CWE-291,Reliance on IP Address for Authentication (Type: Variant),The software uses an IP address for authentication.,"IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,
54 CWE-292,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Trusting Self-reported DNS Name (Type: Variant),This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-350. All content has been transferred to CWE-350.,"IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,
55 CWE-293,Using Referer Field for Authentication (Type: Variant),"The referer field in HTTP requests can be easily modified and, as such, is not a valid means of message integrity checking.","IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""Referer Request Header"", Page 1030."
56 CWE-294,Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay (Type: Base),A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the software makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).,"Capture-replay attacks are common and can be difficult to defeat without cryptography. They are a subset of network injection attacks that rely on observing previously-sent valid commands, then changing them slightly if necessary and resending the same commands to the server.",,High,
57 CWE-297,Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch (Type: Variant),"The software communicates with a host that provides a certificate, but the software does not properly ensure that the certificate is actually associated with that host.","Even if a certificate is well-formed, signed, and follows the chain of trust, it may simply be a valid certificate for a different site than the site that the software is interacting with. If the certificate's host-specific data is not properly checked - such as the Common Name (CN) in the Subject or the Subject Alternative Name (SAN) extension of an X.509 certificate - it may be possible for a redirection or spoofing attack to allow a malicious host with a valid certificate to provide data, impersonating a trusted host. In order to ensure data integrity, the certificate must be valid and it must pertain to the site that is being accessed.
66 CWE-291,Reliance on IP Address for Authentication (Type: Variant),"The software uses an IP address for authentication.
67 IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,
68 CWE-292,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Trusting Self-reported DNS Name (Type: Variant),"This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-350. All content has been transferred to CWE-350.
69 IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,
70 CWE-293,Using Referer Field for Authentication (Type: Variant),"The referer field in HTTP requests can be easily modified and, as such, is not a valid means of message integrity checking.
71 IP addresses can be easily spoofed. Attackers can forge the source IP address of the packets they send, but response packets will return to the forged IP address. To see the response packets, the attacker has to sniff the traffic between the victim machine and the forged IP address. In order to accomplish the required sniffing, attackers typically attempt to locate themselves on the same subnet as the victim machine. Attackers may be able to circumvent this requirement by using source routing, but source routing is disabled across much of the Internet today. In summary, IP address verification can be a useful part of an authentication scheme, but it should not be the single factor required for authentication.",,High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""Referer Request Header"", Page 1030."
72 CWE-294,Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay (Type: Base),"A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the software makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
73 Capture-replay attacks are common and can be difficult to defeat without cryptography. They are a subset of network injection attacks that rely on observing previously-sent valid commands, then changing them slightly if necessary and resending the same commands to the server.",,High,
74 CWE-297,Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch (Type: Variant),"The software communicates with a host that provides a certificate, but the software does not properly ensure that the certificate is actually associated with that host.
75 Even if a certificate is well-formed, signed, and follows the chain of trust, it may simply be a valid certificate for a different site than the site that the software is interacting with. If the certificate's host-specific data is not properly checked - such as the Common Name (CN) in the Subject or the Subject Alternative Name (SAN) extension of an X.509 certificate - it may be possible for a redirection or spoofing attack to allow a malicious host with a valid certificate to provide data, impersonating a trusted host. In order to ensure data integrity, the certificate must be valid and it must pertain to the site that is being accessed.
5876 Even if the software attempts to check the hostname, it is still possible to incorrectly check the hostname. For example, attackers could create a certificate with a name that begins with a trusted name followed by a NUL byte, which could cause some string-based comparisons to only examine the portion that contains the trusted name.",,High,"The Most Dangerous Code in the World: Validating SSL Certificates in Non-Browser Software: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~shmat/shmat_ccs12.pdf
5977 Why Eve and Mallory Love Android: An Analysis of Android SSL (In)Security: http://www2.dcsec.uni-hannover.de/files/android/p50-fahl.pdf
6078 Secure programming with the OpenSSL API, Part 2: Secure handshake: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-openssl2/index.html
6179 An Introduction to OpenSSL Programming (Part I): http://www.rtfm.com/openssl-examples/part1.pdf
6280 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
63 CWE-308,Use of Single-factor Authentication (Type: Base),The use of single-factor authentication can lead to unnecessary risk of compromise when compared with the benefits of a dual-factor authentication scheme.,"While the use of multiple authentication schemes is simply piling on more complexity on top of authentication, it is inestimably valuable to have such measures of redundancy. The use of weak, reused, and common passwords is rampant on the internet. Without the added protection of multiple authentication schemes, a single mistake can result in the compromise of an account. For this reason, if multiple schemes are possible and also easy to use, they should be implemented and required.",,High,
64 CWE-321,Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key (Type: Base),The use of a hard-coded cryptographic key significantly increases the possibility that encrypted data may be recovered.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
81 CWE-308,Use of Single-factor Authentication (Type: Base),"The use of single-factor authentication can lead to unnecessary risk of compromise when compared with the benefits of a dual-factor authentication scheme.
82 While the use of multiple authentication schemes is simply piling on more complexity on top of authentication, it is inestimably valuable to have such measures of redundancy. The use of weak, reused, and common passwords is rampant on the internet. Without the added protection of multiple authentication schemes, a single mistake can result in the compromise of an account. For this reason, if multiple schemes are possible and also easy to use, they should be implemented and required.",,High,
83 CWE-321,Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key (Type: Base),"The use of a hard-coded cryptographic key significantly increases the possibility that encrypted data may be recovered.
84 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
6585 The '...' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. On some Windows systems, it is equivalent to ""..\.."" and might bypass checks that assume only two dots are valid. Incomplete filtering, such as removal of ""./"" sequences, can ultimately produce valid "".."" sequences due to a collapse into unsafe value (CWE-182).",,High,
66 CWE-322,Key Exchange without Entity Authentication (Type: Base),The software performs a key exchange with an actor without verifying the identity of that actor.,"Performing a key exchange will preserve the integrity of the information sent between two entities, but this will not guarantee that the entities are who they claim they are. This may enable a set of ""man-in-the-middle"" attacks. Typically, this involves a victim client that contacts a malicious server that is impersonating a trusted server. If the client skips authentication or ignores an authentication failure, the malicious server may request authentication information from the user. The malicious server can then use this authentication information to log in to the trusted server using the victim's credentials, sniff traffic between the victim and trusted server, etc.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347
86 CWE-322,Key Exchange without Entity Authentication (Type: Base),"The software performs a key exchange with an actor without verifying the identity of that actor.
87 Performing a key exchange will preserve the integrity of the information sent between two entities, but this will not guarantee that the entities are who they claim they are. This may enable a set of ""man-in-the-middle"" attacks. Typically, this involves a victim client that contacts a malicious server that is impersonating a trusted server. If the client skips authentication or ignores an authentication failure, the malicious server may request authentication information from the user. The malicious server can then use this authentication information to log in to the trusted server using the victim's credentials, sniff traffic between the victim and trusted server, etc.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347
6788 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
68 CWE-323,"Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption (Type: Base)",Nonces should be used for the present occasion and only once.,"Performing a key exchange will preserve the integrity of the information sent between two entities, but this will not guarantee that the entities are who they claim they are. This may enable a set of ""man-in-the-middle"" attacks. Typically, this involves a victim client that contacts a malicious server that is impersonating a trusted server. If the client skips authentication or ignores an authentication failure, the malicious server may request authentication information from the user. The malicious server can then use this authentication information to log in to the trusted server using the victim's credentials, sniff traffic between the victim and trusted server, etc.",,High,
69 CWE-360,Trust of System Event Data (Type: Base),Security based on event locations are insecure and can be spoofed.,"Events are a messaging system which may provide control data to programs listening for events. Events often do not have any type of authentication framework to allow them to be verified from a trusted source. Any application, in Windows, on a given desktop can send a message to any window on the same desktop. There is no authentication framework for these messages. Therefore, any message can be used to manipulate any process on the desktop if the process does not check the validity and safeness of those messages.",,High,
70 CWE-378,Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions (Type: Base),"Opening temporary files without appropriate measures or controls can leave the file, its contents and any function that it impacts vulnerable to attack.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,High,
71 CWE-416,Use After Free (Type: Base),"Referencing memory after it has been freed can cause a program to crash, use unexpected values, or execute code.","The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
89 CWE-323,"Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption (Type: Base)","Nonces should be used for the present occasion and only once.
90 Performing a key exchange will preserve the integrity of the information sent between two entities, but this will not guarantee that the entities are who they claim they are. This may enable a set of ""man-in-the-middle"" attacks. Typically, this involves a victim client that contacts a malicious server that is impersonating a trusted server. If the client skips authentication or ignores an authentication failure, the malicious server may request authentication information from the user. The malicious server can then use this authentication information to log in to the trusted server using the victim's credentials, sniff traffic between the victim and trusted server, etc.",,High,
91 CWE-360,Trust of System Event Data (Type: Base),"Security based on event locations are insecure and can be spoofed.
92 Events are a messaging system which may provide control data to programs listening for events. Events often do not have any type of authentication framework to allow them to be verified from a trusted source. Any application, in Windows, on a given desktop can send a message to any window on the same desktop. There is no authentication framework for these messages. Therefore, any message can be used to manipulate any process on the desktop if the process does not check the validity and safeness of those messages.",,High,
93 CWE-378,Creation of Temporary File With Insecure Permissions (Type: Base),"Opening temporary files without appropriate measures or controls can leave the file, its contents and any function that it impacts vulnerable to attack.
94 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,High,
95 CWE-416,Use After Free (Type: Base),"Referencing memory after it has been freed can cause a program to crash, use unexpected values, or execute code.
96 The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
7297 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances.
7398 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for freeing the memory.
7499 In this scenario, the memory in question is allocated to another pointer validly at some point after it has been freed. The original pointer to the freed memory is used again and points to somewhere within the new allocation. As the data is changed, it corrupts the validly used memory; this induces undefined behavior in the process.
75100 If the newly allocated data chances to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap data. If one of these function pointers is overwritten with an address to valid shellcode, execution of arbitrary code can be achieved.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143"
76 CWE-457,Use of Uninitialized Variable (Type: Variant),"The code uses a variable that has not been initialized, leading to unpredictable or unintended results.","In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,High,"Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
101 CWE-457,Use of Uninitialized Variable (Type: Variant),"The code uses a variable that has not been initialized, leading to unpredictable or unintended results.
102 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,High,"Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
77103 MS08-014 : The Case of the Uninitialized Stack Variable Vulnerability: http://blogs.technet.com/swi/archive/2008/03/11/the-case-of-the-uninitialized-stack-variable-vulnerability.aspx
78104 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143
79105 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
80 CWE-467,Use of sizeof() on a Pointer Type (Type: Variant),"The code calls sizeof() on a malloced pointer type, which always returns the wordsize/8. This can produce an unexpected result if the programmer intended to determine how much memory has been allocated.","Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,High,EXP01-A. Do not take the sizeof a pointer to determine the size of a type: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/EXP01-A.+Do+not+take+the+sizeof+a+pointer+to+determine+the+size+of+a+type
81 CWE-486,Comparison of Classes by Name (Type: Variant),"The program compares classes by name, which can cause it to use the wrong class when multiple classes can have the same name.","If the decision to trust the methods and data of an object is based on the name of a class, it is possible for malicious users to send objects of the same name as trusted classes and thereby gain the trust afforded to known classes and types.",,High,
82 CWE-493,Critical Public Variable Without Final Modifier (Type: Variant),"The product has a critical public variable that is not final, which allows the variable to be modified to contain unexpected values.","If a field is non-final and public, it can be changed once the value is set by any function that has access to the class which contains the field. This could lead to a vulnerability if other parts of the program make assumptions about the contents of that field.",,High,
83 CWE-499,Serializable Class Containing Sensitive Data (Type: Variant),"The code contains a class with sensitive data, but the class does not explicitly deny serialization. The data can be accessed by serializing the class through another class.","Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,High,
84 CWE-500,Public Static Field Not Marked Final (Type: Variant),"An object contains a public static field that is not marked final, which might allow it to be modified in unexpected ways.",Public static variables can be read without an accessor and changed without a mutator by any classes in the application.,,High,
85 CWE-515,Covert Storage Channel (Type: Base),A covert storage channel transfers information through the setting of bits by one program and the reading of those bits by another. What distinguishes this case from that of ordinary operation is that the bits are used to convey encoded information.,"Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,High,
86 CWE-639,Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (Type: Base),The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.,"Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user. It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system. One manifestation of this weakness would be if a system used sequential or otherwise easily guessable session ids that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.",,High,
87 CWE-640,Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password (Type: Base),"The software contains a mechanism for users to recover or change their passwords without knowing the original password, but the mechanism is weak.","It is common for an application to have a mechanism that provides a means for a user to gain access to their account in the event they forget their password. Very often the password recovery mechanism is weak, which has the effect of making it more likely that it would be possible for a person other than the legitimate system user to gain access to that user's account.
106 CWE-467,Use of sizeof() on a Pointer Type (Type: Variant),"The code calls sizeof() on a malloced pointer type, which always returns the wordsize/8. This can produce an unexpected result if the programmer intended to determine how much memory has been allocated.
107 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,High,EXP01-A. Do not take the sizeof a pointer to determine the size of a type: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/EXP01-A.+Do+not+take+the+sizeof+a+pointer+to+determine+the+size+of+a+type
108 CWE-486,Comparison of Classes by Name (Type: Variant),"The program compares classes by name, which can cause it to use the wrong class when multiple classes can have the same name.
109 If the decision to trust the methods and data of an object is based on the name of a class, it is possible for malicious users to send objects of the same name as trusted classes and thereby gain the trust afforded to known classes and types.",,High,
110 CWE-493,Critical Public Variable Without Final Modifier (Type: Variant),"The product has a critical public variable that is not final, which allows the variable to be modified to contain unexpected values.
111 If a field is non-final and public, it can be changed once the value is set by any function that has access to the class which contains the field. This could lead to a vulnerability if other parts of the program make assumptions about the contents of that field.",,High,
112 CWE-499,Serializable Class Containing Sensitive Data (Type: Variant),"The code contains a class with sensitive data, but the class does not explicitly deny serialization. The data can be accessed by serializing the class through another class.
113 Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,High,
114 CWE-500,Public Static Field Not Marked Final (Type: Variant),"An object contains a public static field that is not marked final, which might allow it to be modified in unexpected ways.
115 Public static variables can be read without an accessor and changed without a mutator by any classes in the application.",,High,
116 CWE-515,Covert Storage Channel (Type: Base),"A covert storage channel transfers information through the setting of bits by one program and the reading of those bits by another. What distinguishes this case from that of ordinary operation is that the bits are used to convey encoded information.
117 Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,High,
118 CWE-639,Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (Type: Base),"The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
119 Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user. It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system. One manifestation of this weakness would be if a system used sequential or otherwise easily guessable session ids that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.",,High,
120 CWE-640,Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password (Type: Base),"The software contains a mechanism for users to recover or change their passwords without knowing the original password, but the mechanism is weak.
121 It is common for an application to have a mechanism that provides a means for a user to gain access to their account in the event they forget their password. Very often the password recovery mechanism is weak, which has the effect of making it more likely that it would be possible for a person other than the legitimate system user to gain access to that user's account.
88122 This weakness may be that the security question is too easy to guess or find an answer to (e.g. because it is too common). Or there might be an implementation weakness in the password recovery mechanism code that may for instance trick the system into e-mailing the new password to an e-mail account other than that of the user. There might be no throttling done on the rate of password resets so that a legitimate user can be denied service by an attacker if an attacker tries to recover their password in a rapid succession. The system may send the original password to the user rather than generating a new temporary password. In summary, password recovery functionality, if not carefully designed and implemented can often become the system's weakest link that can be misused in a way that would allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the system. Weak password recovery schemes completely undermine a strong password authentication scheme.",,High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
89 CWE-642,External Control of Critical State Data (Type: Class),"The software stores security-critical state information about its users, or the software itself, in a location that is accessible to unauthorized actors.","If an attacker can modify the state information without detection, then it could be used to perform unauthorized actions or access unexpected resources, since the application programmer does not expect that the state can be changed.
123 CWE-642,External Control of Critical State Data (Type: Class),"The software stores security-critical state information about its users, or the software itself, in a location that is accessible to unauthorized actors.
124 If an attacker can modify the state information without detection, then it could be used to perform unauthorized actions or access unexpected resources, since the application programmer does not expect that the state can be changed.
90125 State information can be stored in various locations such as a cookie, in a hidden web form field, input parameter or argument, an environment variable, a database record, within a settings file, etc. All of these locations have the potential to be modified by an attacker. When this state information is used to control security or determine resource usage, then it may create a vulnerability. For example, an application may perform authentication, then save the state in an ""authenticated=true"" cookie. An attacker may simply create this cookie in order to bypass the authentication.",,High,"Top 10 2007-Insecure Direct Object Reference: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007-A4
91126 HMAC: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hmac
92127 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 4: Use of Magic URLs, Predictable Cookies, and Hidden Form Fields."" Page 75"
93 CWE-643,Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions (XPath Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to dynamically construct an XPath expression used to retrieve data from an XML database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes that input. This allows an attacker to control the structure of the query.","The net effect is that the attacker will have control over the information selected from the XML database and may use that ability to control application flow, modify logic, retrieve unauthorized data, or bypass important checks (e.g. authentication).",,High,"XPath Injection: http://www.webappsec.org/projects/threat/classes/xpath_injection.shtml
128 CWE-643,Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions (XPath Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to dynamically construct an XPath expression used to retrieve data from an XML database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes that input. This allows an attacker to control the structure of the query.
129 The net effect is that the attacker will have control over the information selected from the XML database and may use that ability to control application flow, modify logic, retrieve unauthorized data, or bypass important checks (e.g. authentication).",,High,"XPath Injection: http://www.webappsec.org/projects/threat/classes/xpath_injection.shtml
94130 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""XPath Injection"", Page 1070."
95 CWE-644,Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax (Type: Variant),"The application does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes web scripting syntax in HTTP headers that can be used by web browser components that can process raw headers, such as Flash.","An attacker may be able to conduct cross-site scripting and other attacks against users who have these components enabled.
131 CWE-644,Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax (Type: Variant),"The application does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes web scripting syntax in HTTP headers that can be used by web browser components that can process raw headers, such as Flash.
132 An attacker may be able to conduct cross-site scripting and other attacks against users who have these components enabled.
96133 If an application does not neutralize user controlled data being placed in the header of an HTTP response coming from the server, the header may contain a script that will get executed in the client's browser context, potentially resulting in a cross site scripting vulnerability or possibly an HTTP response splitting attack. It is important to carefully control data that is being placed both in HTTP response header and in the HTTP response body to ensure that no scripting syntax is present, taking various encodings into account.",,High,
97 CWE-645,Overly Restrictive Account Lockout Mechanism (Type: Base),"The software contains an account lockout protection mechanism, but the mechanism is too restrictive and can be triggered too easily. This allows attackers to deny service to legitimate users by causing their accounts to be locked out.","Account lockout is a security feature often present in applications as a countermeasure to the brute force attack on the password based authentication mechanism of the system. After a certain number of failed login attempts, the users' account may be disabled for a certain period of time or until it is unlocked by an administrator. Other security events may also possibly trigger account lockout. However, an attacker may use this very security feature to deny service to legitimate system users. It is therefore important to ensure that the account lockout security mechanism is not overly restrictive.",,High,
98 CWE-646,Reliance on File Name or Extension of Externally-Supplied File (Type: Variant),"The software allows a file to be uploaded, but it relies on the file name or extension of the file to determine the appropriate behaviors. This could be used by attackers to cause the file to be misclassified and processed in a dangerous fashion.","An application might use the file name or extension of of a user-supplied file to determine the proper course of action, such as selecting the correct process to which control should be passed, deciding what data should be made available, or what resources should be allocated. If the attacker can cause the code to misclassify the supplied file, then the wrong action could occur. For example, an attacker could supply a file that ends in a "".php.gif"" extension that appears to be a GIF image, but would be processed as PHP code. In extreme cases, code execution is possible, but the attacker could also cause exhaustion of resources, denial of service, exposure of debug or system data (including application source code), or being bound to a particular server side process. This weakness may be due to a vulnerability in any of the technologies used by the web and application servers, due to misconfiguration, or resultant from another flaw in the application itself.",,High,
99 CWE-647,Use of Non-Canonical URL Paths for Authorization Decisions (Type: Variant),The software defines policy namespaces and makes authorization decisions based on the assumption that a URL is canonical. This can allow a non-canonical URL to bypass the authorization.,"If an application defines policy namespaces and makes authorization decisions based on the URL, but it does not require or convert to a canonical URL before making the authorization decision, then it opens the application to attack. For example, if the application only wants to allow access to http://www.example.com/mypage, then the attacker might be able to bypass this restriction using equivalent URLs such as:
134 CWE-645,Overly Restrictive Account Lockout Mechanism (Type: Base),"The software contains an account lockout protection mechanism, but the mechanism is too restrictive and can be triggered too easily. This allows attackers to deny service to legitimate users by causing their accounts to be locked out.
135 Account lockout is a security feature often present in applications as a countermeasure to the brute force attack on the password based authentication mechanism of the system. After a certain number of failed login attempts, the users' account may be disabled for a certain period of time or until it is unlocked by an administrator. Other security events may also possibly trigger account lockout. However, an attacker may use this very security feature to deny service to legitimate system users. It is therefore important to ensure that the account lockout security mechanism is not overly restrictive.",,High,
136 CWE-646,Reliance on File Name or Extension of Externally-Supplied File (Type: Variant),"The software allows a file to be uploaded, but it relies on the file name or extension of the file to determine the appropriate behaviors. This could be used by attackers to cause the file to be misclassified and processed in a dangerous fashion.
137 An application might use the file name or extension of of a user-supplied file to determine the proper course of action, such as selecting the correct process to which control should be passed, deciding what data should be made available, or what resources should be allocated. If the attacker can cause the code to misclassify the supplied file, then the wrong action could occur. For example, an attacker could supply a file that ends in a "".php.gif"" extension that appears to be a GIF image, but would be processed as PHP code. In extreme cases, code execution is possible, but the attacker could also cause exhaustion of resources, denial of service, exposure of debug or system data (including application source code), or being bound to a particular server side process. This weakness may be due to a vulnerability in any of the technologies used by the web and application servers, due to misconfiguration, or resultant from another flaw in the application itself.",,High,
138 CWE-647,Use of Non-Canonical URL Paths for Authorization Decisions (Type: Variant),"The software defines policy namespaces and makes authorization decisions based on the assumption that a URL is canonical. This can allow a non-canonical URL to bypass the authorization.
139 If an application defines policy namespaces and makes authorization decisions based on the URL, but it does not require or convert to a canonical URL before making the authorization decision, then it opens the application to attack. For example, if the application only wants to allow access to http://www.example.com/mypage, then the attacker might be able to bypass this restriction using equivalent URLs such as:
100140 http://WWW.EXAMPLE.COM/mypage
101141 http://www.example.com/%6Dypage (alternate encoding)
102142 http://192.168.1.1/mypage (IP address)
103143 http://www.example.com/mypage/ (trailing /)
104144 http://www.example.com:80/mypage
105145 Therefore it is important to specify access control policy that is based on the path information in some canonical form with all alternate encodings rejected (which can be accomplished by a default deny rule).",,High,
106 CWE-649,Reliance on Obfuscation or Encryption of Security-Relevant Inputs without Integrity Checking (Type: Base),"The software uses obfuscation or encryption of inputs that should not be mutable by an external actor, but the software does not use integrity checks to detect if those inputs have been modified.","When an application relies on obfuscation or incorrectly applied / weak encryption to protect client-controllable tokens or parameters, that may have an effect on the user state, system state, or some decision made on the server. Without protecting the tokens/parameters for integrity, the application is vulnerable to an attack where an adversary blindly traverses the space of possible values of the said token/parameter in order to attempt to gain an advantage. The goal of the attacker is to find another admissible value that will somehow elevate his or her privileges in the system, disclose information or change the behavior of the system in some way beneficial to the attacker. If the application does not protect these critical tokens/parameters for integrity, it will not be able to determine that these values have been tampered with. Measures that are used to protect data for confidentiality should not be relied upon to provide the integrity service.",,High,
107 CWE-650,Trusting HTTP Permission Methods on the Server Side (Type: Variant),"The server contains a protection mechanism that assumes that any URI that is accessed using HTTP GET will not cause a state change to the associated resource. This might allow attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and conduct resource modification and deletion attacks, since some applications allow GET to modify state.","An application may disallow the HTTP requests to perform DELETE, PUT and POST operations on the resource representation, believing that it will be enough to prevent unintended resource alterations. Even though the HTTP GET specification requires that GET requests should not have side effects, there is nothing in the HTTP protocol itself that prevents the HTTP GET method from performing more than just query of the data. For instance, it is a common practice with REST based Web Services to have HTTP GET requests modifying resources on the server side. Whenever that happens however, the access control needs to be properly enforced in the application. No assumptions should be made that only HTTP DELETE, PUT, and POST methods have the power to alter the representation of the resource being accessed in the request.",,High,
108 CWE-652,Improper Neutralization of Data within XQuery Expressions (XQuery Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to dynamically construct an XQuery expression used to retrieve data from an XML database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes that input. This allows an attacker to control the structure of the query.","The net effect is that the attacker will have control over the information selected from the XML database and may use that ability to control application flow, modify logic, retrieve unauthorized data, or bypass important checks (e.g. authentication).",,High,
109 CWE-676,Use of Potentially Dangerous Function (Type: Base),"The program invokes a potentially dangerous function that could introduce a vulnerability if it is used incorrectly, but the function can also be used safely.","Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,High,"Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) Banned Function Calls: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb288454.aspx
146 CWE-649,Reliance on Obfuscation or Encryption of Security-Relevant Inputs without Integrity Checking (Type: Base),"The software uses obfuscation or encryption of inputs that should not be mutable by an external actor, but the software does not use integrity checks to detect if those inputs have been modified.
147 When an application relies on obfuscation or incorrectly applied / weak encryption to protect client-controllable tokens or parameters, that may have an effect on the user state, system state, or some decision made on the server. Without protecting the tokens/parameters for integrity, the application is vulnerable to an attack where an adversary blindly traverses the space of possible values of the said token/parameter in order to attempt to gain an advantage. The goal of the attacker is to find another admissible value that will somehow elevate his or her privileges in the system, disclose information or change the behavior of the system in some way beneficial to the attacker. If the application does not protect these critical tokens/parameters for integrity, it will not be able to determine that these values have been tampered with. Measures that are used to protect data for confidentiality should not be relied upon to provide the integrity service.",,High,
148 CWE-650,Trusting HTTP Permission Methods on the Server Side (Type: Variant),"The server contains a protection mechanism that assumes that any URI that is accessed using HTTP GET will not cause a state change to the associated resource. This might allow attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and conduct resource modification and deletion attacks, since some applications allow GET to modify state.
149 An application may disallow the HTTP requests to perform DELETE, PUT and POST operations on the resource representation, believing that it will be enough to prevent unintended resource alterations. Even though the HTTP GET specification requires that GET requests should not have side effects, there is nothing in the HTTP protocol itself that prevents the HTTP GET method from performing more than just query of the data. For instance, it is a common practice with REST based Web Services to have HTTP GET requests modifying resources on the server side. Whenever that happens however, the access control needs to be properly enforced in the application. No assumptions should be made that only HTTP DELETE, PUT, and POST methods have the power to alter the representation of the resource being accessed in the request.",,High,
150 CWE-652,Improper Neutralization of Data within XQuery Expressions (XQuery Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to dynamically construct an XQuery expression used to retrieve data from an XML database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes that input. This allows an attacker to control the structure of the query.
151 The net effect is that the attacker will have control over the information selected from the XML database and may use that ability to control application flow, modify logic, retrieve unauthorized data, or bypass important checks (e.g. authentication).",,High,
152 CWE-676,Use of Potentially Dangerous Function (Type: Base),"The program invokes a potentially dangerous function that could introduce a vulnerability if it is used incorrectly, but the function can also be used safely.
153 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,High,"Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) Banned Function Calls: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb288454.aspx
110154 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Safe String Handling"" Page 156, 160
111155 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""C String Handling"", Page 388."
112 CWE-682,Incorrect Calculation (Type: Class),The software performs a calculation that generates incorrect or unintended results that are later used in security-critical decisions or resource management..,"When software performs a security-critical calculation incorrectly, it might lead to incorrect resource allocations, incorrect privilege assignments, or failed comparisons among other things. Many of the direct results of an incorrect calculation can lead to even larger problems such as failed protection mechanisms or even arbitrary code execution.",,High,"SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
156 CWE-682,Incorrect Calculation (Type: Class),"The software performs a calculation that generates incorrect or unintended results that are later used in security-critical decisions or resource management..
157 When software performs a security-critical calculation incorrectly, it might lead to incorrect resource allocations, incorrect privilege assignments, or failed comparisons among other things. Many of the direct results of an incorrect calculation can lead to even larger problems such as failed protection mechanisms or even arbitrary code execution.",,High,"SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
113158 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 7: Integer Overflows."" Page 119
114159 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Signed Integer Boundaries"", Page 220."
115 CWE-78,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (OS Command Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component..","This could allow attackers to execute unexpected, dangerous commands directly on the operating system. This weakness can lead to a vulnerability in environments in which the attacker does not have direct access to the operating system, such as in web applications. Alternately, if the weakness occurs in a privileged program, it could allow the attacker to specify commands that normally would not be accessible, or to call alternate commands with privileges that the attacker does not have. The problem is exacerbated if the compromised process does not follow the principle of least privilege, because the attacker-controlled commands may run with special system privileges that increases the amount of damage.
160 CWE-78,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (OS Command Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component..
161 This could allow attackers to execute unexpected, dangerous commands directly on the operating system. This weakness can lead to a vulnerability in environments in which the attacker does not have direct access to the operating system, such as in web applications. Alternately, if the weakness occurs in a privileged program, it could allow the attacker to specify commands that normally would not be accessible, or to call alternate commands with privileges that the attacker does not have. The problem is exacerbated if the compromised process does not follow the principle of least privilege, because the attacker-controlled commands may run with special system privileges that increases the amount of damage.
116162 There are at least two subtypes of OS command injection:
117163 The application intends to execute a single, fixed program that is under its own control. It intends to use externally-supplied inputs as arguments to that program. For example, the program might use system(""nslookup [HOSTNAME]"") to run nslookup and allow the user to supply a HOSTNAME, which is used as an argument. Attackers cannot prevent nslookup from executing. However, if the program does not remove command separators from the HOSTNAME argument, attackers could place the separators into the arguments, which allows them to execute their own program after nslookup has finished executing.
118164 The application accepts an input that it uses to fully select which program to run, as well as which commands to use. The application simply redirects this entire command to the operating system. For example, the program might use ""exec([COMMAND])"" to execute the [COMMAND] that was supplied by the user. If the COMMAND is under attacker control, then the attacker can execute arbitrary commands or programs. If the command is being executed using functions like exec() and CreateProcess(), the attacker might not be able to combine multiple commands together in the same line.
126172 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
127173 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
128174 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Shell Metacharacters"", Page 425."
129 CWE-784,Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking in a Security Decision (Type: Variant),"The application uses a protection mechanism that relies on the existence or values of a cookie, but it does not properly ensure that the cookie is valid for the associated user.","Attackers can easily modify cookies, within the browser or by implementing the client-side code outside of the browser. Attackers can bypass protection mechanisms such as authorization and authentication by modifying the cookie to contain an expected value.",,High,"Unforgivable Vulnerabilities: http://cve.mitre.org/docs/docs-2007/unforgivable.pdf
175 CWE-784,Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking in a Security Decision (Type: Variant),"The application uses a protection mechanism that relies on the existence or values of a cookie, but it does not properly ensure that the cookie is valid for the associated user.
176 Attackers can easily modify cookies, within the browser or by implementing the client-side code outside of the browser. Attackers can bypass protection mechanisms such as authorization and authentication by modifying the cookie to contain an expected value.",,High,"Unforgivable Vulnerabilities: http://cve.mitre.org/docs/docs-2007/unforgivable.pdf
130177 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 13, ""Sensitive Data in Cookies and Fields"" Page 435"
131 CWE-862,Missing Authorization (Type: Class),The software does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.,"Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
178 CWE-862,Missing Authorization (Type: Class),"The software does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
179 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
132180 When access control checks are not applied, users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Role Based Access Control and Role Based Security: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/rbac/
133181 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 4, ""Authorization"" Page 114; Chapter 6, ""Determining Appropriate Access Control"" Page 171
134182 Top 25 Series - Rank 5 - Improper Access Control (Authorization): http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/04/top-25-series-rank-5-improper-access-control-authorization/
135183 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
136184 Authentication using JAAS: http://www.javaranch.com/journal/2008/04/authentication-using-JAAS.html
137185 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authorization"", Page 39."
138 CWE-863,Incorrect Authorization (Type: Class),"The software performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action, but it does not correctly perform the check. This allows attackers to bypass intended access restrictions.","Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
186 CWE-863,Incorrect Authorization (Type: Class),"The software performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action, but it does not correctly perform the check. This allows attackers to bypass intended access restrictions.
187 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
139188 When access control checks are incorrectly applied, users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,High,"Role Based Access Control and Role Based Security: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/rbac/
140189 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 4, ""Authorization"" Page 114; Chapter 6, ""Determining Appropriate Access Control"" Page 171
141190 Top 25 Series - Rank 5 - Improper Access Control (Authorization): http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/04/top-25-series-rank-5-improper-access-control-authorization/
142191 Authentication using JAAS: http://www.javaranch.com/journal/2008/04/authentication-using-JAAS.html
143192 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
144193 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authorization"", Page 39."
145 CWE-99,Improper Control of Resource Identifiers (Resource Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before it is used as an identifier for a resource that may be outside the intended sphere of control.",This may enable an attacker to access or modify otherwise protected system resources.,,High,
146 CWE-120,Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input (Classic Buffer Overflow) (Type: Base),"The program copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer, leading to a buffer overflow.","A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Public Enemy #1: The Buffer Overrun"" Page 127
194 CWE-99,Improper Control of Resource Identifiers (Resource Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before it is used as an identifier for a resource that may be outside the intended sphere of control.
195 This may enable an attacker to access or modify otherwise protected system resources.",,High,
196 CWE-120,Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input (Classic Buffer Overflow) (Type: Base),"The program copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer, leading to a buffer overflow.
197 A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Public Enemy #1: The Buffer Overrun"" Page 127
147198 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
148199 Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
149200 Safe C String Library v1.0.3: http://www.zork.org/safestr/
156207 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Nonexecutable Stack"", Page 76.
157208 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Protection Mechanisms"", Page 189.
158209 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""C String Handling"", Page 388."
159 CWE-122,Heap-based Buffer Overflow (Type: Variant),"A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().","A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Heap Overruns"" Page 138
210 CWE-122,Heap-based Buffer Overflow (Type: Variant),"A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
211 A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Heap Overruns"" Page 138
160212 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
161213 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Nonexecutable Stack"", Page 76.
162214 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Protection Mechanisms"", Page 189."
163 CWE-131,Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size (Type: Base),"The software does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow.","If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,High to Very High,"SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
215 CWE-131,Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size (Type: Base),"The software does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow.
216 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,High to Very High,"SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
164217 Top 25 Series - Rank 18 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/19/top-25-series-rank-18-incorrect-calculation-of-buffer-size
165218 Address Space Layout Randomization in Windows Vista: http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_howard/archive/2006/05/26/address-space-layout-randomization-in-windows-vista.aspx
166219 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx
169222 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 20, ""Integer Overflows"" Page 620
170223 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
171224 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Incrementing Pointers Incorrectly"", Page 401."
172 CWE-22,Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (Path Traversal) (Type: Class),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the software does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.","Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as "".."" and ""/"" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the ""../"" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as ""/usr/local/bin"", which may also be useful in accessing unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
225 CWE-22,Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (Path Traversal) (Type: Class),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the software does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
226 Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as "".."" and ""/"" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the ""../"" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as ""/usr/local/bin"", which may also be useful in accessing unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
173227 In many programming languages, the injection of a null byte (the 0 or NUL) may allow an attacker to truncate a generated filename to widen the scope of attack. For example, the software may add "".txt"" to any pathname, thus limiting the attacker to text files, but a null injection may effectively remove this restriction.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 11, ""Directory Traversal and Using Parent Paths (..)"" Page 370
174228 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
175229 Testing for Path Traversal (OWASP-AZ-001): http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Path_Traversal_(OWASP-AZ-001)
176230 Top 25 Series - Rank 7 - Path Traversal: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/09/top-25-series-rank-7-path-traversal/
177231 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
178232 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Filenames and Paths"", Page 503."
179 CWE-311,Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data (Type: Base),The software does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.,"The lack of proper data encryption passes up the guarantees of confidentiality, integrity, and accountability that properly implemented encryption conveys.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
233 CWE-311,Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data (Type: Base),"The software does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.
234 The lack of proper data encryption passes up the guarantees of confidentiality, integrity, and accountability that properly implemented encryption conveys.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
180235 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 17: Failure to Protect Stored Data."" Page 253
181236 Top 25 Series - Rank 10 - Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/02/26/top-25-series-rank-10-missing-encryption-of-sensitive-data/
182237 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Encryption"", Page 43.
183238 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf"
184 CWE-464,Addition of Data Structure Sentinel (Type: Base),The accidental addition of a data-structure sentinel can cause serious programming logic problems.,"Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,High to Very High,
185 CWE-67,Improper Handling of Windows Device Names (Type: Variant),"The software constructs pathnames from user input, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a pathname containing a Windows device name such as AUX or CON. This typically leads to denial of service or an information exposure when the application attempts to process the pathname as a regular file.","Not properly handling virtual filenames (e.g. AUX, CON, PRN, COM1, LPT1) can result in different types of vulnerabilities. In some cases an attacker can request a device via injection of a virtual filename in a URL, which may cause an error that leads to a denial of service or an error page that reveals sensitive information. A software system that allows device names to bypass filtering runs the risk of an attacker injecting malicious code in a file with the name of a device.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code
239 CWE-464,Addition of Data Structure Sentinel (Type: Base),"The accidental addition of a data-structure sentinel can cause serious programming logic problems.
240 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,High to Very High,
241 CWE-67,Improper Handling of Windows Device Names (Type: Variant),"The software constructs pathnames from user input, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a pathname containing a Windows device name such as AUX or CON. This typically leads to denial of service or an information exposure when the application attempts to process the pathname as a regular file.
242 Not properly handling virtual filenames (e.g. AUX, CON, PRN, COM1, LPT1) can result in different types of vulnerabilities. In some cases an attacker can request a device via injection of a virtual filename in a URL, which may cause an error that leads to a denial of service or an error page that reveals sensitive information. A software system that allows device names to bypass filtering runs the risk of an attacker injecting malicious code in a file with the name of a device.",,High to Very High,"Writing Secure Code
186243 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Device Files"", Page 666."
187 CWE-73,External Control of File Name or Path (Type: Class),The software allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.,"This could allow an attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are critical to the application.
244 CWE-73,External Control of File Name or Path (Type: Class),"The software allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.
245 This could allow an attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are critical to the application.
188246 Path manipulation errors occur when the following two conditions are met:
189247 1. An attacker can specify a path used in an operation on the filesystem.
190248 2. By specifying the resource, the attacker gains a capability that would not otherwise be permitted.
191249 For example, the program may give the attacker the ability to overwrite the specified file or run with a configuration controlled by the attacker.",,High to Very High,OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
192 CWE-76,Improper Neutralization of Equivalent Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software properly neutralizes certain special elements, but it improperly neutralizes equivalent special elements.","The software may have a fixed list of special characters it believes is complete. However, there may be alternate encodings, or representations that also have the same meaning. For example, the software may filter out a leading slash (/) to prevent absolute path names, but does not account for a tilde (~) followed by a user name, which on some *nix systems could be expanded to an absolute pathname. Alternately, the software might filter a dangerous ""-e"" command-line switch when calling an external program, but it might not account for ""--exec"" or other switches that have the same semantics.",,High to Very High,
193 CWE-79,Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (Cross-site Scripting) (Type: Base),The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.,"Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
250 CWE-76,Improper Neutralization of Equivalent Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software properly neutralizes certain special elements, but it improperly neutralizes equivalent special elements.
251 The software may have a fixed list of special characters it believes is complete. However, there may be alternate encodings, or representations that also have the same meaning. For example, the software may filter out a leading slash (/) to prevent absolute path names, but does not account for a tilde (~) followed by a user name, which on some *nix systems could be expanded to an absolute pathname. Alternately, the software might filter a dangerous ""-e"" command-line switch when calling an external program, but it might not account for ""--exec"" or other switches that have the same semantics.",,High to Very High,
252 CWE-79,Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (Cross-site Scripting) (Type: Base),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
253 Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
194254 1. Untrusted data enters a web application, typically from a web request.
195255 2. The web application dynamically generates a web page that contains this untrusted data.
196256 3. During page generation, the application does not prevent the data from containing content that is executable by a web browser, such as JavaScript, HTML tags, HTML attributes, mouse events, Flash, ActiveX, etc.
221281 DOM based XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/DOM_based_XSS_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet
222282 Top 25 series - Rank 1 - Cross Site Scripting: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/02/22/top-25-series-rank-1-cross-site-scripting/
223283 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""Cross Site Scripting"", Page 1071."
224 CWE-80,Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters such as ""<"", "">"", and ""&"" that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to a downstream component that processes web pages.","This may allow such characters to be treated as control characters, which are executed client-side in the context of the user's session. Although this can be classified as an injection problem, the more pertinent issue is the improper conversion of such special characters to respective context-appropriate entities before displaying them to the user.",,High to Very High,
225 CWE-98,Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (PHP Remote File Inclusion) (Type: Base),"The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in ""require,"" ""include,"" or similar functions.","In certain versions and configurations of PHP, this can allow an attacker to specify a URL to a remote location from which the software will obtain the code to execute. In other cases in association with path traversal, the attacker can specify a local file that may contain executable statements that can be parsed by PHP.",,High to Very High,"Testing for Path Traversal (OWASP-AZ-001): http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Path_Traversal_(OWASP-AZ-001)
284 CWE-80,Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters such as ""<"", "">"", and ""&"" that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to a downstream component that processes web pages.
285 This may allow such characters to be treated as control characters, which are executed client-side in the context of the user's session. Although this can be classified as an injection problem, the more pertinent issue is the improper conversion of such special characters to respective context-appropriate entities before displaying them to the user.",,High to Very High,
286 CWE-98,Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (PHP Remote File Inclusion) (Type: Base),"The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in ""require,"" ""include,"" or similar functions.
287 In certain versions and configurations of PHP, this can allow an attacker to specify a URL to a remote location from which the software will obtain the code to execute. In other cases in association with path traversal, the attacker can specify a local file that may contain executable statements that can be parsed by PHP.",,High to Very High,"Testing for Path Traversal (OWASP-AZ-001): http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Path_Traversal_(OWASP-AZ-001)
226288 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
227289 A Study in Scarlet: http://www.cgisecurity.com/lib/studyinscarlet.txt
228290 Suhosin: http://www.hardened-php.net/suhosin/
229291 Top 25 Series - Rank 13 - PHP File Inclusion: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/11/top-25-series-rank-13-php-file-inclusion/"
230 CWE-188,Reliance on Data/Memory Layout (Type: Base),"The software makes invalid assumptions about how protocol data or memory is organized at a lower level, resulting in unintended program behavior.","For example, an attacker might succeed in authentication by providing a small password that matches the associated portion of the larger, correct password.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Structure Padding"", Page 284."
231 CWE-197,Numeric Truncation Error (Type: Base),Truncation errors occur when a primitive is cast to a primitive of a smaller size and data is lost in the conversion.,"When a primitive is cast to a smaller primitive, the high order bits of the large value are lost in the conversion, potentially resulting in an unexpected value that is not equal to the original value. This value may be required as an index into a buffer, a loop iterator, or simply necessary state data. In any case, the value cannot be trusted and the system will be in an undefined state. While this method may be employed viably to isolate the low bits of a value, this usage is rare, and truncation usually implies that an implementation error has occurred.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Truncation"", Page 259."
232 CWE-252,Unchecked Return Value (Type: Base),"The software does not check the return value from a method or function, which can prevent it from detecting unexpected states and conditions.","Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Program Building Blocks"" Page 341.
292 CWE-188,Reliance on Data/Memory Layout (Type: Base),"The software makes invalid assumptions about how protocol data or memory is organized at a lower level, resulting in unintended program behavior.
293 For example, an attacker might succeed in authentication by providing a small password that matches the associated portion of the larger, correct password.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Structure Padding"", Page 284."
294 CWE-197,Numeric Truncation Error (Type: Base),"Truncation errors occur when a primitive is cast to a primitive of a smaller size and data is lost in the conversion.
295 When a primitive is cast to a smaller primitive, the high order bits of the large value are lost in the conversion, potentially resulting in an unexpected value that is not equal to the original value. This value may be required as an index into a buffer, a loop iterator, or simply necessary state data. In any case, the value cannot be trusted and the system will be in an undefined state. While this method may be employed viably to isolate the low bits of a value, this usage is rare, and truncation usually implies that an implementation error has occurred.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Truncation"", Page 259."
296 CWE-252,Unchecked Return Value (Type: Base),"The software does not check the return value from a method or function, which can prevent it from detecting unexpected states and conditions.
297 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Program Building Blocks"" Page 341.
233298 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 20, ""Checking Returns"" Page 624
234299 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183
235300 ERR10-CPP. Check for error conditions: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/cplusplus/ERR10-CPP.+Check+for+error+conditions"
236 CWE-253,Incorrect Check of Function Return Value (Type: Base),"The software incorrectly checks a return value from a function, which prevents the software from detecting errors or exceptional conditions.","Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Return Value Testing and Interpretation"", Page 340."
237 CWE-296,Improper Following of a Certificates Chain of Trust (Type: Base),"The software does not follow, or incorrectly follows, the chain of trust for a certificate back to a trusted root certificate, resulting in incorrect trust of any resource that is associated with that certificate.","If a system does not follow the chain of trust of a certificate to a root server, the certificate loses all usefulness as a metric of trust. Essentially, the trust gained from a certificate is derived from a chain of trust -- with a reputable trusted entity at the end of that list. The end user must trust that reputable source, and this reputable source must vouch for the resource in question through the medium of the certificate.
301 CWE-253,Incorrect Check of Function Return Value (Type: Base),"The software incorrectly checks a return value from a function, which prevents the software from detecting errors or exceptional conditions.
302 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Return Value Testing and Interpretation"", Page 340."
303 CWE-296,Improper Following of a Certificates Chain of Trust (Type: Base),"The software does not follow, or incorrectly follows, the chain of trust for a certificate back to a trusted root certificate, resulting in incorrect trust of any resource that is associated with that certificate.
304 If a system does not follow the chain of trust of a certificate to a root server, the certificate loses all usefulness as a metric of trust. Essentially, the trust gained from a certificate is derived from a chain of trust -- with a reputable trusted entity at the end of that list. The end user must trust that reputable source, and this reputable source must vouch for the resource in question through the medium of the certificate.
238305 In some cases, this trust traverses several entities who vouch for one another. The entity trusted by the end user is at one end of this trust chain, while the certificate-wielding resource is at the other end of the chain. If the user receives a certificate at the end of one of these trust chains and then proceeds to check only that the first link in the chain, no real trust has been derived, since the entire chain must be traversed back to a trusted source to verify the certificate.
239306 There are several ways in which the chain of trust might be broken, including but not limited to:
240307 Any certificate in the chain is self-signed, unless it the root.
242309 An intermediate, CA-signed certificate does not have the expected Basic Constraints or other important extensions.
243310 The root certificate has been compromised or authorized to the wrong party.",,Low,"The Most Dangerous Code in the World: Validating SSL Certificates in Non-Browser Software: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~shmat/shmat_ccs12.pdf
244311 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
245 CWE-298,Improper Validation of Certificate Expiration (Type: Variant),"A certificate expiration is not validated or is incorrectly validated, so trust may be assigned to certificates that have been abandoned due to age.","When the expiration of a certificate is not taken into account, no trust has necessarily been conveyed through it. Therefore, the validity of the certificate cannot be verified and all benefit of the certificate is lost.",,Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
246 CWE-324,Use of a Key Past its Expiration Date (Type: Base),"The product uses a cryptographic key or password past its expiration date, which diminishes its safety significantly by increasing the timing window for cracking attacks against that key.","While the expiration of keys does not necessarily ensure that they are compromised, it is a significant concern that keys which remain in use for prolonged periods of time have a decreasing probability of integrity. For this reason, it is important to replace keys within a period of time proportional to their strength.",,Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
247 CWE-379,Creation of Temporary File in Directory with Incorrect Permissions (Type: Base),The software creates a temporary file in a directory whose permissions allow unintended actors to determine the file's existence or otherwise access that file.,"On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Temporary Files"", Page 538."
248 CWE-462,Duplicate Key in Associative List (Alist) (Type: Base),Duplicate keys in associative lists can lead to non-unique keys being mistaken for an error.,"A duplicate key entry -- if the alist is designed properly -- could be used as a constant time replace function. However, duplicate key entries could be inserted by mistake. Because of this ambiguity, duplicate key entries in an association list are not recommended and should not be allowed.",,Low,
249 CWE-479,Signal Handler Use of a Non-reentrant Function (Type: Variant),The program defines a signal handler that calls a non-reentrant function.,"Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
312 CWE-298,Improper Validation of Certificate Expiration (Type: Variant),"A certificate expiration is not validated or is incorrectly validated, so trust may be assigned to certificates that have been abandoned due to age.
313 When the expiration of a certificate is not taken into account, no trust has necessarily been conveyed through it. Therefore, the validity of the certificate cannot be verified and all benefit of the certificate is lost.",,Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
314 CWE-324,Use of a Key Past its Expiration Date (Type: Base),"The product uses a cryptographic key or password past its expiration date, which diminishes its safety significantly by increasing the timing window for cracking attacks against that key.
315 While the expiration of keys does not necessarily ensure that they are compromised, it is a significant concern that keys which remain in use for prolonged periods of time have a decreasing probability of integrity. For this reason, it is important to replace keys within a period of time proportional to their strength.",,Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
316 CWE-379,Creation of Temporary File in Directory with Incorrect Permissions (Type: Base),"The software creates a temporary file in a directory whose permissions allow unintended actors to determine the file's existence or otherwise access that file.
317 On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Temporary Files"", Page 538."
318 CWE-462,Duplicate Key in Associative List (Alist) (Type: Base),"Duplicate keys in associative lists can lead to non-unique keys being mistaken for an error.
319 A duplicate key entry -- if the alist is designed properly -- could be used as a constant time replace function. However, duplicate key entries could be inserted by mistake. Because of this ambiguity, duplicate key entries in an association list are not recommended and should not be allowed.",,Low,
320 CWE-479,Signal Handler Use of a Non-reentrant Function (Type: Variant),"The program defines a signal handler that calls a non-reentrant function.
321 Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
250322 Many functions are not reentrant, but some of them can result in the corruption of memory if they are used in a signal handler. The function call syslog() is an example of this. In order to perform its functionality, it allocates a small amount of memory as ""scratch space."" If syslog() is suspended by a signal call and the signal handler calls syslog(), the memory used by both of these functions enters an undefined, and possibly, exploitable state. Implementations of malloc() and free() manage metadata in global structures in order to track which memory is allocated versus which memory is available, but they are non-reentrant. Simultaneous calls to these functions can cause corruption of the metadata.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Signal Vulnerabilities"", Page 791."
251 CWE-480,Use of Incorrect Operator (Type: Base),"The programmer accidentally uses the wrong operator, which changes the application logic in security-relevant ways.","Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
323 CWE-480,Use of Incorrect Operator (Type: Base),"The programmer accidentally uses the wrong operator, which changes the application logic in security-relevant ways.
324 Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
252325 Many functions are not reentrant, but some of them can result in the corruption of memory if they are used in a signal handler. The function call syslog() is an example of this. In order to perform its functionality, it allocates a small amount of memory as ""scratch space."" If syslog() is suspended by a signal call and the signal handler calls syslog(), the memory used by both of these functions enters an undefined, and possibly, exploitable state. Implementations of malloc() and free() manage metadata in global structures in order to track which memory is allocated versus which memory is available, but they are non-reentrant. Simultaneous calls to these functions can cause corruption of the metadata.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
253 CWE-481,Assigning instead of Comparing (Type: Variant),The code uses an operator for assignment when the intention was to perform a comparison.,"In many languages the compare statement is very close in appearance to the assignment statement and are often confused. This bug is generally the result of a typo and usually causes obvious problems with program execution. If the comparison is in an if statement, the if statement will usually evaluate the value of the right-hand side of the predicate.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
254 CWE-482,Comparing instead of Assigning (Type: Variant),The code uses an operator for comparison when the intention was to perform an assignment.,"In many languages, the compare statement is very close in appearance to the assignment statement; they are often confused.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
255 CWE-483,Incorrect Block Delimitation (Type: Variant),"The code does not explicitly delimit a block that is intended to contain 2 or more statements, creating a logic error.","In some languages, braces (or other delimiters) are optional for blocks. When the delimiter is omitted, it is possible to insert a logic error in which a statement is thought to be in a block but is not. In some cases, the logic error can have security implications.",,Low,
256 CWE-641,Improper Restriction of Names for Files and Other Resources (Type: Base),"The application constructs the name of a file or other resource using input from an upstream component, but does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the resulting name.","This may produce resultant weaknesses. For instance, if the names of these resources contain scripting characters, it is possible that a script may get executed in the client's browser if the application ever displays the name of the resource on a dynamically generated web page. Alternately, if the resources are consumed by some application parser, a specially crafted name can exploit some vulnerability internal to the parser, potentially resulting in execution of arbitrary code on the server machine. The problems will vary based on the context of usage of such malformed resource names and whether vulnerabilities are present in or assumptions are made by the targeted technology that would make code execution possible.",,Low,
257 CWE-648,Incorrect Use of Privileged APIs (Type: Base),The application does not conform to the API requirements for a function call that requires extra privileges. This could allow attackers to gain privileges by causing the function to be called incorrectly.,"When an application contains certain functions that perform operations requiring an elevated level of privilege, the caller of a privileged API must be careful to:
326 CWE-481,Assigning instead of Comparing (Type: Variant),"The code uses an operator for assignment when the intention was to perform a comparison.
327 In many languages the compare statement is very close in appearance to the assignment statement and are often confused. This bug is generally the result of a typo and usually causes obvious problems with program execution. If the comparison is in an if statement, the if statement will usually evaluate the value of the right-hand side of the predicate.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
328 CWE-482,Comparing instead of Assigning (Type: Variant),"The code uses an operator for comparison when the intention was to perform an assignment.
329 In many languages, the compare statement is very close in appearance to the assignment statement; they are often confused.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
330 CWE-483,Incorrect Block Delimitation (Type: Variant),"The code does not explicitly delimit a block that is intended to contain 2 or more statements, creating a logic error.
331 In some languages, braces (or other delimiters) are optional for blocks. When the delimiter is omitted, it is possible to insert a logic error in which a statement is thought to be in a block but is not. In some cases, the logic error can have security implications.",,Low,
332 CWE-641,Improper Restriction of Names for Files and Other Resources (Type: Base),"The application constructs the name of a file or other resource using input from an upstream component, but does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the resulting name.
333 This may produce resultant weaknesses. For instance, if the names of these resources contain scripting characters, it is possible that a script may get executed in the client's browser if the application ever displays the name of the resource on a dynamically generated web page. Alternately, if the resources are consumed by some application parser, a specially crafted name can exploit some vulnerability internal to the parser, potentially resulting in execution of arbitrary code on the server machine. The problems will vary based on the context of usage of such malformed resource names and whether vulnerabilities are present in or assumptions are made by the targeted technology that would make code execution possible.",,Low,
334 CWE-648,Incorrect Use of Privileged APIs (Type: Base),"The application does not conform to the API requirements for a function call that requires extra privileges. This could allow attackers to gain privileges by causing the function to be called incorrectly.
335 When an application contains certain functions that perform operations requiring an elevated level of privilege, the caller of a privileged API must be careful to:
258336 ensure that assumptions made by the APIs are valid, such as validity of arguments
259337 account for known weaknesses in the design/implementation of the API
260338 call the API from a safe context
261339 If the caller of the API does not follow these requirements, then it may allow a malicious user or process to elevate their privilege, hijack the process, or steal sensitive data.
262340 For instance, it is important to know if privileged APIs do not shed their privileges before returning to the caller or if the privileged function might make certain assumptions about the data, context or state information passed to it by the caller. It is important to always know when and how privileged APIs can be called in order to ensure that their elevated level of privilege cannot be exploited.",,Low,
263 CWE-762,Mismatched Memory Management Routines (Type: Variant),"The application attempts to return a memory resource to the system, but it calls a release function that is not compatible with the function that was originally used to allocate that resource.","This weakness can be generally described as mismatching memory management routines, such as:
341 CWE-762,Mismatched Memory Management Routines (Type: Variant),"The application attempts to return a memory resource to the system, but it calls a release function that is not compatible with the function that was originally used to allocate that resource.
342 This weakness can be generally described as mismatching memory management routines, such as:
264343 The memory was allocated on the stack (automatically), but it was deallocated using the memory management routine free() (CWE-590), which is intended for explicitly allocated heap memory.
265344 The memory was allocated explicitly using one set of memory management functions, and deallocated using a different set. For example, memory might be allocated with malloc() in C++ instead of the new operator, and then deallocated with the delete operator.
266345 When the memory management functions are mismatched, the consequences may be as severe as code execution, memory corruption, or program crash. Consequences and ease of exploit will vary depending on the implementation of the routines and the object being managed.",,Low,"boost C++ Library Smart Pointers: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_38_0/libs/smart_ptr/smart_ptr.htm
267346 Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/"
268 CWE-783,Operator Precedence Logic Error (Type: Variant),The program uses an expression in which operator precedence causes incorrect logic to be used.,"While often just a bug, operator precedence logic errors can have serious consequences if they are used in security-critical code, such as making an authentication decision.",,Low,"EXP00-C. Use parentheses for precedence of operation: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/EXP00-C.+Use+parentheses+for+precedence+of+operation
347 CWE-783,Operator Precedence Logic Error (Type: Variant),"The program uses an expression in which operator precedence causes incorrect logic to be used.
348 While often just a bug, operator precedence logic errors can have serious consequences if they are used in security-critical code, such as making an authentication decision.",,Low,"EXP00-C. Use parentheses for precedence of operation: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/EXP00-C.+Use+parentheses+for+precedence+of+operation
269349 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Precedence"", Page 287."
270 CWE-789,Uncontrolled Memory Allocation (Type: Variant),"The product allocates memory based on an untrusted size value, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates the size, allowing arbitrary amounts of memory to be allocated.","This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. These problems may be resultant from missing sentinel values (CWE-463) or trusting a user-influenced input length variable.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
271 CWE-333,Improper Handling of Insufficient Entropy in TRNG (Type: Variant),True random number generators (TRNG) generally have a limited source of entropy and therefore can fail or block.,The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Low to Medium,
272 CWE-367,Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (Type: Base),"The software checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check. This can cause the software to perform invalid actions when the resource is in an unexpected state.","This weakness can be security-relevant when an attacker can influence the state of the resource between check and use. This can happen with shared resources such as files, memory, or even variables in multithreaded programs.",,Low to Medium,"Portably Solving File TOCTTOU Races with Hardness Amplification: http://www.usenix.org/events/fast08/tech/tsafrir.html
350 CWE-789,Uncontrolled Memory Allocation (Type: Variant),"The product allocates memory based on an untrusted size value, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates the size, allowing arbitrary amounts of memory to be allocated.
351 This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. These problems may be resultant from missing sentinel values (CWE-463) or trusting a user-influenced input length variable.",,Low,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
352 CWE-333,Improper Handling of Insufficient Entropy in TRNG (Type: Variant),"True random number generators (TRNG) generally have a limited source of entropy and therefore can fail or block.
353 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Low to Medium,
354 CWE-367,Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (Type: Base),"The software checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check. This can cause the software to perform invalid actions when the resource is in an unexpected state.
355 This weakness can be security-relevant when an attacker can influence the state of the resource between check and use. This can happen with shared resources such as files, memory, or even variables in multithreaded programs.",,Low to Medium,"Portably Solving File TOCTTOU Races with Hardness Amplification: http://www.usenix.org/events/fast08/tech/tsafrir.html
273356 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205
274357 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""TOCTOU"", Page 527."
275 CWE-404,Improper Resource Shutdown or Release (Type: Base),The program does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.,"When a resource is created or allocated, the developer is responsible for properly releasing the resource as well as accounting for all potential paths of expiration or invalidation, such as a set period of time or revocation.",,Low to Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143"
276 CWE-407,Algorithmic Complexity (Type: Base),"An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.","In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Low to Medium,Algorithmic Complexity Attacks: http://www.cs.rice.edu/~scrosby/hash/CrosbyWallach_UsenixSec2003/index.html
277 CWE-415,Double Free (Type: Variant),"The product calls free() twice on the same memory address, potentially leading to modification of unexpected memory locations.","When a program calls free() twice with the same argument, the program's memory management data structures become corrupted. This corruption can cause the program to crash or, in some circumstances, cause two later calls to malloc() to return the same pointer. If malloc() returns the same value twice and the program later gives the attacker control over the data that is written into this doubly-allocated memory, the program becomes vulnerable to a buffer overflow attack.",,Low to Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143
358 CWE-404,Improper Resource Shutdown or Release (Type: Base),"The program does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.
359 When a resource is created or allocated, the developer is responsible for properly releasing the resource as well as accounting for all potential paths of expiration or invalidation, such as a set period of time or revocation.",,Low to Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143"
360 CWE-407,Algorithmic Complexity (Type: Base),"An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.
361 In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Low to Medium,Algorithmic Complexity Attacks: http://www.cs.rice.edu/~scrosby/hash/CrosbyWallach_UsenixSec2003/index.html
362 CWE-415,Double Free (Type: Variant),"The product calls free() twice on the same memory address, potentially leading to modification of unexpected memory locations.
363 When a program calls free() twice with the same argument, the program's memory management data structures become corrupted. This corruption can cause the program to crash or, in some circumstances, cause two later calls to malloc() to return the same pointer. If malloc() returns the same value twice and the program later gives the attacker control over the data that is written into this doubly-allocated memory, the program becomes vulnerable to a buffer overflow attack.",,Low to Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143
278364 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Double Frees"", Page 379."
279 CWE-59,Improper Link Resolution Before File Access (Link Following) (Type: Base),"The software attempts to access a file based on the filename, but it does not properly prevent that filename from identifying a link or shortcut that resolves to an unintended resource.","Some functions that offer security features supported by the OS are not available on all versions of the OS in common use. Likewise, functions are often deprecated or made obsolete for security reasons and should not be used.",,Low to Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Symbolic Link Attacks"", Page 518."
280 CWE-601,URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (Open Redirect) (Type: Variant),"A web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a Redirect. This simplifies phishing attacks.","An http parameter may contain a URL value and could cause the web application to redirect the request to the specified URL. By modifying the URL value to a malicious site, an attacker may successfully launch a phishing scam and steal user credentials. Because the server name in the modified link is identical to the original site, phishing attempts have a more trustworthy appearance.",,Low to Medium,"Exploitable Redirects on the Web: Identification, Prevalence, and Defense: http://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/cshue/research/woot08.pdf
365 CWE-59,Improper Link Resolution Before File Access (Link Following) (Type: Base),"The software attempts to access a file based on the filename, but it does not properly prevent that filename from identifying a link or shortcut that resolves to an unintended resource.
366 Some functions that offer security features supported by the OS are not available on all versions of the OS in common use. Likewise, functions are often deprecated or made obsolete for security reasons and should not be used.",,Low to Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Symbolic Link Attacks"", Page 518."
367 CWE-601,URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (Open Redirect) (Type: Variant),"A web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a Redirect. This simplifies phishing attacks.
368 An http parameter may contain a URL value and could cause the web application to redirect the request to the specified URL. By modifying the URL value to a malicious site, an attacker may successfully launch a phishing scam and steal user credentials. Because the server name in the modified link is identical to the original site, phishing attempts have a more trustworthy appearance.",,Low to Medium,"Exploitable Redirects on the Web: Identification, Prevalence, and Defense: http://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/cshue/research/woot08.pdf
281369 Open redirect vulnerabilities: definition and prevention: http://www.net-security.org/dl/insecure/INSECURE-Mag-17.pdf
282370 Top 25 Series - Rank 23 - Open Redirect: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/25/top-25-series-rank-23-open-redirect
283371 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
284 CWE-749,Exposed Dangerous Method or Function (Type: Base),"The software provides an Applications Programming Interface (API) or similar interface for interaction with external actors, but the interface includes a dangerous method or function that is not properly restricted.","This weakness can lead to a wide variety of resultant weaknesses, depending on the behavior of the exposed method. It can apply to any number of technologies and approaches, such as ActiveX controls, Java functions, IOCTLs, and so on.
372 CWE-749,Exposed Dangerous Method or Function (Type: Base),"The software provides an Applications Programming Interface (API) or similar interface for interaction with external actors, but the interface includes a dangerous method or function that is not properly restricted.
373 This weakness can lead to a wide variety of resultant weaknesses, depending on the behavior of the exposed method. It can apply to any number of technologies and approaches, such as ActiveX controls, Java functions, IOCTLs, and so on.
285374 The exposure can occur in a few different ways:
286375 1) The function/method was never intended to be exposed to outside actors.
287376 2) The function/method was only intended to be accessible to a limited set of actors, such as Internet-based access from a single web site.",,Low to Medium,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
288377 No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/security.asp"
289 CWE-755,Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles an exceptional condition.,"The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
378 CWE-755,Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles an exceptional condition.
379 The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
290380 Note that this entry is not exclusively about the use of exceptions and exception handling, which are mechanisms for both checking and handling unusual or unexpected conditions.",,Low to Medium,
291 CWE-766,Critical Variable Declared Public (Type: Variant),The software declares a critical variable or field to be public when intended security policy requires it to be private.,"When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly unlocks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra calls to unlock will increase the count for the number of available resources, likely resulting in a crash or unpredictable behavior when the system nears capacity.",,Low to Medium,
292 CWE-767,Access to Critical Private Variable via Public Method (Type: Variant),The software defines a public method that reads or modifies a private variable.,"If an attacker modifies the variable to contain unexpected values, this could violate assumptions from other parts of the code. Additionally, if an attacker can read the private variable, it may expose sensitive information or make it easier to launch further attacks.",,Low to Medium,
293 CWE-776,Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs (XML Entity Expansion) (Type: Variant),"The software uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.","If the DTD contains a large number of nested or recursive entities, this can lead to explosive growth of data when parsed, causing a denial of service.",,Low to Medium,"Multiple vendors XML parser (and SOAP/WebServices server) Denial of Service attack using DTD: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/303509
381 CWE-766,Critical Variable Declared Public (Type: Variant),"The software declares a critical variable or field to be public when intended security policy requires it to be private.
382 When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly unlocks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra calls to unlock will increase the count for the number of available resources, likely resulting in a crash or unpredictable behavior when the system nears capacity.",,Low to Medium,
383 CWE-767,Access to Critical Private Variable via Public Method (Type: Variant),"The software defines a public method that reads or modifies a private variable.
384 If an attacker modifies the variable to contain unexpected values, this could violate assumptions from other parts of the code. Additionally, if an attacker can read the private variable, it may expose sensitive information or make it easier to launch further attacks.",,Low to Medium,
385 CWE-776,Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs (XML Entity Expansion) (Type: Variant),"The software uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.
386 If the DTD contains a large number of nested or recursive entities, this can lead to explosive growth of data when parsed, causing a denial of service.",,Low to Medium,"Multiple vendors XML parser (and SOAP/WebServices server) Denial of Service attack using DTD: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/303509
294387 XML security: Preventing XML bombs: http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/expert/KnowledgebaseAnswer/0,289625,sid92_gci1168442,00.html?asrc=SS_CLA_302%20%20558&psrc=CLT_92#
295388 Dismantling an XML-Bomb: http://blog.didierstevens.com/2008/09/23/dismantling-an-xml-bomb/
296389 XML Entity Expansion: http://projects.webappsec.org/XML-Entity-Expansion
297390 Tip: Configure SAX parsers for secure processing: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-tipcfsx.html
298391 XML Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/ee335713.aspx
299392 Preventing Entity Expansion Attacks in JAXB: http://blog.bdoughan.com/2011/03/preventing-entity-expansion-attacks-in.html"
300 CWE-777,Regular Expression without Anchors (Type: Variant),"The software uses a regular expression to perform neutralization, but the regular expression is not anchored and may allow malicious or malformed data to slip through.","When performing tasks such as whitelist validation, data is examined and possibly modified to ensure that it is well-formed and adheres to a list of safe values. If the regular expression is not anchored, malicious or malformed data may be included before or after any string matching the regular expression. The type of malicious data that is allowed will depend on the context of the application and which anchors are omitted from the regular expression.",,Low to Medium,
301 CWE-779,Logging of Excessive Data (Type: Base),"The software logs too much information, making log files hard to process and possibly hindering recovery efforts or forensic analysis after an attack.","While logging is a good practice in general, and very high levels of logging are appropriate for debugging stages of development, too much logging in a production environment might hinder a system administrator's ability to detect anomalous conditions. This can provide cover for an attacker while attempting to penetrate a system, clutter the audit trail for forensic analysis, or make it more difficult to debug problems in a production environment.",,Low to Medium,
302 CWE-781,Improper Address Validation in IOCTL with METHOD_NEITHER I/O Control Code (Type: Variant),"The software defines an IOCTL that uses METHOD_NEITHER for I/O, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates the addresses that are provided.","When an IOCTL uses the METHOD_NEITHER option for I/O control, it is the responsibility of the IOCTL to validate the addresses that have been supplied to it. If validation is missing or incorrect, attackers can supply arbitrary memory addresses, leading to code execution or a denial of service.",,Low to Medium,"Exploiting Common Flaws in Drivers: http://reversemode.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=38&Itemid=1
393 CWE-777,Regular Expression without Anchors (Type: Variant),"The software uses a regular expression to perform neutralization, but the regular expression is not anchored and may allow malicious or malformed data to slip through.
394 When performing tasks such as whitelist validation, data is examined and possibly modified to ensure that it is well-formed and adheres to a list of safe values. If the regular expression is not anchored, malicious or malformed data may be included before or after any string matching the regular expression. The type of malicious data that is allowed will depend on the context of the application and which anchors are omitted from the regular expression.",,Low to Medium,
395 CWE-779,Logging of Excessive Data (Type: Base),"The software logs too much information, making log files hard to process and possibly hindering recovery efforts or forensic analysis after an attack.
396 While logging is a good practice in general, and very high levels of logging are appropriate for debugging stages of development, too much logging in a production environment might hinder a system administrator's ability to detect anomalous conditions. This can provide cover for an attacker while attempting to penetrate a system, clutter the audit trail for forensic analysis, or make it more difficult to debug problems in a production environment.",,Low to Medium,
397 CWE-781,Improper Address Validation in IOCTL with METHOD_NEITHER I/O Control Code (Type: Variant),"The software defines an IOCTL that uses METHOD_NEITHER for I/O, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates the addresses that are provided.
398 When an IOCTL uses the METHOD_NEITHER option for I/O control, it is the responsibility of the IOCTL to validate the addresses that have been supplied to it. If validation is missing or incorrect, attackers can supply arbitrary memory addresses, leading to code execution or a denial of service.",,Low to Medium,"Exploiting Common Flaws in Drivers: http://reversemode.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=38&Itemid=1
303399 Remote and Local Exploitation of Network Drivers: https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-07/Bulygin/Presentation/bh-usa-07-bulygin.pdf
304400 Windows driver vulnerabilities: the METHOD_NEITHER odyssey: http://www.net-security.org/dl/insecure/INSECURE-Mag-18.pdf
305401 Buffer Descriptions for I/O Control Codes: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms795857.aspx
306402 Using Neither Buffered Nor Direct I/O: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc264614.aspx
307403 Securing Device Objects: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms794722.aspx
308404 No description: http://www.piotrbania.com/all/articles/ewdd.pdf"
309 CWE-782,Exposed IOCTL with Insufficient Access Control (Type: Variant),"The software implements an IOCTL with functionality that should be restricted, but it does not properly enforce access control for the IOCTL.","When an IOCTL contains privileged functionality and is exposed unnecessarily, attackers may be able to access this functionality by invoking the IOCTL. Even if the functionality is benign, if the programmer has assumed that the IOCTL would only be accessed by a trusted process, there may be little or no validation of the incoming data, exposing weaknesses that would never be reachable if the attacker cannot call the IOCTL directly.
405 CWE-782,Exposed IOCTL with Insufficient Access Control (Type: Variant),"The software implements an IOCTL with functionality that should be restricted, but it does not properly enforce access control for the IOCTL.
406 When an IOCTL contains privileged functionality and is exposed unnecessarily, attackers may be able to access this functionality by invoking the IOCTL. Even if the functionality is benign, if the programmer has assumed that the IOCTL would only be accessed by a trusted process, there may be little or no validation of the incoming data, exposing weaknesses that would never be reachable if the attacker cannot call the IOCTL directly.
310407 The implementations of IOCTLs will differ between operating system types and versions, so the methods of attack and prevention may vary widely.",,Low to Medium,Securing Device Objects: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms794722.aspx
311 CWE-117,Improper Output Neutralization for Logs (Type: Base),The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes output that is written to logs.,"This can allow an attacker to forge log entries or inject malicious content into logs.
408 CWE-117,Improper Output Neutralization for Logs (Type: Base),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes output that is written to logs.
409 This can allow an attacker to forge log entries or inject malicious content into logs.
312410 Log forging vulnerabilities occur when:
313411 Data enters an application from an untrusted source.
314412 The data is written to an application or system log file.",,Medium,"Exploiting Software: How to Break Code
315413 The night the log was forged: http://doc.novsu.ac.ru/oreilly/tcpip/puis/ch10_05.htm
316414 OWASP TOP 10: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007"
317 CWE-124,Buffer Underwrite (Buffer Underflow) (Type: Base),The software writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location prior to the beginning of the buffer.,"This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used.",,Medium,"Buffer UNDERFLOWS: What do you know about it?: http://seclists.org/vuln-dev/2004/Jan/0022.html
415 CWE-124,Buffer Underwrite (Buffer Underflow) (Type: Base),"The software writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location prior to the beginning of the buffer.
416 This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used.",,Medium,"Buffer UNDERFLOWS: What do you know about it?: http://seclists.org/vuln-dev/2004/Jan/0022.html
318417 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
319 CWE-128,Wrap-around Error (Type: Base),"Wrap around errors occur whenever a value is incremented past the maximum value for its type and therefore ""wraps around"" to a very small, negative, or undefined value.","This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
418 CWE-128,Wrap-around Error (Type: Base),"Wrap around errors occur whenever a value is incremented past the maximum value for its type and therefore ""wraps around"" to a very small, negative, or undefined value.
419 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
320420 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Signed Integer Boundaries"", Page 220."
321 CWE-170,Improper Null Termination (Type: Base),The software does not terminate or incorrectly terminates a string or array with a null character or equivalent terminator.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Medium,
322 CWE-190,Integer Overflow or Wraparound (Type: Base),"The software performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound, when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This can introduce other weaknesses when the calculation is used for resource management or execution control.","An integer overflow or wraparound occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may wrap to become a very small or negative number. While this may be intended behavior in circumstances that rely on wrapping, it can have security consequences if the wrap is unexpected. This is especially the case if the integer overflow can be triggered using user-supplied inputs. This becomes security-critical when the result is used to control looping, make a security decision, or determine the offset or size in behaviors such as memory allocation, copying, concatenation, etc.",,Medium,"An overview of common programming security vulnerabilities and possible solutions: http://fort-knox.org/thesis.pdf
421 CWE-170,Improper Null Termination (Type: Base),"The software does not terminate or incorrectly terminates a string or array with a null character or equivalent terminator.
422 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Medium,
423 CWE-190,Integer Overflow or Wraparound (Type: Base),"The software performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound, when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This can introduce other weaknesses when the calculation is used for resource management or execution control.
424 An integer overflow or wraparound occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may wrap to become a very small or negative number. While this may be intended behavior in circumstances that rely on wrapping, it can have security consequences if the wrap is unexpected. This is especially the case if the integer overflow can be triggered using user-supplied inputs. This becomes security-critical when the result is used to control looping, make a security decision, or determine the offset or size in behaviors such as memory allocation, copying, concatenation, etc.",,Medium,"An overview of common programming security vulnerabilities and possible solutions: http://fort-knox.org/thesis.pdf
323425 Basic Integer Overflows: http://www.phrack.org/issues.html?issue=60&id=10#article
324426 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 20, ""Integer Overflows"" Page 620
325427 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 7: Integer Overflows."" Page 119
326428 SafeInt: http://safeint.codeplex.com/
327429 Top 25 Series - Rank 17 - Integer Overflow Or Wraparound: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/18/top-25-series-rank-17-integer-overflow-or-wraparound
328430 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Signed Integer Boundaries"", Page 220."
329 CWE-196,Unsigned to Signed Conversion Error (Type: Variant),An unsigned-to-signed conversion error takes place when a large unsigned primitive is used as a signed value.,It is dangerous to rely on implicit casts between signed and unsigned numbers because the result can take on an unexpected value and violate assumptions made by the program.,,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
330 CWE-202,Exposure of Sensitive Data Through Data Queries (Type: Variant),"When trying to keep information confidential, an attacker can often infer some of the information by using statistics.","In situations where data should not be tied to individual users, but a large number of users should be able to make queries that ""scrub"" the identity of users, it may be possible to get information about a user -- e.g., by specifying search terms that are known to be unique to that user.",,Medium,
331 CWE-250,Execution with Unnecessary Privileges (Type: Class),"The software performs an operation at a privilege level that is higher than the minimum level required, which creates new weaknesses or amplifies the consequences of other weaknesses.","New weaknesses can be exposed because running with extra privileges, such as root or Administrator, can disable the normal security checks being performed by the operating system or surrounding environment. Other pre-existing weaknesses can turn into security vulnerabilities if they occur while operating at raised privileges.
431 CWE-196,Unsigned to Signed Conversion Error (Type: Variant),"An unsigned-to-signed conversion error takes place when a large unsigned primitive is used as a signed value.
432 It is dangerous to rely on implicit casts between signed and unsigned numbers because the result can take on an unexpected value and violate assumptions made by the program.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
433 CWE-202,Exposure of Sensitive Data Through Data Queries (Type: Variant),"When trying to keep information confidential, an attacker can often infer some of the information by using statistics.
434 In situations where data should not be tied to individual users, but a large number of users should be able to make queries that ""scrub"" the identity of users, it may be possible to get information about a user -- e.g., by specifying search terms that are known to be unique to that user.",,Medium,
435 CWE-250,Execution with Unnecessary Privileges (Type: Class),"The software performs an operation at a privilege level that is higher than the minimum level required, which creates new weaknesses or amplifies the consequences of other weaknesses.
436 New weaknesses can be exposed because running with extra privileges, such as root or Administrator, can disable the normal security checks being performed by the operating system or surrounding environment. Other pre-existing weaknesses can turn into security vulnerabilities if they occur while operating at raised privileges.
332437 Privilege management functions can behave in some less-than-obvious ways, and they have different quirks on different platforms. These inconsistencies are particularly pronounced if you are transitioning from one non-root user to another. Signal handlers and spawned processes run at the privilege of the owning process, so if a process is running as root when a signal fires or a sub-process is executed, the signal handler or sub-process will operate with root privileges.",,Medium,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
333438 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
334439 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 7, ""Running with Least Privilege"" Page 207
335440 Federal Desktop Core Configuration: http://nvd.nist.gov/fdcc/index.cfm
336441 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
337442 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Privilege Vulnerabilities"", Page 477."
338 CWE-269,Improper Privilege Management (Type: Base),"The software does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.","Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
443 CWE-269,Improper Privilege Management (Type: Base),"The software does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.
444 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 16: Executing Code With Too Much Privilege."" Page 243
339445 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Dropping Privileges Permanently"", Page 479."
340 CWE-273,Improper Check for Dropped Privileges (Type: Base),The software attempts to drop privileges but does not check or incorrectly checks to see if the drop succeeded.,"If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Medium,
341 CWE-276,Incorrect Default Permissions (Type: Variant),"The software, upon installation, sets incorrect permissions for an object that exposes it to an unintended actor.","If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Insecure Defaults"", Page 69."
342 CWE-299,Improper Check for Certificate Revocation (Type: Variant),"The software does not check or incorrectly checks the revocation status of a certificate, which may cause it to use a certificate that has been compromised.","An improper check for certificate revocation is a far more serious flaw than related certificate failures. This is because the use of any revoked certificate is almost certainly malicious. The most common reason for certificate revocation is compromise of the system in question, with the result that no legitimate servers will be using a revoked certificate, unless they are sorely out of sync.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
343 CWE-301,Reflection Attack in an Authentication Protocol (Type: Variant),Simple authentication protocols are subject to reflection attacks if a malicious user can use the target machine to impersonate a trusted user.,"A mutual authentication protocol requires each party to respond to a random challenge by the other party by encrypting it with a pre-shared key. Often, however, such protocols employ the same pre-shared key for communication with a number of different entities. A malicious user or an attacker can easily compromise this protocol without possessing the correct key by employing a reflection attack on the protocol.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Insufficient Validation"", Page 38."
344 CWE-329,Not Using a Random IV with CBC Mode (Type: Variant),Not using a random initialization Vector (IV) with Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) Mode causes algorithms to be susceptible to dictionary attacks.,"This weakness is especially dangerous when the hash is used in security algorithms that require the one-way property to hold. For example, if an authentication system takes an incoming password and generates a hash, then compares the hash to another hash that it has stored in its authentication database, then the ability to create a collision could allow an attacker to provide an alternate password that produces the same target hash, bypassing authentication.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Initialization Vectors"", Page 42."
345 CWE-332,Insufficient Entropy in PRNG (Type: Variant),"The lack of entropy available for, or used by, a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) can be a stability and security threat.","When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Medium,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
346 CWE-338,Use of Cryptographically Weak PRNG (Type: Base),"The product uses a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) in a security context, but the PRNG is not cryptographically strong.",The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
347 CWE-353,Missing Support for Integrity Check (Type: Base),"The software uses a transmission protocol that does not include a mechanism for verifying the integrity of the data during transmission, such as a checksum.","If integrity check values or ""checksums"" are omitted from a protocol, there is no way of determining if data has been corrupted in transmission. The lack of checksum functionality in a protocol removes the first application-level check of data that can be used. The end-to-end philosophy of checks states that integrity checks should be performed at the lowest level that they can be completely implemented. Excluding further sanity checks and input validation performed by applications, the protocol's checksum is the most important level of checksum, since it can be performed more completely than at any previous level and takes into account entire messages, as opposed to single packets.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231"
348 CWE-354,Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value (Type: Base),"The software does not validate or incorrectly validates the integrity check values or ""checksums"" of a message. This may prevent it from detecting if the data has been modified or corrupted in transmission.",Improper validation of checksums before use results in an unnecessary risk that can easily be mitigated. The protocol specification describes the algorithm used for calculating the checksum. It is then a simple matter of implementing the calculation and verifying that the calculated checksum and the received checksum match. Improper verification of the calculated checksum and the received checksum can lead to far greater consequences.,,Medium,
349 CWE-362,Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (Race Condition) (Type: Class),"The program contains a code sequence that can run concurrently with other code, and the code sequence requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence that is operating concurrently.","This can have security implications when the expected synchronization is in security-critical code, such as recording whether a user is authenticated or modifying important state information that should not be influenced by an outsider.
446 CWE-273,Improper Check for Dropped Privileges (Type: Base),"The software attempts to drop privileges but does not check or incorrectly checks to see if the drop succeeded.
447 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Medium,
448 CWE-276,Incorrect Default Permissions (Type: Variant),"The software, upon installation, sets incorrect permissions for an object that exposes it to an unintended actor.
449 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Insecure Defaults"", Page 69."
450 CWE-299,Improper Check for Certificate Revocation (Type: Variant),"The software does not check or incorrectly checks the revocation status of a certificate, which may cause it to use a certificate that has been compromised.
451 An improper check for certificate revocation is a far more serious flaw than related certificate failures. This is because the use of any revoked certificate is almost certainly malicious. The most common reason for certificate revocation is compromise of the system in question, with the result that no legitimate servers will be using a revoked certificate, unless they are sorely out of sync.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 23: Improper Use of PKI, Especially SSL."" Page 347"
452 CWE-301,Reflection Attack in an Authentication Protocol (Type: Variant),"Simple authentication protocols are subject to reflection attacks if a malicious user can use the target machine to impersonate a trusted user.
453 A mutual authentication protocol requires each party to respond to a random challenge by the other party by encrypting it with a pre-shared key. Often, however, such protocols employ the same pre-shared key for communication with a number of different entities. A malicious user or an attacker can easily compromise this protocol without possessing the correct key by employing a reflection attack on the protocol.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Insufficient Validation"", Page 38."
454 CWE-329,Not Using a Random IV with CBC Mode (Type: Variant),"Not using a random initialization Vector (IV) with Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) Mode causes algorithms to be susceptible to dictionary attacks.
455 This weakness is especially dangerous when the hash is used in security algorithms that require the one-way property to hold. For example, if an authentication system takes an incoming password and generates a hash, then compares the hash to another hash that it has stored in its authentication database, then the ability to create a collision could allow an attacker to provide an alternate password that produces the same target hash, bypassing authentication.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Initialization Vectors"", Page 42."
456 CWE-332,Insufficient Entropy in PRNG (Type: Variant),"The lack of entropy available for, or used by, a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) can be a stability and security threat.
457 When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Medium,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
458 CWE-338,Use of Cryptographically Weak PRNG (Type: Base),"The product uses a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) in a security context, but the PRNG is not cryptographically strong.
459 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
460 CWE-353,Missing Support for Integrity Check (Type: Base),"The software uses a transmission protocol that does not include a mechanism for verifying the integrity of the data during transmission, such as a checksum.
461 If integrity check values or ""checksums"" are omitted from a protocol, there is no way of determining if data has been corrupted in transmission. The lack of checksum functionality in a protocol removes the first application-level check of data that can be used. The end-to-end philosophy of checks states that integrity checks should be performed at the lowest level that they can be completely implemented. Excluding further sanity checks and input validation performed by applications, the protocol's checksum is the most important level of checksum, since it can be performed more completely than at any previous level and takes into account entire messages, as opposed to single packets.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231"
462 CWE-354,Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value (Type: Base),"The software does not validate or incorrectly validates the integrity check values or ""checksums"" of a message. This may prevent it from detecting if the data has been modified or corrupted in transmission.
463 Improper validation of checksums before use results in an unnecessary risk that can easily be mitigated. The protocol specification describes the algorithm used for calculating the checksum. It is then a simple matter of implementing the calculation and verifying that the calculated checksum and the received checksum match. Improper verification of the calculated checksum and the received checksum can lead to far greater consequences.",,Medium,
464 CWE-362,Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (Race Condition) (Type: Class),"The program contains a code sequence that can run concurrently with other code, and the code sequence requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence that is operating concurrently.
465 This can have security implications when the expected synchronization is in security-critical code, such as recording whether a user is authenticated or modifying important state information that should not be influenced by an outsider.
350466 A race condition occurs within concurrent environments, and is effectively a property of a code sequence. Depending on the context, a code sequence may be in the form of a function call, a small number of instructions, a series of program invocations, etc.
351467 A race condition violates these properties, which are closely related:
352468 Exclusivity - the code sequence is given exclusive access to the shared resource, i.e., no other code sequence can modify properties of the shared resource before the original sequence has completed execution.
363479 Avoiding Race Conditions and Insecure File Operations: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Security/Conceptual/SecureCodingGuide/Articles/RaceConditions.html
364480 Top 25 Series - Rank 25 - Race Conditions: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/26/top-25-series-rank-25-race-conditions/
365481 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
366 CWE-364,Signal Handler Race Condition (Type: Base),The software uses a signal handler that introduces a race condition.,"Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
482 CWE-364,Signal Handler Race Condition (Type: Base),"The software uses a signal handler that introduces a race condition.
483 Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
367484 These issues occur when non-reentrant functions, or state-sensitive actions occur in the signal handler, where they may be called at any time. These behaviors can violate assumptions being made by the ""regular"" code that is interrupted, or by other signal handlers that may also be invoked. If these functions are called at an inopportune moment - such as while a non-reentrant function is already running - memory corruption could occur that may be exploitable for code execution. Another signal race condition commonly found occurs when free is called within a signal handler, resulting in a double free and therefore a write-what-where condition. Even if a given pointer is set to NULL after it has been freed, a race condition still exists between the time the memory was freed and the pointer was set to NULL. This is especially problematic if the same signal handler has been set for more than one signal -- since it means that the signal handler itself may be reentered.
368485 There are several known behaviors related to signal handlers that have received the label of ""signal handler race condition"":
369486 Shared state (e.g. global data or static variables) that are accessible to both a signal handler and ""regular"" code
380497 Race Condition: Signal Handling: http://www.fortify.com/vulncat/en/vulncat/cpp/race_condition_signal_handling.html
381498 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205
382499 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Signal Vulnerabilities"", Page 791."
383 CWE-365,Race Condition in Switch (Type: Base),"The code contains a switch statement in which the switched variable can be modified while the switch is still executing, resulting in unexpected behavior.","Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
500 CWE-365,Race Condition in Switch (Type: Base),"The code contains a switch statement in which the switched variable can be modified while the switch is still executing, resulting in unexpected behavior.
501 Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
384502 These issues occur when non-reentrant functions, or state-sensitive actions occur in the signal handler, where they may be called at any time. These behaviors can violate assumptions being made by the ""regular"" code that is interrupted, or by other signal handlers that may also be invoked. If these functions are called at an inopportune moment - such as while a non-reentrant function is already running - memory corruption could occur that may be exploitable for code execution. Another signal race condition commonly found occurs when free is called within a signal handler, resulting in a double free and therefore a write-what-where condition. Even if a given pointer is set to NULL after it has been freed, a race condition still exists between the time the memory was freed and the pointer was set to NULL. This is especially problematic if the same signal handler has been set for more than one signal -- since it means that the signal handler itself may be reentered.
385503 There are several known behaviors related to signal handlers that have received the label of ""signal handler race condition"":
386504 Shared state (e.g. global data or static variables) that are accessible to both a signal handler and ""regular"" code
394512 Using synchronization in the signal handler
395513 Using synchronization in the regular code
396514 Disabling or masking other signals, which provides atomicity (which effectively ensures exclusivity)",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
397 CWE-366,Race Condition within a Thread (Type: Base),"If two threads of execution use a resource simultaneously, there exists the possibility that resources may be used while invalid, in turn making the state of execution undefined.","Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
515 CWE-366,Race Condition within a Thread (Type: Base),"If two threads of execution use a resource simultaneously, there exists the possibility that resources may be used while invalid, in turn making the state of execution undefined.
516 Race conditions frequently occur in signal handlers, since signal handlers support asynchronous actions. These race conditions have a variety of root causes and symptoms. Attackers may be able to exploit a signal handler race condition to cause the software state to be corrupted, possibly leading to a denial of service or even code execution.
398517 These issues occur when non-reentrant functions, or state-sensitive actions occur in the signal handler, where they may be called at any time. These behaviors can violate assumptions being made by the ""regular"" code that is interrupted, or by other signal handlers that may also be invoked. If these functions are called at an inopportune moment - such as while a non-reentrant function is already running - memory corruption could occur that may be exploitable for code execution. Another signal race condition commonly found occurs when free is called within a signal handler, resulting in a double free and therefore a write-what-where condition. Even if a given pointer is set to NULL after it has been freed, a race condition still exists between the time the memory was freed and the pointer was set to NULL. This is especially problematic if the same signal handler has been set for more than one signal -- since it means that the signal handler itself may be reentered.
399518 There are several known behaviors related to signal handlers that have received the label of ""signal handler race condition"":
400519 Shared state (e.g. global data or static variables) that are accessible to both a signal handler and ""regular"" code
409528 Using synchronization in the regular code
410529 Disabling or masking other signals, which provides atomicity (which effectively ensures exclusivity)",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205
411530 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Race Conditions"", Page 759."
412 CWE-369,Divide By Zero (Type: Base),The product divides a value by zero.,"This weakness typically occurs when an unexpected value is provided to the product, or if an error occurs that is not properly detected. It frequently occurs in calculations involving physical dimensions such as size, length, width, and height.",,Medium,"No description: http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/exceptions.html
531 CWE-369,Divide By Zero (Type: Base),"The product divides a value by zero.
532 This weakness typically occurs when an unexpected value is provided to the product, or if an error occurs that is not properly detected. It frequently occurs in calculations involving physical dimensions such as size, length, width, and height.",,Medium,"No description: http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/exceptions.html
413533 No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms173160(VS.80).aspx"
414 CWE-370,Missing Check for Certificate Revocation after Initial Check (Type: Base),"The software does not check the revocation status of a certificate after its initial revocation check, which can cause the software to perform privileged actions even after the certificate is revoked at a later time.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
415 CWE-374,Passing Mutable Objects to an Untrusted Method (Type: Base),"Sending non-cloned mutable data as an argument may result in that data being altered or deleted by the called function, thereby putting the calling function into an undefined state.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,"Does Java pass by reference or pass by value?: http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javaqa/2000-05/03-qa-0526-pass.html
534 CWE-370,Missing Check for Certificate Revocation after Initial Check (Type: Base),"The software does not check the revocation status of a certificate after its initial revocation check, which can cause the software to perform privileged actions even after the certificate is revoked at a later time.
535 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
536 CWE-374,Passing Mutable Objects to an Untrusted Method (Type: Base),"Sending non-cloned mutable data as an argument may result in that data being altered or deleted by the called function, thereby putting the calling function into an undefined state.
537 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,"Does Java pass by reference or pass by value?: http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javaqa/2000-05/03-qa-0526-pass.html
416538 Java: The Complete Reference, J2SE 5th Edition"
417 CWE-375,Returning a Mutable Object to an Untrusted Caller (Type: Base),"Sending non-cloned mutable data as a return value may result in that data being altered or deleted by the calling function, thereby putting the class in an undefined state.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,
418 CWE-385,Covert Timing Channel (Type: Base),"Covert timing channels convey information by modulating some aspect of system behavior over time, so that the program receiving the information can observe system behavior and infer protected information.","In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
539 CWE-375,Returning a Mutable Object to an Untrusted Caller (Type: Base),"Sending non-cloned mutable data as a return value may result in that data being altered or deleted by the calling function, thereby putting the class in an undefined state.
540 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Medium,
541 CWE-385,Covert Timing Channel (Type: Base),"Covert timing channels convey information by modulating some aspect of system behavior over time, so that the program receiving the information can observe system behavior and infer protected information.
542 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
419543 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Medium,
420 CWE-390,Detection of Error Condition Without Action (Type: Class),"The software detects a specific error, but takes no actions to handle the error.","In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
544 CWE-390,Detection of Error Condition Without Action (Type: Class),"The software detects a specific error, but takes no actions to handle the error.
545 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
421546 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183"
422 CWE-391,Unchecked Error Condition (Type: Base),Ignoring exceptions and other error conditions may allow an attacker to induce unexpected behavior unnoticed.,"In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
547 CWE-391,Unchecked Error Condition (Type: Base),"Ignoring exceptions and other error conditions may allow an attacker to induce unexpected behavior unnoticed.
548 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
423549 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Medium,
424 CWE-401,Improper Release of Memory Before Removing Last Reference (Memory Leak) (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently track and release allocated memory after it has been used, which slowly consumes remaining memory.",This is often triggered by improper handling of malformed data or unexpectedly interrupted sessions.,,Medium,How to Break Software Security
425 CWE-460,Improper Cleanup on Thrown Exception (Type: Variant),"The product does not clean up its state or incorrectly cleans up its state when an exception is thrown, leading to unexpected state or control flow.","In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Medium,
426 CWE-468,Incorrect Pointer Scaling (Type: Base),"In C and C++, one may often accidentally refer to the wrong memory due to the semantics of when math operations are implicitly scaled.","Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Pointer Arithmetic"", Page 277."
427 CWE-469,Use of Pointer Subtraction to Determine Size (Type: Base),"The application subtracts one pointer from another in order to determine size, but this calculation can be incorrect if the pointers do not exist in the same memory chunk.","Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Medium,
428 CWE-476,NULL Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"A NULL pointer dereference occurs when the application dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid, but is NULL, typically causing a crash or exit.","NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Medium,
429 CWE-484,Omitted Break Statement in Switch (Type: Base),"The program omits a break statement within a switch or similar construct, causing code associated with multiple conditions to execute. This can cause problems when the programmer only intended to execute code associated with one condition.",This can lead to critical code executing in situations where it should not.,,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Switch Statements"", Page 337."
430 CWE-487,Reliance on Package-level Scope (Type: Variant),"Java packages are not inherently closed; therefore, relying on them for code security is not a good practice.","If the decision to trust the methods and data of an object is based on the name of a class, it is possible for malicious users to send objects of the same name as trusted classes and thereby gain the trust afforded to known classes and types.",,Medium,
431 CWE-492,Use of Inner Class Containing Sensitive Data (Type: Variant),Inner classes are translated into classes that are accessible at package scope and may expose code that the programmer intended to keep private to attackers.,"Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
550 CWE-401,Improper Release of Memory Before Removing Last Reference (Memory Leak) (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently track and release allocated memory after it has been used, which slowly consumes remaining memory.
551 This is often triggered by improper handling of malformed data or unexpectedly interrupted sessions.",,Medium,How to Break Software Security
552 CWE-460,Improper Cleanup on Thrown Exception (Type: Variant),"The product does not clean up its state or incorrectly cleans up its state when an exception is thrown, leading to unexpected state or control flow.
553 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Medium,
554 CWE-468,Incorrect Pointer Scaling (Type: Base),"In C and C++, one may often accidentally refer to the wrong memory due to the semantics of when math operations are implicitly scaled.
555 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Pointer Arithmetic"", Page 277."
556 CWE-469,Use of Pointer Subtraction to Determine Size (Type: Base),"The application subtracts one pointer from another in order to determine size, but this calculation can be incorrect if the pointers do not exist in the same memory chunk.
557 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Medium,
558 CWE-476,NULL Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"A NULL pointer dereference occurs when the application dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid, but is NULL, typically causing a crash or exit.
559 NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Medium,
560 CWE-484,Omitted Break Statement in Switch (Type: Base),"The program omits a break statement within a switch or similar construct, causing code associated with multiple conditions to execute. This can cause problems when the programmer only intended to execute code associated with one condition.
561 This can lead to critical code executing in situations where it should not.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Switch Statements"", Page 337."
562 CWE-487,Reliance on Package-level Scope (Type: Variant),"Java packages are not inherently closed; therefore, relying on them for code security is not a good practice.
563 If the decision to trust the methods and data of an object is based on the name of a class, it is possible for malicious users to send objects of the same name as trusted classes and thereby gain the trust afforded to known classes and types.",,Medium,
564 CWE-492,Use of Inner Class Containing Sensitive Data (Type: Variant),"Inner classes are translated into classes that are accessible at package scope and may expose code that the programmer intended to keep private to attackers.
565 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
432566 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Medium,
433 CWE-494,Download of Code Without Integrity Check (Type: Base),The product downloads source code or an executable from a remote location and executes the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code.,"An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Medium,"Introduction to Code Signing: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537361(VS.85).aspx
567 CWE-494,Download of Code Without Integrity Check (Type: Base),"The product downloads source code or an executable from a remote location and executes the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code.
568 An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Medium,"Introduction to Code Signing: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537361(VS.85).aspx
434569 Authenticode: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537359(v=VS.85).aspx
435570 Code Signing Guide: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Security/Conceptual/CodeSigningGuide/Introduction/chapter_1_section_1.html
436571 Secure Software Updates: Disappointments and New Challenges: http://prisms.cs.umass.edu/~kevinfu/papers/secureupdates-hotsec06.pdf
437572 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 18: The Sins of Mobile Code."" Page 267
438573 Top 25 Series - Rank 20 - Download of Code Without Integrity Check: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/04/05/top-25-series-rank-20-download-code-integrity-check/
439574 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
440 CWE-498,Cloneable Class Containing Sensitive Information (Type: Variant),"The code contains a class with sensitive data, but the class is cloneable. The data can then be accessed by cloning the class.","Cloneable classes are effectively open classes, since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny cloning can be cloned by any other class without running the constructor.",,Medium,
441 CWE-502,Deserialization of Untrusted Data (Type: Variant),The application deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently verifying that the resulting data will be valid.,"It is often convenient to serialize objects for communication or to save them for later use. However, deserialized data or code can often be modified without using the provided accessor functions if it does not use cryptography to protect itself. Furthermore, any cryptography would still be client-side security -- which is a dangerous security assumption.
575 CWE-498,Cloneable Class Containing Sensitive Information (Type: Variant),"The code contains a class with sensitive data, but the class is cloneable. The data can then be accessed by cloning the class.
576 Cloneable classes are effectively open classes, since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny cloning can be cloned by any other class without running the constructor.",,Medium,
577 CWE-502,Deserialization of Untrusted Data (Type: Variant),"The application deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently verifying that the resulting data will be valid.
578 It is often convenient to serialize objects for communication or to save them for later use. However, deserialized data or code can often be modified without using the provided accessor functions if it does not use cryptography to protect itself. Furthermore, any cryptography would still be client-side security -- which is a dangerous security assumption.
442579 Data that is untrusted can not be trusted to be well-formed.",,Medium,"Unserializing user-supplied data, a bad idea: http://heine.familiedeelstra.com/security/unserialize
443580 Why Python Pickle is Insecure: http://nadiana.com/python-pickle-insecure"
444 CWE-532,Information Exposure Through Log Files (Type: Variant),Information written to log files can be of a sensitive nature and give valuable guidance to an attacker or expose sensitive user information.,"While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Medium,
445 CWE-602,Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security (Type: Base),The software is composed of a server that relies on the client to implement a mechanism that is intended to protect the server.,"When the server relies on protection mechanisms placed on the client side, an attacker can modify the client-side behavior to bypass the protection mechanisms resulting in potentially unexpected interactions between the client and server. The consequences will vary, depending on what the mechanisms are trying to protect.",,Medium,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 23, ""Client-Side Security Is an Oxymoron"" Page 687"
446 CWE-665,Improper Initialization (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize or incorrectly initializes a resource, which might leave the resource in an unexpected state when it is accessed or used.","This can have security implications when the associated resource is expected to have certain properties or values, such as a variable that determines whether a user has been authenticated or not.",,Medium,"Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
581 CWE-532,Information Exposure Through Log Files (Type: Variant),"Information written to log files can be of a sensitive nature and give valuable guidance to an attacker or expose sensitive user information.
582 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Medium,
583 CWE-602,Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security (Type: Base),"The software is composed of a server that relies on the client to implement a mechanism that is intended to protect the server.
584 When the server relies on protection mechanisms placed on the client side, an attacker can modify the client-side behavior to bypass the protection mechanisms resulting in potentially unexpected interactions between the client and server. The consequences will vary, depending on what the mechanisms are trying to protect.",,Medium,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 23, ""Client-Side Security Is an Oxymoron"" Page 687"
585 CWE-665,Improper Initialization (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize or incorrectly initializes a resource, which might leave the resource in an unexpected state when it is accessed or used.
586 This can have security implications when the associated resource is expected to have certain properties or values, such as a variable that determines whether a user has been authenticated or not.",,Medium,"Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
447587 MS08-014 : The Case of the Uninitialized Stack Variable Vulnerability: http://blogs.technet.com/swi/archive/2008/03/11/the-case-of-the-uninitialized-stack-variable-vulnerability.aspx
448588 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
449 CWE-754,Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),The software does not check or improperly checks for unusual or exceptional conditions that are not expected to occur frequently during day to day operation of the software.,"The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
589 CWE-754,Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),"The software does not check or improperly checks for unusual or exceptional conditions that are not expected to occur frequently during day to day operation of the software.
590 The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
450591 Note that this entry is not exclusively about the use of exceptions and exception handling, which are mechanisms for both checking and handling unusual or unexpected conditions.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Program Building Blocks"" Page 341
451592 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 1, ""Exceptional Conditions,"" Page 22
452593 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183
453594 Top 25 Series - Rank 15 - Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/15/top-25-series-rank-15-improper-check-for-unusual-or-exceptional-conditions/"
454 CWE-778,Insufficient Logging (Type: Base),"When a security-critical event occurs, the software either does not record the event or omits important details about the event when logging it.","When security-critical events are not logged properly, such as a failed login attempt, this can make malicious behavior more difficult to detect and may hinder forensic analysis after an attack succeeds.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Accountability"", Page 40."
455 CWE-780,Use of RSA Algorithm without OAEP (Type: Variant),"The software uses the RSA algorithm but does not incorporate Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP), which might weaken the encryption.",Padding schemes are often used with cryptographic algorithms to make the plaintext less predictable and complicate attack efforts. The OAEP scheme is often used with RSA to nullify the impact of predictable common text.,,Medium,"RSA Problem: http://people.csail.mit.edu/rivest/RivestKaliski-RSAProblem.pdf
595 CWE-778,Insufficient Logging (Type: Base),"When a security-critical event occurs, the software either does not record the event or omits important details about the event when logging it.
596 When security-critical events are not logged properly, such as a failed login attempt, this can make malicious behavior more difficult to detect and may hinder forensic analysis after an attack succeeds.",,Medium,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Accountability"", Page 40."
597 CWE-780,Use of RSA Algorithm without OAEP (Type: Variant),"The software uses the RSA algorithm but does not incorporate Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP), which might weaken the encryption.
598 Padding schemes are often used with cryptographic algorithms to make the plaintext less predictable and complicate attack efforts. The OAEP scheme is often used with RSA to nullify the impact of predictable common text.",,Medium,"RSA Problem: http://people.csail.mit.edu/rivest/RivestKaliski-RSAProblem.pdf
456599 Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_Asymmetric_Encryption_Padding"
457 CWE-908,Use of Uninitialized Resource (Type: Base),The software uses a resource that has not been properly initialized.,This can have security implications when the associated resource is expected to have certain properties or values.,,Medium,Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
458 CWE-909,Missing Initialization of Resource (Type: Base),The software does not initialize a critical resource.,"Many resources require initialization before they can be properly used. If a resource is not initialized, it could contain unpredictable or expired data, or it could be initialized to defaults that are invalid. This can have security implications when the resource is expected to have certain properties or values.",,Medium,
459 CWE-910,Use of Expired File Descriptor (Type: Base),The software uses or accesses a file descriptor after it has been closed.,"After a file descriptor for a particular file or device has been released, it can be reused. The code might not write to the original file, since the reused file descriptor might reference a different file or device.",,Medium,
460 CWE-911,Improper Update of Reference Count (Type: Base),"The software uses a reference count to manage a resource, but it does not update or incorrectly updates the reference count.","Reference counts can be used when tracking how many objects contain a reference to a particular resource, such as in memory management or garbage collection. When the reference count reaches zero, the resource can be de-allocated or reused because there are no more objects that use it. If the reference count accidentally reaches zero, then the resource might be released too soon, even though it is still in use. If all objects no longer use the resource, but the reference count is not zero, then the resource might not ever be released.",,Medium,Windows Kernel Reference Count Vulnerabilities - Case Study: http://j00ru.vexillium.org/dump/zn_slides.pdf
461 CWE-94,Improper Control of Generation of Code (Code Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.","When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution.
600 CWE-908,Use of Uninitialized Resource (Type: Base),"The software uses a resource that has not been properly initialized.
601 This can have security implications when the associated resource is expected to have certain properties or values.",,Medium,Exploiting Uninitialized Data: http://www.felinemenace.org/~mercy/papers/UBehavior/UBehavior.zip
602 CWE-909,Missing Initialization of Resource (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize a critical resource.
603 Many resources require initialization before they can be properly used. If a resource is not initialized, it could contain unpredictable or expired data, or it could be initialized to defaults that are invalid. This can have security implications when the resource is expected to have certain properties or values.",,Medium,
604 CWE-910,Use of Expired File Descriptor (Type: Base),"The software uses or accesses a file descriptor after it has been closed.
605 After a file descriptor for a particular file or device has been released, it can be reused. The code might not write to the original file, since the reused file descriptor might reference a different file or device.",,Medium,
606 CWE-911,Improper Update of Reference Count (Type: Base),"The software uses a reference count to manage a resource, but it does not update or incorrectly updates the reference count.
607 Reference counts can be used when tracking how many objects contain a reference to a particular resource, such as in memory management or garbage collection. When the reference count reaches zero, the resource can be de-allocated or reused because there are no more objects that use it. If the reference count accidentally reaches zero, then the resource might be released too soon, even though it is still in use. If all objects no longer use the resource, but the reference count is not zero, then the resource might not ever be released.",,Medium,Windows Kernel Reference Count Vulnerabilities - Case Study: http://j00ru.vexillium.org/dump/zn_slides.pdf
608 CWE-94,Improper Control of Generation of Code (Code Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
609 When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution.
462610 Injection problems encompass a wide variety of issues -- all mitigated in very different ways. For this reason, the most effective way to discuss these weaknesses is to note the distinct features which classify them as injection weaknesses. The most important issue to note is that all injection problems share one thing in common -- i.e., they allow for the injection of control plane data into the user-controlled data plane. This means that the execution of the process may be altered by sending code in through legitimate data channels, using no other mechanism. While buffer overflows, and many other flaws, involve the use of some further issue to gain execution, injection problems need only for the data to be parsed. The most classic instantiations of this category of weakness are SQL injection and format string vulnerabilities.",,Medium,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 3: Web-Client Related Vulnerabilities (XSS)."" Page 63"
463 CWE-95,Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code (Eval Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. ""eval"").","This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Medium,"No description: http://www.rubycentral.com/book/taint.html
611 CWE-95,Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code (Eval Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. ""eval"").
612 This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Medium,"No description: http://www.rubycentral.com/book/taint.html
464613 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 18, ""Inline Evaluation"", Page 1095."
465 CWE-287,Improper Authentication (Type: Class),"When an actor claims to have a given identity, the software does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.",Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.,,Medium to High,"Weak Password Brings 'Happiness' to Twitter Hacker: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/01/professed-twitt/
614 CWE-287,Improper Authentication (Type: Class),"When an actor claims to have a given identity, the software does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
615 Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.",,Medium to High,"Weak Password Brings 'Happiness' to Twitter Hacker: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/01/professed-twitt/
466616 Top 10 2007-Broken Authentication and Session Management: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007-A7
467617 Guide to Authentication: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Guide_to_Authentication
468618 Authentication: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa374735(VS.85).aspx
469619 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 4, ""Authentication"" Page 109"
470 CWE-306,Missing Authentication for Critical Function (Type: Variant),The software does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.,"Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authentication,"" Page 36
620 CWE-306,Missing Authentication for Critical Function (Type: Variant),"The software does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
621 Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Authentication,"" Page 36
471622 Top 25 Series - Rank 19 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/02/23/top-25-series-rank-19-missing-authentication-for-critical-function/
472623 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
473 CWE-319,Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information (Type: Base),The software transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.,"Many communication channels can be ""sniffed"" by attackers during data transmission. For example, network traffic can often be sniffed by any attacker who has access to a network interface. This significantly lowers the difficulty of exploitation by attackers.",,Medium to High,"Top 10 2007-Insecure Communications: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007-A9
624 CWE-319,Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information (Type: Base),"The software transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.
625 Many communication channels can be ""sniffed"" by attackers during data transmission. For example, network traffic can often be sniffed by any attacker who has access to a network interface. This significantly lowers the difficulty of exploitation by attackers.",,Medium to High,"Top 10 2007-Insecure Communications: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007-A9
474626 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
475627 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 22: Failing to Protect Network Traffic."" Page 337
476628 Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/"
477 CWE-327,Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm (Type: Base),The use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm is an unnecessary risk that may result in the exposure of sensitive information.,The use of a non-standard algorithm is dangerous because a determined attacker may be able to break the algorithm and compromise whatever data has been protected. Well-known techniques may exist to break the algorithm.,,Medium to High,"Applied Cryptography: http://www.schneier.com/book-applied.html
629 CWE-327,Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm (Type: Base),"The use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm is an unnecessary risk that may result in the exposure of sensitive information.
630 The use of a non-standard algorithm is dangerous because a determined attacker may be able to break the algorithm and compromise whatever data has been protected. Well-known techniques may exist to break the algorithm.",,Medium to High,"Applied Cryptography: http://www.schneier.com/book-applied.html
478631 Handbook of Applied Cryptography: http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/
479632 Avoiding bogus encryption products: Snake Oil FAQ: http://www.faqs.org/faqs/cryptography-faq/snake-oil/
480633 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
483636 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 21: Using the Wrong Cryptography."" Page 315
484637 Top 25 Series - Rank 24 - Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/25/top-25-series-rank-24-use-of-a-broken-or-risky-cryptographic-algorithm/
485638 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Insufficient or Obsolete Encryption"", Page 44."
486 CWE-330,Use of Insufficiently Random Values (Type: Class),The software may use insufficiently random numbers or values in a security context that depends on unpredictable numbers.,"When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Medium to High,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
639 CWE-330,Use of Insufficiently Random Values (Type: Class),"The software may use insufficiently random numbers or values in a security context that depends on unpredictable numbers.
640 When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Medium to High,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
487641 Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
488642 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 8, ""Using Poor Random Numbers"" Page 259
489643 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
490 CWE-400,Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (Resource Exhaustion) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly restrict the size or amount of resources that are requested or influenced by an actor, which can be used to consume more resources than intended.","Limited resources include memory, file system storage, database connection pool entries, or CPU. If an attacker can trigger the allocation of these limited resources, but the number or size of the resources is not controlled, then the attacker could cause a denial of service that consumes all available resources. This would prevent valid users from accessing the software, and it could potentially have an impact on the surrounding environment. For example, a memory exhaustion attack against an application could slow down the application as well as its host operating system.
644 CWE-400,Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (Resource Exhaustion) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly restrict the size or amount of resources that are requested or influenced by an actor, which can be used to consume more resources than intended.
645 Limited resources include memory, file system storage, database connection pool entries, or CPU. If an attacker can trigger the allocation of these limited resources, but the number or size of the resources is not controlled, then the attacker could cause a denial of service that consumes all available resources. This would prevent valid users from accessing the software, and it could potentially have an impact on the surrounding environment. For example, a memory exhaustion attack against an application could slow down the application as well as its host operating system.
491646 Resource exhaustion problems have at least two common causes:
492647 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances
493648 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for releasing the resource",,Medium to High,"Detection and Prediction of Resource-Exhaustion Vulnerabilities: http://homepages.di.fc.ul.pt/~nuno/PAPERS/ISSRE08.pdf
494649 Resource exhaustion: http://cr.yp.to/docs/resources.html
495650 Resource exhaustion: http://homes.cerias.purdue.edu/~pmeunier/secprog/sanitized/class1/6.resource%20exhaustion.ppt
496651 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 17, ""Protecting Against Denial of Service Attacks"" Page 517"
497 CWE-434,Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (Type: Base),The software allows the attacker to upload or transfer files of dangerous types that can be automatically processed within the product's environment.,"If code is stored in a file with an extension such as "".inc"" or "".pl"", and the web server does not have a handler for that extension, then the server will likely send the contents of the file directly to the requester without the pre-processing that was expected. When that file contains sensitive information such as database credentials, this may allow the attacker to compromise the application or associated components.",,Medium to High,"Dynamic File Uploads, Security and You: http://shsc.info/FileUploadSecurity
652 CWE-434,Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (Type: Base),"The software allows the attacker to upload or transfer files of dangerous types that can be automatically processed within the product's environment.
653 If code is stored in a file with an extension such as "".inc"" or "".pl"", and the web server does not have a handler for that extension, then the server will likely send the contents of the file directly to the requester without the pre-processing that was expected. When that file contains sensitive information such as database credentials, this may allow the attacker to compromise the application or associated components.",,Medium to High,"Dynamic File Uploads, Security and You: http://shsc.info/FileUploadSecurity
498654 8 Basic Rules to Implement Secure File Uploads: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2009/12/28/8-basic-rules-to-implement-secure-file-uploads/
499655 Top 25 Series - Rank 8 - Unrestricted Upload of Dangerous File Type: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/02/25/top-25-series-rank-8-unrestricted-upload-of-dangerous-file-type/
500656 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
501657 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""File Uploading"", Page 1068."
502 CWE-64,Windows Shortcut Following (.LNK) (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently handle when the file is a Windows shortcut (.LNK) whose target is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.",The shortcut (file with the .lnk extension) can permit an attacker to read/write a file that they originally did not have permissions to access.,,Medium to High,
503 CWE-681,Incorrect Conversion between Numeric Types (Type: Base),"When converting from one data type to another, such as long to integer, data can be omitted or translated in a way that produces unexpected values. If the resulting values are used in a sensitive context, then dangerous behaviors may occur.","Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
504 CWE-732,Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource (Type: Class),The software specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.,"When a resource is given a permissions setting that provides access to a wider range of actors than required, it could lead to the exposure of sensitive information, or the modification of that resource by unintended parties. This is especially dangerous when the resource is related to program configuration, execution or sensitive user data.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""File Permissions."" Page 495.
658 CWE-64,Windows Shortcut Following (.LNK) (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently handle when the file is a Windows shortcut (.LNK) whose target is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.
659 The shortcut (file with the .lnk extension) can permit an attacker to read/write a file that they originally did not have permissions to access.",,Medium to High,
660 CWE-681,Incorrect Conversion between Numeric Types (Type: Base),"When converting from one data type to another, such as long to integer, data can be omitted or translated in a way that produces unexpected values. If the resulting values are used in a sensitive context, then dangerous behaviors may occur.
661 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
662 CWE-732,Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource (Type: Class),"The software specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.
663 When a resource is given a permissions setting that provides access to a wider range of actors than required, it could lead to the exposure of sensitive information, or the modification of that resource by unintended parties. This is especially dangerous when the resource is related to program configuration, execution or sensitive user data.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""File Permissions."" Page 495.
505664 Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way: Chapter 8, ""Access Control."" Page 194.
506665 Top 25 Series - Rank 21 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Response: http://software-security.sans.org/blog/2010/03/24/top-25-series-rank-21-incorrect-permission-assignment-for-critical-response
507666 Federal Desktop Core Configuration: http://nvd.nist.gov/fdcc/index.cfm"
508 CWE-770,Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling (Type: Base),"The software allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any restrictions on how many resources can be allocated, in violation of the intended security policy for that actor.","Command injection vulnerabilities typically occur when:
667 CWE-770,Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling (Type: Base),"The software allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any restrictions on how many resources can be allocated, in violation of the intended security policy for that actor.
668 Command injection vulnerabilities typically occur when:
509669 1. Data enters the application from an untrusted source.
510670 2. The data is part of a string that is executed as a command by the application.
511671 3. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Medium to High,"Real-Life Example of a 'Business Logic Defect' (Screen Shots!): http://h30501.www3.hp.com/t5/Following-the-White-Rabbit-A/Real-Life-Example-of-a-Business-Logic-Defect-Screen-Shots/ba-p/22581
515675 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 17, ""Protecting Against Denial of Service Attacks"" Page 517
516676 Top 25 Series - Rank 22 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/23/top-25-series-rank-22-allocation-of-resources-without-limits-or-throttling/
517677 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
518 CWE-771,Missing Reference to Active Allocated Resource (Type: Base),"The software does not properly maintain a reference to a resource that has been allocated, which prevents the resource from being reclaimed.","This does not necessarily apply in languages or frameworks that automatically perform garbage collection, since the removal of all references may act as a signal that the resource is ready to be reclaimed.",,Medium to High,
519 CWE-772,Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime (Type: Base),"The software does not release a resource after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the resource is no longer needed.","When a resource is not released after use, it can allow attackers to cause a denial of service.",,Medium to High,
520 CWE-773,Missing Reference to Active File Descriptor or Handle (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly maintain references to a file descriptor or handle, which prevents that file descriptor/handle from being reclaimed.","This can cause the software to consume all available file descriptors or handles, which can prevent other processes from performing critical file processing operations.",,Medium to High,
521 CWE-774,Allocation of File Descriptors or Handles Without Limits or Throttling (Type: Variant),"The software allocates file descriptors or handles on behalf of an actor without imposing any restrictions on how many descriptors can be allocated, in violation of the intended security policy for that actor.","This can cause the software to consume all available file descriptors or handles, which can prevent other processes from performing critical file processing operations.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
522 CWE-775,Missing Release of File Descriptor or Handle after Effective Lifetime (Type: Variant),"The software does not release a file descriptor or handle after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the file descriptor/handle is no longer needed.","When a file descriptor or handle is not released after use (typically by explicitly closing it), attackers can cause a denial of service by consuming all available file descriptors/handles, or otherwise preventing other system processes from obtaining their own file descriptors/handles.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""File Descriptor Leaks"", Page 582."
523 CWE-804,Guessable CAPTCHA (Type: Base),"The software uses a CAPTCHA challenge, but the challenge can be guessed or automatically recognized by a non-human actor.","An automated attacker could bypass the intended protection of the CAPTCHA challenge and perform actions at a higher frequency than humanly possible, such as launching spam attacks.
678 CWE-771,Missing Reference to Active Allocated Resource (Type: Base),"The software does not properly maintain a reference to a resource that has been allocated, which prevents the resource from being reclaimed.
679 This does not necessarily apply in languages or frameworks that automatically perform garbage collection, since the removal of all references may act as a signal that the resource is ready to be reclaimed.",,Medium to High,
680 CWE-772,Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime (Type: Base),"The software does not release a resource after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the resource is no longer needed.
681 When a resource is not released after use, it can allow attackers to cause a denial of service.",,Medium to High,
682 CWE-773,Missing Reference to Active File Descriptor or Handle (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly maintain references to a file descriptor or handle, which prevents that file descriptor/handle from being reclaimed.
683 This can cause the software to consume all available file descriptors or handles, which can prevent other processes from performing critical file processing operations.",,Medium to High,
684 CWE-774,Allocation of File Descriptors or Handles Without Limits or Throttling (Type: Variant),"The software allocates file descriptors or handles on behalf of an actor without imposing any restrictions on how many descriptors can be allocated, in violation of the intended security policy for that actor.
685 This can cause the software to consume all available file descriptors or handles, which can prevent other processes from performing critical file processing operations.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""Resource Limits"", Page 574."
686 CWE-775,Missing Release of File Descriptor or Handle after Effective Lifetime (Type: Variant),"The software does not release a file descriptor or handle after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the file descriptor/handle is no longer needed.
687 When a file descriptor or handle is not released after use (typically by explicitly closing it), attackers can cause a denial of service by consuming all available file descriptors/handles, or otherwise preventing other system processes from obtaining their own file descriptors/handles.",,Medium to High,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""File Descriptor Leaks"", Page 582."
688 CWE-804,Guessable CAPTCHA (Type: Base),"The software uses a CAPTCHA challenge, but the challenge can be guessed or automatically recognized by a non-human actor.
689 An automated attacker could bypass the intended protection of the CAPTCHA challenge and perform actions at a higher frequency than humanly possible, such as launching spam attacks.
524690 There can be several different causes of a guessable CAPTCHA:
525691 An audio or visual image that does not have sufficient distortion from the unobfuscated source image.
526692 A question is generated that with a format that can be automatically recognized, such as a math question.
527693 A question for which the number of possible answers is limited, such as birth years or favorite sports teams.
528694 A general-knowledge or trivia question for which the answer can be accessed using a data base, such as country capitals or popular actors.
529695 Other data associated with the CAPTCHA may provide hints about its contents, such as an image whose filename contains the word that is used in the CAPTCHA.",,Medium to High,Insufficient Anti-automation: http://projects.webappsec.org/Insufficient+Anti-automation
530 CWE-805,Buffer Access with Incorrect Length Value (Type: Base),"The software uses a sequential operation to read or write a buffer, but it uses an incorrect length value that causes it to access memory that is outside of the bounds of the buffer.","When the length value exceeds the size of the destination, a buffer overflow could occur.",,Medium to High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 6, ""Why ACLs Are Important"" Page 171
696 CWE-805,Buffer Access with Incorrect Length Value (Type: Base),"The software uses a sequential operation to read or write a buffer, but it uses an incorrect length value that causes it to access memory that is outside of the bounds of the buffer.
697 When the length value exceeds the size of the destination, a buffer overflow could occur.",,Medium to High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 6, ""Why ACLs Are Important"" Page 171
531698 Address Space Layout Randomization in Windows Vista: http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_howard/archive/2006/05/26/address-space-layout-randomization-in-windows-vista.aspx
532699 Limiting buffer overflows with ExecShield: http://www.redhat.com/magazine/009jul05/features/execshield/
533700 PaX: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PaX
536703 Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
537704 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx
538705 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
539 CWE-806,Buffer Access Using Size of Source Buffer (Type: Variant),"The software uses the size of a source buffer when reading from or writing to a destination buffer, which may cause it to access memory that is outside of the bounds of the buffer.","When the size of the destination is smaller than the size of the source, a buffer overflow could occur.",,Medium to High,"Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
706 CWE-806,Buffer Access Using Size of Source Buffer (Type: Variant),"The software uses the size of a source buffer when reading from or writing to a destination buffer, which may cause it to access memory that is outside of the bounds of the buffer.
707 When the size of the destination is smaller than the size of the source, a buffer overflow could occur.",,Medium to High,"Using the Strsafe.h Functions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647466.aspx
540708 Safe C String Library v1.0.3: http://www.zork.org/safestr/
541709 Address Space Layout Randomization in Windows Vista: http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_howard/archive/2006/05/26/address-space-layout-randomization-in-windows-vista.aspx
542710 Limiting buffer overflows with ExecShield: http://www.redhat.com/magazine/009jul05/features/execshield/
543711 PaX: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PaX
544712 Understanding DEP as a mitigation technology part 1: http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2009/06/12/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1.aspx"
545 CWE-807,Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"The application uses a protection mechanism that relies on the existence or values of an input, but the input can be modified by an untrusted actor in a way that bypasses the protection mechanism.","Developers may assume that inputs such as cookies, environment variables, and hidden form fields cannot be modified. However, an attacker could change these inputs using customized clients or other attacks. This change might not be detected. When security decisions such as authentication and authorization are made based on the values of these inputs, attackers can bypass the security of the software.
713 CWE-807,Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"The application uses a protection mechanism that relies on the existence or values of an input, but the input can be modified by an untrusted actor in a way that bypasses the protection mechanism.
714 Developers may assume that inputs such as cookies, environment variables, and hidden form fields cannot be modified. However, an attacker could change these inputs using customized clients or other attacks. This change might not be detected. When security decisions such as authentication and authorization are made based on the values of these inputs, attackers can bypass the security of the software.
546715 Without sufficient encryption, integrity checking, or other mechanism, any input that originates from an outsider cannot be trusted.",,Medium to High,"Top 25 Series - Rank 6 - Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/05/top-25-series-rank-6-reliance-on-untrusted-inputs-in-a-security-decision/
547716 HMAC: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hmac
548717 Understanding ASP.NET View State: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms972976.aspx
549718 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
550 CWE-93,Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences (CRLF Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses CRLF (carriage return line feeds) as a special element, e.g. to separate lines or records, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CRLF sequences from inputs.","Since an implicit intent does not specify a particular application to receive the data, any application can process the intent by using an Intent Filter for that intent. This can allow untrusted applications to obtain sensitive data.",,Medium to High,CRLF Injection: http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq&m=102088154213630&w=2
551 CWE-102,Struts: Duplicate Validation Forms (Type: Variant),"The application uses multiple validation forms with the same name, which might cause the Struts Validator to validate a form that the programmer does not expect.","If two validation forms have the same name, the Struts Validator arbitrarily chooses one of the forms to use for input validation and discards the other. This decision might not correspond to the programmer's expectations, possibly leading to resultant weaknesses. Moreover, it indicates that the validation logic is not up-to-date, and can indicate that other, more subtle validation errors are present.",,Unknown,
552 CWE-103,Struts: Incomplete validate() Method Definition (Type: Variant),"The application has a validator form that either does not define a validate() method, or defines a validate() method but does not call super.validate().","If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
553 CWE-104,Struts: Form Bean Does Not Extend Validation Class (Type: Variant),"If a form bean does not extend an ActionForm subclass of the Validator framework, it can expose the application to other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.","If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
554 CWE-105,Struts: Form Field Without Validator (Type: Variant),"The application has a form field that is not validated by a corresponding validation form, which can introduce other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.","If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
555 CWE-106,Struts: Plug-in Framework not in Use (Type: Variant),"When an application does not use an input validation framework such as the Struts Validator, there is a greater risk of introducing weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.","If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
556 CWE-107,Struts: Unused Validation Form (Type: Variant),An unused validation form indicates that validation logic is not up-to-date.,It is easy for developers to forget to update validation logic when they remove or rename action form mappings. One indication that validation logic is not being properly maintained is the presence of an unused validation form.,,Unknown,
557 CWE-108,Struts: Unvalidated Action Form (Type: Variant),Every Action Form must have a corresponding validation form.,"If a Struts Action Form Mapping specifies a form, it must have a validation form defined under the Struts Validator.",,Unknown,
558 CWE-109,Struts: Validator Turned Off (Type: Variant),"Automatic filtering via a Struts bean has been turned off, which disables the Struts Validator and custom validation logic. This exposes the application to other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.","If a Struts Action Form Mapping specifies a form, it must have a validation form defined under the Struts Validator.",,Unknown,
559 CWE-11,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Creating Debug Binary (Type: Variant),Debugging messages help attackers learn about the system and plan a form of attack.,ASP .NET applications can be configured to produce debug binaries. These binaries give detailed debugging messages and should not be used in production environments. Debug binaries are meant to be used in a development or testing environment and can pose a security risk if they are deployed to production.,,Unknown,
560 CWE-110,Struts: Validator Without Form Field (Type: Variant),Validation fields that do not appear in forms they are associated with indicate that the validation logic is out of date.,It is easy for developers to forget to update validation logic when they make changes to an ActionForm class. One indication that validation logic is not being properly maintained is inconsistencies between the action form and the validation form.,,Unknown,
561 CWE-111,Direct Use of Unsafe JNI (Type: Base),"When a Java application uses the Java Native Interface (JNI) to call code written in another programming language, it can expose the application to weaknesses in that code, even if those weaknesses cannot occur in Java.","Many safety features that programmers may take for granted simply do not apply for native code, so you must carefully review all such code for potential problems. The languages used to implement native code may be more susceptible to buffer overflows and other attacks. Native code is unprotected by the security features enforced by the runtime environment, such as strong typing and array bounds checking.",,Unknown,"Fortify Descriptions: http://vulncat.fortifysoftware.com
719 CWE-93,Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences (CRLF Injection) (Type: Base),"The software uses CRLF (carriage return line feeds) as a special element, e.g. to separate lines or records, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CRLF sequences from inputs.
720 Since an implicit intent does not specify a particular application to receive the data, any application can process the intent by using an Intent Filter for that intent. This can allow untrusted applications to obtain sensitive data.",,Medium to High,CRLF Injection: http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq&m=102088154213630&w=2
721 CWE-102,Struts: Duplicate Validation Forms (Type: Variant),"The application uses multiple validation forms with the same name, which might cause the Struts Validator to validate a form that the programmer does not expect.
722 If two validation forms have the same name, the Struts Validator arbitrarily chooses one of the forms to use for input validation and discards the other. This decision might not correspond to the programmer's expectations, possibly leading to resultant weaknesses. Moreover, it indicates that the validation logic is not up-to-date, and can indicate that other, more subtle validation errors are present.",,Unknown,
723 CWE-103,Struts: Incomplete validate() Method Definition (Type: Variant),"The application has a validator form that either does not define a validate() method, or defines a validate() method but does not call super.validate().
724 If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
725 CWE-104,Struts: Form Bean Does Not Extend Validation Class (Type: Variant),"If a form bean does not extend an ActionForm subclass of the Validator framework, it can expose the application to other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.
726 If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
727 CWE-105,Struts: Form Field Without Validator (Type: Variant),"The application has a form field that is not validated by a corresponding validation form, which can introduce other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.
728 If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
729 CWE-106,Struts: Plug-in Framework not in Use (Type: Variant),"When an application does not use an input validation framework such as the Struts Validator, there is a greater risk of introducing weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.
730 If you do not call super.validate(), the Validation Framework cannot check the contents of the form against a validation form. In other words, the validation framework will be disabled for the given form.",,Unknown,
731 CWE-107,Struts: Unused Validation Form (Type: Variant),"An unused validation form indicates that validation logic is not up-to-date.
732 It is easy for developers to forget to update validation logic when they remove or rename action form mappings. One indication that validation logic is not being properly maintained is the presence of an unused validation form.",,Unknown,
733 CWE-108,Struts: Unvalidated Action Form (Type: Variant),"Every Action Form must have a corresponding validation form.
734 If a Struts Action Form Mapping specifies a form, it must have a validation form defined under the Struts Validator.",,Unknown,
735 CWE-109,Struts: Validator Turned Off (Type: Variant),"Automatic filtering via a Struts bean has been turned off, which disables the Struts Validator and custom validation logic. This exposes the application to other weaknesses related to insufficient input validation.
736 If a Struts Action Form Mapping specifies a form, it must have a validation form defined under the Struts Validator.",,Unknown,
737 CWE-11,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Creating Debug Binary (Type: Variant),"Debugging messages help attackers learn about the system and plan a form of attack.
738 ASP .NET applications can be configured to produce debug binaries. These binaries give detailed debugging messages and should not be used in production environments. Debug binaries are meant to be used in a development or testing environment and can pose a security risk if they are deployed to production.",,Unknown,
739 CWE-110,Struts: Validator Without Form Field (Type: Variant),"Validation fields that do not appear in forms they are associated with indicate that the validation logic is out of date.
740 It is easy for developers to forget to update validation logic when they make changes to an ActionForm class. One indication that validation logic is not being properly maintained is inconsistencies between the action form and the validation form.",,Unknown,
741 CWE-111,Direct Use of Unsafe JNI (Type: Base),"When a Java application uses the Java Native Interface (JNI) to call code written in another programming language, it can expose the application to weaknesses in that code, even if those weaknesses cannot occur in Java.
742 Many safety features that programmers may take for granted simply do not apply for native code, so you must carefully review all such code for potential problems. The languages used to implement native code may be more susceptible to buffer overflows and other attacks. Native code is unprotected by the security features enforced by the runtime environment, such as strong typing and array bounds checking.",,Unknown,"Fortify Descriptions: http://vulncat.fortifysoftware.com
562743 The Java(TM) Tutorial: The Java Native Interface: http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/native1.1/"
563 CWE-112,Missing XML Validation (Type: Base),The software accepts XML from an untrusted source but does not validate the XML against the proper schema.,"Most successful attacks begin with a violation of the programmer's assumptions. By accepting an XML document without validating it against a DTD or XML schema, the programmer leaves a door open for attackers to provide unexpected, unreasonable, or malicious input.",,Unknown,
564 CWE-113,Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers (HTTP Response Splitting) (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CR and LF characters before the data is included in outgoing HTTP headers.","Including unvalidated data in an HTTP header allows an attacker to specify the entirety of the HTTP response rendered by the browser. When an HTTP request contains unexpected CR (carriage return, also given by %0d or \r) and LF (line feed, also given by %0a or \n) characters the server may respond with an output stream that is interpreted as two different HTTP responses (instead of one). An attacker can control the second response and mount attacks such as cross-site scripting and cache poisoning attacks.
744 CWE-112,Missing XML Validation (Type: Base),"The software accepts XML from an untrusted source but does not validate the XML against the proper schema.
745 Most successful attacks begin with a violation of the programmer's assumptions. By accepting an XML document without validating it against a DTD or XML schema, the programmer leaves a door open for attackers to provide unexpected, unreasonable, or malicious input.",,Unknown,
746 CWE-113,Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers (HTTP Response Splitting) (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CR and LF characters before the data is included in outgoing HTTP headers.
747 Including unvalidated data in an HTTP header allows an attacker to specify the entirety of the HTTP response rendered by the browser. When an HTTP request contains unexpected CR (carriage return, also given by %0d or \r) and LF (line feed, also given by %0a or \n) characters the server may respond with an output stream that is interpreted as two different HTTP responses (instead of one). An attacker can control the second response and mount attacks such as cross-site scripting and cache poisoning attacks.
565748 HTTP response splitting weaknesses may be present when:
566749 Data enters a web application through an untrusted source, most frequently an HTTP request.
567750 The data is included in an HTTP response header sent to a web user without being validated for malicious characters.",,Unknown,"OWASP TOP 10: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007
568751 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 2: Web-Server Related Vulnerabilities (XSS, XSRF, and Response Splitting)."" Page 31"
569 CWE-114,Process Control (Type: Base),Executing commands or loading libraries from an untrusted source or in an untrusted environment can cause an application to execute malicious commands (and payloads) on behalf of an attacker.,"Process control vulnerabilities take two forms: 1. An attacker can change the command that the program executes: the attacker explicitly controls what the command is. 2. An attacker can change the environment in which the command executes: the attacker implicitly controls what the command means. Process control vulnerabilities of the first type occur when either data enters the application from an untrusted source and the data is used as part of a string representing a command that is executed by the application. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Unknown,
570 CWE-115,Misinterpretation of Input (Type: Base),"The software misinterprets an input, whether from an attacker or another product, in a security-relevant fashion.","Process control vulnerabilities take two forms: 1. An attacker can change the command that the program executes: the attacker explicitly controls what the command is. 2. An attacker can change the environment in which the command executes: the attacker implicitly controls what the command means. Process control vulnerabilities of the first type occur when either data enters the application from an untrusted source and the data is used as part of a string representing a command that is executed by the application. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Unknown,
571 CWE-118,Improper Access of Indexable Resource (Range Error) (Type: Class),"The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts operations within the boundaries of a resource that is accessed using an index or pointer, such as memory or files.","This can allow an attacker to forge log entries or inject malicious content into logs.
752 CWE-114,Process Control (Type: Base),"Executing commands or loading libraries from an untrusted source or in an untrusted environment can cause an application to execute malicious commands (and payloads) on behalf of an attacker.
753 Process control vulnerabilities take two forms: 1. An attacker can change the command that the program executes: the attacker explicitly controls what the command is. 2. An attacker can change the environment in which the command executes: the attacker implicitly controls what the command means. Process control vulnerabilities of the first type occur when either data enters the application from an untrusted source and the data is used as part of a string representing a command that is executed by the application. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Unknown,
754 CWE-115,Misinterpretation of Input (Type: Base),"The software misinterprets an input, whether from an attacker or another product, in a security-relevant fashion.
755 Process control vulnerabilities take two forms: 1. An attacker can change the command that the program executes: the attacker explicitly controls what the command is. 2. An attacker can change the environment in which the command executes: the attacker implicitly controls what the command means. Process control vulnerabilities of the first type occur when either data enters the application from an untrusted source and the data is used as part of a string representing a command that is executed by the application. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Unknown,
756 CWE-118,Improper Access of Indexable Resource (Range Error) (Type: Class),"The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts operations within the boundaries of a resource that is accessed using an index or pointer, such as memory or files.
757 This can allow an attacker to forge log entries or inject malicious content into logs.
572758 Log forging vulnerabilities occur when:
573759 Data enters an application from an untrusted source.
574760 The data is written to an application or system log file.",,Unknown,
575 CWE-12,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Variant),An ASP .NET application must enable custom error pages in order to prevent attackers from mining information from the framework's built-in responses.,"Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
761 CWE-12,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Variant),"An ASP .NET application must enable custom error pages in order to prevent attackers from mining information from the framework's built-in responses.
762 Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
576763 As a result, an attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code, alter the intended control flow, read sensitive information, or cause the system to crash.",,Unknown,"19 Deadly Sins of Software Security
577764 ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Handling: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ASP.NET_Misconfiguration:_Missing_Custom_Error_Handling"
578 CWE-125,Out-of-bounds Read (Type: Base),"The software reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.","This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented or decremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in corruption of sensitive information, a crash, or code execution among other things.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
579 CWE-126,Buffer Over-read (Type: Variant),The software reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations after the targeted buffer.,This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.,,Unknown,
580 CWE-127,Buffer Under-read (Type: Variant),The software reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations prior to the targeted buffer.,"This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,
581 CWE-13,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),Storing a plaintext password in a configuration file allows anyone who can read the file access to the password-protected resource making them an easy target for attackers.,"This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,"How To: Encrypt Configuration Sections in ASP.NET 2.0 Using DPAPI: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms998280.aspx
765 CWE-125,Out-of-bounds Read (Type: Base),"The software reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
766 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented or decremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in corruption of sensitive information, a crash, or code execution among other things.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
767 CWE-126,Buffer Over-read (Type: Variant),"The software reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations after the targeted buffer.
768 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,
769 CWE-127,Buffer Under-read (Type: Variant),"The software reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations prior to the targeted buffer.
770 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,
771 CWE-13,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),"Storing a plaintext password in a configuration file allows anyone who can read the file access to the password-protected resource making them an easy target for attackers.
772 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. This may result in exposure of sensitive information or possibly a crash.",,Unknown,"How To: Encrypt Configuration Sections in ASP.NET 2.0 Using DPAPI: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms998280.aspx
582773 How To: Encrypt Configuration Sections in ASP.NET 2.0 Using RSA: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms998283.aspx
583774 .NET Framework Developer's Guide - Securing Connection Strings: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/89211k9b(VS.80).aspx"
584 CWE-130,Improper Handling of Length Parameter Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"The software parses a formatted message or structure, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a length field that is inconsistent with the actual length of the associated data.","If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,
585 CWE-132,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Miscalculated Null Termination (Type: Base),This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-170. All content has been transferred to CWE-170.,"If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,
586 CWE-135,Incorrect Calculation of Multi-Byte String Length (Type: Base),The software does not correctly calculate the length of strings that can contain wide or multi-byte characters.,"If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Unicode and ANSI Buffer Size Mismatches"" Page 153"
587 CWE-138,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements (Type: Class),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as control elements or syntactic markers when they are sent to a downstream component.","Most languages and protocols have their own special elements such as characters and reserved words. These special elements can carry control implications. If software does not prevent external control or influence over the inclusion of such special elements, the control flow of the program may be altered from what was intended. For example, both Unix and Windows interpret the symbol < (""less than"") as meaning ""read input from a file"".",,Unknown,
588 CWE-14,Compiler Removal of Code to Clear Buffers (Type: Base),"Sensitive memory is cleared according to the source code, but compiler optimizations leave the memory untouched when it is not read from again, aka ""dead store removal.""","This compiler optimization error occurs when:
775 CWE-130,Improper Handling of Length Parameter Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"The software parses a formatted message or structure, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a length field that is inconsistent with the actual length of the associated data.
776 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,
777 CWE-132,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Miscalculated Null Termination (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-170. All content has been transferred to CWE-170.
778 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,
779 CWE-135,Incorrect Calculation of Multi-Byte String Length (Type: Base),"The software does not correctly calculate the length of strings that can contain wide or multi-byte characters.
780 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Unicode and ANSI Buffer Size Mismatches"" Page 153"
781 CWE-138,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements (Type: Class),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as control elements or syntactic markers when they are sent to a downstream component.
782 Most languages and protocols have their own special elements such as characters and reserved words. These special elements can carry control implications. If software does not prevent external control or influence over the inclusion of such special elements, the control flow of the program may be altered from what was intended. For example, both Unix and Windows interpret the symbol < (""less than"") as meaning ""read input from a file"".",,Unknown,
783 CWE-14,Compiler Removal of Code to Clear Buffers (Type: Base),"Sensitive memory is cleared according to the source code, but compiler optimizations leave the memory untouched when it is not read from again, aka ""dead store removal.""
784 This compiler optimization error occurs when:
589785 1. Secret data are stored in memory.
590786 2. The secret data are scrubbed from memory by overwriting its contents.
591787 3. The source code is compiled using an optimizing compiler, which identifies and removes the function that overwrites the contents as a dead store because the memory is not used subsequently.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""A Compiler Optimization Caveat"" Page 322
592788 When scrubbing secrets in memory doesn't work: http://cert.uni-stuttgart.de/archive/bugtraq/2002/11/msg00046.html
593789 Some Bad News and Some Good News: http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dncode/html/secure10102002.asp
594790 GNU GCC: Optimizer Removes Code Necessary for Security: http://www.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/securityfocus/bugtraq/2002-11/0257.html"
595 CWE-140,Improper Neutralization of Delimiters (Type: Base),The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes delimiters.,"This compiler optimization error occurs when:
791 CWE-140,Improper Neutralization of Delimiters (Type: Base),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes delimiters.
792 This compiler optimization error occurs when:
596793 1. Secret data are stored in memory.
597794 2. The secret data are scrubbed from memory by overwriting its contents.
598795 3. The source code is compiled using an optimizing compiler, which identifies and removes the function that overwrites the contents as a dead store because the memory is not used subsequently.",,Unknown,
599 CWE-141,Improper Neutralization of Parameter/Argument Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as parameter or argument delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408.
796 CWE-141,Improper Neutralization of Parameter/Argument Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as parameter or argument delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
797 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408.
600798 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""IFS"", Page 604."
601 CWE-142,Improper Neutralization of Value Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as value delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
602 CWE-143,Improper Neutralization of Record Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as record delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
603 CWE-144,Improper Neutralization of Line Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as line delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
604 CWE-145,Improper Neutralization of Section Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as section delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.
799 CWE-142,Improper Neutralization of Value Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as value delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
800 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
801 CWE-143,Improper Neutralization of Record Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as record delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
802 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
803 CWE-144,Improper Neutralization of Line Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as line delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
804 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
805 CWE-145,Improper Neutralization of Section Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as section delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
806 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.
605807 One example of a section delimiter is the boundary string in a multipart MIME message. In many cases, doubled line delimiters can serve as a section delimiter.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
606 CWE-146,Improper Neutralization of Expression/Command Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as expression or command delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
607 CWE-147,Improper Neutralization of Input Terminators (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as input terminators when they are sent to a downstream component.","For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
608 CWE-148,Improper Neutralization of Input Leaders (Type: Variant),"The application does not properly handle when a leading character or sequence (""leader"") is missing or malformed, or if multiple leaders are used when only one should be allowed.","For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
609 CWE-149,Improper Neutralization of Quoting Syntax (Type: Variant),"Quotes injected into an application can be used to compromise a system. As data are parsed, an injected/absent/duplicate/malformed use of quotes may cause the process to take unexpected actions.","For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
610 CWE-15,External Control of System or Configuration Setting (Type: Base),One or more system settings or configuration elements can be externally controlled by a user.,"Allowing external control of system settings can disrupt service or cause an application to behave in unexpected, and potentially malicious ways.",,Unknown,
611 CWE-150,"Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences (Type: Variant)","The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as escape, meta, or control character sequences when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
612 CWE-151,Improper Neutralization of Comment Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as comment delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
613 CWE-152,Improper Neutralization of Macro Symbols (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as macro symbols when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
614 CWE-153,Improper Neutralization of Substitution Characters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as substitution characters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
615 CWE-154,Improper Neutralization of Variable Name Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as variable name delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack. Example: ""$"" for an environment variable.",,Unknown,
616 CWE-155,Improper Neutralization of Wildcards or Matching Symbols (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as wildcards or matching symbols when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected element may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
617 CWE-156,Improper Neutralization of Whitespace (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as whitespace when they are sent to a downstream component.","This can include space, tab, etc.",,Unknown,
618 CWE-157,Failure to Sanitize Paired Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle the characters that are used to mark the beginning and ending of a group of entities, such as parentheses, brackets, and braces.","This can include space, tab, etc.",,Unknown,
619 CWE-158,Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes NUL characters or null bytes when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, an injected NUL character or null byte may cause the software to believe the input is terminated earlier than it actually is, or otherwise cause the input to be misinterpreted. This could then be used to inject potentially dangerous input that occurs after the null byte or otherwise bypass validation routines and other protection mechanisms.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""NUL Character Injection"", Page 411."
620 CWE-159,Failure to Sanitize Special Element (Type: Class),Weaknesses in this attack-focused category do not properly filter and interpret special elements in user-controlled input which could cause adverse effect on the software behavior and integrity.,"As data is parsed, an injected NUL character or null byte may cause the software to believe the input is terminated earlier than it actually is, or otherwise cause the input to be misinterpreted. This could then be used to inject potentially dangerous input that occurs after the null byte or otherwise bypass validation routines and other protection mechanisms.",,Unknown,
621 CWE-160,Improper Neutralization of Leading Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled leading special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
622 CWE-161,Improper Neutralization of Multiple Leading Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple leading special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
623 CWE-162,Improper Neutralization of Trailing Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled trailing special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
624 CWE-163,Improper Neutralization of Multiple Trailing Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple trailing special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
625 CWE-164,Improper Neutralization of Internal Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes internal special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
626 CWE-165,Improper Neutralization of Multiple Internal Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple internal special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
627 CWE-166,Improper Handling of Missing Special Element (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles when an expected special element is missing.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
628 CWE-167,Improper Handling of Additional Special Element (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles when an additional unexpected special element is missing.","As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
629 CWE-168,Improper Handling of Inconsistent Special Elements (Type: Base),The software does not handle when an inconsistency exists between two or more special characters or reserved words.,"An example of this problem would be if paired characters appear in the wrong order, or if the special characters are not properly nested.",,Unknown,
630 CWE-172,Encoding Error (Type: Class),"The software does not properly encode or decode the data, resulting in unexpected values.","Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
631 CWE-173,Improper Handling of Alternate Encoding (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when an input uses an alternate encoding that is valid for the control sphere to which the input is being sent.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
632 CWE-174,Double Decoding of the Same Data (Type: Variant),"The software decodes the same input twice, which can limit the effectiveness of any protection mechanism that occurs in between the decoding operations.","Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
633 CWE-175,Improper Handling of Mixed Encoding (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when the same input uses several different (mixed) encodings.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
634 CWE-176,Improper Handling of Unicode Encoding (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when an input contains Unicode encoding.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Sets and Unicode"", Page 446."
635 CWE-177,Improper Handling of URL Encoding (Hex Encoding) (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when all or part of an input has been URL encoded.,"Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
636 CWE-178,Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity (Type: Base),"The software does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.","Improperly handled case sensitive data can lead to several possible consequences, including:
808 CWE-146,Improper Neutralization of Expression/Command Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as expression or command delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
809 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Embedded Delimiters"", Page 408."
810 CWE-147,Improper Neutralization of Input Terminators (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as input terminators when they are sent to a downstream component.
811 For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
812 CWE-148,Improper Neutralization of Input Leaders (Type: Variant),"The application does not properly handle when a leading character or sequence (""leader"") is missing or malformed, or if multiple leaders are used when only one should be allowed.
813 For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
814 CWE-149,Improper Neutralization of Quoting Syntax (Type: Variant),"Quotes injected into an application can be used to compromise a system. As data are parsed, an injected/absent/duplicate/malformed use of quotes may cause the process to take unexpected actions.
815 For example, a ""."" in SMTP signifies the end of mail message data, whereas a null character can be used for the end of a string.",,Unknown,
816 CWE-15,External Control of System or Configuration Setting (Type: Base),"One or more system settings or configuration elements can be externally controlled by a user.
817 Allowing external control of system settings can disrupt service or cause an application to behave in unexpected, and potentially malicious ways.",,Unknown,
818 CWE-150,"Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences (Type: Variant)","The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as escape, meta, or control character sequences when they are sent to a downstream component.
819 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
820 CWE-151,Improper Neutralization of Comment Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as comment delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
821 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
822 CWE-152,Improper Neutralization of Macro Symbols (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as macro symbols when they are sent to a downstream component.
823 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
824 CWE-153,Improper Neutralization of Substitution Characters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as substitution characters when they are sent to a downstream component.
825 As data is parsed, an injected/absent/malformed delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
826 CWE-154,Improper Neutralization of Variable Name Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as variable name delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
827 As data is parsed, an injected delimiter may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack. Example: ""$"" for an environment variable.",,Unknown,
828 CWE-155,Improper Neutralization of Wildcards or Matching Symbols (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as wildcards or matching symbols when they are sent to a downstream component.
829 As data is parsed, an injected element may cause the process to take unexpected actions.",,Unknown,
830 CWE-156,Improper Neutralization of Whitespace (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as whitespace when they are sent to a downstream component.
831 This can include space, tab, etc.",,Unknown,
832 CWE-157,Failure to Sanitize Paired Delimiters (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle the characters that are used to mark the beginning and ending of a group of entities, such as parentheses, brackets, and braces.
833 This can include space, tab, etc.",,Unknown,
834 CWE-158,Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes NUL characters or null bytes when they are sent to a downstream component.
835 As data is parsed, an injected NUL character or null byte may cause the software to believe the input is terminated earlier than it actually is, or otherwise cause the input to be misinterpreted. This could then be used to inject potentially dangerous input that occurs after the null byte or otherwise bypass validation routines and other protection mechanisms.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""NUL Character Injection"", Page 411."
836 CWE-159,Failure to Sanitize Special Element (Type: Class),"Weaknesses in this attack-focused category do not properly filter and interpret special elements in user-controlled input which could cause adverse effect on the software behavior and integrity.
837 As data is parsed, an injected NUL character or null byte may cause the software to believe the input is terminated earlier than it actually is, or otherwise cause the input to be misinterpreted. This could then be used to inject potentially dangerous input that occurs after the null byte or otherwise bypass validation routines and other protection mechanisms.",,Unknown,
838 CWE-160,Improper Neutralization of Leading Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
839 As data is parsed, improperly handled leading special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
840 CWE-161,Improper Neutralization of Multiple Leading Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
841 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple leading special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
842 CWE-162,Improper Neutralization of Trailing Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
843 As data is parsed, improperly handled trailing special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
844 CWE-163,Improper Neutralization of Multiple Trailing Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
845 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple trailing special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
846 CWE-164,Improper Neutralization of Internal Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes internal special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
847 As data is parsed, improperly handled internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
848 CWE-165,Improper Neutralization of Multiple Internal Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple internal special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.
849 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
850 CWE-166,Improper Handling of Missing Special Element (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles when an expected special element is missing.
851 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
852 CWE-167,Improper Handling of Additional Special Element (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles when an additional unexpected special element is missing.
853 As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.",,Unknown,
854 CWE-168,Improper Handling of Inconsistent Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software does not handle when an inconsistency exists between two or more special characters or reserved words.
855 An example of this problem would be if paired characters appear in the wrong order, or if the special characters are not properly nested.",,Unknown,
856 CWE-172,Encoding Error (Type: Class),"The software does not properly encode or decode the data, resulting in unexpected values.
857 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
858 CWE-173,Improper Handling of Alternate Encoding (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when an input uses an alternate encoding that is valid for the control sphere to which the input is being sent.
859 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
860 CWE-174,Double Decoding of the Same Data (Type: Variant),"The software decodes the same input twice, which can limit the effectiveness of any protection mechanism that occurs in between the decoding operations.
861 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
862 CWE-175,Improper Handling of Mixed Encoding (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when the same input uses several different (mixed) encodings.
863 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
864 CWE-176,Improper Handling of Unicode Encoding (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when an input contains Unicode encoding.
865 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Sets and Unicode"", Page 446."
866 CWE-177,Improper Handling of URL Encoding (Hex Encoding) (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when all or part of an input has been URL encoded.
867 Null termination errors frequently occur in two different ways. An off-by-one error could cause a null to be written out of bounds, leading to an overflow. Or, a program could use a strncpy() function call incorrectly, which prevents a null terminator from being added at all. Other scenarios are possible.",,Unknown,
868 CWE-178,Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity (Type: Base),"The software does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.
869 Improperly handled case sensitive data can lead to several possible consequences, including:
637870 case-insensitive passwords reducing the size of the key space, making brute force attacks easier
638871 bypassing filters or access controls using alternate names
639872 multiple interpretation errors using alternate names.",,Unknown,
640 CWE-179,Incorrect Behavior Order: Early Validation (Type: Base),"The software validates input before applying protection mechanisms that modify the input, which could allow an attacker to bypass the validation via dangerous inputs that only arise after the modification.","Software needs to validate data at the proper time, after data has been canonicalized and cleansed. Early validation is susceptible to various manipulations that result in dangerous inputs that are produced by canonicalization and cleansing.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Escaping Metacharacters"", Page 439."
641 CWE-180,Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize (Type: Base),"The software validates input before it is canonicalized, which prevents the software from detecting data that becomes invalid after the canonicalization step.","This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,
642 CWE-181,Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Filter (Type: Base),"The software validates data before it has been filtered, which prevents the software from detecting data that becomes invalid after the filtering step.","This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,
643 CWE-182,Collapse of Data into Unsafe Value (Type: Base),"The software filters data in a way that causes it to be reduced or ""collapsed"" into an unsafe value that violates an expected security property.","This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Stripping Vulnerabilities"", Page 437."
644 CWE-183,Permissive Whitelist (Type: Base),"An application uses a ""whitelist"" of acceptable values, but the whitelist includes at least one unsafe value, leading to resultant weaknesses.","This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Eliminating Metacharacters"", Page 435."
645 CWE-184,Incomplete Blacklist (Type: Base),"An application uses a ""blacklist"" of prohibited values, but the blacklist is incomplete.","If an incomplete blacklist is used as a security mechanism, then the software may allow unintended values to pass into the application logic.",,Unknown,"Exploiting Software: How to Break Code
873 CWE-179,Incorrect Behavior Order: Early Validation (Type: Base),"The software validates input before applying protection mechanisms that modify the input, which could allow an attacker to bypass the validation via dangerous inputs that only arise after the modification.
874 Software needs to validate data at the proper time, after data has been canonicalized and cleansed. Early validation is susceptible to various manipulations that result in dangerous inputs that are produced by canonicalization and cleansing.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Escaping Metacharacters"", Page 439."
875 CWE-180,Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize (Type: Base),"The software validates input before it is canonicalized, which prevents the software from detecting data that becomes invalid after the canonicalization step.
876 This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,
877 CWE-181,Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Filter (Type: Base),"The software validates data before it has been filtered, which prevents the software from detecting data that becomes invalid after the filtering step.
878 This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,
879 CWE-182,Collapse of Data into Unsafe Value (Type: Base),"The software filters data in a way that causes it to be reduced or ""collapsed"" into an unsafe value that violates an expected security property.
880 This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Stripping Vulnerabilities"", Page 437."
881 CWE-183,Permissive Whitelist (Type: Base),"An application uses a ""whitelist"" of acceptable values, but the whitelist includes at least one unsafe value, leading to resultant weaknesses.
882 This can be used by an attacker to bypass the validation and launch attacks that expose weaknesses that would otherwise be prevented, such as injection.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Eliminating Metacharacters"", Page 435."
883 CWE-184,Incomplete Blacklist (Type: Base),"An application uses a ""blacklist"" of prohibited values, but the blacklist is incomplete.
884 If an incomplete blacklist is used as a security mechanism, then the software may allow unintended values to pass into the application logic.",,Unknown,"Exploiting Software: How to Break Code
646885 Blacklist defenses as a breeding ground for vulnerability variants: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2006/Feb/0040.html
647886 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Eliminating Metacharacters"", Page 435."
648 CWE-185,Incorrect Regular Expression (Type: Class),The software specifies a regular expression in a way that causes data to be improperly matched or compared.,"When the regular expression is used in protection mechanisms such as filtering or validation, this may allow an attacker to bypass the intended restrictions on the incoming data.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 10, ""Using Regular Expressions for Checking Input"" Page 350"
649 CWE-186,Overly Restrictive Regular Expression (Type: Base),"A regular expression is overly restrictive, which prevents dangerous values from being detected.","When the regular expression is used in protection mechanisms such as filtering or validation, this may allow an attacker to bypass the intended restrictions on the incoming data.",,Unknown,
650 CWE-187,Partial Comparison (Type: Base),"The software performs a comparison that only examines a portion of a factor before determining whether there is a match, such as a substring, leading to resultant weaknesses.","For example, an attacker might succeed in authentication by providing a small password that matches the associated portion of the larger, correct password.",,Unknown,
651 CWE-191,Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) (Type: Base),"The product subtracts one value from another, such that the result is less than the minimum allowable integer value, which produces a value that is not equal to the correct result.",This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.,,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 7: Integer Overflows."" Page 119"
652 CWE-193,Off-by-one Error (Type: Base),"A product calculates or uses an incorrect maximum or minimum value that is 1 more, or 1 less, than the correct value.",This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.,,Unknown,"Third Generation Exploits: http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-europe-01/halvar-flake/bh-europe-01-halvarflake.ppt
887 CWE-185,Incorrect Regular Expression (Type: Class),"The software specifies a regular expression in a way that causes data to be improperly matched or compared.
888 When the regular expression is used in protection mechanisms such as filtering or validation, this may allow an attacker to bypass the intended restrictions on the incoming data.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 10, ""Using Regular Expressions for Checking Input"" Page 350"
889 CWE-186,Overly Restrictive Regular Expression (Type: Base),"A regular expression is overly restrictive, which prevents dangerous values from being detected.
890 When the regular expression is used in protection mechanisms such as filtering or validation, this may allow an attacker to bypass the intended restrictions on the incoming data.",,Unknown,
891 CWE-187,Partial Comparison (Type: Base),"The software performs a comparison that only examines a portion of a factor before determining whether there is a match, such as a substring, leading to resultant weaknesses.
892 For example, an attacker might succeed in authentication by providing a small password that matches the associated portion of the larger, correct password.",,Unknown,
893 CWE-191,Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) (Type: Base),"The product subtracts one value from another, such that the result is less than the minimum allowable integer value, which produces a value that is not equal to the correct result.
894 This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 7: Integer Overflows."" Page 119"
895 CWE-193,Off-by-one Error (Type: Base),"A product calculates or uses an incorrect maximum or minimum value that is 1 more, or 1 less, than the correct value.
896 This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.",,Unknown,"Third Generation Exploits: http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-europe-01/halvar-flake/bh-europe-01-halvarflake.ppt
653897 Off-by-one errors: a brief explanation: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=secprog&m=108379742110553&w=2
654898 The Frame Pointer Overwrite: http://kaizo.org/mirrors/phrack/phrack55/P55-08
655899 Exploiting Software: How to Break Code (The buffer overflow chapter)
656900 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
657901 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Off-by-One Errors"", Page 180."
658 CWE-195,Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error (Type: Variant),"A signed-to-unsigned conversion error takes place when a signed primitive is used as an unsigned value, usually as a size variable.",It is dangerous to rely on implicit casts between signed and unsigned numbers because the result can take on an unexpected value and violate assumptions made by the program.,,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
659 CWE-198,Use of Incorrect Byte Ordering (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not account for byte ordering (e.g. big-endian and little-endian) when processing the input, causing an incorrect number or value to be used.","When a primitive is cast to a smaller primitive, the high order bits of the large value are lost in the conversion, potentially resulting in an unexpected value that is not equal to the original value. This value may be required as an index into a buffer, a loop iterator, or simply necessary state data. In any case, the value cannot be trusted and the system will be in an undefined state. While this method may be employed viably to isolate the low bits of a value, this usage is rare, and truncation usually implies that an implementation error has occurred.",,Unknown,
660 CWE-201,Information Exposure Through Sent Data (Type: Variant),The accidental exposure of sensitive information through sent data refers to the transmission of data which are either sensitive in and of itself or useful in the further exploitation of the system through standard data channels.,"The information either
902 CWE-195,Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error (Type: Variant),"A signed-to-unsigned conversion error takes place when a signed primitive is used as an unsigned value, usually as a size variable.
903 It is dangerous to rely on implicit casts between signed and unsigned numbers because the result can take on an unexpected value and violate assumptions made by the program.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversions"", Page 223."
904 CWE-198,Use of Incorrect Byte Ordering (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not account for byte ordering (e.g. big-endian and little-endian) when processing the input, causing an incorrect number or value to be used.
905 When a primitive is cast to a smaller primitive, the high order bits of the large value are lost in the conversion, potentially resulting in an unexpected value that is not equal to the original value. This value may be required as an index into a buffer, a loop iterator, or simply necessary state data. In any case, the value cannot be trusted and the system will be in an undefined state. While this method may be employed viably to isolate the low bits of a value, this usage is rare, and truncation usually implies that an implementation error has occurred.",,Unknown,
906 CWE-201,Information Exposure Through Sent Data (Type: Variant),"The accidental exposure of sensitive information through sent data refers to the transmission of data which are either sensitive in and of itself or useful in the further exploitation of the system through standard data channels.
907 The information either
661908 is regarded as sensitive within the product's own functionality, such as a private message; or
662909 provides information about the product or its environment that could be useful in an attack but is normally not available to the attacker, such as the installation path of a product that is remotely accessible.
663910 Many information exposures are resultant (e.g. PHP script error revealing the full path of the program), but they can also be primary (e.g. timing discrepancies in cryptography). There are many different types of problems that involve information exposures. Their severity can range widely depending on the type of information that is revealed.",,Unknown,
664 CWE-203,Information Exposure Through Discrepancy (Type: Class),"The product behaves differently or sends different responses in a way that exposes security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.","In situations where data should not be tied to individual users, but a large number of users should be able to make queries that ""scrub"" the identity of users, it may be possible to get information about a user -- e.g., by specifying search terms that are known to be unique to that user.",,Unknown,
665 CWE-204,Response Discrepancy Information Exposure (Type: Base),The software provides different responses to incoming requests in a way that allows an actor to determine system state information that is outside of that actor's control sphere.,"This issue frequently occurs during authentication, where a difference in failed-login messages could allow an attacker to determine if the username is valid or not. These exposures can be inadvertent (bug) or intentional (design).",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191"
666 CWE-205,Information Exposure Through Behavioral Discrepancy (Type: Base),The product's actions indicate important differences based on (1) the internal state of the product or (2) differences from other products in the same class.,"For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
667 CWE-206,Information Exposure of Internal State Through Behavioral Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"Two separate operations in a product cause the product to behave differently in a way that is observable to an attacker and reveals security-relevant information about the internal state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.","For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
668 CWE-207,Information Exposure Through an External Behavioral Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"The product behaves differently than other products like it, in a way that is observable to an attacker and exposes security-relevant information about which product is being used.","For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
669 CWE-208,Information Exposure Through Timing Discrepancy (Type: Base),"Two separate operations in a product require different amounts of time to complete, in a way that is observable to an actor and reveals security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.","For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
670 CWE-210,Information Exposure Through Self-generated Error Message (Type: Base),The software identifies an error condition and creates its own diagnostic or error messages that contain sensitive information.,"The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191
911 CWE-203,Information Exposure Through Discrepancy (Type: Class),"The product behaves differently or sends different responses in a way that exposes security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.
912 In situations where data should not be tied to individual users, but a large number of users should be able to make queries that ""scrub"" the identity of users, it may be possible to get information about a user -- e.g., by specifying search terms that are known to be unique to that user.",,Unknown,
913 CWE-204,Response Discrepancy Information Exposure (Type: Base),"The software provides different responses to incoming requests in a way that allows an actor to determine system state information that is outside of that actor's control sphere.
914 This issue frequently occurs during authentication, where a difference in failed-login messages could allow an attacker to determine if the username is valid or not. These exposures can be inadvertent (bug) or intentional (design).",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191"
915 CWE-205,Information Exposure Through Behavioral Discrepancy (Type: Base),"The product's actions indicate important differences based on (1) the internal state of the product or (2) differences from other products in the same class.
916 For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
917 CWE-206,Information Exposure of Internal State Through Behavioral Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"Two separate operations in a product cause the product to behave differently in a way that is observable to an attacker and reveals security-relevant information about the internal state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.
918 For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
919 CWE-207,Information Exposure Through an External Behavioral Inconsistency (Type: Variant),"The product behaves differently than other products like it, in a way that is observable to an attacker and exposes security-relevant information about which product is being used.
920 For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
921 CWE-208,Information Exposure Through Timing Discrepancy (Type: Base),"Two separate operations in a product require different amounts of time to complete, in a way that is observable to an actor and reveals security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.
922 For example, attacks such as OS fingerprinting rely heavily on both behavioral and response discrepancies.",,Unknown,
923 CWE-210,Information Exposure Through Self-generated Error Message (Type: Base),"The software identifies an error condition and creates its own diagnostic or error messages that contain sensitive information.
924 The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191
671925 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Overly Verbose Error Messages"", Page 75."
672 CWE-211,Information Exposure Through Externally-generated Error Message (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation that triggers an external diagnostic or error message that is not directly generated by the software, such as an error generated by the programming language interpreter that the software uses. The error can contain sensitive system information.","The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,Unknown,
673 CWE-212,Improper Cross-boundary Removal of Sensitive Data (Type: Base),"The software uses a resource that contains sensitive data, but it does not properly remove that data before it stores, transfers, or shares the resource with actors in another control sphere.","Resources that may contain sensitive data include documents, packets, messages, databases, etc. While this data may be useful to an individual user or small set of users who share the resource, it may need to be removed before the resource can be shared outside of the trusted group. The process of removal is sometimes called cleansing or scrubbing.
926 CWE-211,Information Exposure Through Externally-generated Error Message (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation that triggers an external diagnostic or error message that is not directly generated by the software, such as an error generated by the programming language interpreter that the software uses. The error can contain sensitive system information.
927 The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own (such as a password), or it may be useful for launching other, more deadly attacks. If an attack fails, an attacker may use error information provided by the server to launch another more focused attack. For example, an attempt to exploit a path traversal weakness (CWE-22) might yield the full pathname of the installed application. In turn, this could be used to select the proper number of "".."" sequences to navigate to the targeted file. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, but an error message could reveal the malformed query, which would expose query logic and possibly even passwords or other sensitive information used within the query.",,Unknown,
928 CWE-212,Improper Cross-boundary Removal of Sensitive Data (Type: Base),"The software uses a resource that contains sensitive data, but it does not properly remove that data before it stores, transfers, or shares the resource with actors in another control sphere.
929 Resources that may contain sensitive data include documents, packets, messages, databases, etc. While this data may be useful to an individual user or small set of users who share the resource, it may need to be removed before the resource can be shared outside of the trusted group. The process of removal is sometimes called cleansing or scrubbing.
674930 For example, software that is used for editing documents might not remove sensitive data such as reviewer comments or the local pathname where the document is stored. Or, a proxy might not remove an internal IP address from headers before making an outgoing request to an Internet site.",,Unknown,
675 CWE-213,Intentional Information Exposure (Type: Base),A product's design or configuration explicitly requires the publication of information that could be regarded as sensitive by an administrator.,"Resources that may contain sensitive data include documents, packets, messages, databases, etc. While this data may be useful to an individual user or small set of users who share the resource, it may need to be removed before the resource can be shared outside of the trusted group. The process of removal is sometimes called cleansing or scrubbing.
931 CWE-213,Intentional Information Exposure (Type: Base),"A product's design or configuration explicitly requires the publication of information that could be regarded as sensitive by an administrator.
932 Resources that may contain sensitive data include documents, packets, messages, databases, etc. While this data may be useful to an individual user or small set of users who share the resource, it may need to be removed before the resource can be shared outside of the trusted group. The process of removal is sometimes called cleansing or scrubbing.
676933 For example, software that is used for editing documents might not remove sensitive data such as reviewer comments or the local pathname where the document is stored. Or, a proxy might not remove an internal IP address from headers before making an outgoing request to an Internet site.",,Unknown,
677 CWE-214,Information Exposure Through Process Environment (Type: Variant),"A process is invoked with sensitive arguments, environment variables, or other elements that can be seen by other processes on the operating system.","Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
678 CWE-215,Information Exposure Through Debug Information (Type: Variant),The application contains debugging code that can expose sensitive information to untrusted parties.,"Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
679 CWE-216,Containment Errors (Container Errors) (Type: Class),"This tries to cover various problems in which improper data are included within a ""container.""","Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
680 CWE-217,DEPRECATED: Failure to Protect Stored Data from Modification (Type: Base),This weakness has been deprecated because it incorporated and confused multiple weaknesses. The issues formerly covered in this weakness can be found at CWE-766 and CWE-767.,"Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
681 CWE-218,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Failure to provide confidentiality for stored data (Type: Base),This weakness has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-493. All content has been transferred to CWE-493.,"Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
682 CWE-219,Sensitive Data Under Web Root (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data under the web document root with insufficient access control, which might make it accessible to untrusted parties.","Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
683 CWE-220,Sensitive Data Under FTP Root (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data under the FTP document root with insufficient access control, which might make it accessible to untrusted parties.","Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as "".."" and ""/"" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the ""../"" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as ""/usr/local/bin"", which may also be useful in accessing unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
934 CWE-214,Information Exposure Through Process Environment (Type: Variant),"A process is invoked with sensitive arguments, environment variables, or other elements that can be seen by other processes on the operating system.
935 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
936 CWE-215,Information Exposure Through Debug Information (Type: Variant),"The application contains debugging code that can expose sensitive information to untrusted parties.
937 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
938 CWE-216,Containment Errors (Container Errors) (Type: Class),"This tries to cover various problems in which improper data are included within a ""container.""
939 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
940 CWE-217,DEPRECATED: Failure to Protect Stored Data from Modification (Type: Base),"This weakness has been deprecated because it incorporated and confused multiple weaknesses. The issues formerly covered in this weakness can be found at CWE-766 and CWE-767.
941 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
942 CWE-218,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Failure to provide confidentiality for stored data (Type: Base),"This weakness has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-493. All content has been transferred to CWE-493.
943 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
944 CWE-219,Sensitive Data Under Web Root (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data under the web document root with insufficient access control, which might make it accessible to untrusted parties.
945 Many operating systems allow a user to list information about processes that are owned by other users. This information could include command line arguments or environment variable settings. When this data contains sensitive information such as credentials, it might allow other users to launch an attack against the software or related resources.",,Unknown,
946 CWE-220,Sensitive Data Under FTP Root (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data under the FTP document root with insufficient access control, which might make it accessible to untrusted parties.
947 Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as "".."" and ""/"" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the ""../"" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as ""/usr/local/bin"", which may also be useful in accessing unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
684948 In many programming languages, the injection of a null byte (the 0 or NUL) may allow an attacker to truncate a generated filename to widen the scope of attack. For example, the software may add "".txt"" to any pathname, thus limiting the attacker to text files, but a null injection may effectively remove this restriction.",,Unknown,
685 CWE-221,Information Loss or Omission (Type: Class),"The software does not record, or improperly records, security-relevant information that leads to an incorrect decision or hampers later analysis.","This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
686 CWE-222,Truncation of Security-relevant Information (Type: Base),"The application truncates the display, recording, or processing of security-relevant information in a way that can obscure the source or nature of an attack.","This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
687 CWE-223,Omission of Security-relevant Information (Type: Base),"The application does not record or display information that would be important for identifying the source or nature of an attack, or determining if an action is safe.","This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Accountability"", Page 40."
688 CWE-224,Obscured Security-relevant Information by Alternate Name (Type: Base),"The software records security-relevant information according to an alternate name of the affected entity, instead of the canonical name.","This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,Writing Secure Code
689 CWE-225,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): General Information Management Problems (Type: Base),This weakness can be found at CWE-199.,"This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
690 CWE-226,Sensitive Information Uncleared Before Release (Type: Base),"The software does not fully clear previously used information in a data structure, file, or other resource, before making that resource available to a party in another control sphere.","This typically results from new data that is not as long as the old data, which leaves portions of the old data still available. Equivalent errors can occur in other situations where the length of data is variable but the associated data structure is not. If memory is not cleared after use, it may allow unintended actors to read the data when the memory is reallocated.",,Unknown,
691 CWE-227,Improper Fulfillment of API Contract (API Abuse) (Type: Class),The software uses an API in a manner contrary to its intended use.,"An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
692 CWE-228,Improper Handling of Syntactically Invalid Structure (Type: Class),The product does not handle or incorrectly handles input that is not syntactically well-formed with respect to the associated specification.,"An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
693 CWE-229,Improper Handling of Values (Type: Base),"The software does not properly handle when the expected number of values for parameters, fields, or arguments is not provided in input, or if those values are undefined.","An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
694 CWE-23,Relative Path Traversal (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize sequences such as "".."" that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,"OWASP Attack listing: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Relative_Path_Traversal
949 CWE-221,Information Loss or Omission (Type: Class),"The software does not record, or improperly records, security-relevant information that leads to an incorrect decision or hampers later analysis.
950 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
951 CWE-222,Truncation of Security-relevant Information (Type: Base),"The application truncates the display, recording, or processing of security-relevant information in a way that can obscure the source or nature of an attack.
952 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
953 CWE-223,Omission of Security-relevant Information (Type: Base),"The application does not record or display information that would be important for identifying the source or nature of an attack, or determining if an action is safe.
954 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Accountability"", Page 40."
955 CWE-224,Obscured Security-relevant Information by Alternate Name (Type: Base),"The software records security-relevant information according to an alternate name of the affected entity, instead of the canonical name.
956 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,Writing Secure Code
957 CWE-225,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): General Information Management Problems (Type: Base),"This weakness can be found at CWE-199.
958 This can be resultant, e.g. a buffer overflow might trigger a crash before the product can log the event.",,Unknown,
959 CWE-226,Sensitive Information Uncleared Before Release (Type: Base),"The software does not fully clear previously used information in a data structure, file, or other resource, before making that resource available to a party in another control sphere.
960 This typically results from new data that is not as long as the old data, which leaves portions of the old data still available. Equivalent errors can occur in other situations where the length of data is variable but the associated data structure is not. If memory is not cleared after use, it may allow unintended actors to read the data when the memory is reallocated.",,Unknown,
961 CWE-227,Improper Fulfillment of API Contract (API Abuse) (Type: Class),"The software uses an API in a manner contrary to its intended use.
962 An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
963 CWE-228,Improper Handling of Syntactically Invalid Structure (Type: Class),"The product does not handle or incorrectly handles input that is not syntactically well-formed with respect to the associated specification.
964 An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
965 CWE-229,Improper Handling of Values (Type: Base),"The software does not properly handle when the expected number of values for parameters, fields, or arguments is not provided in input, or if those values are undefined.
966 An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API misuse occurs when the caller does not honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program does not call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller misuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.",,Unknown,
967 CWE-23,Relative Path Traversal (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize sequences such as "".."" that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
968 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,"OWASP Attack listing: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Relative_Path_Traversal
695969 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Filenames and Paths"", Page 503."
696 CWE-230,Improper Handling of Missing Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a parameter, field, or argument name is specified, but the associated value is missing, i.e. it is empty, blank, or null.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
697 CWE-231,Improper Handling of Extra Values (Type: Variant),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when more values are provided than expected.,This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
698 CWE-232,Improper Handling of Undefined Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a value is not defined or supported for the associated parameter, field, or argument name.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
699 CWE-233,Improper Handling of Parameters (Type: Base),"The software does not properly handle when the expected number of parameters, fields, or arguments is not provided in input, or if those parameters are undefined.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
700 CWE-235,Improper Handling of Extra Parameters (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when the number of parameters, fields, or arguments with the same name exceeds the expected amount.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
701 CWE-236,Improper Handling of Undefined Parameters (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular parameter, field, or argument name is not defined or supported by the product.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
702 CWE-237,Improper Handling of Structural Elements (Type: Base),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles inputs that are related to complex structures.,This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
703 CWE-238,Improper Handling of Incomplete Structural Elements (Type: Variant),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular structural element is not completely specified.,This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
704 CWE-239,Failure to Handle Incomplete Element (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle when a particular element is not completely specified.,This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,
705 CWE-24,Path Traversal: ../filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
970 CWE-230,Improper Handling of Missing Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a parameter, field, or argument name is specified, but the associated value is missing, i.e. it is empty, blank, or null.
971 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
972 CWE-231,Improper Handling of Extra Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when more values are provided than expected.
973 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
974 CWE-232,Improper Handling of Undefined Values (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a value is not defined or supported for the associated parameter, field, or argument name.
975 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
976 CWE-233,Improper Handling of Parameters (Type: Base),"The software does not properly handle when the expected number of parameters, fields, or arguments is not provided in input, or if those parameters are undefined.
977 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
978 CWE-235,Improper Handling of Extra Parameters (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when the number of parameters, fields, or arguments with the same name exceeds the expected amount.
979 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
980 CWE-236,Improper Handling of Undefined Parameters (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular parameter, field, or argument name is not defined or supported by the product.
981 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
982 CWE-237,Improper Handling of Structural Elements (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles inputs that are related to complex structures.
983 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
984 CWE-238,Improper Handling of Incomplete Structural Elements (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular structural element is not completely specified.
985 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
986 CWE-239,Failure to Handle Incomplete Element (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle when a particular element is not completely specified.
987 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,
988 CWE-24,Path Traversal: ../filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
989 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
706990 The ""../"" manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""/"" as directory separators, such as UNIX- and Linux-based systems. In some cases, it is useful for bypassing protection schemes in environments for which ""/"" is supported but not the primary separator, such as Windows, which uses ""\"" but can also accept ""/"".",,Unknown,
707 CWE-240,Improper Handling of Inconsistent Structural Elements (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when two or more structural elements should be consistent, but are not.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
991 CWE-240,Improper Handling of Inconsistent Structural Elements (Type: Variant),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when two or more structural elements should be consistent, but are not.
992 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
708993 The ""../"" manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""/"" as directory separators, such as UNIX- and Linux-based systems. In some cases, it is useful for bypassing protection schemes in environments for which ""/"" is supported but not the primary separator, such as Windows, which uses ""\"" but can also accept ""/"".",,Unknown,
709 CWE-241,Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular element is not the expected type, e.g. it expects a digit (0-9) but is provided with a letter (A-Z).","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
994 CWE-241,Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular element is not the expected type, e.g. it expects a digit (0-9) but is provided with a letter (A-Z).
995 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
710996 The ""../"" manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""/"" as directory separators, such as UNIX- and Linux-based systems. In some cases, it is useful for bypassing protection schemes in environments for which ""/"" is supported but not the primary separator, such as Windows, which uses ""\"" but can also accept ""/"".",,Unknown,
711 CWE-244,Improper Clearing of Heap Memory Before Release (Heap Inspection) (Type: Variant),"Using realloc() to resize buffers that store sensitive information can leave the sensitive information exposed to attack, because it is not removed from memory.","When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
712 CWE-245,J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Management of Connections (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application directly manages connections, instead of using the container's connection management facilities.","When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
713 CWE-246,J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Use of Sockets (Type: Variant),The J2EE application directly uses sockets instead of using framework method calls.,"When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
714 CWE-247,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Reliance on DNS Lookups in a Security Decision (Type: Base),This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-350. All content has been transferred to CWE-350.,"When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
715 CWE-248,Uncaught Exception (Type: Base),"An exception is thrown from a function, but it is not caught.","When an exception is not caught, it may cause the program to crash or expose sensitive information.",,Unknown,
716 CWE-249,DEPRECATED: Often Misused: Path Manipulation (Type: Variant),This entry has been deprecated because of name confusion and an accidental combination of multiple weaknesses. Most of its content has been transferred to CWE-785.,"When an exception is not caught, it may cause the program to crash or expose sensitive information.",,Unknown,
717 CWE-25,Path Traversal: /../filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""/../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
997 CWE-244,Improper Clearing of Heap Memory Before Release (Heap Inspection) (Type: Variant),"Using realloc() to resize buffers that store sensitive information can leave the sensitive information exposed to attack, because it is not removed from memory.
998 When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
999 CWE-245,J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Management of Connections (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application directly manages connections, instead of using the container's connection management facilities.
1000 When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
1001 CWE-246,J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Use of Sockets (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application directly uses sockets instead of using framework method calls.
1002 When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
1003 CWE-247,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Reliance on DNS Lookups in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-350. All content has been transferred to CWE-350.
1004 When sensitive data such as a password or an encryption key is not removed from memory, it could be exposed to an attacker using a ""heap inspection"" attack that reads the sensitive data using memory dumps or other methods. The realloc() function is commonly used to increase the size of a block of allocated memory. This operation often requires copying the contents of the old memory block into a new and larger block. This operation leaves the contents of the original block intact but inaccessible to the program, preventing the program from being able to scrub sensitive data from memory. If an attacker can later examine the contents of a memory dump, the sensitive data could be exposed.",,Unknown,
1005 CWE-248,Uncaught Exception (Type: Base),"An exception is thrown from a function, but it is not caught.
1006 When an exception is not caught, it may cause the program to crash or expose sensitive information.",,Unknown,
1007 CWE-249,DEPRECATED: Often Misused: Path Manipulation (Type: Variant),"This entry has been deprecated because of name confusion and an accidental combination of multiple weaknesses. Most of its content has been transferred to CWE-785.
1008 When an exception is not caught, it may cause the program to crash or expose sensitive information.",,Unknown,
1009 CWE-25,Path Traversal: /../filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""/../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1010 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7181011 Sometimes a program checks for ""../"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""/../"" can bypass that check.",,Unknown,
719 CWE-26,Path Traversal: /dir/../filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""/dir/../filename"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1012 CWE-26,Path Traversal: /dir/../filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""/dir/../filename"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1013 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7201014 The '/dir/../filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only checks for ""../"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""/../"" can bypass that check.",,Unknown,
721 CWE-260,Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),The software stores a password in a configuration file that might be accessible to actors who do not know the password.,"This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Unknown,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
722 CWE-261,Weak Cryptography for Passwords (Type: Variant),Obscuring a password with a trivial encoding does not protect the password.,"This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Unknown,"Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1015 CWE-260,Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),"The software stores a password in a configuration file that might be accessible to actors who do not know the password.
1016 This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Unknown,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1017 CWE-261,Weak Cryptography for Passwords (Type: Variant),"Obscuring a password with a trivial encoding does not protect the password.
1018 This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Unknown,"Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
7231019 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
724 CWE-266,Incorrect Privilege Assignment (Type: Base),"A product incorrectly assigns a privilege to a particular actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.","Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Unknown,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
725 CWE-267,Privilege Defined With Unsafe Actions (Type: Base),"A particular privilege, role, capability, or right can be used to perform unsafe actions that were not intended, even when it is assigned to the correct entity.","Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Unknown,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
726 CWE-27,Path Traversal: dir/../../filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize multiple internal ""../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1020 CWE-266,Incorrect Privilege Assignment (Type: Base),"A product incorrectly assigns a privilege to a particular actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.
1021 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Unknown,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
1022 CWE-267,Privilege Defined With Unsafe Actions (Type: Base),"A particular privilege, role, capability, or right can be used to perform unsafe actions that were not intended, even when it is assigned to the correct entity.
1023 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Unknown,Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
1024 CWE-27,Path Traversal: dir/../../filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize multiple internal ""../"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1025 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7271026 The 'directory/../../filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only removes one ""../"" sequence, so multiple ""../"" can bypass that check. Alternately, this manipulation could be used to bypass a check for ""../"" at the beginning of the pathname, moving up more than one directory level.",,Unknown,
728 CWE-270,Privilege Context Switching Error (Type: Base),The software does not properly manage privileges while it is switching between different contexts that have different privileges or spheres of control.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1027 CWE-270,Privilege Context Switching Error (Type: Base),"The software does not properly manage privileges while it is switching between different contexts that have different privileges or spheres of control.
1028 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7291029 The 'directory/../../filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only removes one ""../"" sequence, so multiple ""../"" can bypass that check. Alternately, this manipulation could be used to bypass a check for ""../"" at the beginning of the pathname, moving up more than one directory level.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 7, ""Running with Least Privilege"" Page 207
7301030 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
731 CWE-272,Least Privilege Violation (Type: Base),The elevated privilege level required to perform operations such as chroot() should be dropped immediately after the operation is performed.,"In some contexts, a system executing with elevated permissions will hand off a process/file/etc. to another process or user. If the privileges of an entity are not reduced, then elevated privileges are spread throughout a system and possibly to an attacker.",,Unknown,
732 CWE-274,Improper Handling of Insufficient Privileges (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when it has insufficient privileges to perform an operation, leading to resultant weaknesses.","If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
733 CWE-277,Insecure Inherited Permissions (Type: Variant),A product defines a set of insecure permissions that are inherited by objects that are created by the program.,"If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
734 CWE-278,Insecure Preserved Inherited Permissions (Type: Variant),"A product inherits a set of insecure permissions for an object, e.g. when copying from an archive file, without user awareness or involvement.","If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
735 CWE-279,Incorrect Execution-Assigned Permissions (Type: Variant),"While it is executing, the software sets the permissions of an object in a way that violates the intended permissions that have been specified by the user.","If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
736 CWE-28,Path Traversal: ..\filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""..\"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1031 CWE-272,Least Privilege Violation (Type: Base),"The elevated privilege level required to perform operations such as chroot() should be dropped immediately after the operation is performed.
1032 In some contexts, a system executing with elevated permissions will hand off a process/file/etc. to another process or user. If the privileges of an entity are not reduced, then elevated privileges are spread throughout a system and possibly to an attacker.",,Unknown,
1033 CWE-274,Improper Handling of Insufficient Privileges (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles when it has insufficient privileges to perform an operation, leading to resultant weaknesses.
1034 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
1035 CWE-277,Insecure Inherited Permissions (Type: Variant),"A product defines a set of insecure permissions that are inherited by objects that are created by the program.
1036 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
1037 CWE-278,Insecure Preserved Inherited Permissions (Type: Variant),"A product inherits a set of insecure permissions for an object, e.g. when copying from an archive file, without user awareness or involvement.
1038 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
1039 CWE-279,Incorrect Execution-Assigned Permissions (Type: Variant),"While it is executing, the software sets the permissions of an object in a way that violates the intended permissions that have been specified by the user.
1040 If the drop fails, the software will continue to run with the raised privileges, which might provide additional access to unprivileged users.",,Unknown,
1041 CWE-28,Path Traversal: ..\filedir (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize ""..\"" sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1042 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7371043 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
738 CWE-280,Improper Handling of Insufficient Permissions or Privileges (Type: Base),The application does not handle or incorrectly handles when it has insufficient privileges to access resources or functionality as specified by their permissions. This may cause it to follow unexpected code paths that may leave the application in an invalid state.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1044 CWE-280,Improper Handling of Insufficient Permissions or Privileges (Type: Base),"The application does not handle or incorrectly handles when it has insufficient privileges to access resources or functionality as specified by their permissions. This may cause it to follow unexpected code paths that may leave the application in an invalid state.
1045 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7391046 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
740 CWE-281,Improper Preservation of Permissions (Type: Base),"The software does not preserve permissions or incorrectly preserves permissions when copying, restoring, or sharing objects, which can cause them to have less restrictive permissions than intended.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1047 CWE-281,Improper Preservation of Permissions (Type: Base),"The software does not preserve permissions or incorrectly preserves permissions when copying, restoring, or sharing objects, which can cause them to have less restrictive permissions than intended.
1048 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7411049 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
742 CWE-282,Improper Ownership Management (Type: Class),"The software assigns the wrong ownership, or does not properly verify the ownership, of an object or resource.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1050 CWE-282,Improper Ownership Management (Type: Class),"The software assigns the wrong ownership, or does not properly verify the ownership, of an object or resource.
1051 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7431052 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
744 CWE-283,Unverified Ownership (Type: Base),The software does not properly verify that a critical resource is owned by the proper entity.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1053 CWE-283,Unverified Ownership (Type: Base),"The software does not properly verify that a critical resource is owned by the proper entity.
1054 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7451055 The '..\' manipulation is the canonical manipulation for operating systems that use ""\"" as directory separators, such as Windows. However, it is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
746 CWE-284,Improper Access Control (Type: Class),The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.,"Access control involves the use of several protection mechanisms such as authentication (proving the identity of an actor) authorization (ensuring that a given actor can access a resource), and accountability (tracking of activities that were performed). When any mechanism is not applied or otherwise fails, attackers can compromise the security of the software by gaining privileges, reading sensitive information, executing commands, evading detection, etc.
1056 CWE-284,Improper Access Control (Type: Class),"The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
1057 Access control involves the use of several protection mechanisms such as authentication (proving the identity of an actor) authorization (ensuring that a given actor can access a resource), and accountability (tracking of activities that were performed). When any mechanism is not applied or otherwise fails, attackers can compromise the security of the software by gaining privileges, reading sensitive information, executing commands, evading detection, etc.
7471058 There are two distinct behaviors that can introduce access control weaknesses:
7481059 Specification: incorrect privileges, permissions, ownership, etc. are explicitly specified for either the user or the resource (for example, setting a password file to be world-writable, or giving administrator capabilities to a guest user). This action could be performed by the program or the administrator.
7491060 Enforcement: the mechanism contains errors that prevent it from properly enforcing the specified access control requirements (e.g., allowing the user to specify their own privileges, or allowing a syntactically-incorrect ACL to produce insecure settings). This problem occurs within the program itself, in that it does not actually enforce the intended security policy that the administrator specifies.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 6, ""Determining Appropriate Access Control"" Page 171
7501061 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 17: Failure to Protect Stored Data."" Page 253"
751 CWE-286,Incorrect User Management (Type: Class),The software does not properly manage a user within its environment.,Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.,,Unknown,
752 CWE-288,Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel (Type: Base),"A product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication.",Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.,,Unknown,
753 CWE-289,Authentication Bypass by Alternate Name (Type: Variant),"The software performs authentication based on the name of a resource being accessed, or the name of the actor performing the access, but it does not properly check all possible names for that resource or actor.",Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.,,Unknown,
754 CWE-29,Path Traversal: \..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '\..\filename' (leading backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1062 CWE-286,Incorrect User Management (Type: Class),"The software does not properly manage a user within its environment.
1063 Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.",,Unknown,
1064 CWE-288,Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel (Type: Base),"A product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication.
1065 Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.",,Unknown,
1066 CWE-289,Authentication Bypass by Alternate Name (Type: Variant),"The software performs authentication based on the name of a resource being accessed, or the name of the actor performing the access, but it does not properly check all possible names for that resource or actor.
1067 Users can be assigned to the wrong group (class) of permissions resulting in unintended access rights to sensitive objects.",,Unknown,
1068 CWE-29,Path Traversal: \..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '\..\filename' (leading backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1069 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7551070 This is similar to CWE-25, except using ""\"" instead of ""/"". Sometimes a program checks for ""..\"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""\..\"" can bypass that check. It is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,
756 CWE-290,Authentication Bypass by Spoofing (Type: Base),This attack-focused weakness is caused by improperly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1071 CWE-290,Authentication Bypass by Spoofing (Type: Base),"This attack-focused weakness is caused by improperly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.
1072 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7571073 This is similar to CWE-25, except using ""\"" instead of ""/"". Sometimes a program checks for ""..\"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""\..\"" can bypass that check. It is also useful for bypassing path traversal protection schemes that only assume that the ""/"" separator is valid.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Spoofing and Identification"", Page 72."
758 CWE-295,Improper Certificate Validation (Type: Base),"The software does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.","When a certificate is invalid or malicious, it might allow an attacker to spoof a trusted entity by using a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. The software might connect to a malicious host while believing it is a trusted host, or the software might be deceived into accepting spoofed data that appears to originate from a trusted host.",,Unknown,"Why Eve and Mallory Love Android: An Analysis of Android SSL (In)Security: http://www2.dcsec.uni-hannover.de/files/android/p50-fahl.pdf
1074 CWE-295,Improper Certificate Validation (Type: Base),"The software does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.
1075 When a certificate is invalid or malicious, it might allow an attacker to spoof a trusted entity by using a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. The software might connect to a malicious host while believing it is a trusted host, or the software might be deceived into accepting spoofed data that appears to originate from a trusted host.",,Unknown,"Why Eve and Mallory Love Android: An Analysis of Android SSL (In)Security: http://www2.dcsec.uni-hannover.de/files/android/p50-fahl.pdf
7591076 Computer Security: Art and Science"
760 CWE-30,Path Traversal: \dir\..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '\dir\..\filename' (leading backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1077 CWE-30,Path Traversal: \dir\..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '\dir\..\filename' (leading backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1078 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7611079 This is similar to CWE-26, except using ""\"" instead of ""/"". The '\dir\..\filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only checks for ""..\"" at the beginning of the input, so a ""\..\"" can bypass that check.",,Unknown,
762 CWE-300,Channel Accessible by Non-Endpoint (Man-in-the-Middle) (Type: Class),"The product does not adequately verify the identity of actors at both ends of a communication channel, or does not adequately ensure the integrity of the channel, in a way that allows the channel to be accessed or influenced by an actor that is not an endpoint.","In order to establish secure communication between two parties, it is often important to adequately verify the identity of entities at each end of the communication channel. Inadequate or inconsistent verification may result in insufficient or incorrect identification of either communicating entity. This can have negative consequences such as misplaced trust in the entity at the other end of the channel. An attacker can leverage this by interposing between the communicating entities and masquerading as the original entity. In the absence of sufficient verification of identity, such an attacker can eavesdrop and potentially modify the communication between the original entities.",,Unknown,Computer Security: Art and Science
763 CWE-302,Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data (Type: Variant),"The authentication scheme or implementation uses key data elements that are assumed to be immutable, but can be controlled or modified by the attacker.","A mutual authentication protocol requires each party to respond to a random challenge by the other party by encrypting it with a pre-shared key. Often, however, such protocols employ the same pre-shared key for communication with a number of different entities. A malicious user or an attacker can easily compromise this protocol without possessing the correct key by employing a reflection attack on the protocol.",,Unknown,
764 CWE-303,Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm (Type: Base),"The requirements for the software dictate the use of an established authentication algorithm, but the implementation of the algorithm is incorrect.",This incorrect implementation may allow authentication to be bypassed.,,Unknown,
765 CWE-304,Missing Critical Step in Authentication (Type: Base),"The software implements an authentication technique, but it skips a step that weakens the technique.","Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,
766 CWE-305,Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness (Type: Base),"The authentication algorithm is sound, but the implemented mechanism can be bypassed as the result of a separate weakness that is primary to the authentication error.","Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,
767 CWE-307,Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts (Type: Base),"The software does not implement sufficient measures to prevent multiple failed authentication attempts within in a short time frame, making it more susceptible to brute force attacks.","Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,"Weak Password Brings 'Happiness' to Twitter Hacker: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/01/professed-twitt/
1080 CWE-300,Channel Accessible by Non-Endpoint (Man-in-the-Middle) (Type: Class),"The product does not adequately verify the identity of actors at both ends of a communication channel, or does not adequately ensure the integrity of the channel, in a way that allows the channel to be accessed or influenced by an actor that is not an endpoint.
1081 In order to establish secure communication between two parties, it is often important to adequately verify the identity of entities at each end of the communication channel. Inadequate or inconsistent verification may result in insufficient or incorrect identification of either communicating entity. This can have negative consequences such as misplaced trust in the entity at the other end of the channel. An attacker can leverage this by interposing between the communicating entities and masquerading as the original entity. In the absence of sufficient verification of identity, such an attacker can eavesdrop and potentially modify the communication between the original entities.",,Unknown,Computer Security: Art and Science
1082 CWE-302,Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data (Type: Variant),"The authentication scheme or implementation uses key data elements that are assumed to be immutable, but can be controlled or modified by the attacker.
1083 A mutual authentication protocol requires each party to respond to a random challenge by the other party by encrypting it with a pre-shared key. Often, however, such protocols employ the same pre-shared key for communication with a number of different entities. A malicious user or an attacker can easily compromise this protocol without possessing the correct key by employing a reflection attack on the protocol.",,Unknown,
1084 CWE-303,Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm (Type: Base),"The requirements for the software dictate the use of an established authentication algorithm, but the implementation of the algorithm is incorrect.
1085 This incorrect implementation may allow authentication to be bypassed.",,Unknown,
1086 CWE-304,Missing Critical Step in Authentication (Type: Base),"The software implements an authentication technique, but it skips a step that weakens the technique.
1087 Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,
1088 CWE-305,Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness (Type: Base),"The authentication algorithm is sound, but the implemented mechanism can be bypassed as the result of a separate weakness that is primary to the authentication error.
1089 Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,
1090 CWE-307,Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts (Type: Base),"The software does not implement sufficient measures to prevent multiple failed authentication attempts within in a short time frame, making it more susceptible to brute force attacks.
1091 Authentication techniques should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise authentication can be bypassed or more easily subjected to brute force attacks.",,Unknown,"Weak Password Brings 'Happiness' to Twitter Hacker: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/01/professed-twitt/
7681092 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
769 CWE-31,Path Traversal: dir\..\..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize 'dir\..\..\filename' (multiple internal backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1093 CWE-31,Path Traversal: dir\..\..\filename (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize 'dir\..\..\filename' (multiple internal backslash dot dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1094 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7701095 The 'dir\..\..\filename' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. Sometimes a program only removes one ""..\"" sequence, so multiple ""..\"" can bypass that check. Alternately, this manipulation could be used to bypass a check for ""..\"" at the beginning of the pathname, moving up more than one directory level.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
771 CWE-312,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information (Type: Base),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext within a resource that might be accessible to another control sphere.,"Because the information is stored in cleartext, attackers could potentially read it. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
1096 CWE-312,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information (Type: Base),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext within a resource that might be accessible to another control sphere.
1097 Because the information is stored in cleartext, attackers could potentially read it. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""Protecting Secret Data"" Page 299
7721098 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Encryption"", Page 43.
7731099 Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/"
774 CWE-313,Cleartext Storage in a File or on Disk (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in a file, or on disk.","The sensitive information could be read by attackers with access to the file, or with physical or administrator access to the raw disk. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
775 CWE-314,Cleartext Storage in the Registry (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in the registry.,"Attackers can read the information by accessing the registry key. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
776 CWE-315,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in a Cookie (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in a cookie.,"Attackers can use widely-available tools to view the cookie and read the sensitive information. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
777 CWE-316,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in Memory (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in memory.,"The sensitive memory might be saved to disk, stored in a core dump, or remain uncleared if the application crashes, or if the programmer does not properly clear the memory before freeing it.
1100 CWE-313,Cleartext Storage in a File or on Disk (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in a file, or on disk.
1101 The sensitive information could be read by attackers with access to the file, or with physical or administrator access to the raw disk. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1102 CWE-314,Cleartext Storage in the Registry (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in the registry.
1103 Attackers can read the information by accessing the registry key. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1104 CWE-315,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in a Cookie (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in a cookie.
1105 Attackers can use widely-available tools to view the cookie and read the sensitive information. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1106 CWE-316,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in Memory (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in memory.
1107 The sensitive memory might be saved to disk, stored in a core dump, or remain uncleared if the application crashes, or if the programmer does not properly clear the memory before freeing it.
7781108 It could be argued that such problems are usually only exploitable by those with administrator privileges. However, swapping could cause the memory to be written to disk and leave it accessible to physical attack afterwards. Core dump files might have insecure permissions or be stored in archive files that are accessible to untrusted people. Or, uncleared sensitive memory might be inadvertently exposed to attackers due to another weakness.",,Unknown,
779 CWE-317,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in GUI (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext within the GUI.,"An attacker can often obtain data from a GUI, even if hidden, by using an API to directly access GUI objects such as windows and menus. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
780 CWE-318,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in Executable (Type: Variant),The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in an executable.,"Attackers can reverse engineer binary code to obtain secret data. This is especially easy when the cleartext is plain ASCII. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
781 CWE-32,Path Traversal: ... (Triple Dot) (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '...' (triple dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1109 CWE-317,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in GUI (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext within the GUI.
1110 An attacker can often obtain data from a GUI, even if hidden, by using an API to directly access GUI objects such as windows and menus. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1111 CWE-318,Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in Executable (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive information in cleartext in an executable.
1112 Attackers can reverse engineer binary code to obtain secret data. This is especially easy when the cleartext is plain ASCII. Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.",,Unknown,
1113 CWE-32,Path Traversal: ... (Triple Dot) (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '...' (triple dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1114 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7821115 The '...' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. On some Windows systems, it is equivalent to ""..\.."" and might bypass checks that assume only two dots are valid. Incomplete filtering, such as removal of ""./"" sequences, can ultimately produce valid "".."" sequences due to a collapse into unsafe value (CWE-182).",,Unknown,
783 CWE-325,Missing Required Cryptographic Step (Type: Base),"The software does not implement a required step in a cryptographic algorithm, resulting in weaker encryption than advertised by that algorithm.","Cryptographic implementations should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise encryption can be weaker than expected.",,Unknown,
784 CWE-326,Inadequate Encryption Strength (Type: Class),"The software stores or transmits sensitive data using an encryption scheme that is theoretically sound, but is not strong enough for the level of protection required.",A weak encryption scheme can be subjected to brute force attacks that have a reasonable chance of succeeding using current attack methods and resources.,,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 8, ""Cryptographic Foibles"" Page 259
1116 CWE-325,Missing Required Cryptographic Step (Type: Base),"The software does not implement a required step in a cryptographic algorithm, resulting in weaker encryption than advertised by that algorithm.
1117 Cryptographic implementations should follow the algorithms that define them exactly, otherwise encryption can be weaker than expected.",,Unknown,
1118 CWE-326,Inadequate Encryption Strength (Type: Class),"The software stores or transmits sensitive data using an encryption scheme that is theoretically sound, but is not strong enough for the level of protection required.
1119 A weak encryption scheme can be subjected to brute force attacks that have a reasonable chance of succeeding using current attack methods and resources.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 8, ""Cryptographic Foibles"" Page 259
7851120 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 21: Using the Wrong Cryptography."" Page 315"
786 CWE-328,Reversible One-Way Hash (Type: Base),"The product uses a hashing algorithm that produces a hash value that can be used to determine the original input, or to find an input that can produce the same hash, more efficiently than brute force techniques.","This weakness is especially dangerous when the hash is used in security algorithms that require the one-way property to hold. For example, if an authentication system takes an incoming password and generates a hash, then compares the hash to another hash that it has stored in its authentication database, then the ability to create a collision could allow an attacker to provide an alternate password that produces the same target hash, bypassing authentication.",,Unknown,"MD5 considered harmful today: http://www.phreedom.org/research/rogue-ca/
1121 CWE-328,Reversible One-Way Hash (Type: Base),"The product uses a hashing algorithm that produces a hash value that can be used to determine the original input, or to find an input that can produce the same hash, more efficiently than brute force techniques.
1122 This weakness is especially dangerous when the hash is used in security algorithms that require the one-way property to hold. For example, if an authentication system takes an incoming password and generates a hash, then compares the hash to another hash that it has stored in its authentication database, then the ability to create a collision could allow an attacker to provide an alternate password that produces the same target hash, bypassing authentication.",,Unknown,"MD5 considered harmful today: http://www.phreedom.org/research/rogue-ca/
7871123 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Common Vulnerabilities of Integrity"", Page 47.
7881124 RFC2898 - PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2898
7891125 How To Safely Store A Password: http://codahale.com/how-to-safely-store-a-password/
7921128 Password security: past, present, future: http://www.openwall.com/presentations/PHDays2012-Password-Security/
7931129 Our password hashing has no clothes: http://www.troyhunt.com/2012/06/our-password-hashing-has-no-clothes.html
7941130 Should we really use bcrypt/scrypt?: http://www.analyticalengine.net/2012/06/should-we-really-use-bcryptscrypt/"
795 CWE-33,Path Traversal: .... (Multiple Dot) (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '....' (multiple dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1131 CWE-33,Path Traversal: .... (Multiple Dot) (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '....' (multiple dot) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1132 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
7961133 The '....' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. On some Windows systems, it is equivalent to ""..\..\.."" and might bypass checks that assume only two dots are valid. Incomplete filtering, such as removal of ""./"" sequences, can ultimately produce valid "".."" sequences due to a collapse into unsafe value (CWE-182).",,Unknown,
797 CWE-331,Insufficient Entropy (Type: Base),"The software uses an algorithm or scheme that produces insufficient entropy, leaving patterns or clusters of values that are more likely to occur than others.","When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Unknown,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
798 CWE-334,Small Space of Random Values (Type: Base),"The number of possible random values is smaller than needed by the product, making it more susceptible to brute force attacks.",The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1134 CWE-331,Insufficient Entropy (Type: Base),"The software uses an algorithm or scheme that produces insufficient entropy, leaving patterns or clusters of values that are more likely to occur than others.
1135 When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.",,Unknown,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1136 CWE-334,Small Space of Random Values (Type: Base),"The number of possible random values is smaller than needed by the product, making it more susceptible to brute force attacks.
1137 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
7991138 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
800 CWE-335,PRNG Seed Error (Type: Class),A Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) uses seeds incorrectly.,The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
801 CWE-336,Same Seed in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG uses the same seed each time the product is initialized. If an attacker can guess (or knows) the seed, then he/she may be able to determine the ""random"" number produced from the PRNG.",The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
802 CWE-337,Predictable Seed in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG is initialized from a predictable seed, e.g. using process ID or system time.",The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1139 CWE-335,PRNG Seed Error (Type: Class),"A Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) uses seeds incorrectly.
1140 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
1141 CWE-336,Same Seed in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG uses the same seed each time the product is initialized. If an attacker can guess (or knows) the seed, then he/she may be able to determine the ""random"" number produced from the PRNG.
1142 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1143 CWE-337,Predictable Seed in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG is initialized from a predictable seed, e.g. using process ID or system time.
1144 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8031145 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
804 CWE-339,Small Seed Space in PRNG (Type: Base),A PRNG uses a relatively small space of seeds.,The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.,,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
805 CWE-34,Path Traversal: ....// (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '....//' (doubled dot dot slash) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1146 CWE-339,Small Seed Space in PRNG (Type: Base),"A PRNG uses a relatively small space of seeds.
1147 The rate at which true random numbers can be generated is limited. It is important that one uses them only when they are needed for security.",,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1148 CWE-34,Path Traversal: ....// (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '....//' (doubled dot dot slash) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1149 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8061150 The '....//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then ""....//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). It could also be useful when "".."" is removed, if the operating system treats ""//"" and ""/"" as equivalent.",,Unknown,
807 CWE-340,Predictability Problems (Type: Class),Weaknesses in this category are related to schemes that generate numbers or identifiers that are more predictable than required by the application.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1151 CWE-340,Predictability Problems (Type: Class),"Weaknesses in this category are related to schemes that generate numbers or identifiers that are more predictable than required by the application.
1152 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8081153 The '....//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then ""....//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). It could also be useful when "".."" is removed, if the operating system treats ""//"" and ""/"" as equivalent.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
809 CWE-341,Predictable from Observable State (Type: Base),"A number or object is predictable based on observations that the attacker can make about the state of the system or network, such as time, process ID, etc.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1154 CWE-341,Predictable from Observable State (Type: Base),"A number or object is predictable based on observations that the attacker can make about the state of the system or network, such as time, process ID, etc.
1155 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8101156 The '....//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then ""....//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). It could also be useful when "".."" is removed, if the operating system treats ""//"" and ""/"" as equivalent.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8111157 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
812 CWE-342,Predictable Exact Value from Previous Values (Type: Base),An exact value or random number can be precisely predicted by observing previous values.,"This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1158 CWE-342,Predictable Exact Value from Previous Values (Type: Base),"An exact value or random number can be precisely predicted by observing previous values.
1159 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8131160 The '....//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then ""....//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). It could also be useful when "".."" is removed, if the operating system treats ""//"" and ""/"" as equivalent.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8141161 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
815 CWE-343,Predictable Value Range from Previous Values (Type: Base),"The software's random number generator produces a series of values which, when observed, can be used to infer a relatively small range of possibilities for the next value that could be generated.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1162 CWE-343,Predictable Value Range from Previous Values (Type: Base),"The software's random number generator produces a series of values which, when observed, can be used to infer a relatively small range of possibilities for the next value that could be generated.
1163 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,"SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8161164 Strange Attractors and TCP/IP Sequence Number Analysis: http://www.bindview.com/Services/Razor/Papers/2001/tcpseq.cfm
8171165 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 20: Weak Random Numbers."" Page 299"
818 CWE-344,Use of Invariant Value in Dynamically Changing Context (Type: Base),"The product uses a constant value, name, or reference, but this value can (or should) vary across different environments.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
819 CWE-345,Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity (Type: Class),"The software does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231"
820 CWE-346,Origin Validation Error (Type: Base),The software does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.,"The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
821 CWE-347,Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature (Type: Base),"The software does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
822 CWE-348,Use of Less Trusted Source (Type: Base),"The software has two different sources of the same data or information, but it uses the source that has less support for verification, is less trusted, or is less resistant to attack.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
823 CWE-349,Acceptance of Extraneous Untrusted Data With Trusted Data (Type: Base),"The software, when processing trusted data, accepts any untrusted data that is also included with the trusted data, treating the untrusted data as if it were trusted.","The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
824 CWE-35,Path Traversal: .../...// (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '.../...//' (doubled triple dot slash) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.","This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
1166 CWE-344,Use of Invariant Value in Dynamically Changing Context (Type: Base),"The product uses a constant value, name, or reference, but this value can (or should) vary across different environments.
1167 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
1168 CWE-345,Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity (Type: Class),"The software does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.
1169 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231"
1170 CWE-346,Origin Validation Error (Type: Base),"The software does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
1171 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
1172 CWE-347,Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature (Type: Base),"The software does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.
1173 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
1174 CWE-348,Use of Less Trusted Source (Type: Base),"The software has two different sources of the same data or information, but it uses the source that has less support for verification, is less trusted, or is less resistant to attack.
1175 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
1176 CWE-349,Acceptance of Extraneous Untrusted Data With Trusted Data (Type: Base),"The software, when processing trusted data, accepts any untrusted data that is also included with the trusted data, treating the untrusted data as if it were trusted.
1177 The output of a random number generator should not be predictable based on observations of previous values. In some cases, an attacker cannot predict the exact value that will be produced next, but can narrow down the possibilities significantly. This reduces the amount of effort to perform a brute force attack. For example, suppose the product generates random numbers between 1 and 100, but it always produces a larger value until it reaches 100. If the generator produces an 80, then the attacker knows that the next value will be somewhere between 81 and 100. Instead of 100 possibilities, the attacker only needs to consider 20.",,Unknown,
1178 CWE-35,Path Traversal: .../...// (Type: Variant),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '.../...//' (doubled triple dot slash) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1179 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.
8251180 The '.../...//' manipulation is useful for bypassing some path traversal protection schemes. If ""../"" is filtered in a sequential fashion, as done by some regular expression engines, then "".../...//"" can collapse into the ""../"" unsafe value (CWE-182). Removing the first ""../"" yields ""....//""; the second removal yields ""../"". Depending on the algorithm, the software could be susceptible to CWE-34 but not CWE-35, or vice versa.",,Unknown,
826 CWE-350,Reliance on Reverse DNS Resolution for a Security-Critical Action (Type: Variant),"The software performs reverse DNS resolution on an IP address to obtain the hostname and make a security decision, but it does not properly ensure that the IP address is truly associated with the hostname.","When the software performs a reverse DNS resolution for an IP address, if an attacker controls the server for that IP address, then the attacker can cause the server to return an arbitrary hostname. As a result, the attacker may be able to bypass authentication, cause the wrong hostname to be recorded in log files to hide activities, or perform other attacks.
1181 CWE-350,Reliance on Reverse DNS Resolution for a Security-Critical Action (Type: Variant),"The software performs reverse DNS resolution on an IP address to obtain the hostname and make a security decision, but it does not properly ensure that the IP address is truly associated with the hostname.
1182 When the software performs a reverse DNS resolution for an IP address, if an attacker controls the server for that IP address, then the attacker can cause the server to return an arbitrary hostname. As a result, the attacker may be able to bypass authentication, cause the wrong hostname to be recorded in log files to hide activities, or perform other attacks.
8271183 Attackers can spoof DNS names by either (1) compromising a DNS server and modifying its records (sometimes called DNS cache poisoning), or (2) having legitimate control over a DNS server associated with their IP address.
8281184 Since DNS names can be easily spoofed or misreported, and it may be difficult for the software to detect if a trusted DNS server has not been compromised, they do not constitute a valid authentication mechanism.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 15: Not Updating Easily."" Page 231
8291185 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 24: Trusting Network Name Resolution."" Page 361
8301186 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 16, ""DNS Spoofing"", Page 1002."
831 CWE-351,Insufficient Type Distinction (Type: Base),The software does not properly distinguish between different types of elements in a way that leads to insecure behavior.,"When the software performs a reverse DNS resolution for an IP address, if an attacker controls the server for that IP address, then the attacker can cause the server to return an arbitrary hostname. As a result, the attacker may be able to bypass authentication, cause the wrong hostname to be recorded in log files to hide activities, or perform other attacks.
1187 CWE-351,Insufficient Type Distinction (Type: Base),"The software does not properly distinguish between different types of elements in a way that leads to insecure behavior.
1188 When the software performs a reverse DNS resolution for an IP address, if an attacker controls the server for that IP address, then the attacker can cause the server to return an arbitrary hostname. As a result, the attacker may be able to bypass authentication, cause the wrong hostname to be recorded in log files to hide activities, or perform other attacks.
8321189 Attackers can spoof DNS names by either (1) compromising a DNS server and modifying its records (sometimes called DNS cache poisoning), or (2) having legitimate control over a DNS server associated with their IP address.
8331190 Since DNS names can be easily spoofed or misreported, and it may be difficult for the software to detect if a trusted DNS server has not been compromised, they do not constitute a valid authentication mechanism.",,Unknown,
834 CWE-356,Product UI does not Warn User of Unsafe Actions (Type: Base),The software's user interface does not warn the user before undertaking an unsafe action on behalf of that user. This makes it easier for attackers to trick users into inflicting damage to their system.,"Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
835 CWE-357,Insufficient UI Warning of Dangerous Operations (Type: Base),"The user interface provides a warning to a user regarding dangerous or sensitive operations, but the warning is not noticeable enough to warrant attention.","Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
836 CWE-358,Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard (Type: Base),"The software does not implement or incorrectly implements one or more security-relevant checks as specified by the design of a standardized algorithm, protocol, or technique.","Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
837 CWE-359,Privacy Violation (Type: Class),"Mishandling private information, such as customer passwords or social security numbers, can compromise user privacy and is often illegal.","Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,"AOL man pleads guilty to selling 92m email addies: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/02/07/aol_email_theft/
1191 CWE-356,Product UI does not Warn User of Unsafe Actions (Type: Base),"The software's user interface does not warn the user before undertaking an unsafe action on behalf of that user. This makes it easier for attackers to trick users into inflicting damage to their system.
1192 Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
1193 CWE-357,Insufficient UI Warning of Dangerous Operations (Type: Base),"The user interface provides a warning to a user regarding dangerous or sensitive operations, but the warning is not noticeable enough to warrant attention.
1194 Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
1195 CWE-358,Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard (Type: Base),"The software does not implement or incorrectly implements one or more security-relevant checks as specified by the design of a standardized algorithm, protocol, or technique.
1196 Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,
1197 CWE-359,Privacy Violation (Type: Class),"Mishandling private information, such as customer passwords or social security numbers, can compromise user privacy and is often illegal.
1198 Software systems should warn users that a potentially dangerous action may occur if the user proceeds. For example, if the user downloads a file from an unknown source and attempts to execute the file on their machine, then the application's GUI can indicate that the file is unsafe.",,Unknown,"AOL man pleads guilty to selling 92m email addies: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/02/07/aol_email_theft/
8381199 Safe Harbor Privacy Framework: http://www.export.gov/safeharbor/
8391200 Financial Privacy: The Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA): http://www.ftc.gov/privacy/glbact/index.html
8401201 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA): http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/hipaa/
8411202 California SB-1386: http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/01-02/bill/sen/sb_1351-1400/sb_1386_bill_20020926_chaptered.html
8421203 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULES: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
8431204 Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/"
844 CWE-36,Absolute Path Traversal (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize absolute path sequences such as ""/abs/path"" that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.",This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.,,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Filenames and Paths"", Page 503."
845 CWE-363,Race Condition Enabling Link Following (Type: Base),"The software checks the status of a file or directory before accessing it, which produces a race condition in which the file can be replaced with a link before the access is performed, causing the software to access the wrong file.","While developers might expect that there is a very narrow time window between the time of check and time of use, there is still a race condition. An attacker could cause the software to slow down (e.g. with memory consumption), causing the time window to become larger. Alternately, in some situations, the attacker could win the race by performing a large number of attacks.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Race Conditions"", Page 526."
846 CWE-368,Context Switching Race Condition (Type: Base),"A product performs a series of non-atomic actions to switch between contexts that cross privilege or other security boundaries, but a race condition allows an attacker to modify or misrepresent the product's behavior during the switch.","This is commonly seen in web browser vulnerabilities in which the attacker can perform certain actions while the browser is transitioning from a trusted to an untrusted domain, or vice versa, and the browser performs the actions on one domain using the trust level and resources of the other domain.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
847 CWE-37,Path Traversal: /absolute/pathname/here (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts input in the form of a slash absolute path ('/absolute/pathname/here') without appropriate validation can allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"This weakness typically occurs when an unexpected value is provided to the product, or if an error occurs that is not properly detected. It frequently occurs in calculations involving physical dimensions such as size, length, width, and height.",,Unknown,
848 CWE-372,Incomplete Internal State Distinction (Type: Base),"The software does not properly determine which state it is in, causing it to assume it is in state X when in fact it is in state Y, causing it to perform incorrect operations in a security-relevant manner.","If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,
849 CWE-373,DEPRECATED: State Synchronization Error (Type: Base),This entry was deprecated because it overlapped the same concepts as race condition (CWE-362) and Improper Synchronization (CWE-662).,"If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,
850 CWE-377,Insecure Temporary File (Type: Base),Creating and using insecure temporary files can leave application and system data vulnerable to attack.,"If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 23, ""Creating Temporary Files Securely"" Page 682
1205 CWE-36,Absolute Path Traversal (Type: Base),"The software uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize absolute path sequences such as ""/abs/path"" that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
1206 This allows attackers to traverse the file system to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Filenames and Paths"", Page 503."
1207 CWE-363,Race Condition Enabling Link Following (Type: Base),"The software checks the status of a file or directory before accessing it, which produces a race condition in which the file can be replaced with a link before the access is performed, causing the software to access the wrong file.
1208 While developers might expect that there is a very narrow time window between the time of check and time of use, there is still a race condition. An attacker could cause the software to slow down (e.g. with memory consumption), causing the time window to become larger. Alternately, in some situations, the attacker could win the race by performing a large number of attacks.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Race Conditions"", Page 526."
1209 CWE-368,Context Switching Race Condition (Type: Base),"A product performs a series of non-atomic actions to switch between contexts that cross privilege or other security boundaries, but a race condition allows an attacker to modify or misrepresent the product's behavior during the switch.
1210 This is commonly seen in web browser vulnerabilities in which the attacker can perform certain actions while the browser is transitioning from a trusted to an untrusted domain, or vice versa, and the browser performs the actions on one domain using the trust level and resources of the other domain.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
1211 CWE-37,Path Traversal: /absolute/pathname/here (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts input in the form of a slash absolute path ('/absolute/pathname/here') without appropriate validation can allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1212 This weakness typically occurs when an unexpected value is provided to the product, or if an error occurs that is not properly detected. It frequently occurs in calculations involving physical dimensions such as size, length, width, and height.",,Unknown,
1213 CWE-372,Incomplete Internal State Distinction (Type: Base),"The software does not properly determine which state it is in, causing it to assume it is in state X when in fact it is in state Y, causing it to perform incorrect operations in a security-relevant manner.
1214 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,
1215 CWE-373,DEPRECATED: State Synchronization Error (Type: Base),"This entry was deprecated because it overlapped the same concepts as race condition (CWE-362) and Improper Synchronization (CWE-662).
1216 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,
1217 CWE-377,Insecure Temporary File (Type: Base),"Creating and using insecure temporary files can leave application and system data vulnerable to attack.
1218 If the revocation status of a certificate is not checked before each action that requires privileges, the system may be subject to a race condition. If a certificate is revoked after the initial check, all subsequent actions taken with the owner of the revoked certificate will lose all benefits guaranteed by the certificate. In fact, it is almost certain that the use of a revoked certificate indicates malicious activity.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 23, ""Creating Temporary Files Securely"" Page 682
8511219 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Temporary Files"", Page 538.
8521220 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""File Squatting"", Page 662."
853 CWE-38,Path Traversal: \absolute\pathname\here (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts input in the form of a backslash absolute path ('\absolute\pathname\here') without appropriate validation can allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Unknown,
854 CWE-382,J2EE Bad Practices: Use of System.exit() (Type: Variant),"A J2EE application uses System.exit(), which also shuts down its container.","On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Unknown,
855 CWE-383,J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Use of Threads (Type: Variant),Thread management in a Web application is forbidden in some circumstances and is always highly error prone.,"Thread management in a web application is forbidden by the J2EE standard in some circumstances and is always highly error prone. Managing threads is difficult and is likely to interfere in unpredictable ways with the behavior of the application container. Even without interfering with the container, thread management usually leads to bugs that are hard to detect and diagnose like deadlock, race conditions, and other synchronization errors.",,Unknown,
856 CWE-386,Symbolic Name not Mapping to Correct Object (Type: Base),"A constant symbolic reference to an object is used, even though the reference can resolve to a different object over time.","In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
1221 CWE-38,Path Traversal: \absolute\pathname\here (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts input in the form of a backslash absolute path ('\absolute\pathname\here') without appropriate validation can allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1222 On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Unknown,
1223 CWE-382,J2EE Bad Practices: Use of System.exit() (Type: Variant),"A J2EE application uses System.exit(), which also shuts down its container.
1224 On some operating systems, the fact that the temporary file exists may be apparent to any user with sufficient privileges to access that directory. Since the file is visible, the application that is using the temporary file could be known. If one has access to list the processes on the system, the attacker has gained information about what the user is doing at that time. By correlating this with the applications the user is running, an attacker could potentially discover what a user's actions are. From this, higher levels of security could be breached.",,Unknown,
1225 CWE-383,J2EE Bad Practices: Direct Use of Threads (Type: Variant),"Thread management in a Web application is forbidden in some circumstances and is always highly error prone.
1226 Thread management in a web application is forbidden by the J2EE standard in some circumstances and is always highly error prone. Managing threads is difficult and is likely to interfere in unpredictable ways with the behavior of the application container. Even without interfering with the container, thread management usually leads to bugs that are hard to detect and diagnose like deadlock, race conditions, and other synchronization errors.",,Unknown,
1227 CWE-386,Symbolic Name not Mapping to Correct Object (Type: Base),"A constant symbolic reference to an object is used, even though the reference can resolve to a different object over time.
1228 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
8571229 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Unknown,
858 CWE-39,Path Traversal: C:dirname (Type: Variant),An attacker can inject a drive letter or Windows volume letter ('C:dirname') into a software system to potentially redirect access to an unintended location or arbitrary file.,"In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
1230 CWE-39,Path Traversal: C:dirname (Type: Variant),"An attacker can inject a drive letter or Windows volume letter ('C:dirname') into a software system to potentially redirect access to an unintended location or arbitrary file.
1231 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
8591232 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Unknown,
860 CWE-392,Missing Report of Error Condition (Type: Base),The software encounters an error but does not provide a status code or return value to indicate that an error has occurred.,"In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
1233 CWE-392,Missing Report of Error Condition (Type: Base),"The software encounters an error but does not provide a status code or return value to indicate that an error has occurred.
1234 In some instances, knowing when data is transmitted between parties can provide a malicious user with privileged information. Also, externally monitoring the timing of operations can potentially reveal sensitive data. For example, a cryptographic operation can expose its internal state if the time it takes to perform the operation varies, based on the state.
8611235 Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Some examples of covert timing channels are the system's paging rate, the time a certain transaction requires to execute, and the time it takes to gain access to a shared bus.",,Unknown,
862 CWE-393,Return of Wrong Status Code (Type: Base),"A function or operation returns an incorrect return value or status code that does not indicate an error, but causes the product to modify its behavior based on the incorrect result.","This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
863 CWE-394,Unexpected Status Code or Return Value (Type: Base),"The software does not properly check when a function or operation returns a value that is legitimate for the function, but is not expected by the software.","This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
864 CWE-395,Use of NullPointerException Catch to Detect NULL Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),Catching NullPointerException should not be used as an alternative to programmatic checks to prevent dereferencing a null pointer.,"This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
865 CWE-396,Declaration of Catch for Generic Exception (Type: Base),Catching overly broad exceptions promotes complex error handling code that is more likely to contain security vulnerabilities.,"Multiple catch blocks can get ugly and repetitive, but ""condensing"" catch blocks by catching a high-level class like Exception can obscure exceptions that deserve special treatment or that should not be caught at this point in the program. Catching an overly broad exception essentially defeats the purpose of Java's typed exceptions, and can become particularly dangerous if the program grows and begins to throw new types of exceptions. The new exception types will not receive any attention.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 9: Catching Exceptions."" Page 157"
866 CWE-397,Declaration of Throws for Generic Exception (Type: Base),Throwing overly broad exceptions promotes complex error handling code that is more likely to contain security vulnerabilities.,"Declaring a method to throw Exception or Throwable makes it difficult for callers to perform proper error handling and error recovery. Java's exception mechanism, for example, is set up to make it easy for callers to anticipate what can go wrong and write code to handle each specific exceptional circumstance. Declaring that a method throws a generic form of exception defeats this system.",,Unknown,
867 CWE-398,Indicator of Poor Code Quality (Type: Class),"The code has features that do not directly introduce a weakness or vulnerability, but indicate that the product has not been carefully developed or maintained.","Programs are more likely to be secure when good development practices are followed. If a program is complex, difficult to maintain, not portable, or shows evidence of neglect, then there is a higher likelihood that weaknesses are buried in the code.",,Unknown,
868 CWE-40,Path Traversal: \\UNC\share\name\ (Windows UNC Share) (Type: Variant),An attacker can inject a Windows UNC share ('\\UNC\share\name') into a software system to potentially redirect access to an unintended location or arbitrary file.,"Programs are more likely to be secure when good development practices are followed. If a program is complex, difficult to maintain, not portable, or shows evidence of neglect, then there is a higher likelihood that weaknesses are buried in the code.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Filelike Objects"", Page 664."
869 CWE-402,Transmission of Private Resources into a New Sphere (Resource Leak) (Type: Class),The software makes resources available to untrusted parties when those resources are only intended to be accessed by the software.,This is often triggered by improper handling of malformed data or unexpectedly interrupted sessions.,,Unknown,
870 CWE-403,Exposure of File Descriptor to Unintended Control Sphere (File Descriptor Leak) (Type: Base),"A process does not close sensitive file descriptors before invoking a child process, which allows the child to perform unauthorized I/O operations using those descriptors.","When a new process is forked or executed, the child process inherits any open file descriptors. When the child process has fewer privileges than the parent process, this might introduce a vulnerability if the child process can access the file descriptor but does not have the privileges to access the associated file.",,Unknown,"File descriptors and setuid applications: https://blogs.oracle.com/paulr/entry/file_descriptors_and_setuid_applications
1236 CWE-393,Return of Wrong Status Code (Type: Base),"A function or operation returns an incorrect return value or status code that does not indicate an error, but causes the product to modify its behavior based on the incorrect result.
1237 This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
1238 CWE-394,Unexpected Status Code or Return Value (Type: Base),"The software does not properly check when a function or operation returns a value that is legitimate for the function, but is not expected by the software.
1239 This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
1240 CWE-395,Use of NullPointerException Catch to Detect NULL Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"Catching NullPointerException should not be used as an alternative to programmatic checks to prevent dereferencing a null pointer.
1241 This can lead to unpredictable behavior. If the function is used to make security-critical decisions or provide security-critical information, then the wrong status code can cause the software to assume that an action is safe, even when it is not.",,Unknown,
1242 CWE-396,Declaration of Catch for Generic Exception (Type: Base),"Catching overly broad exceptions promotes complex error handling code that is more likely to contain security vulnerabilities.
1243 Multiple catch blocks can get ugly and repetitive, but ""condensing"" catch blocks by catching a high-level class like Exception can obscure exceptions that deserve special treatment or that should not be caught at this point in the program. Catching an overly broad exception essentially defeats the purpose of Java's typed exceptions, and can become particularly dangerous if the program grows and begins to throw new types of exceptions. The new exception types will not receive any attention.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 9: Catching Exceptions."" Page 157"
1244 CWE-397,Declaration of Throws for Generic Exception (Type: Base),"Throwing overly broad exceptions promotes complex error handling code that is more likely to contain security vulnerabilities.
1245 Declaring a method to throw Exception or Throwable makes it difficult for callers to perform proper error handling and error recovery. Java's exception mechanism, for example, is set up to make it easy for callers to anticipate what can go wrong and write code to handle each specific exceptional circumstance. Declaring that a method throws a generic form of exception defeats this system.",,Unknown,
1246 CWE-398,Indicator of Poor Code Quality (Type: Class),"The code has features that do not directly introduce a weakness or vulnerability, but indicate that the product has not been carefully developed or maintained.
1247 Programs are more likely to be secure when good development practices are followed. If a program is complex, difficult to maintain, not portable, or shows evidence of neglect, then there is a higher likelihood that weaknesses are buried in the code.",,Unknown,
1248 CWE-40,Path Traversal: \\UNC\share\name\ (Windows UNC Share) (Type: Variant),"An attacker can inject a Windows UNC share ('\\UNC\share\name') into a software system to potentially redirect access to an unintended location or arbitrary file.
1249 Programs are more likely to be secure when good development practices are followed. If a program is complex, difficult to maintain, not portable, or shows evidence of neglect, then there is a higher likelihood that weaknesses are buried in the code.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Filelike Objects"", Page 664."
1250 CWE-402,Transmission of Private Resources into a New Sphere (Resource Leak) (Type: Class),"The software makes resources available to untrusted parties when those resources are only intended to be accessed by the software.
1251 This is often triggered by improper handling of malformed data or unexpectedly interrupted sessions.",,Unknown,
1252 CWE-403,Exposure of File Descriptor to Unintended Control Sphere (File Descriptor Leak) (Type: Base),"A process does not close sensitive file descriptors before invoking a child process, which allows the child to perform unauthorized I/O operations using those descriptors.
1253 When a new process is forked or executed, the child process inherits any open file descriptors. When the child process has fewer privileges than the parent process, this might introduce a vulnerability if the child process can access the file descriptor but does not have the privileges to access the associated file.",,Unknown,"File descriptors and setuid applications: https://blogs.oracle.com/paulr/entry/file_descriptors_and_setuid_applications
8711254 Introduction to Secure Coding Guide: https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/security/conceptual/SecureCodingGuide/Articles/AccessControl.html"
872 CWE-405,Asymmetric Resource Consumption (Amplification) (Type: Class),Software that does not appropriately monitor or control resource consumption can lead to adverse system performance.,"This situation is amplified if the software allows malicious users or attackers to consume more resources than their access level permits. Exploiting such a weakness can lead to asymmetric resource consumption, aiding in amplification attacks against the system or the network.",,Unknown,
873 CWE-406,Insufficient Control of Network Message Volume (Network Amplification) (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently monitor or control transmitted network traffic volume, so that an actor can cause the software to transmit more traffic than should be allowed for that actor.","In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Unknown,
874 CWE-408,Incorrect Behavior Order: Early Amplification (Type: Base),The software allows an entity to perform a legitimate but expensive operation before authentication or authorization has taken place.,"In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Unknown,
875 CWE-409,Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) (Type: Base),The software does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.,"An example of data amplification is a ""decompression bomb,"" a small ZIP file that can produce a large amount of data when it is decompressed.",,Unknown,
876 CWE-41,Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence (Type: Base),The system or application is vulnerable to file system contents disclosure through path equivalence. Path equivalence involves the use of special characters in file and directory names. The associated manipulations are intended to generate multiple names for the same object.,"Path equivalence is usually employed in order to circumvent access controls expressed using an incomplete set of file name or file path representations. This is different from path traversal, wherein the manipulations are performed to generate a name for a different object.",,Unknown,
877 CWE-410,Insufficient Resource Pool (Type: Base),"The software's resource pool is not large enough to handle peak demand, which allows an attacker to prevent others from accessing the resource by using a (relatively) large number of requests for resources.","Frequently the consequence is a ""flood"" of connection or sessions.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 17, ""Protecting Against Denial of Service Attacks"" Page 517"
878 CWE-412,Unrestricted Externally Accessible Lock (Type: Base),"The software properly checks for the existence of a lock, but the lock can be externally controlled or influenced by an actor that is outside of the intended sphere of control.","This prevents the software from acting on associated resources or performing other behaviors that are controlled by the presence of the lock. Relevant locks might include an exclusive lock or mutex, or modifying a shared resource that is treated as a lock. If the lock can be held for an indefinite period of time, then the denial of service could be permanent.",,Unknown,
879 CWE-413,Improper Resource Locking (Type: Base),The software does not lock or does not correctly lock a resource when the software must have exclusive access to the resource.,"When a resource is not properly locked, an attacker could modify the resource while it is being operated on by the software. This might violate the software's assumption that the resource will not change, potentially leading to unexpected behaviors.",,Unknown,
880 CWE-414,Missing Lock Check (Type: Base),A product does not check to see if a lock is present before performing sensitive operations on a resource.,"When a resource is not properly locked, an attacker could modify the resource while it is being operated on by the software. This might violate the software's assumption that the resource will not change, potentially leading to unexpected behaviors.",,Unknown,
881 CWE-419,Unprotected Primary Channel (Type: Base),"The software uses a primary channel for administration or restricted functionality, but it does not properly protect the channel.","The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
1255 CWE-405,Asymmetric Resource Consumption (Amplification) (Type: Class),"Software that does not appropriately monitor or control resource consumption can lead to adverse system performance.
1256 This situation is amplified if the software allows malicious users or attackers to consume more resources than their access level permits. Exploiting such a weakness can lead to asymmetric resource consumption, aiding in amplification attacks against the system or the network.",,Unknown,
1257 CWE-406,Insufficient Control of Network Message Volume (Network Amplification) (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently monitor or control transmitted network traffic volume, so that an actor can cause the software to transmit more traffic than should be allowed for that actor.
1258 In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Unknown,
1259 CWE-408,Incorrect Behavior Order: Early Amplification (Type: Base),"The software allows an entity to perform a legitimate but expensive operation before authentication or authorization has taken place.
1260 In the absence of a policy to restrict asymmetric resource consumption, the application or system cannot distinguish between legitimate transmissions and traffic intended to serve as an amplifying attack on target systems. Systems can often be configured to restrict the amount of traffic sent out on behalf of a client, based on the client's origin or access level. This is usually defined in a resource allocation policy. In the absence of a mechanism to keep track of transmissions, the system or application can be easily abused to transmit asymmetrically greater traffic than the request or client should be permitted to.",,Unknown,
1261 CWE-409,Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) (Type: Base),"The software does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.
1262 An example of data amplification is a ""decompression bomb,"" a small ZIP file that can produce a large amount of data when it is decompressed.",,Unknown,
1263 CWE-41,Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence (Type: Base),"The system or application is vulnerable to file system contents disclosure through path equivalence. Path equivalence involves the use of special characters in file and directory names. The associated manipulations are intended to generate multiple names for the same object.
1264 Path equivalence is usually employed in order to circumvent access controls expressed using an incomplete set of file name or file path representations. This is different from path traversal, wherein the manipulations are performed to generate a name for a different object.",,Unknown,
1265 CWE-410,Insufficient Resource Pool (Type: Base),"The software's resource pool is not large enough to handle peak demand, which allows an attacker to prevent others from accessing the resource by using a (relatively) large number of requests for resources.
1266 Frequently the consequence is a ""flood"" of connection or sessions.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 17, ""Protecting Against Denial of Service Attacks"" Page 517"
1267 CWE-412,Unrestricted Externally Accessible Lock (Type: Base),"The software properly checks for the existence of a lock, but the lock can be externally controlled or influenced by an actor that is outside of the intended sphere of control.
1268 This prevents the software from acting on associated resources or performing other behaviors that are controlled by the presence of the lock. Relevant locks might include an exclusive lock or mutex, or modifying a shared resource that is treated as a lock. If the lock can be held for an indefinite period of time, then the denial of service could be permanent.",,Unknown,
1269 CWE-413,Improper Resource Locking (Type: Base),"The software does not lock or does not correctly lock a resource when the software must have exclusive access to the resource.
1270 When a resource is not properly locked, an attacker could modify the resource while it is being operated on by the software. This might violate the software's assumption that the resource will not change, potentially leading to unexpected behaviors.",,Unknown,
1271 CWE-414,Missing Lock Check (Type: Base),"A product does not check to see if a lock is present before performing sensitive operations on a resource.
1272 When a resource is not properly locked, an attacker could modify the resource while it is being operated on by the software. This might violate the software's assumption that the resource will not change, potentially leading to unexpected behaviors.",,Unknown,
1273 CWE-419,Unprotected Primary Channel (Type: Base),"The software uses a primary channel for administration or restricted functionality, but it does not properly protect the channel.
1274 The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
8821275 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances.
8831276 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for freeing the memory.
8841277 In this scenario, the memory in question is allocated to another pointer validly at some point after it has been freed. The original pointer to the freed memory is used again and points to somewhere within the new allocation. As the data is changed, it corrupts the validly used memory; this induces undefined behavior in the process.
8851278 If the newly allocated data chances to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap data. If one of these function pointers is overwritten with an address to valid shellcode, execution of arbitrary code can be achieved.",,Unknown,
886 CWE-42,Path Equivalence: filename. (Trailing Dot) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing dot ('filedir.') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
1279 CWE-42,Path Equivalence: filename. (Trailing Dot) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing dot ('filedir.') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1280 The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
8871281 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances.
8881282 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for freeing the memory.
8891283 In this scenario, the memory in question is allocated to another pointer validly at some point after it has been freed. The original pointer to the freed memory is used again and points to somewhere within the new allocation. As the data is changed, it corrupts the validly used memory; this induces undefined behavior in the process.
8901284 If the newly allocated data chances to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap data. If one of these function pointers is overwritten with an address to valid shellcode, execution of arbitrary code can be achieved.",,Unknown,
891 CWE-420,Unprotected Alternate Channel (Type: Base),"The software protects a primary channel, but it does not use the same level of protection for an alternate channel.","The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
1285 CWE-420,Unprotected Alternate Channel (Type: Base),"The software protects a primary channel, but it does not use the same level of protection for an alternate channel.
1286 The use of previously-freed memory can have any number of adverse consequences, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code, depending on the instantiation and timing of the flaw. The simplest way data corruption may occur involves the system's reuse of the freed memory. Use-after-free errors have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:
8921287 Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances.
8931288 Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for freeing the memory.
8941289 In this scenario, the memory in question is allocated to another pointer validly at some point after it has been freed. The original pointer to the freed memory is used again and points to somewhere within the new allocation. As the data is changed, it corrupts the validly used memory; this induces undefined behavior in the process.
8951290 If the newly allocated data chances to hold a class, in C++ for example, various function pointers may be scattered within the heap data. If one of these function pointers is overwritten with an address to valid shellcode, execution of arbitrary code can be achieved.",,Unknown,
896 CWE-421,Race Condition During Access to Alternate Channel (Type: Base),"The product opens an alternate channel to communicate with an authorized user, but the channel is accessible to other actors.",This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.,,Unknown,"Discovering and Exploiting Named Pipe Security Flaws for Fun and Profit: http://www.blakewatts.com/namedpipepaper.html
1291 CWE-421,Race Condition During Access to Alternate Channel (Type: Base),"The product opens an alternate channel to communicate with an authorized user, but the channel is accessible to other actors.
1292 This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.",,Unknown,"Discovering and Exploiting Named Pipe Security Flaws for Fun and Profit: http://www.blakewatts.com/namedpipepaper.html
8971293 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 13: Race Conditions."" Page 205"
898 CWE-422,Unprotected Windows Messaging Channel (Shatter) (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly verify the source of a message in the Windows Messaging System while running at elevated privileges, creating an alternate channel through which an attacker can directly send a message to the product.",This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.,,Unknown,"Exploiting design flaws in the Win32 API for privilege escalation. Or... Shatter Attacks - How to break Windows: http://web.archive.org/web/20060115174629/http://security.tombom.co.uk/shatter.html
1294 CWE-422,Unprotected Windows Messaging Channel (Shatter) (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly verify the source of a message in the Windows Messaging System while running at elevated privileges, creating an alternate channel through which an attacker can directly send a message to the product.
1295 This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.",,Unknown,"Exploiting design flaws in the Win32 API for privilege escalation. Or... Shatter Attacks - How to break Windows: http://web.archive.org/web/20060115174629/http://security.tombom.co.uk/shatter.html
8991296 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Design Review."" Page 34.
9001297 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 12, ""Shatter Attacks"", Page 694."
901 CWE-423,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Proxied Trusted Channel (Type: Base),This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-441. All content has been transferred to CWE-441.,This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.,,Unknown,
902 CWE-424,Improper Protection of Alternate Path (Type: Class),The product does not sufficiently protect all possible paths that a user can take to access restricted functionality or resources.,This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.,,Unknown,
903 CWE-425,Direct Request (Forced Browsing) (Type: Base),"The web application does not adequately enforce appropriate authorization on all restricted URLs, scripts, or files.",Web applications susceptible to direct request attacks often make the false assumption that such resources can only be reached through a given navigation path and so only apply authorization at certain points in the path.,,Unknown,
904 CWE-427,Uncontrolled Search Path Element (Type: Base),"The product uses a fixed or controlled search path to find resources, but one or more locations in that path can be under the control of unintended actors.","Although this weakness can occur with any type of resource, it is frequently introduced when a product uses a directory search path to find executables or code libraries, but the path contains a directory that can be modified by an attacker, such as ""/tmp"" or the current working directory.
1298 CWE-423,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Proxied Trusted Channel (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated because it was a duplicate of CWE-441. All content has been transferred to CWE-441.
1299 This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.",,Unknown,
1300 CWE-424,Improper Protection of Alternate Path (Type: Class),"The product does not sufficiently protect all possible paths that a user can take to access restricted functionality or resources.
1301 This creates a race condition that allows an attacker to access the channel before the authorized user does.",,Unknown,
1302 CWE-425,Direct Request (Forced Browsing) (Type: Base),"The web application does not adequately enforce appropriate authorization on all restricted URLs, scripts, or files.
1303 Web applications susceptible to direct request attacks often make the false assumption that such resources can only be reached through a given navigation path and so only apply authorization at certain points in the path.",,Unknown,
1304 CWE-427,Uncontrolled Search Path Element (Type: Base),"The product uses a fixed or controlled search path to find resources, but one or more locations in that path can be under the control of unintended actors.
1305 Although this weakness can occur with any type of resource, it is frequently introduced when a product uses a directory search path to find executables or code libraries, but the path contains a directory that can be modified by an attacker, such as ""/tmp"" or the current working directory.
9051306 In Windows-based systems, when the LoadLibrary or LoadLibraryEx function is called with a DLL name that does not contain a fully qualified path, the function follows a search order that includes two path elements that might be uncontrolled:
9061307 the directory from which the program has been loaded
9071308 the current working directory.
9151316 Insecure Library Loading Could Allow Remote Code Execution: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/advisory/2269637.mspx
9161317 Application DLL Load Hijacking: http://blog.rapid7.com/?p=5325
9171318 DLL Hijacking: Facts and Fiction: http://threatpost.com/en_us/blogs/dll-hijacking-facts-and-fiction-082610"
918 CWE-428,Unquoted Search Path or Element (Type: Base),"The product uses a search path that contains an unquoted element, in which the element contains whitespace or other separators. This can cause the product to access resources in a parent path.","If a malicious individual has access to the file system, it is possible to elevate privileges by inserting such a file as ""C:\Program.exe"" to be run by a privileged program making use of WinExec.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Process Loading"", Page 654."
919 CWE-43,Path Equivalence: filename.... (Multiple Trailing Dot) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple trailing dot ('filedir....') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"If a malicious individual has access to the file system, it is possible to elevate privileges by inserting such a file as ""C:\Program.exe"" to be run by a privileged program making use of WinExec.",,Unknown,
920 CWE-430,Deployment of Wrong Handler (Type: Base),"The wrong ""handler"" is assigned to process an object.","An example of deploying the wrong handler would be calling a servlet to reveal source code of a .JSP file, or automatically ""determining"" type of the object even if it is contradictory to an explicitly specified type.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
921 CWE-431,Missing Handler (Type: Base),A handler is not available or implemented.,"When an exception is thrown and not caught, the process has given up an opportunity to decide if a given failure or event is worth a change in execution.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
922 CWE-432,Dangerous Signal Handler not Disabled During Sensitive Operations (Type: Base),"The application uses a signal handler that shares state with other signal handlers, but it does not properly mask or prevent those signal handlers from being invoked while the original signal handler is still running.","During the execution of a signal handler, it can be interrupted by another handler when a different signal is sent. If the two handlers share state - such as global variables - then an attacker can corrupt the state by sending another signal before the first handler has completed execution.",,Unknown,
923 CWE-433,Unparsed Raw Web Content Delivery (Type: Variant),The software stores raw content or supporting code under the web document root with an extension that is not specifically handled by the server.,"If code is stored in a file with an extension such as "".inc"" or "".pl"", and the web server does not have a handler for that extension, then the server will likely send the contents of the file directly to the requester without the pre-processing that was expected. When that file contains sensitive information such as database credentials, this may allow the attacker to compromise the application or associated components.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
924 CWE-435,Interaction Error (Type: Class),"An interaction error occurs when two entities work correctly when running independently, but they interact in unexpected ways when they are run together.","This could apply to products, systems, components, etc.",,Unknown,
925 CWE-436,Interpretation Conflict (Type: Base),"Product A handles inputs or steps differently than Product B, which causes A to perform incorrect actions based on its perception of B's state.","This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,"On Interpretation Conflict Vulnerabilities
1319 CWE-428,Unquoted Search Path or Element (Type: Base),"The product uses a search path that contains an unquoted element, in which the element contains whitespace or other separators. This can cause the product to access resources in a parent path.
1320 If a malicious individual has access to the file system, it is possible to elevate privileges by inserting such a file as ""C:\Program.exe"" to be run by a privileged program making use of WinExec.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Process Loading"", Page 654."
1321 CWE-43,Path Equivalence: filename.... (Multiple Trailing Dot) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple trailing dot ('filedir....') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1322 If a malicious individual has access to the file system, it is possible to elevate privileges by inserting such a file as ""C:\Program.exe"" to be run by a privileged program making use of WinExec.",,Unknown,
1323 CWE-430,Deployment of Wrong Handler (Type: Base),"The wrong ""handler"" is assigned to process an object.
1324 An example of deploying the wrong handler would be calling a servlet to reveal source code of a .JSP file, or automatically ""determining"" type of the object even if it is contradictory to an explicitly specified type.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
1325 CWE-431,Missing Handler (Type: Base),"A handler is not available or implemented.
1326 When an exception is thrown and not caught, the process has given up an opportunity to decide if a given failure or event is worth a change in execution.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
1327 CWE-432,Dangerous Signal Handler not Disabled During Sensitive Operations (Type: Base),"The application uses a signal handler that shares state with other signal handlers, but it does not properly mask or prevent those signal handlers from being invoked while the original signal handler is still running.
1328 During the execution of a signal handler, it can be interrupted by another handler when a different signal is sent. If the two handlers share state - such as global variables - then an attacker can corrupt the state by sending another signal before the first handler has completed execution.",,Unknown,
1329 CWE-433,Unparsed Raw Web Content Delivery (Type: Variant),"The software stores raw content or supporting code under the web document root with an extension that is not specifically handled by the server.
1330 If code is stored in a file with an extension such as "".inc"" or "".pl"", and the web server does not have a handler for that extension, then the server will likely send the contents of the file directly to the requester without the pre-processing that was expected. When that file contains sensitive information such as database credentials, this may allow the attacker to compromise the application or associated components.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""File Handlers"", Page 74."
1331 CWE-435,Interaction Error (Type: Class),"An interaction error occurs when two entities work correctly when running independently, but they interact in unexpected ways when they are run together.
1332 This could apply to products, systems, components, etc.",,Unknown,
1333 CWE-436,Interpretation Conflict (Type: Base),"Product A handles inputs or steps differently than Product B, which causes A to perform incorrect actions based on its perception of B's state.
1334 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,"On Interpretation Conflict Vulnerabilities
9261335 Insertion, Evasion, and Denial of Service: Eluding Network Intrusion Detection: http://www.insecure.org/stf/secnet_ids/secnet_ids.pdf
9271336 0x00 vs ASP file upload scripts: http://www.security-assessment.com/Whitepapers/0x00_vs_ASP_File_Uploads.pdf
9281337 Poison NULL byte
9291338 Re: Corsaire Security Advisory - Multiple vendor MIME RFC2047 encoding: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=bugtraq&m=109525864717484&w=2"
930 CWE-437,Incomplete Model of Endpoint Features (Type: Base),"A product acts as an intermediary or monitor between two or more endpoints, but it does not have a complete model of an endpoint's features, behaviors, or state, potentially causing the product to perform incorrect actions based on this incomplete model.","This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
931 CWE-439,Behavioral Change in New Version or Environment (Type: Base),"A's behavior or functionality changes with a new version of A, or a new environment, which is not known (or manageable) by B.","This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
932 CWE-44,Path Equivalence: file.name (Internal Dot) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of internal dot ('file.ordir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
933 CWE-440,Expected Behavior Violation (Type: Base),"A feature, API, or function being used by a product behaves differently than the product expects.","This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
934 CWE-441,Unintended Proxy or Intermediary (Confused Deputy) (Type: Class),"The software receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the software does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the software's control sphere. This causes the software to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.","If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
1339 CWE-437,Incomplete Model of Endpoint Features (Type: Base),"A product acts as an intermediary or monitor between two or more endpoints, but it does not have a complete model of an endpoint's features, behaviors, or state, potentially causing the product to perform incorrect actions based on this incomplete model.
1340 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
1341 CWE-439,Behavioral Change in New Version or Environment (Type: Base),"A's behavior or functionality changes with a new version of A, or a new environment, which is not known (or manageable) by B.
1342 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
1343 CWE-44,Path Equivalence: file.name (Internal Dot) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of internal dot ('file.ordir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1344 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
1345 CWE-440,Expected Behavior Violation (Type: Base),"A feature, API, or function being used by a product behaves differently than the product expects.
1346 This is generally found in proxies, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other intermediary devices that allow, deny, or modify traffic based on how the client or server is expected to behave.",,Unknown,
1347 CWE-441,Unintended Proxy or Intermediary (Confused Deputy) (Type: Class),"The software receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the software does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the software's control sphere. This causes the software to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.
1348 If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
9351349 Since proxy functionality and message-forwarding often serve a legitimate purpose, this issue only becomes a vulnerability when:
9361350 The software runs with different privileges or on a different system, or otherwise has different levels of access than the upstream component;
9371351 The attacker is prevented from making the request directly to the target; and
9381352 The attacker can create a request that the proxy does not explicitly intend to be forwarded on the behalf of the requester. Such a request might point to an unexpected hostname, port number, or service. Or, the request might be sent to an allowed service, but the request could contain disallowed directives, commands, or resources.",,Unknown,The Confused Deputy (or why capabilities might have been invented): http://www.cap-lore.com/CapTheory/ConfusedDeputy.html
939 CWE-443,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): HTTP response splitting (Type: Base),This weakness can be found at CWE-113.,"If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
1353 CWE-443,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): HTTP response splitting (Type: Base),"This weakness can be found at CWE-113.
1354 If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
9401355 Since proxy functionality and message-forwarding often serve a legitimate purpose, this issue only becomes a vulnerability when:
9411356 The software runs with different privileges or on a different system, or otherwise has different levels of access than the upstream component;
9421357 The attacker is prevented from making the request directly to the target; and
9431358 The attacker can create a request that the proxy does not explicitly intend to be forwarded on the behalf of the requester. Such a request might point to an unexpected hostname, port number, or service. Or, the request might be sent to an allowed service, but the request could contain disallowed directives, commands, or resources.",,Unknown,
944 CWE-444,Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (HTTP Request Smuggling) (Type: Base),"When malformed or abnormal HTTP requests are interpreted by one or more entities in the data flow between the user and the web server, such as a proxy or firewall, they can be interpreted inconsistently, allowing the attacker to ""smuggle"" a request to one device without the other device being aware of it.","If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
1359 CWE-444,Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (HTTP Request Smuggling) (Type: Base),"When malformed or abnormal HTTP requests are interpreted by one or more entities in the data flow between the user and the web server, such as a proxy or firewall, they can be interpreted inconsistently, allowing the attacker to ""smuggle"" a request to one device without the other device being aware of it.
1360 If an attacker cannot directly contact a target, but the software has access to the target, then the attacker can send a request to the software and have it be forwarded from the target. The request would appear to be coming from the software's system, not the attacker's system. As a result, the attacker can bypass access controls (such as firewalls) or hide the source of malicious requests, since the requests would not be coming directly from the attacker.
9451361 Since proxy functionality and message-forwarding often serve a legitimate purpose, this issue only becomes a vulnerability when:
9461362 The software runs with different privileges or on a different system, or otherwise has different levels of access than the upstream component;
9471363 The attacker is prevented from making the request directly to the target; and
9481364 The attacker can create a request that the proxy does not explicitly intend to be forwarded on the behalf of the requester. Such a request might point to an unexpected hostname, port number, or service. Or, the request might be sent to an allowed service, but the request could contain disallowed directives, commands, or resources.",,Unknown,HTTP Request Smuggling: http://www.cgisecurity.com/lib/HTTP-Request-Smuggling.pdf
949 CWE-446,UI Discrepancy for Security Feature (Type: Base),"The user interface does not correctly enable or configure a security feature, but the interface provides feedback that causes the user to believe that the feature is in a secure state.","When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
950 CWE-447,Unimplemented or Unsupported Feature in UI (Type: Base),"A UI function for a security feature appears to be supported and gives feedback to the user that suggests that it is supported, but the underlying functionality is not implemented.","When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
951 CWE-448,Obsolete Feature in UI (Type: Base),A UI function is obsolete and the product does not warn the user.,"When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
952 CWE-449,The UI Performs the Wrong Action (Type: Base),The UI performs the wrong action with respect to the user's request.,"When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
953 CWE-45,Path Equivalence: file...name (Multiple Internal Dot) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal dot ('file...dir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
954 CWE-450,Multiple Interpretations of UI Input (Type: Base),The UI has multiple interpretations of user input but does not prompt the user when it selects the less secure interpretation.,"When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
955 CWE-451,UI Misrepresentation of Critical Information (Type: Base),"The UI does not properly represent critical information to the user, allowing the information - or its source - to be obscured or spoofed. This is often a component in phishing attacks.","When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
956 CWE-453,Insecure Default Variable Initialization (Type: Base),"The software, by default, initializes an internal variable with an insecure or less secure value than is possible.","When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
957 CWE-454,External Initialization of Trusted Variables or Data Stores (Type: Base),The software initializes critical internal variables or data stores using inputs that can be modified by untrusted actors.,"A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,
958 CWE-455,Non-exit on Failed Initialization (Type: Base),"The software does not exit or otherwise modify its operation when security-relevant errors occur during initialization, such as when a configuration file has a format error, which can cause the software to execute in a less secure fashion than intended by the administrator.","A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,
959 CWE-456,Missing Initialization of a Variable (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize critical variables, which causes the execution environment to use unexpected values.","A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
960 CWE-458,DEPRECATED: Incorrect Initialization (Type: Base),"This weakness has been deprecated because its name and description did not match. The description duplicated CWE-454, while the name suggested a more abstract initialization problem. Please refer to CWE-665 for the more abstract problem.","In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
961 CWE-459,Incomplete Cleanup (Type: Base),"The software does not properly ""clean up"" and remove temporary or supporting resources after they have been used.","In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
962 CWE-46,Path Equivalence: filename (Trailing Space) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing space ('filedir ') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
963 CWE-463,Deletion of Data Structure Sentinel (Type: Base),The accidental deletion of a data-structure sentinel can cause serious programming logic problems.,"Often times data-structure sentinels are used to mark structure of the data structure. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings. Another common example is linked lists which may contain a sentinel to mark the end of the list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the deletion or modification outside of some wrapper interface which provides safety.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""NUL-Termination Problems"", Page 452."
964 CWE-466,Return of Pointer Value Outside of Expected Range (Type: Base),A function can return a pointer to memory that is outside of the buffer that the pointer is expected to reference.,"Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
965 CWE-47,Path Equivalence: filename (Leading Space) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of leading space (' filedir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Unknown,
966 CWE-470,Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (Unsafe Reflection) (Type: Base),"The application uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.","If the application uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the application to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the application's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the application's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the application.",,Unknown,
967 CWE-471,Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) (Type: Base),The software does not properly protect an assumed-immutable element from being modified by an attacker.,"If the application uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the application to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the application's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the application's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the application.",,Unknown,
968 CWE-472,External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter (Type: Base),"The web application does not sufficiently verify inputs that are assumed to be immutable but are actually externally controllable, such as hidden form fields.","If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
1365 CWE-446,UI Discrepancy for Security Feature (Type: Base),"The user interface does not correctly enable or configure a security feature, but the interface provides feedback that causes the user to believe that the feature is in a secure state.
1366 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1367 CWE-447,Unimplemented or Unsupported Feature in UI (Type: Base),"A UI function for a security feature appears to be supported and gives feedback to the user that suggests that it is supported, but the underlying functionality is not implemented.
1368 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1369 CWE-448,Obsolete Feature in UI (Type: Base),"A UI function is obsolete and the product does not warn the user.
1370 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1371 CWE-449,The UI Performs the Wrong Action (Type: Base),"The UI performs the wrong action with respect to the user's request.
1372 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1373 CWE-45,Path Equivalence: file...name (Multiple Internal Dot) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal dot ('file...dir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1374 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1375 CWE-450,Multiple Interpretations of UI Input (Type: Base),"The UI has multiple interpretations of user input but does not prompt the user when it selects the less secure interpretation.
1376 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1377 CWE-451,UI Misrepresentation of Critical Information (Type: Base),"The UI does not properly represent critical information to the user, allowing the information - or its source - to be obscured or spoofed. This is often a component in phishing attacks.
1378 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1379 CWE-453,Insecure Default Variable Initialization (Type: Base),"The software, by default, initializes an internal variable with an insecure or less secure value than is possible.
1380 When the user interface does not properly reflect what the user asks of it, then it can lead the user into a false sense of security. For example, the user might check a box to enable a security option to enable encrypted communications, but the software does not actually enable the encryption. Alternately, the user might provide a ""restrict ALL'"" access control rule, but the software only implements ""restrict SOME"".",,Unknown,
1381 CWE-454,External Initialization of Trusted Variables or Data Stores (Type: Base),"The software initializes critical internal variables or data stores using inputs that can be modified by untrusted actors.
1382 A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,
1383 CWE-455,Non-exit on Failed Initialization (Type: Base),"The software does not exit or otherwise modify its operation when security-relevant errors occur during initialization, such as when a configuration file has a format error, which can cause the software to execute in a less secure fashion than intended by the administrator.
1384 A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,
1385 CWE-456,Missing Initialization of a Variable (Type: Base),"The software does not initialize critical variables, which causes the execution environment to use unexpected values.
1386 A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. They may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then he/she can influence what the vulnerable system will do.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
1387 CWE-458,DEPRECATED: Incorrect Initialization (Type: Base),"This weakness has been deprecated because its name and description did not match. The description duplicated CWE-454, while the name suggested a more abstract initialization problem. Please refer to CWE-665 for the more abstract problem.
1388 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
1389 CWE-459,Incomplete Cleanup (Type: Base),"The software does not properly ""clean up"" and remove temporary or supporting resources after they have been used.
1390 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
1391 CWE-46,Path Equivalence: filename (Trailing Space) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing space ('filedir ') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1392 In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. An attacker can sometimes control or read these contents. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program. The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.",,Unknown,
1393 CWE-463,Deletion of Data Structure Sentinel (Type: Base),"The accidental deletion of a data-structure sentinel can cause serious programming logic problems.
1394 Often times data-structure sentinels are used to mark structure of the data structure. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings. Another common example is linked lists which may contain a sentinel to mark the end of the list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the deletion or modification outside of some wrapper interface which provides safety.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""NUL-Termination Problems"", Page 452."
1395 CWE-466,Return of Pointer Value Outside of Expected Range (Type: Base),"A function can return a pointer to memory that is outside of the buffer that the pointer is expected to reference.
1396 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89"
1397 CWE-47,Path Equivalence: filename (Leading Space) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of leading space (' filedir') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1398 Data-structure sentinels are often used to mark the structure of data. A common example of this is the null character at the end of strings or a special sentinel to mark the end of a linked list. It is dangerous to allow this type of control data to be easily accessible. Therefore, it is important to protect from the addition or modification of sentinels.",,Unknown,
1399 CWE-470,Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (Unsafe Reflection) (Type: Base),"The application uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.
1400 If the application uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the application to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the application's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the application's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the application.",,Unknown,
1401 CWE-471,Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly protect an assumed-immutable element from being modified by an attacker.
1402 If the application uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the application to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the application's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the application's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the application.",,Unknown,
1403 CWE-472,External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter (Type: Base),"The web application does not sufficiently verify inputs that are assumed to be immutable but are actually externally controllable, such as hidden form fields.
1404 If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
9691405 For example, custom cookies commonly store session data or persistent data across sessions. This kind of session data is normally involved in security related decisions on the server side, such as user authentication and access control. Thus, the cookies might contain sensitive data such as user credentials and privileges. This is a dangerous practice, as it can often lead to improper reliance on the value of the client-provided cookie by the server side application.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 4: Use of Magic URLs, Predictable Cookies, and Hidden Form Fields."" Page 75
9701406 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""Embedding State in HTML and URLs"", Page 1032."
971 CWE-473,PHP External Variable Modification (Type: Variant),"A PHP application does not properly protect against the modification of variables from external sources, such as query parameters or cookies. This can expose the application to numerous weaknesses that would not exist otherwise.","If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
1407 CWE-473,PHP External Variable Modification (Type: Variant),"A PHP application does not properly protect against the modification of variables from external sources, such as query parameters or cookies. This can expose the application to numerous weaknesses that would not exist otherwise.
1408 If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
9721409 For example, custom cookies commonly store session data or persistent data across sessions. This kind of session data is normally involved in security related decisions on the server side, such as user authentication and access control. Thus, the cookies might contain sensitive data such as user credentials and privileges. This is a dangerous practice, as it can often lead to improper reliance on the value of the client-provided cookie by the server side application.",,Unknown,
973 CWE-474,Use of Function with Inconsistent Implementations (Type: Base),"The code uses a function that has inconsistent implementations across operating systems and versions, which might cause security-relevant portability problems.","If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
1410 CWE-474,Use of Function with Inconsistent Implementations (Type: Base),"The code uses a function that has inconsistent implementations across operating systems and versions, which might cause security-relevant portability problems.
1411 If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
9741412 For example, custom cookies commonly store session data or persistent data across sessions. This kind of session data is normally involved in security related decisions on the server side, such as user authentication and access control. Thus, the cookies might contain sensitive data such as user credentials and privileges. This is a dangerous practice, as it can often lead to improper reliance on the value of the client-provided cookie by the server side application.",,Unknown,
975 CWE-475,Undefined Behavior for Input to API (Type: Base),The behavior of this function is undefined unless its control parameter is set to a specific value.,"If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
1413 CWE-475,Undefined Behavior for Input to API (Type: Base),"The behavior of this function is undefined unless its control parameter is set to a specific value.
1414 If a web product does not properly protect assumed-immutable values from modification in hidden form fields, parameters, cookies, or URLs, this can lead to modification of critical data. Web applications often mistakenly make the assumption that data passed to the client in hidden fields or cookies is not susceptible to tampering. Improper validation of data that are user-controllable can lead to the application processing incorrect, and often malicious, input.
9761415 For example, custom cookies commonly store session data or persistent data across sessions. This kind of session data is normally involved in security related decisions on the server side, such as user authentication and access control. Thus, the cookies might contain sensitive data such as user credentials and privileges. This is a dangerous practice, as it can often lead to improper reliance on the value of the client-provided cookie by the server side application.",,Unknown,
977 CWE-477,Use of Obsolete Functions (Type: Base),"The code uses deprecated or obsolete functions, which suggests that the code has not been actively reviewed or maintained.","NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Unknown,
978 CWE-478,Missing Default Case in Switch Statement (Type: Variant),"The code does not have a default case in a switch statement, which might lead to complex logical errors and resultant weaknesses.","NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Switch Statements"", Page 337."
979 CWE-48,Path Equivalence: file name (Internal Whitespace) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of internal space ('file(SPACE)name') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
1416 CWE-477,Use of Obsolete Functions (Type: Base),"The code uses deprecated or obsolete functions, which suggests that the code has not been actively reviewed or maintained.
1417 NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Unknown,
1418 CWE-478,Missing Default Case in Switch Statement (Type: Variant),"The code does not have a default case in a switch statement, which might lead to complex logical errors and resultant weaknesses.
1419 NULL pointer dereference issues can occur through a number of flaws, including race conditions, and simple programming omissions.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Switch Statements"", Page 337."
1420 CWE-48,Path Equivalence: file name (Internal Whitespace) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of internal space ('file(SPACE)name') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1421 Non-reentrant functions are functions that cannot safely be called, interrupted, and then recalled before the first call has finished without resulting in memory corruption. This can lead to an unexpected system state an unpredictable results with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
9801422 Many functions are not reentrant, but some of them can result in the corruption of memory if they are used in a signal handler. The function call syslog() is an example of this. In order to perform its functionality, it allocates a small amount of memory as ""scratch space."" If syslog() is suspended by a signal call and the signal handler calls syslog(), the memory used by both of these functions enters an undefined, and possibly, exploitable state. Implementations of malloc() and free() manage metadata in global structures in order to track which memory is allocated versus which memory is available, but they are non-reentrant. Simultaneous calls to these functions can cause corruption of the metadata.",,Unknown,
981 CWE-485,Insufficient Encapsulation (Type: Class),The product does not sufficiently encapsulate critical data or functionality.,"Encapsulation is about drawing strong boundaries. In a web browser that might mean ensuring that your mobile code cannot be abused by other mobile code. On the server it might mean differentiation between validated data and unvalidated data, between one user's data and another's, or between data users are allowed to see and data that they are not.",,Unknown,
982 CWE-488,Exposure of Data Element to Wrong Session (Type: Variant),"The product does not sufficiently enforce boundaries between the states of different sessions, causing data to be provided to, or used by, the wrong session.","Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
1423 CWE-485,Insufficient Encapsulation (Type: Class),"The product does not sufficiently encapsulate critical data or functionality.
1424 Encapsulation is about drawing strong boundaries. In a web browser that might mean ensuring that your mobile code cannot be abused by other mobile code. On the server it might mean differentiation between validated data and unvalidated data, between one user's data and another's, or between data users are allowed to see and data that they are not.",,Unknown,
1425 CWE-488,Exposure of Data Element to Wrong Session (Type: Variant),"The product does not sufficiently enforce boundaries between the states of different sessions, causing data to be provided to, or used by, the wrong session.
1426 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
9831427 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Unknown,
984 CWE-489,Leftover Debug Code (Type: Base),The application can be deployed with active debugging code that can create unintended entry points.,"Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
1428 CWE-489,Leftover Debug Code (Type: Base),"The application can be deployed with active debugging code that can create unintended entry points.
1429 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
9851430 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Unknown,
986 CWE-49,Path Equivalence: filename/ (Trailing Slash) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing slash ('filedir/') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
1431 CWE-49,Path Equivalence: filename/ (Trailing Slash) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing slash ('filedir/') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1432 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
9871433 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Unknown,
988 CWE-491,Public cloneable() Method Without Final (Object Hijack) (Type: Variant),"A class has a cloneable() method that is not declared final, which allows an object to be created without calling the constructor. This can cause the object to be in an unexpected state.","Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
1434 CWE-491,Public cloneable() Method Without Final (Object Hijack) (Type: Variant),"A class has a cloneable() method that is not declared final, which allows an object to be created without calling the constructor. This can cause the object to be in an unexpected state.
1435 Data can ""bleed"" from one session to another through member variables of singleton objects, such as Servlets, and objects from a shared pool.
9891436 In the case of Servlets, developers sometimes do not understand that, unless a Servlet implements the SingleThreadModel interface, the Servlet is a singleton; there is only one instance of the Servlet, and that single instance is used and re-used to handle multiple requests that are processed simultaneously by different threads. A common result is that developers use Servlet member fields in such a way that one user may inadvertently see another user's data. In other words, storing user data in Servlet member fields introduces a data access race condition.",,Unknown,"OWASP , Attack Category : Mobile code: object hijack: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Mobile_code:_object_hijack"
990 CWE-495,Private Array-Typed Field Returned From A Public Method (Type: Variant),"The product has a method that is declared public, but returns a reference to a private array, which could then be modified in unexpected ways.","An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Unknown,
991 CWE-496,Public Data Assigned to Private Array-Typed Field (Type: Variant),Assigning public data to a private array is equivalent to giving public access to the array.,"An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Unknown,
992 CWE-497,Exposure of System Data to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),Exposing system data or debugging information helps an adversary learn about the system and form an attack plan.,"An information exposure occurs when system data or debugging information leaves the program through an output stream or logging function that makes it accessible to unauthorized parties. An attacker can also cause errors to occur by submitting unusual requests to the web application. The response to these errors can reveal detailed system information, deny service, cause security mechanisms to fail, and crash the server. An attacker can use error messages that reveal technologies, operating systems, and product versions to tune the attack against known vulnerabilities in these technologies. An application may use diagnostic methods that provide significant implementation details such as stack traces as part of its error handling mechanism.",,Unknown,
993 CWE-5,J2EE Misconfiguration: Data Transmission Without Encryption (Type: Variant),Information sent over a network can be compromised while in transit. An attacker may be able to read/modify the contents if the data are sent in plaintext or are weakly encrypted.,"Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,Unknown,
994 CWE-50,Path Equivalence: //multiple/leading/slash (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple leading slash ('//multiple/leading/slash') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,Unknown,
995 CWE-501,Trust Boundary Violation (Type: Base),The product mixes trusted and untrusted data in the same data structure or structured message.,"By combining trusted and untrusted data in the same data structure, it becomes easier for programmers to mistakenly trust unvalidated data.",,Unknown,
996 CWE-506,Embedded Malicious Code (Type: Class),The application contains code that appears to be malicious in nature.,"Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
997 CWE-507,Trojan Horse (Type: Base),"The software appears to contain benign or useful functionality, but it also contains code that is hidden from normal operation that violates the intended security policy of the user or the system administrator.","Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 7, ""Viruses, Trojans, and Worms In a Nutshell"" Page 208"
998 CWE-508,Non-Replicating Malicious Code (Type: Base),Non-replicating malicious code only resides on the target system or software that is attacked; it does not attempt to spread to other systems.,"Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
999 CWE-509,Replicating Malicious Code (Virus or Worm) (Type: Base),"Replicating malicious code, including viruses and worms, will attempt to attack other systems once it has successfully compromised the target system or software.","Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1000 CWE-51,Path Equivalence: /multiple//internal/slash (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal slash ('/multiple//internal/slash/') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1001 CWE-510,Trapdoor (Type: Base),"A trapdoor is a hidden piece of code that responds to a special input, allowing its user access to resources without passing through the normal security enforcement mechanism.","Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1002 CWE-511,Logic/Time Bomb (Type: Base),"The software contains code that is designed to disrupt the legitimate operation of the software (or its environment) when a certain time passes, or when a certain logical condition is met.","When the time bomb or logic bomb is detonated, it may perform a denial of service such as crashing the system, deleting critical data, or degrading system response time. This bomb might be placed within either a replicating or non-replicating Trojan horse.",,Unknown,Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/
1003 CWE-512,Spyware (Type: Base),"The software collects personally identifiable information about a human user or the user's activities, but the software accesses this information using other resources besides itself, and it does not require that user's explicit approval or direct input into the software.","""Spyware"" is a commonly used term with many definitions and interpretations. In general, it is meant to software that collects information or installs functionality that human users might not allow if they were fully aware of the actions being taken by the software. For example, a user might expect that tax software would collect a social security number and include it when filing a tax return, but that same user would not expect gaming software to obtain the social security number from that tax software's data.",,Unknown,
1004 CWE-514,Covert Channel (Type: Class),A covert channel is a path that can be used to transfer information in a way not intended by the system's designers.,Typically the system has not given authorization for the transmission and has no knowledge of its occurrence.,,Unknown,
1005 CWE-516,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Covert Timing Channel (Type: Base),This weakness can be found at CWE-385.,"Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1006 CWE-52,Path Equivalence: /multiple/trailing/slash// (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple trailing slash ('/multiple/trailing/slash//') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1007 CWE-520,.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Impersonation (Type: Variant),Allowing a .NET application to run at potentially escalated levels of access to the underlying operating and file systems can be dangerous and result in various forms of attacks.,"Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1008 CWE-521,Weak Password Requirements (Type: Base),"The product does not require that users should have strong passwords, which makes it easier for attackers to compromise user accounts.","An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1009 CWE-522,Insufficiently Protected Credentials (Type: Base),This weakness occurs when the application transmits or stores authentication credentials and uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.,"An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1010 CWE-523,Unprotected Transport of Credentials (Type: Variant),Login pages not using adequate measures to protect the user name and password while they are in transit from the client to the server.,"An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1011 CWE-524,Information Exposure Through Caching (Type: Variant),"The application uses a cache to maintain a pool of objects, threads, connections, pages, or passwords to minimize the time it takes to access them or the resources to which they connect. If implemented improperly, these caches can allow access to unauthorized information or cause a denial of service vulnerability.","An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1012 CWE-525,Information Exposure Through Browser Caching (Type: Variant),"For each web page, the application should have an appropriate caching policy specifying the extent to which the page and its form fields should be cached.","An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1013 CWE-526,Information Exposure Through Environmental Variables (Type: Variant),Environmental variables may contain sensitive information about a remote server.,"An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1014 CWE-527,Exposure of CVS Repository to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),The product stores a CVS repository in a directory or other container that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,"Information contained within a CVS subdirectory on a web server or other server could be recovered by an attacker and used for malicious purposes. This information may include usernames, filenames, path root, and IP addresses.",,Unknown,
1015 CWE-528,Exposure of Core Dump File to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),The product generates a core dump file in a directory that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,"Information contained within a CVS subdirectory on a web server or other server could be recovered by an attacker and used for malicious purposes. This information may include usernames, filenames, path root, and IP addresses.",,Unknown,
1016 CWE-529,Exposure of Access Control List Files to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),The product stores access control list files in a directory or other container that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,Exposure of these access control list files may give the attacker information about the configuration of the site or system. This information may then be used to bypass the intended security policy or identify trusted systems from which an attack can be launched.,,Unknown,
1017 CWE-53,Path Equivalence: \multiple\\internal\backslash (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal backslash ('\multiple\trailing\\slash') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,Exposure of these access control list files may give the attacker information about the configuration of the site or system. This information may then be used to bypass the intended security policy or identify trusted systems from which an attack can be launched.,,Unknown,
1018 CWE-530,Exposure of Backup File to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),A backup file is stored in a directory that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,"Often, old files are renamed with an extension such as .~bk to distinguish them from production files. The source code for old files that have been renamed in this manner and left in the webroot can often be retrieved. This renaming may have been performed automatically by the web server, or manually by the administrator.",,Unknown,
1019 CWE-531,Information Exposure Through Test Code (Type: Variant),"Accessible test applications can pose a variety of security risks. Since developers or administrators rarely consider that someone besides themselves would even know about the existence of these applications, it is common for them to contain sensitive information or functions.","Often, old files are renamed with an extension such as .~bk to distinguish them from production files. The source code for old files that have been renamed in this manner and left in the webroot can often be retrieved. This renaming may have been performed automatically by the web server, or manually by the administrator.",,Unknown,
1020 CWE-533,Information Exposure Through Server Log Files (Type: Variant),"A server.log file was found. This can give information on whatever application left the file. Usually this can give full path names and system information, and sometimes usernames and passwords.","While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1021 CWE-534,Information Exposure Through Debug Log Files (Type: Variant),The application does not sufficiently restrict access to a log file that is used for debugging.,"While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1022 CWE-535,Information Exposure Through Shell Error Message (Type: Variant),"A command shell error message indicates that there exists an unhandled exception in the web application code. In many cases, an attacker can leverage the conditions that cause these errors in order to gain unauthorized access to the system.","While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1023 CWE-536,Information Exposure Through Servlet Runtime Error Message (Type: Variant),A servlet error message indicates that there exists an unhandled exception in your web application code and may provide useful information to an attacker.,"While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1024 CWE-537,Information Exposure Through Java Runtime Error Message (Type: Variant),"In many cases, an attacker can leverage the conditions that cause unhandled exception errors in order to gain unauthorized access to the system.","While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1025 CWE-538,File and Directory Information Exposure (Type: Base),The product stores sensitive information in files or directories that are accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.,"While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191"
1026 CWE-539,Information Exposure Through Persistent Cookies (Type: Variant),Persistent cookies are cookies that are stored on the browser's hard drive. This can cause security and privacy issues depending on the information stored in the cookie and how it is accessed.,"Cookies are small bits of data that are sent by the web application but stored locally in the browser. This lets the application use the cookie to pass information between pages and store variable information. The web application controls what information is stored in a cookie and how it is used. Typical types of information stored in cookies are session Identifiers, personalization and customization information, and in rare cases even usernames to enable automated logins. There are two different types of cookies: session cookies and persistent cookies. Session cookies just live in the browser's memory, and are not stored anywhere, but persistent cookies are stored on the browser's hard drive.",,Unknown,
1027 CWE-54,Path Equivalence: filedir\ (Trailing Backslash) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing backslash ('filedir\') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"Cookies are small bits of data that are sent by the web application but stored locally in the browser. This lets the application use the cookie to pass information between pages and store variable information. The web application controls what information is stored in a cookie and how it is used. Typical types of information stored in cookies are session Identifiers, personalization and customization information, and in rare cases even usernames to enable automated logins. There are two different types of cookies: session cookies and persistent cookies. Session cookies just live in the browser's memory, and are not stored anywhere, but persistent cookies are stored on the browser's hard drive.",,Unknown,
1028 CWE-540,Information Exposure Through Source Code (Type: Variant),Source code on a web server often contains sensitive information and should generally not be accessible to users.,"There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1029 CWE-541,Information Exposure Through Include Source Code (Type: Variant),"If an include file source is accessible, the file can contain usernames and passwords, as well as sensitive information pertaining to the application and system.","There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1030 CWE-542,Information Exposure Through Cleanup Log Files (Type: Variant),The application does not properly protect or delete a log file related to cleanup.,"There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1031 CWE-543,Use of Singleton Pattern Without Synchronization in a Multithreaded Context (Type: Variant),The software uses the singleton pattern when creating a resource within a multithreaded environment.,The use of a singleton pattern may not be thread-safe.,,Unknown,Thread-Specifc Storage for C/C++: http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/PDF/TSS-pattern.pdf
1032 CWE-544,Missing Standardized Error Handling Mechanism (Type: Base),"The software does not use a standardized method for handling errors throughout the code, which might introduce inconsistent error handling and resultant weaknesses.","If the application handles error messages individually, on a one-by-one basis, this is likely to result in inconsistent error handling. The causes of errors may be lost. Also, detailed information about the causes of an error may be unintentionally returned to the user.",,Unknown,
1033 CWE-545,Use of Dynamic Class Loading (Type: Variant),Dynamically loaded code has the potential to be malicious.,"If the application handles error messages individually, on a one-by-one basis, this is likely to result in inconsistent error handling. The causes of errors may be lost. Also, detailed information about the causes of an error may be unintentionally returned to the user.",,Unknown,
1034 CWE-546,Suspicious Comment (Type: Variant),"The code contains comments that suggest the presence of bugs, incomplete functionality, or weaknesses.","Many suspicious comments, such as BUG, HACK, FIXME, LATER, LATER2, TODO, in the code indicate missing security functionality and checking. Others indicate code problems that programmers should fix, such as hard-coded variables, error handling, not using stored procedures, and performance issues.",,Unknown,
1035 CWE-547,"Use of Hard-coded, Security-relevant Constants (Type: Variant)","The program uses hard-coded constants instead of symbolic names for security-critical values, which increases the likelihood of mistakes during code maintenance or security policy change.","If the developer does not find all occurrences of the hard-coded constants, an incorrect policy decision may be made if one of the constants is not changed. Making changes to these values will require code changes that may be difficult or impossible once the system is released to the field. In addition, these hard-coded values may become available to attackers if the code is ever disclosed.",,Unknown,
1036 CWE-548,Information Exposure Through Directory Listing (Type: Variant),"A directory listing is inappropriately exposed, yielding potentially sensitive information to attackers.",A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.,,Unknown,
1037 CWE-549,Missing Password Field Masking (Type: Variant),"The software does not mask passwords during entry, increasing the potential for attackers to observe and capture passwords.",A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.,,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1038 CWE-55,Path Equivalence: /./ (Single Dot Directory) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of single dot directory exploit ('/./') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.,,Unknown,
1039 CWE-550,Information Exposure Through Server Error Message (Type: Variant),"Certain conditions, such as network failure, will cause a server error message to be displayed.","While error messages in and of themselves are not dangerous, per se, it is what an attacker can glean from them that might cause eventual problems.",,Unknown,
1040 CWE-551,Incorrect Behavior Order: Authorization Before Parsing and Canonicalization (Type: Base),"If a web server does not fully parse requested URLs before it examines them for authorization, it may be possible for an attacker to bypass authorization protection.","For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1041 CWE-552,Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties (Type: Base),Files or directories are accessible in the environment that should not be.,"For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1042 CWE-553,Command Shell in Externally Accessible Directory (Type: Variant),A possible shell file exists in /cgi-bin/ or other accessible directories. This is extremely dangerous and can be used by an attacker to execute commands on the web server.,"For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1043 CWE-554,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Not Using Input Validation Framework (Type: Variant),The ASP.NET application does not use an input validation framework.,"For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1044 CWE-555,J2EE Misconfiguration: Plaintext Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),The J2EE application stores a plaintext password in a configuration file.,"Storing a plaintext password in a configuration file allows anyone who can read the file to access the password-protected resource, making it an easy target for attackers.",,Unknown,
1045 CWE-556,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Identity Impersonation (Type: Variant),Configuring an ASP.NET application to run with impersonated credentials may give the application unnecessary privileges.,The use of impersonated credentials allows an ASP.NET application to run with either the privileges of the client on whose behalf it is executing or with arbitrary privileges granted in its configuration.,,Unknown,
1046 CWE-558,Use of getlogin() in Multithreaded Application (Type: Variant),"The application uses the getlogin() function in a multithreaded context, potentially causing it to return incorrect values.","The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1047 CWE-56,Path Equivalence: filedir* (Wildcard) (Type: Variant),A software system that accepts path input in the form of asterisk wildcard ('filedir*') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.,"The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1048 CWE-560,Use of umask() with chmod-style Argument (Type: Variant),The product calls umask() with an incorrect argument that is specified as if it is an argument to chmod().,"The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1049 CWE-561,Dead Code (Type: Variant),"The software contains dead code, which can never be executed.",Dead code is source code that can never be executed in a running program. The surrounding code makes it impossible for a section of code to ever be executed.,,Unknown,
1050 CWE-562,Return of Stack Variable Address (Type: Base),"A function returns the address of a stack variable, which will cause unintended program behavior, typically in the form of a crash.",Dead code is source code that can never be executed in a running program. The surrounding code makes it impossible for a section of code to ever be executed.,,Unknown,
1051 CWE-563,Unused Variable (Type: Variant),"The variable's value is assigned but never used, making it a dead store.","It is likely that the variable is simply vestigial, but it is also possible that the unused variable points out a bug.",,Unknown,
1052 CWE-564,SQL Injection: Hibernate (Type: Variant),Using Hibernate to execute a dynamic SQL statement built with user-controlled input can allow an attacker to modify the statement's meaning or to execute arbitrary SQL commands.,"It is likely that the variable is simply vestigial, but it is also possible that the unused variable points out a bug.",,Unknown,
1053 CWE-565,Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking (Type: Base),"The application relies on the existence or values of cookies when performing security-critical operations, but it does not properly ensure that the setting is valid for the associated user.","Attackers can easily modify cookies, within the browser or by implementing the client-side code outside of the browser. Reliance on cookies without detailed validation and integrity checking can allow attackers to bypass authentication, conduct injection attacks such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting, or otherwise modify inputs in unexpected ways.",,Unknown,
1054 CWE-566,Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled SQL Primary Key (Type: Variant),"The software uses a database table that includes records that should not be accessible to an actor, but it executes a SQL statement with a primary key that can be controlled by that actor.","When a user can set a primary key to any value, then the user can modify the key to point to unauthorized records.
1437 CWE-495,Private Array-Typed Field Returned From A Public Method (Type: Variant),"The product has a method that is declared public, but returns a reference to a private array, which could then be modified in unexpected ways.
1438 An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Unknown,
1439 CWE-496,Public Data Assigned to Private Array-Typed Field (Type: Variant),"Assigning public data to a private array is equivalent to giving public access to the array.
1440 An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",,Unknown,
1441 CWE-497,Exposure of System Data to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"Exposing system data or debugging information helps an adversary learn about the system and form an attack plan.
1442 An information exposure occurs when system data or debugging information leaves the program through an output stream or logging function that makes it accessible to unauthorized parties. An attacker can also cause errors to occur by submitting unusual requests to the web application. The response to these errors can reveal detailed system information, deny service, cause security mechanisms to fail, and crash the server. An attacker can use error messages that reveal technologies, operating systems, and product versions to tune the attack against known vulnerabilities in these technologies. An application may use diagnostic methods that provide significant implementation details such as stack traces as part of its error handling mechanism.",,Unknown,
1443 CWE-5,J2EE Misconfiguration: Data Transmission Without Encryption (Type: Variant),"Information sent over a network can be compromised while in transit. An attacker may be able to read/modify the contents if the data are sent in plaintext or are weakly encrypted.
1444 Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,Unknown,
1445 CWE-50,Path Equivalence: //multiple/leading/slash (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple leading slash ('//multiple/leading/slash') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1446 Serializable classes are effectively open classes since data cannot be hidden in them. Classes that do not explicitly deny serialization can be serialized by any other class, which can then in turn use the data stored inside it.",,Unknown,
1447 CWE-501,Trust Boundary Violation (Type: Base),"The product mixes trusted and untrusted data in the same data structure or structured message.
1448 By combining trusted and untrusted data in the same data structure, it becomes easier for programmers to mistakenly trust unvalidated data.",,Unknown,
1449 CWE-506,Embedded Malicious Code (Type: Class),"The application contains code that appears to be malicious in nature.
1450 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1451 CWE-507,Trojan Horse (Type: Base),"The software appears to contain benign or useful functionality, but it also contains code that is hidden from normal operation that violates the intended security policy of the user or the system administrator.
1452 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 7, ""Viruses, Trojans, and Worms In a Nutshell"" Page 208"
1453 CWE-508,Non-Replicating Malicious Code (Type: Base),"Non-replicating malicious code only resides on the target system or software that is attacked; it does not attempt to spread to other systems.
1454 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1455 CWE-509,Replicating Malicious Code (Virus or Worm) (Type: Base),"Replicating malicious code, including viruses and worms, will attempt to attack other systems once it has successfully compromised the target system or software.
1456 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1457 CWE-51,Path Equivalence: /multiple//internal/slash (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal slash ('/multiple//internal/slash/') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1458 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1459 CWE-510,Trapdoor (Type: Base),"A trapdoor is a hidden piece of code that responds to a special input, allowing its user access to resources without passing through the normal security enforcement mechanism.
1460 Malicious flaws have acquired colorful names, including Trojan horse, trapdoor, timebomb, and logic-bomb. A developer might insert malicious code with the intent to subvert the security of an application or its host system at some time in the future. It generally refers to a program that performs a useful service but exploits rights of the program's user in a way the user does not intend.",,Unknown,
1461 CWE-511,Logic/Time Bomb (Type: Base),"The software contains code that is designed to disrupt the legitimate operation of the software (or its environment) when a certain time passes, or when a certain logical condition is met.
1462 When the time bomb or logic bomb is detonated, it may perform a denial of service such as crashing the system, deleting critical data, or degrading system response time. This bomb might be placed within either a replicating or non-replicating Trojan horse.",,Unknown,Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/
1463 CWE-512,Spyware (Type: Base),"The software collects personally identifiable information about a human user or the user's activities, but the software accesses this information using other resources besides itself, and it does not require that user's explicit approval or direct input into the software.
1464 ""Spyware"" is a commonly used term with many definitions and interpretations. In general, it is meant to software that collects information or installs functionality that human users might not allow if they were fully aware of the actions being taken by the software. For example, a user might expect that tax software would collect a social security number and include it when filing a tax return, but that same user would not expect gaming software to obtain the social security number from that tax software's data.",,Unknown,
1465 CWE-514,Covert Channel (Type: Class),"A covert channel is a path that can be used to transfer information in a way not intended by the system's designers.
1466 Typically the system has not given authorization for the transmission and has no knowledge of its occurrence.",,Unknown,
1467 CWE-516,DEPRECATED (Duplicate): Covert Timing Channel (Type: Base),"This weakness can be found at CWE-385.
1468 Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1469 CWE-52,Path Equivalence: /multiple/trailing/slash// (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple trailing slash ('/multiple/trailing/slash//') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1470 Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1471 CWE-520,.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Impersonation (Type: Variant),"Allowing a .NET application to run at potentially escalated levels of access to the underlying operating and file systems can be dangerous and result in various forms of attacks.
1472 Covert storage channels occur when out-of-band data is stored in messages for the purpose of memory reuse. Covert channels are frequently classified as either storage or timing channels. Examples would include using a file intended to hold only audit information to convey user passwords--using the name of a file or perhaps status bits associated with it that can be read by all users to signal the contents of the file. Steganography, concealing information in such a manner that no one but the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message, is a good example of a covert storage channel.",,Unknown,
1473 CWE-521,Weak Password Requirements (Type: Base),"The product does not require that users should have strong passwords, which makes it easier for attackers to compromise user accounts.
1474 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1475 CWE-522,Insufficiently Protected Credentials (Type: Base),"This weakness occurs when the application transmits or stores authentication credentials and uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1476 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1477 CWE-523,Unprotected Transport of Credentials (Type: Variant),"Login pages not using adequate measures to protect the user name and password while they are in transit from the client to the server.
1478 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1479 CWE-524,Information Exposure Through Caching (Type: Variant),"The application uses a cache to maintain a pool of objects, threads, connections, pages, or passwords to minimize the time it takes to access them or the resources to which they connect. If implemented improperly, these caches can allow access to unauthorized information or cause a denial of service vulnerability.
1480 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1481 CWE-525,Information Exposure Through Browser Caching (Type: Variant),"For each web page, the application should have an appropriate caching policy specifying the extent to which the page and its form fields should be cached.
1482 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1483 CWE-526,Information Exposure Through Environmental Variables (Type: Variant),"Environmental variables may contain sensitive information about a remote server.
1484 An authentication mechanism is only as strong as its credentials. For this reason, it is important to require users to have strong passwords. Lack of password complexity significantly reduces the search space when trying to guess user's passwords, making brute-force attacks easier.",,Unknown,
1485 CWE-527,Exposure of CVS Repository to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"The product stores a CVS repository in a directory or other container that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1486 Information contained within a CVS subdirectory on a web server or other server could be recovered by an attacker and used for malicious purposes. This information may include usernames, filenames, path root, and IP addresses.",,Unknown,
1487 CWE-528,Exposure of Core Dump File to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"The product generates a core dump file in a directory that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1488 Information contained within a CVS subdirectory on a web server or other server could be recovered by an attacker and used for malicious purposes. This information may include usernames, filenames, path root, and IP addresses.",,Unknown,
1489 CWE-529,Exposure of Access Control List Files to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"The product stores access control list files in a directory or other container that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1490 Exposure of these access control list files may give the attacker information about the configuration of the site or system. This information may then be used to bypass the intended security policy or identify trusted systems from which an attack can be launched.",,Unknown,
1491 CWE-53,Path Equivalence: \multiple\\internal\backslash (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of multiple internal backslash ('\multiple\trailing\\slash') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1492 Exposure of these access control list files may give the attacker information about the configuration of the site or system. This information may then be used to bypass the intended security policy or identify trusted systems from which an attack can be launched.",,Unknown,
1493 CWE-530,Exposure of Backup File to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (Type: Variant),"A backup file is stored in a directory that is accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1494 Often, old files are renamed with an extension such as .~bk to distinguish them from production files. The source code for old files that have been renamed in this manner and left in the webroot can often be retrieved. This renaming may have been performed automatically by the web server, or manually by the administrator.",,Unknown,
1495 CWE-531,Information Exposure Through Test Code (Type: Variant),"Accessible test applications can pose a variety of security risks. Since developers or administrators rarely consider that someone besides themselves would even know about the existence of these applications, it is common for them to contain sensitive information or functions.
1496 Often, old files are renamed with an extension such as .~bk to distinguish them from production files. The source code for old files that have been renamed in this manner and left in the webroot can often be retrieved. This renaming may have been performed automatically by the web server, or manually by the administrator.",,Unknown,
1497 CWE-533,Information Exposure Through Server Log Files (Type: Variant),"A server.log file was found. This can give information on whatever application left the file. Usually this can give full path names and system information, and sometimes usernames and passwords.
1498 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1499 CWE-534,Information Exposure Through Debug Log Files (Type: Variant),"The application does not sufficiently restrict access to a log file that is used for debugging.
1500 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1501 CWE-535,Information Exposure Through Shell Error Message (Type: Variant),"A command shell error message indicates that there exists an unhandled exception in the web application code. In many cases, an attacker can leverage the conditions that cause these errors in order to gain unauthorized access to the system.
1502 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1503 CWE-536,Information Exposure Through Servlet Runtime Error Message (Type: Variant),"A servlet error message indicates that there exists an unhandled exception in your web application code and may provide useful information to an attacker.
1504 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1505 CWE-537,Information Exposure Through Java Runtime Error Message (Type: Variant),"In many cases, an attacker can leverage the conditions that cause unhandled exception errors in order to gain unauthorized access to the system.
1506 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,
1507 CWE-538,File and Directory Information Exposure (Type: Base),"The product stores sensitive information in files or directories that are accessible to actors outside of the intended control sphere.
1508 While logging all information may be helpful during development stages, it is important that logging levels be set appropriately before a product ships so that sensitive user data and system information are not accidentally exposed to potential attackers.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 12: Information Leakage."" Page 191"
1509 CWE-539,Information Exposure Through Persistent Cookies (Type: Variant),"Persistent cookies are cookies that are stored on the browser's hard drive. This can cause security and privacy issues depending on the information stored in the cookie and how it is accessed.
1510 Cookies are small bits of data that are sent by the web application but stored locally in the browser. This lets the application use the cookie to pass information between pages and store variable information. The web application controls what information is stored in a cookie and how it is used. Typical types of information stored in cookies are session Identifiers, personalization and customization information, and in rare cases even usernames to enable automated logins. There are two different types of cookies: session cookies and persistent cookies. Session cookies just live in the browser's memory, and are not stored anywhere, but persistent cookies are stored on the browser's hard drive.",,Unknown,
1511 CWE-54,Path Equivalence: filedir\ (Trailing Backslash) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of trailing backslash ('filedir\') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1512 Cookies are small bits of data that are sent by the web application but stored locally in the browser. This lets the application use the cookie to pass information between pages and store variable information. The web application controls what information is stored in a cookie and how it is used. Typical types of information stored in cookies are session Identifiers, personalization and customization information, and in rare cases even usernames to enable automated logins. There are two different types of cookies: session cookies and persistent cookies. Session cookies just live in the browser's memory, and are not stored anywhere, but persistent cookies are stored on the browser's hard drive.",,Unknown,
1513 CWE-540,Information Exposure Through Source Code (Type: Variant),"Source code on a web server often contains sensitive information and should generally not be accessible to users.
1514 There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1515 CWE-541,Information Exposure Through Include Source Code (Type: Variant),"If an include file source is accessible, the file can contain usernames and passwords, as well as sensitive information pertaining to the application and system.
1516 There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1517 CWE-542,Information Exposure Through Cleanup Log Files (Type: Variant),"The application does not properly protect or delete a log file related to cleanup.
1518 There are situations where it is critical to remove source code from an area or server. For example, obtaining Perl source code on a system allows an attacker to understand the logic of the script and extract extremely useful information such as code bugs or logins and passwords.",,Unknown,
1519 CWE-543,Use of Singleton Pattern Without Synchronization in a Multithreaded Context (Type: Variant),"The software uses the singleton pattern when creating a resource within a multithreaded environment.
1520 The use of a singleton pattern may not be thread-safe.",,Unknown,Thread-Specifc Storage for C/C++: http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/PDF/TSS-pattern.pdf
1521 CWE-544,Missing Standardized Error Handling Mechanism (Type: Base),"The software does not use a standardized method for handling errors throughout the code, which might introduce inconsistent error handling and resultant weaknesses.
1522 If the application handles error messages individually, on a one-by-one basis, this is likely to result in inconsistent error handling. The causes of errors may be lost. Also, detailed information about the causes of an error may be unintentionally returned to the user.",,Unknown,
1523 CWE-545,Use of Dynamic Class Loading (Type: Variant),"Dynamically loaded code has the potential to be malicious.
1524 If the application handles error messages individually, on a one-by-one basis, this is likely to result in inconsistent error handling. The causes of errors may be lost. Also, detailed information about the causes of an error may be unintentionally returned to the user.",,Unknown,
1525 CWE-546,Suspicious Comment (Type: Variant),"The code contains comments that suggest the presence of bugs, incomplete functionality, or weaknesses.
1526 Many suspicious comments, such as BUG, HACK, FIXME, LATER, LATER2, TODO, in the code indicate missing security functionality and checking. Others indicate code problems that programmers should fix, such as hard-coded variables, error handling, not using stored procedures, and performance issues.",,Unknown,
1527 CWE-547,"Use of Hard-coded, Security-relevant Constants (Type: Variant)","The program uses hard-coded constants instead of symbolic names for security-critical values, which increases the likelihood of mistakes during code maintenance or security policy change.
1528 If the developer does not find all occurrences of the hard-coded constants, an incorrect policy decision may be made if one of the constants is not changed. Making changes to these values will require code changes that may be difficult or impossible once the system is released to the field. In addition, these hard-coded values may become available to attackers if the code is ever disclosed.",,Unknown,
1529 CWE-548,Information Exposure Through Directory Listing (Type: Variant),"A directory listing is inappropriately exposed, yielding potentially sensitive information to attackers.
1530 A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.",,Unknown,
1531 CWE-549,Missing Password Field Masking (Type: Variant),"The software does not mask passwords during entry, increasing the potential for attackers to observe and capture passwords.
1532 A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1533 CWE-55,Path Equivalence: /./ (Single Dot Directory) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of single dot directory exploit ('/./') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1534 A directory listing provides an attacker with the complete index of all the resources located inside of the directory. The specific risks and consequences vary depending on which files are listed and accessible.",,Unknown,
1535 CWE-550,Information Exposure Through Server Error Message (Type: Variant),"Certain conditions, such as network failure, will cause a server error message to be displayed.
1536 While error messages in and of themselves are not dangerous, per se, it is what an attacker can glean from them that might cause eventual problems.",,Unknown,
1537 CWE-551,Incorrect Behavior Order: Authorization Before Parsing and Canonicalization (Type: Base),"If a web server does not fully parse requested URLs before it examines them for authorization, it may be possible for an attacker to bypass authorization protection.
1538 For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1539 CWE-552,Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties (Type: Base),"Files or directories are accessible in the environment that should not be.
1540 For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1541 CWE-553,Command Shell in Externally Accessible Directory (Type: Variant),"A possible shell file exists in /cgi-bin/ or other accessible directories. This is extremely dangerous and can be used by an attacker to execute commands on the web server.
1542 For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1543 CWE-554,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Not Using Input Validation Framework (Type: Variant),"The ASP.NET application does not use an input validation framework.
1544 For instance, the character strings /./ and / both mean current directory. If /SomeDirectory is a protected directory and an attacker requests /./SomeDirectory, the attacker may be able to gain access to the resource if /./ is not converted to / before the authorization check is performed.",,Unknown,
1545 CWE-555,J2EE Misconfiguration: Plaintext Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application stores a plaintext password in a configuration file.
1546 Storing a plaintext password in a configuration file allows anyone who can read the file to access the password-protected resource, making it an easy target for attackers.",,Unknown,
1547 CWE-556,ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Use of Identity Impersonation (Type: Variant),"Configuring an ASP.NET application to run with impersonated credentials may give the application unnecessary privileges.
1548 The use of impersonated credentials allows an ASP.NET application to run with either the privileges of the client on whose behalf it is executing or with arbitrary privileges granted in its configuration.",,Unknown,
1549 CWE-558,Use of getlogin() in Multithreaded Application (Type: Variant),"The application uses the getlogin() function in a multithreaded context, potentially causing it to return incorrect values.
1550 The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1551 CWE-56,Path Equivalence: filedir* (Wildcard) (Type: Variant),"A software system that accepts path input in the form of asterisk wildcard ('filedir*') without appropriate validation can lead to ambiguous path resolution and allow an attacker to traverse the file system to unintended locations or access arbitrary files.
1552 The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1553 CWE-560,Use of umask() with chmod-style Argument (Type: Variant),"The product calls umask() with an incorrect argument that is specified as if it is an argument to chmod().
1554 The getlogin() function returns a pointer to a string that contains the name of the user associated with the calling process. The function is not reentrant, meaning that if it is called from another process, the contents are not locked out and the value of the string can be changed by another process. This makes it very risky to use because the username can be changed by other processes, so the results of the function cannot be trusted.",,Unknown,
1555 CWE-561,Dead Code (Type: Variant),"The software contains dead code, which can never be executed.
1556 Dead code is source code that can never be executed in a running program. The surrounding code makes it impossible for a section of code to ever be executed.",,Unknown,
1557 CWE-562,Return of Stack Variable Address (Type: Base),"A function returns the address of a stack variable, which will cause unintended program behavior, typically in the form of a crash.
1558 Dead code is source code that can never be executed in a running program. The surrounding code makes it impossible for a section of code to ever be executed.",,Unknown,
1559 CWE-563,Unused Variable (Type: Variant),"The variable's value is assigned but never used, making it a dead store.
1560 It is likely that the variable is simply vestigial, but it is also possible that the unused variable points out a bug.",,Unknown,
1561 CWE-564,SQL Injection: Hibernate (Type: Variant),"Using Hibernate to execute a dynamic SQL statement built with user-controlled input can allow an attacker to modify the statement's meaning or to execute arbitrary SQL commands.
1562 It is likely that the variable is simply vestigial, but it is also possible that the unused variable points out a bug.",,Unknown,
1563 CWE-565,Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking (Type: Base),"The application relies on the existence or values of cookies when performing security-critical operations, but it does not properly ensure that the setting is valid for the associated user.
1564 Attackers can easily modify cookies, within the browser or by implementing the client-side code outside of the browser. Reliance on cookies without detailed validation and integrity checking can allow attackers to bypass authentication, conduct injection attacks such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting, or otherwise modify inputs in unexpected ways.",,Unknown,
1565 CWE-566,Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled SQL Primary Key (Type: Variant),"The software uses a database table that includes records that should not be accessible to an actor, but it executes a SQL statement with a primary key that can be controlled by that actor.
1566 When a user can set a primary key to any value, then the user can modify the key to point to unauthorized records.
10551567 Database access control errors occur when:
10561568 Data enters a program from an untrusted source.
10571569 The data is used to specify the value of a primary key in a SQL query.
10581570 The untrusted source does not have the permissions to be able to access all rows in the associated table.",,Unknown,
1059 CWE-567,Unsynchronized Access to Shared Data in a Multithreaded Context (Type: Base),"The product does not properly synchronize shared data, such as static variables across threads, which can lead to undefined behavior and unpredictable data changes.","Within servlets, shared static variables are not protected from concurrent access, but servlets are multithreaded. This is a typical programming mistake in J2EE applications, since the multithreading is handled by the framework. When a shared variable can be influenced by an attacker, one thread could wind up modifying the variable to contain data that is not valid for a different thread that is also using the data within the variable.
1571 CWE-567,Unsynchronized Access to Shared Data in a Multithreaded Context (Type: Base),"The product does not properly synchronize shared data, such as static variables across threads, which can lead to undefined behavior and unpredictable data changes.
1572 Within servlets, shared static variables are not protected from concurrent access, but servlets are multithreaded. This is a typical programming mistake in J2EE applications, since the multithreading is handled by the framework. When a shared variable can be influenced by an attacker, one thread could wind up modifying the variable to contain data that is not valid for a different thread that is also using the data within the variable.
10601573 Note that this weakness is not unique to servlets.",,Unknown,
1061 CWE-568,finalize() Method Without super.finalize() (Type: Variant),The software contains a finalize() method that does not call super.finalize().,The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().,,Unknown,
1062 CWE-57,Path Equivalence: fakedir/../realdir/filename (Type: Variant),"The software contains protection mechanisms to restrict access to 'realdir/filename', but it constructs pathnames using external input in the form of 'fakedir/../realdir/filename' that are not handled by those mechanisms. This allows attackers to perform unauthorized actions against the targeted file.",The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().,,Unknown,
1063 CWE-570,Expression is Always False (Type: Variant),The software contains an expression that will always evaluate to false.,The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().,,Unknown,
1064 CWE-571,Expression is Always True (Type: Variant),The software contains an expression that will always evaluate to true.,The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().,,Unknown,
1065 CWE-572,Call to Thread run() instead of start() (Type: Variant),"The program calls a thread's run() method instead of calling start(), which causes the code to run in the thread of the caller instead of the callee.","In most cases a direct call to a Thread object's run() method is a bug. The programmer intended to begin a new thread of control, but accidentally called run() instead of start(), so the run() method will execute in the caller's thread of control.",,Unknown,
1066 CWE-573,Improper Following of Specification by Caller (Type: Class),"The software does not follow or incorrectly follows the specifications as required by the implementation language, environment, framework, protocol, or platform.","When leveraging external functionality, such as an API, it is important that the caller does so in accordance with the requirements of the external functionality or else unintended behaviors may result, possibly leaving the system vulnerable to any number of exploits.",,Unknown,
1067 CWE-574,EJB Bad Practices: Use of Synchronization Primitives (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using thread synchronization primitives.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use thread synchronization primitives to synchronize execution of multiple instances."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""This rule is required to ensure consistent runtime semantics because while some EJB containers may use a single JVM to execute all enterprise bean's instances, others may distribute the instances across multiple JVMs.""",,Unknown,
1068 CWE-575,EJB Bad Practices: Use of AWT Swing (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using AWT/Swing.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use the AWT functionality to attempt to output information to a display, or to input information from a keyboard."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""Most servers do not allow direct interaction between an application program and a keyboard/display attached to the server system.""",,Unknown,
1069 CWE-576,EJB Bad Practices: Use of Java I/O (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using the java.io package.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use the java.io package to attempt to access files and directories in the file system."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""The file system APIs are not well-suited for business components to access data. Business components should use a resource manager API, such as JDBC, to store data.""",,Unknown,
1070 CWE-577,EJB Bad Practices: Use of Sockets (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using sockets.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not attempt to listen on a socket, accept connections on a socket, or use a socket for multicast."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""The EJB architecture allows an enterprise bean instance to be a network socket client, but it does not allow it to be a network server. Allowing the instance to become a network server would conflict with the basic function of the enterprise bean-- to serve the EJB clients.""",,Unknown,
1071 CWE-578,EJB Bad Practices: Use of Class Loader (Type: Variant),The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using the class loader.,"The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""The enterprise bean must not attempt to create a class loader; obtain the current class loader; set the context class loader; set security manager; create a new security manager; stop the JVM; or change the input, output, and error streams."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""These functions are reserved for the EJB container. Allowing the enterprise bean to use these functions could compromise security and decrease the container's ability to properly manage the runtime environment.""",,Unknown,
1072 CWE-579,J2EE Bad Practices: Non-serializable Object Stored in Session (Type: Variant),"The application stores a non-serializable object as an HttpSession attribute, which can hurt reliability.","The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""The enterprise bean must not attempt to create a class loader; obtain the current class loader; set the context class loader; set security manager; create a new security manager; stop the JVM; or change the input, output, and error streams."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""These functions are reserved for the EJB container. Allowing the enterprise bean to use these functions could compromise security and decrease the container's ability to properly manage the runtime environment.""",,Unknown,
1073 CWE-58,Path Equivalence: Windows 8.3 Filename (Type: Variant),"The software contains a protection mechanism that restricts access to a long filename on a Windows operating system, but the software does not properly restrict access to the equivalent short ""8.3"" filename.","On later Windows operating systems, a file can have a ""long name"" and a short name that is compatible with older Windows file systems, with up to 8 characters in the filename and 3 characters for the extension. These ""8.3"" filenames, therefore, act as an alternate name for files with long names, so they are useful pathname equivalence manipulations.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code
1574 CWE-568,finalize() Method Without super.finalize() (Type: Variant),"The software contains a finalize() method that does not call super.finalize().
1575 The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().",,Unknown,
1576 CWE-57,Path Equivalence: fakedir/../realdir/filename (Type: Variant),"The software contains protection mechanisms to restrict access to 'realdir/filename', but it constructs pathnames using external input in the form of 'fakedir/../realdir/filename' that are not handled by those mechanisms. This allows attackers to perform unauthorized actions against the targeted file.
1577 The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().",,Unknown,
1578 CWE-570,Expression is Always False (Type: Variant),"The software contains an expression that will always evaluate to false.
1579 The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().",,Unknown,
1580 CWE-571,Expression is Always True (Type: Variant),"The software contains an expression that will always evaluate to true.
1581 The Java Language Specification states that it is a good practice for a finalize() method to call super.finalize().",,Unknown,
1582 CWE-572,Call to Thread run() instead of start() (Type: Variant),"The program calls a thread's run() method instead of calling start(), which causes the code to run in the thread of the caller instead of the callee.
1583 In most cases a direct call to a Thread object's run() method is a bug. The programmer intended to begin a new thread of control, but accidentally called run() instead of start(), so the run() method will execute in the caller's thread of control.",,Unknown,
1584 CWE-573,Improper Following of Specification by Caller (Type: Class),"The software does not follow or incorrectly follows the specifications as required by the implementation language, environment, framework, protocol, or platform.
1585 When leveraging external functionality, such as an API, it is important that the caller does so in accordance with the requirements of the external functionality or else unintended behaviors may result, possibly leaving the system vulnerable to any number of exploits.",,Unknown,
1586 CWE-574,EJB Bad Practices: Use of Synchronization Primitives (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using thread synchronization primitives.
1587 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use thread synchronization primitives to synchronize execution of multiple instances."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""This rule is required to ensure consistent runtime semantics because while some EJB containers may use a single JVM to execute all enterprise bean's instances, others may distribute the instances across multiple JVMs.""",,Unknown,
1588 CWE-575,EJB Bad Practices: Use of AWT Swing (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using AWT/Swing.
1589 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use the AWT functionality to attempt to output information to a display, or to input information from a keyboard."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""Most servers do not allow direct interaction between an application program and a keyboard/display attached to the server system.""",,Unknown,
1590 CWE-576,EJB Bad Practices: Use of Java I/O (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using the java.io package.
1591 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not use the java.io package to attempt to access files and directories in the file system."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""The file system APIs are not well-suited for business components to access data. Business components should use a resource manager API, such as JDBC, to store data.""",,Unknown,
1592 CWE-577,EJB Bad Practices: Use of Sockets (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using sockets.
1593 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""An enterprise bean must not attempt to listen on a socket, accept connections on a socket, or use a socket for multicast."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""The EJB architecture allows an enterprise bean instance to be a network socket client, but it does not allow it to be a network server. Allowing the instance to become a network server would conflict with the basic function of the enterprise bean-- to serve the EJB clients.""",,Unknown,
1594 CWE-578,EJB Bad Practices: Use of Class Loader (Type: Variant),"The program violates the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification by using the class loader.
1595 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""The enterprise bean must not attempt to create a class loader; obtain the current class loader; set the context class loader; set security manager; create a new security manager; stop the JVM; or change the input, output, and error streams."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""These functions are reserved for the EJB container. Allowing the enterprise bean to use these functions could compromise security and decrease the container's ability to properly manage the runtime environment.""",,Unknown,
1596 CWE-579,J2EE Bad Practices: Non-serializable Object Stored in Session (Type: Variant),"The application stores a non-serializable object as an HttpSession attribute, which can hurt reliability.
1597 The Enterprise JavaBeans specification requires that every bean provider follow a set of programming guidelines designed to ensure that the bean will be portable and behave consistently in any EJB container. In this case, the program violates the following EJB guideline: ""The enterprise bean must not attempt to create a class loader; obtain the current class loader; set the context class loader; set security manager; create a new security manager; stop the JVM; or change the input, output, and error streams."" The specification justifies this requirement in the following way: ""These functions are reserved for the EJB container. Allowing the enterprise bean to use these functions could compromise security and decrease the container's ability to properly manage the runtime environment.""",,Unknown,
1598 CWE-58,Path Equivalence: Windows 8.3 Filename (Type: Variant),"The software contains a protection mechanism that restricts access to a long filename on a Windows operating system, but the software does not properly restrict access to the equivalent short ""8.3"" filename.
1599 On later Windows operating systems, a file can have a ""long name"" and a short name that is compatible with older Windows file systems, with up to 8 characters in the filename and 3 characters for the extension. These ""8.3"" filenames, therefore, act as an alternate name for files with long names, so they are useful pathname equivalence manipulations.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code
10741600 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""DOS 8.3 Filenames"", Page 673."
1075 CWE-580,clone() Method Without super.clone() (Type: Variant),The software contains a clone() method that does not call super.clone() to obtain the new object.,"All implementations of clone() should obtain the new object by calling super.clone(). If a class does not follow this convention, a subclass's clone() method will return an object of the wrong type.",,Unknown,
1076 CWE-581,Object Model Violation: Just One of Equals and Hashcode Defined (Type: Base),The software does not maintain equal hashcodes for equal objects.,"Java objects are expected to obey a number of invariants related to equality. One of these invariants is that equal objects must have equal hashcodes. In other words, if a.equals(b) == true then a.hashCode() == b.hashCode().",,Unknown,
1077 CWE-582,"Array Declared Public, Final, and Static (Type: Variant)","The program declares an array public, final, and static, which is not sufficient to prevent the array's contents from being modified.","Because arrays are mutable objects, the final constraint requires that the array object itself be assigned only once, but makes no guarantees about the values of the array elements. Since the array is public, a malicious program can change the values stored in the array. As such, in most cases an array declared public, final and static is a bug.",,Unknown,
1078 CWE-583,finalize() Method Declared Public (Type: Variant),The program violates secure coding principles for mobile code by declaring a finalize() method public.,"A program should never call finalize explicitly, except to call super.finalize() inside an implementation of finalize(). In mobile code situations, the otherwise error prone practice of manual garbage collection can become a security threat if an attacker can maliciously invoke one of your finalize() methods because it is declared with public access.",,Unknown,
1079 CWE-584,Return Inside Finally Block (Type: Base),"The code has a return statement inside a finally block, which will cause any thrown exception in the try block to be discarded.","A program should never call finalize explicitly, except to call super.finalize() inside an implementation of finalize(). In mobile code situations, the otherwise error prone practice of manual garbage collection can become a security threat if an attacker can maliciously invoke one of your finalize() methods because it is declared with public access.",,Unknown,
1080 CWE-585,Empty Synchronized Block (Type: Variant),The software contains an empty synchronized block.,An empty synchronized block does not actually accomplish any synchronization and may indicate a troubled section of code. An empty synchronized block can occur because code no longer needed within the synchronized block is commented out without removing the synchronized block.,,Unknown,Intrinsic Locks and Synchronization (in Java): http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/concurrency/locksync.html
1081 CWE-586,Explicit Call to Finalize() (Type: Variant),The software makes an explicit call to the finalize() method from outside the finalizer.,"While the Java Language Specification allows an object's finalize() method to be called from outside the finalizer, doing so is usually a bad idea. For example, calling finalize() explicitly means that finalize() will be called more than once: the first time will be the explicit call and the last time will be the call that is made after the object is garbage collected.",,Unknown,
1082 CWE-587,Assignment of a Fixed Address to a Pointer (Type: Base),The software sets a pointer to a specific address other than NULL or 0.,Using a fixed address is not portable because that address will probably not be valid in all environments or platforms.,,Unknown,
1083 CWE-588,Attempt to Access Child of a Non-structure Pointer (Type: Variant),Casting a non-structure type to a structure type and accessing a field can lead to memory access errors or data corruption.,Using a fixed address is not portable because that address will probably not be valid in all environments or platforms.,,Unknown,
1084 CWE-589,Call to Non-ubiquitous API (Type: Variant),The software uses an API function that does not exist on all versions of the target platform. This could cause portability problems or inconsistencies that allow denial of service or other consequences.,"Some functions that offer security features supported by the OS are not available on all versions of the OS in common use. Likewise, functions are often deprecated or made obsolete for security reasons and should not be used.",,Unknown,
1085 CWE-590,Free of Memory not on the Heap (Type: Variant),"The application calls free() on a pointer to memory that was not allocated using associated heap allocation functions such as malloc(), calloc(), or realloc().","When free() is called on an invalid pointer, the program's memory management data structures may become corrupted. This corruption can cause the program to crash or, in some circumstances, an attacker may be able to cause free() to operate on controllable memory locations to modify critical program variables or execute code.",,Unknown,Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/
1086 CWE-591,Sensitive Data Storage in Improperly Locked Memory (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data in memory that is not locked, or that has been incorrectly locked, which might cause the memory to be written to swap files on disk by the virtual memory manager. This can make the data more accessible to external actors.","On Windows systems the VirtualLock function can lock a page of memory to ensure that it will remain present in memory and not be swapped to disk. However, on older versions of Windows, such as 95, 98, or Me, the VirtualLock() function is only a stub and provides no protection. On POSIX systems the mlock() call ensures that a page will stay resident in memory but does not guarantee that the page will not appear in the swap. Therefore, it is unsuitable for use as a protection mechanism for sensitive data. Some platforms, in particular Linux, do make the guarantee that the page will not be swapped, but this is non-standard and is not portable. Calls to mlock() also require supervisor privilege. Return values for both of these calls must be checked to ensure that the lock operation was actually successful.",,Unknown,
1087 CWE-592,Authentication Bypass Issues (Type: Class),"The software does not properly perform authentication, allowing it to be bypassed through various methods.","On Windows systems the VirtualLock function can lock a page of memory to ensure that it will remain present in memory and not be swapped to disk. However, on older versions of Windows, such as 95, 98, or Me, the VirtualLock() function is only a stub and provides no protection. On POSIX systems the mlock() call ensures that a page will stay resident in memory but does not guarantee that the page will not appear in the swap. Therefore, it is unsuitable for use as a protection mechanism for sensitive data. Some platforms, in particular Linux, do make the guarantee that the page will not be swapped, but this is non-standard and is not portable. Calls to mlock() also require supervisor privilege. Return values for both of these calls must be checked to ensure that the lock operation was actually successful.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
1088 CWE-593,Authentication Bypass: OpenSSL CTX Object Modified after SSL Objects are Created (Type: Variant),The software modifies the SSL context after connection creation has begun.,"If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1089 CWE-594,J2EE Framework: Saving Unserializable Objects to Disk (Type: Variant),When the J2EE container attempts to write unserializable objects to disk there is no guarantee that the process will complete successfully.,"If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1090 CWE-595,Comparison of Object References Instead of Object Contents (Type: Base),"The program compares object references instead of the contents of the objects themselves, preventing it from detecting equivalent objects.","If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1091 CWE-596,Incorrect Semantic Object Comparison (Type: Base),The software does not correctly compare two objects based on their conceptual content.,"If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1092 CWE-597,Use of Wrong Operator in String Comparison (Type: Variant),"The product uses the wrong operator when comparing a string, such as using ""=="" when the equals() method should be used instead.","In Java, using == or != to compare two strings for equality actually compares two objects for equality, not their values. Chances are good that the two references will never be equal. While this weakness often only affects program correctness, if the equality is used for a security decision, it could be leveraged to affect program security.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
1093 CWE-598,Information Exposure Through Query Strings in GET Request (Type: Variant),"The web application uses the GET method to process requests that contain sensitive information, which can expose that information through the browser's history, Referers, web logs, and other sources.","In Java, using == or != to compare two strings for equality actually compares two objects for equality, not their values. Chances are good that the two references will never be equal. While this weakness often only affects program correctness, if the equality is used for a security decision, it could be leveraged to affect program security.",,Unknown,
1094 CWE-599,Missing Validation of OpenSSL Certificate (Type: Variant),The software uses OpenSSL and trusts or uses a certificate without using the SSL_get_verify_result() function to ensure that the certificate satisfies all necessary security requirements.,"This could allow an attacker to use an invalid certificate to claim to be a trusted host, use expired certificates, or conduct other attacks that could be detected if the certificate is properly validated.",,Unknown,
1095 CWE-6,J2EE Misconfiguration: Insufficient Session-ID Length (Type: Variant),The J2EE application is configured to use an insufficient session ID length.,"If an attacker can guess or steal a session ID, then he/she may be able to take over the user's session (called session hijacking). The number of possible session IDs increases with increased session ID length, making it more difficult to guess or steal a session ID.",,Unknown,No description: http://www.securiteam.com/securityreviews/5TP0F0UEVQ.html
1096 CWE-600,Uncaught Exception in Servlet (Type: Base),"The Servlet does not catch all exceptions, which may reveal sensitive debugging information.","When a Servlet throws an exception, the default error response the Servlet container sends back to the user typically includes debugging information. This information is of great value to an attacker. For example, a stack trace might show the attacker a malformed SQL query string, the type of database being used, and the version of the application container. This information enables the attacker to target known vulnerabilities in these components.",,Unknown,
1097 CWE-603,Use of Client-Side Authentication (Type: Base),"A client/server product performs authentication within client code but not in server code, allowing server-side authentication to be bypassed via a modified client that omits the authentication check.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
1098 CWE-605,Multiple Binds to the Same Port (Type: Base),"When multiple sockets are allowed to bind to the same port, other services on that port may be stolen or spoofed.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,
1099 CWE-606,Unchecked Input for Loop Condition (Type: Base),"The product does not properly check inputs that are used for loop conditions, potentially leading to a denial of service because of excessive looping.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
1100 CWE-607,Public Static Final Field References Mutable Object (Type: Variant),"A public or protected static final field references a mutable object, which allows the object to be changed by malicious code, or accidentally from another package.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,
1101 CWE-608,Struts: Non-private Field in ActionForm Class (Type: Variant),"An ActionForm class contains a field that has not been declared private, which can be accessed without using a setter or getter.",Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.,,Unknown,
1102 CWE-609,Double-Checked Locking (Type: Base),"The program uses double-checked locking to access a resource without the overhead of explicit synchronization, but the locking is insufficient.","Double-checked locking refers to the situation where a programmer checks to see if a resource has been initialized, grabs a lock, checks again to see if the resource has been initialized, and then performs the initialization if it has not occurred yet. This should not be done, as is not guaranteed to work in all languages and on all architectures. In summary, other threads may not be operating inside the synchronous block and are not guaranteed to see the operations execute in the same order as they would appear inside the synchronous block.",,Unknown,"The ""Double-Checked Locking is Broken"" Declaration: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~pugh/java/memoryModel/DoubleCheckedLocking.html
1601 CWE-580,clone() Method Without super.clone() (Type: Variant),"The software contains a clone() method that does not call super.clone() to obtain the new object.
1602 All implementations of clone() should obtain the new object by calling super.clone(). If a class does not follow this convention, a subclass's clone() method will return an object of the wrong type.",,Unknown,
1603 CWE-581,Object Model Violation: Just One of Equals and Hashcode Defined (Type: Base),"The software does not maintain equal hashcodes for equal objects.
1604 Java objects are expected to obey a number of invariants related to equality. One of these invariants is that equal objects must have equal hashcodes. In other words, if a.equals(b) == true then a.hashCode() == b.hashCode().",,Unknown,
1605 CWE-582,"Array Declared Public, Final, and Static (Type: Variant)","The program declares an array public, final, and static, which is not sufficient to prevent the array's contents from being modified.
1606 Because arrays are mutable objects, the final constraint requires that the array object itself be assigned only once, but makes no guarantees about the values of the array elements. Since the array is public, a malicious program can change the values stored in the array. As such, in most cases an array declared public, final and static is a bug.",,Unknown,
1607 CWE-583,finalize() Method Declared Public (Type: Variant),"The program violates secure coding principles for mobile code by declaring a finalize() method public.
1608 A program should never call finalize explicitly, except to call super.finalize() inside an implementation of finalize(). In mobile code situations, the otherwise error prone practice of manual garbage collection can become a security threat if an attacker can maliciously invoke one of your finalize() methods because it is declared with public access.",,Unknown,
1609 CWE-584,Return Inside Finally Block (Type: Base),"The code has a return statement inside a finally block, which will cause any thrown exception in the try block to be discarded.
1610 A program should never call finalize explicitly, except to call super.finalize() inside an implementation of finalize(). In mobile code situations, the otherwise error prone practice of manual garbage collection can become a security threat if an attacker can maliciously invoke one of your finalize() methods because it is declared with public access.",,Unknown,
1611 CWE-585,Empty Synchronized Block (Type: Variant),"The software contains an empty synchronized block.
1612 An empty synchronized block does not actually accomplish any synchronization and may indicate a troubled section of code. An empty synchronized block can occur because code no longer needed within the synchronized block is commented out without removing the synchronized block.",,Unknown,Intrinsic Locks and Synchronization (in Java): http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/concurrency/locksync.html
1613 CWE-586,Explicit Call to Finalize() (Type: Variant),"The software makes an explicit call to the finalize() method from outside the finalizer.
1614 While the Java Language Specification allows an object's finalize() method to be called from outside the finalizer, doing so is usually a bad idea. For example, calling finalize() explicitly means that finalize() will be called more than once: the first time will be the explicit call and the last time will be the call that is made after the object is garbage collected.",,Unknown,
1615 CWE-587,Assignment of a Fixed Address to a Pointer (Type: Base),"The software sets a pointer to a specific address other than NULL or 0.
1616 Using a fixed address is not portable because that address will probably not be valid in all environments or platforms.",,Unknown,
1617 CWE-588,Attempt to Access Child of a Non-structure Pointer (Type: Variant),"Casting a non-structure type to a structure type and accessing a field can lead to memory access errors or data corruption.
1618 Using a fixed address is not portable because that address will probably not be valid in all environments or platforms.",,Unknown,
1619 CWE-589,Call to Non-ubiquitous API (Type: Variant),"The software uses an API function that does not exist on all versions of the target platform. This could cause portability problems or inconsistencies that allow denial of service or other consequences.
1620 Some functions that offer security features supported by the OS are not available on all versions of the OS in common use. Likewise, functions are often deprecated or made obsolete for security reasons and should not be used.",,Unknown,
1621 CWE-590,Free of Memory not on the Heap (Type: Variant),"The application calls free() on a pointer to memory that was not allocated using associated heap allocation functions such as malloc(), calloc(), or realloc().
1622 When free() is called on an invalid pointer, the program's memory management data structures may become corrupted. This corruption can cause the program to crash or, in some circumstances, an attacker may be able to cause free() to operate on controllable memory locations to modify critical program variables or execute code.",,Unknown,Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/
1623 CWE-591,Sensitive Data Storage in Improperly Locked Memory (Type: Variant),"The application stores sensitive data in memory that is not locked, or that has been incorrectly locked, which might cause the memory to be written to swap files on disk by the virtual memory manager. This can make the data more accessible to external actors.
1624 On Windows systems the VirtualLock function can lock a page of memory to ensure that it will remain present in memory and not be swapped to disk. However, on older versions of Windows, such as 95, 98, or Me, the VirtualLock() function is only a stub and provides no protection. On POSIX systems the mlock() call ensures that a page will stay resident in memory but does not guarantee that the page will not appear in the swap. Therefore, it is unsuitable for use as a protection mechanism for sensitive data. Some platforms, in particular Linux, do make the guarantee that the page will not be swapped, but this is non-standard and is not portable. Calls to mlock() also require supervisor privilege. Return values for both of these calls must be checked to ensure that the lock operation was actually successful.",,Unknown,
1625 CWE-592,Authentication Bypass Issues (Type: Class),"The software does not properly perform authentication, allowing it to be bypassed through various methods.
1626 On Windows systems the VirtualLock function can lock a page of memory to ensure that it will remain present in memory and not be swapped to disk. However, on older versions of Windows, such as 95, 98, or Me, the VirtualLock() function is only a stub and provides no protection. On POSIX systems the mlock() call ensures that a page will stay resident in memory but does not guarantee that the page will not appear in the swap. Therefore, it is unsuitable for use as a protection mechanism for sensitive data. Some platforms, in particular Linux, do make the guarantee that the page will not be swapped, but this is non-standard and is not portable. Calls to mlock() also require supervisor privilege. Return values for both of these calls must be checked to ensure that the lock operation was actually successful.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
1627 CWE-593,Authentication Bypass: OpenSSL CTX Object Modified after SSL Objects are Created (Type: Variant),"The software modifies the SSL context after connection creation has begun.
1628 If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1629 CWE-594,J2EE Framework: Saving Unserializable Objects to Disk (Type: Variant),"When the J2EE container attempts to write unserializable objects to disk there is no guarantee that the process will complete successfully.
1630 If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1631 CWE-595,Comparison of Object References Instead of Object Contents (Type: Base),"The program compares object references instead of the contents of the objects themselves, preventing it from detecting equivalent objects.
1632 If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1633 CWE-596,Incorrect Semantic Object Comparison (Type: Base),"The software does not correctly compare two objects based on their conceptual content.
1634 If the program modifies the SSL_CTX object after creating SSL objects from it, there is the possibility that older SSL objects created from the original context could all be affected by that change.",,Unknown,
1635 CWE-597,Use of Wrong Operator in String Comparison (Type: Variant),"The product uses the wrong operator when comparing a string, such as using ""=="" when the equals() method should be used instead.
1636 In Java, using == or != to compare two strings for equality actually compares two objects for equality, not their values. Chances are good that the two references will never be equal. While this weakness often only affects program correctness, if the equality is used for a security decision, it could be leveraged to affect program security.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Typos"", Page 289."
1637 CWE-598,Information Exposure Through Query Strings in GET Request (Type: Variant),"The web application uses the GET method to process requests that contain sensitive information, which can expose that information through the browser's history, Referers, web logs, and other sources.
1638 In Java, using == or != to compare two strings for equality actually compares two objects for equality, not their values. Chances are good that the two references will never be equal. While this weakness often only affects program correctness, if the equality is used for a security decision, it could be leveraged to affect program security.",,Unknown,
1639 CWE-599,Missing Validation of OpenSSL Certificate (Type: Variant),"The software uses OpenSSL and trusts or uses a certificate without using the SSL_get_verify_result() function to ensure that the certificate satisfies all necessary security requirements.
1640 This could allow an attacker to use an invalid certificate to claim to be a trusted host, use expired certificates, or conduct other attacks that could be detected if the certificate is properly validated.",,Unknown,
1641 CWE-6,J2EE Misconfiguration: Insufficient Session-ID Length (Type: Variant),"The J2EE application is configured to use an insufficient session ID length.
1642 If an attacker can guess or steal a session ID, then he/she may be able to take over the user's session (called session hijacking). The number of possible session IDs increases with increased session ID length, making it more difficult to guess or steal a session ID.",,Unknown,No description: http://www.securiteam.com/securityreviews/5TP0F0UEVQ.html
1643 CWE-600,Uncaught Exception in Servlet (Type: Base),"The Servlet does not catch all exceptions, which may reveal sensitive debugging information.
1644 When a Servlet throws an exception, the default error response the Servlet container sends back to the user typically includes debugging information. This information is of great value to an attacker. For example, a stack trace might show the attacker a malformed SQL query string, the type of database being used, and the version of the application container. This information enables the attacker to target known vulnerabilities in these components.",,Unknown,
1645 CWE-603,Use of Client-Side Authentication (Type: Base),"A client/server product performs authentication within client code but not in server code, allowing server-side authentication to be bypassed via a modified client that omits the authentication check.
1646 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 2, ""Untrustworthy Credentials"", Page 37."
1647 CWE-605,Multiple Binds to the Same Port (Type: Base),"When multiple sockets are allowed to bind to the same port, other services on that port may be stolen or spoofed.
1648 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,
1649 CWE-606,Unchecked Input for Loop Condition (Type: Base),"The product does not properly check inputs that are used for loop conditions, potentially leading to a denial of service because of excessive looping.
1650 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
1651 CWE-607,Public Static Final Field References Mutable Object (Type: Variant),"A public or protected static final field references a mutable object, which allows the object to be changed by malicious code, or accidentally from another package.
1652 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,
1653 CWE-608,Struts: Non-private Field in ActionForm Class (Type: Variant),"An ActionForm class contains a field that has not been declared private, which can be accessed without using a setter or getter.
1654 Client-side authentication is extremely weak and may be breached easily. Any attacker may read the source code and reverse-engineer the authentication mechanism to access parts of the application which would otherwise be protected.",,Unknown,
1655 CWE-609,Double-Checked Locking (Type: Base),"The program uses double-checked locking to access a resource without the overhead of explicit synchronization, but the locking is insufficient.
1656 Double-checked locking refers to the situation where a programmer checks to see if a resource has been initialized, grabs a lock, checks again to see if the resource has been initialized, and then performs the initialization if it has not occurred yet. This should not be done, as is not guaranteed to work in all languages and on all architectures. In summary, other threads may not be operating inside the synchronous block and are not guaranteed to see the operations execute in the same order as they would appear inside the synchronous block.",,Unknown,"The ""Double-Checked Locking is Broken"" Declaration: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~pugh/java/memoryModel/DoubleCheckedLocking.html
11031657 JSR 133 (Java Memory Model) FAQ: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~pugh/java/memoryModel/jsr-133-faq.html#dcl
11041658 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Threading Vulnerabilities"", Page 815."
1105 CWE-610,Externally Controlled Reference to a Resource in Another Sphere (Type: Class),The product uses an externally controlled name or reference that resolves to a resource that is outside of the intended control sphere.,,,Unknown,
1106 CWE-611,Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference (XXE) (Type: Variant),"The software processes an XML document that can contain XML entities with URIs that resolve to documents outside of the intended sphere of control, causing the product to embed incorrect documents into its output.","XML documents optionally contain a Document Type Definition (DTD), which, among other features, enables the definition of XML entities. It is possible to define an entity by providing a substitution string in the form of a URI. The XML parser can access the contents of this URI and embed these contents back into the XML document for further processing.
1659 CWE-610,Externally Controlled Reference to a Resource in Another Sphere (Type: Class),"The product uses an externally controlled name or reference that resolves to a resource that is outside of the intended control sphere.
1660 ",,Unknown,
1661 CWE-611,Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference (XXE) (Type: Variant),"The software processes an XML document that can contain XML entities with URIs that resolve to documents outside of the intended sphere of control, causing the product to embed incorrect documents into its output.
1662 XML documents optionally contain a Document Type Definition (DTD), which, among other features, enables the definition of XML entities. It is possible to define an entity by providing a substitution string in the form of a URI. The XML parser can access the contents of this URI and embed these contents back into the XML document for further processing.
11071663 By submitting an XML file that defines an external entity with a file:// URI, an attacker can cause the processing application to read the contents of a local file. For example, a URI such as ""file:///c:/winnt/win.ini"" designates (in Windows) the file C:\Winnt\win.ini, or file:///etc/passwd designates the password file in Unix-based systems. Using URIs with other schemes such as http://, the attacker can force the application to make outgoing requests to servers that the attacker cannot reach directly, which can be used to bypass firewall restrictions or hide the source of attacks such as port scanning.
11081664 Once the content of the URI is read, it is fed back into the application that is processing the XML. This application may echo back the data (e.g. in an error message), thereby exposing the file contents.",,Unknown,"XML External Entity (XXE) Processing: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/XML_External_Entity_(XXE)_Processing
11091665 XML External Entity Attacks (XXE): https://www.owasp.org/images/5/5d/XML_Exteral_Entity_Attack.pdf
11111667 XML External Entities (XXE) Attack: http://projects.webappsec.org/w/page/13247003/XML%20External%20Entities
11121668 XML Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/ee335713.aspx
11131669 Preventing XXE in PHP: http://websec.io/2012/08/27/Preventing-XEE-in-PHP.html"
1114 CWE-612,Information Exposure Through Indexing of Private Data (Type: Variant),"The product performs an indexing routine against private documents, but does not sufficiently verify that the actors who can access the index also have the privileges to access the private documents.","When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1115 CWE-613,Insufficient Session Expiration (Type: Base),"According to WASC, ""Insufficient Session Expiration is when a web site permits an attacker to reuse old session credentials or session IDs for authorization.""","When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1116 CWE-614,Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without Secure Attribute (Type: Variant),"The Secure attribute for sensitive cookies in HTTPS sessions is not set, which could cause the user agent to send those cookies in plaintext over an HTTP session.","When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1117 CWE-615,Information Exposure Through Comments (Type: Variant),"While adding general comments is very useful, some programmers tend to leave important data, such as: filenames related to the web application, old links or links which were not meant to be browsed by users, old code fragments, etc.","An attacker who finds these comments can map the application's structure and files, expose hidden parts of the site, and study the fragments of code to reverse engineer the application, which may help develop further attacks against the site.",,Unknown,
1118 CWE-616,Incomplete Identification of Uploaded File Variables (PHP) (Type: Variant),"The PHP application uses an old method for processing uploaded files by referencing the four global variables that are set for each file (e.g. $varname, $varname_size, $varname_name, $varname_type). These variables could be overwritten by attackers, causing the application to process unauthorized files.","These global variables could be overwritten by POST requests, cookies, or other methods of populating or overwriting these variables. This could be used to read or process arbitrary files by providing values such as ""/etc/passwd"".",,Unknown,"A Study in Scarlet - section 5, ""File Upload"""
1119 CWE-617,Reachable Assertion (Type: Variant),"The product contains an assert() or similar statement that can be triggered by an attacker, which leads to an application exit or other behavior that is more severe than necessary.","For example, if a server handles multiple simultaneous connections, and an assert() occurs in one single connection that causes all other connections to be dropped, this is a reachable assertion that leads to a denial of service.",,Unknown,
1120 CWE-618,Exposed Unsafe ActiveX Method (Type: Base),"An ActiveX control is intended for use in a web browser, but it exposes dangerous methods that perform actions that are outside of the browser's security model (e.g. the zone or domain).","ActiveX controls can exercise far greater control over the operating system than typical Java or javascript. Exposed methods can be subject to various vulnerabilities, depending on the implemented behaviors of those methods, and whether input validation is performed on the provided arguments. If there is no integrity checking or origin validation, this method could be invoked by attackers.",,Unknown,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
1670 CWE-612,Information Exposure Through Indexing of Private Data (Type: Variant),"The product performs an indexing routine against private documents, but does not sufficiently verify that the actors who can access the index also have the privileges to access the private documents.
1671 When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1672 CWE-613,Insufficient Session Expiration (Type: Base),"According to WASC, ""Insufficient Session Expiration is when a web site permits an attacker to reuse old session credentials or session IDs for authorization.""
1673 When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1674 CWE-614,Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without Secure Attribute (Type: Variant),"The Secure attribute for sensitive cookies in HTTPS sessions is not set, which could cause the user agent to send those cookies in plaintext over an HTTP session.
1675 When an indexing routine is applied against a group of private documents, and that index's results are available to outsiders who do not have access to those documents, then outsiders might be able to obtain sensitive information by conducting targeted searches. The risk is especially dangerous if search results include surrounding text that was not part of the search query. This issue can appear in search engines that are not configured (or implemented) to ignore critical files that should remain hidden; even without permissions to download these files directly, the remote user could read them.",,Unknown,
1676 CWE-615,Information Exposure Through Comments (Type: Variant),"While adding general comments is very useful, some programmers tend to leave important data, such as: filenames related to the web application, old links or links which were not meant to be browsed by users, old code fragments, etc.
1677 An attacker who finds these comments can map the application's structure and files, expose hidden parts of the site, and study the fragments of code to reverse engineer the application, which may help develop further attacks against the site.",,Unknown,
1678 CWE-616,Incomplete Identification of Uploaded File Variables (PHP) (Type: Variant),"The PHP application uses an old method for processing uploaded files by referencing the four global variables that are set for each file (e.g. $varname, $varname_size, $varname_name, $varname_type). These variables could be overwritten by attackers, causing the application to process unauthorized files.
1679 These global variables could be overwritten by POST requests, cookies, or other methods of populating or overwriting these variables. This could be used to read or process arbitrary files by providing values such as ""/etc/passwd"".",,Unknown,"A Study in Scarlet - section 5, ""File Upload"""
1680 CWE-617,Reachable Assertion (Type: Variant),"The product contains an assert() or similar statement that can be triggered by an attacker, which leads to an application exit or other behavior that is more severe than necessary.
1681 For example, if a server handles multiple simultaneous connections, and an assert() occurs in one single connection that causes all other connections to be dropped, this is a reachable assertion that leads to a denial of service.",,Unknown,
1682 CWE-618,Exposed Unsafe ActiveX Method (Type: Base),"An ActiveX control is intended for use in a web browser, but it exposes dangerous methods that perform actions that are outside of the browser's security model (e.g. the zone or domain).
1683 ActiveX controls can exercise far greater control over the operating system than typical Java or javascript. Exposed methods can be subject to various vulnerabilities, depending on the implemented behaviors of those methods, and whether input validation is performed on the provided arguments. If there is no integrity checking or origin validation, this method could be invoked by attackers.",,Unknown,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
11211684 No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/security.asp
11221685 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 12, ""ActiveX Security"", Page 749."
1123 CWE-619,Dangling Database Cursor (Cursor Injection) (Type: Base),"If a database cursor is not closed properly, then it could become accessible to other users while retaining the same privileges that were originally assigned, leaving the cursor ""dangling.""","For example, an improper dangling cursor could arise from unhandled exceptions. The impact of the issue depends on the cursor's role, but SQL injection attacks are commonly possible.",,Unknown,"The Oracle Hacker's Handbook
1686 CWE-619,Dangling Database Cursor (Cursor Injection) (Type: Base),"If a database cursor is not closed properly, then it could become accessible to other users while retaining the same privileges that were originally assigned, leaving the cursor ""dangling.""
1687 For example, an improper dangling cursor could arise from unhandled exceptions. The impact of the issue depends on the cursor's role, but SQL injection attacks are commonly possible.",,Unknown,"The Oracle Hacker's Handbook
11241688 Cursor Injection: http://www.databasesecurity.com/dbsec/cursor-injection.pdf"
1125 CWE-62,UNIX Hard Link (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently account for when the name is associated with a hard link to a target that is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.","Failure for a system to check for hard links can result in vulnerability to different types of attacks. For example, an attacker can escalate their privileges if a file used by a privileged program is replaced with a hard link to a sensitive file (e.g. /etc/passwd). When the process opens the file, the attacker can assume the privileges of that process.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Hard Links"", Page 518."
1126 CWE-620,Unverified Password Change (Type: Variant),"When setting a new password for a user, the product does not require knowledge of the original password, or using another form of authentication.","This could be used by an attacker to change passwords for another user, thus gaining the privileges associated with that user.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1127 CWE-621,Variable Extraction Error (Type: Base),"The product uses external input to determine the names of variables into which information is extracted, without verifying that the names of the specified variables are valid. This could cause the program to overwrite unintended variables.","For example, in PHP, calling extract() or import_request_variables() without the proper arguments could allow arbitrary global variables to be overwritten, including superglobals. Similar functionality might be possible in other interpreted languages, including custom languages.",,Unknown,
1128 CWE-622,Improper Validation of Function Hook Arguments (Type: Variant),"A product adds hooks to user-accessible API functions, but does not properly validate the arguments. This could lead to resultant vulnerabilities.","Such hooks can be used in defensive software that runs with privileges, such as anti-virus or firewall, which hooks kernel calls. When the arguments are not validated, they could be used to bypass the protection scheme or attack the product itself.",,Unknown,
1129 CWE-623,Unsafe ActiveX Control Marked Safe For Scripting (Type: Variant),"An ActiveX control is intended for restricted use, but it has been marked as safe-for-scripting.","This might allow attackers to use dangerous functionality via a web page that accesses the control, which can lead to different resultant vulnerabilities, depending on the control's behavior.",,Unknown,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
1689 CWE-62,UNIX Hard Link (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently account for when the name is associated with a hard link to a target that is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.
1690 Failure for a system to check for hard links can result in vulnerability to different types of attacks. For example, an attacker can escalate their privileges if a file used by a privileged program is replaced with a hard link to a sensitive file (e.g. /etc/passwd). When the process opens the file, the attacker can assume the privileges of that process.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 9, ""Hard Links"", Page 518."
1691 CWE-620,Unverified Password Change (Type: Variant),"When setting a new password for a user, the product does not require knowledge of the original password, or using another form of authentication.
1692 This could be used by an attacker to change passwords for another user, thus gaining the privileges associated with that user.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1693 CWE-621,Variable Extraction Error (Type: Base),"The product uses external input to determine the names of variables into which information is extracted, without verifying that the names of the specified variables are valid. This could cause the program to overwrite unintended variables.
1694 For example, in PHP, calling extract() or import_request_variables() without the proper arguments could allow arbitrary global variables to be overwritten, including superglobals. Similar functionality might be possible in other interpreted languages, including custom languages.",,Unknown,
1695 CWE-622,Improper Validation of Function Hook Arguments (Type: Variant),"A product adds hooks to user-accessible API functions, but does not properly validate the arguments. This could lead to resultant vulnerabilities.
1696 Such hooks can be used in defensive software that runs with privileges, such as anti-virus or firewall, which hooks kernel calls. When the arguments are not validated, they could be used to bypass the protection scheme or attack the product itself.",,Unknown,
1697 CWE-623,Unsafe ActiveX Control Marked Safe For Scripting (Type: Variant),"An ActiveX control is intended for restricted use, but it has been marked as safe-for-scripting.
1698 This might allow attackers to use dangerous functionality via a web page that accesses the control, which can lead to different resultant vulnerabilities, depending on the control's behavior.",,Unknown,"No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/safety.asp
11301699 No description: http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/components/activex/security.asp
11311700 No description: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/240797
11321701 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 16, ""What ActiveX Components Are Safe for Initialization and Safe for Scripting?"" Page 510
11331702 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 12, ""ActiveX Security"", Page 749."
1134 CWE-624,Executable Regular Expression Error (Type: Base),"The product uses a regular expression that either (1) contains an executable component with user-controlled inputs, or (2) allows a user to enable execution by inserting pattern modifiers.","Case (2) is possible in the PHP preg_replace() function, and possibly in other languages when a user-controlled input is inserted into a string that is later parsed as a regular expression.",,Unknown,
1135 CWE-625,Permissive Regular Expression (Type: Base),The product uses a regular expression that does not sufficiently restrict the set of allowed values.,"This effectively causes the regexp to accept substrings that match the pattern, which produces a partial comparison to the target. In some cases, this can lead to other weaknesses. Common errors include:
1703 CWE-624,Executable Regular Expression Error (Type: Base),"The product uses a regular expression that either (1) contains an executable component with user-controlled inputs, or (2) allows a user to enable execution by inserting pattern modifiers.
1704 Case (2) is possible in the PHP preg_replace() function, and possibly in other languages when a user-controlled input is inserted into a string that is later parsed as a regular expression.",,Unknown,
1705 CWE-625,Permissive Regular Expression (Type: Base),"The product uses a regular expression that does not sufficiently restrict the set of allowed values.
1706 This effectively causes the regexp to accept substrings that match the pattern, which produces a partial comparison to the target. In some cases, this can lead to other weaknesses. Common errors include:
11361707 not identifying the beginning and end of the target string
11371708 using wildcards instead of acceptable character ranges
11381709 others",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""Character Stripping Vulnerabilities"", Page 437."
1139 CWE-626,Null Byte Interaction Error (Poison Null Byte) (Type: Variant),The product does not properly handle null bytes or NUL characters when passing data between different representations or components.,"A null byte (NUL character) can have different meanings across representations or languages. For example, it is a string terminator in standard C libraries, but Perl and PHP strings do not treat it as a terminator. When two representations are crossed - such as when Perl or PHP invokes underlying C functionality - this can produce an interaction error with unexpected results. Similar issues have been reported for ASP. Other interpreters written in C might also be affected.",,Unknown,"Poison NULL byte: http://insecure.org/news/P55-07.txt
1710 CWE-626,Null Byte Interaction Error (Poison Null Byte) (Type: Variant),"The product does not properly handle null bytes or NUL characters when passing data between different representations or components.
1711 A null byte (NUL character) can have different meanings across representations or languages. For example, it is a string terminator in standard C libraries, but Perl and PHP strings do not treat it as a terminator. When two representations are crossed - such as when Perl or PHP invokes underlying C functionality - this can produce an interaction error with unexpected results. Similar issues have been reported for ASP. Other interpreters written in C might also be affected.",,Unknown,"Poison NULL byte: http://insecure.org/news/P55-07.txt
11401712 0x00 vs ASP file upload scripts: http://www.security-assessment.com/Whitepapers/0x00_vs_ASP_File_Uploads.pdf
11411713 ShAnKaR: multiple PHP application poison NULL byte vulnerability: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2006/Sep/0185.html"
1142 CWE-627,Dynamic Variable Evaluation (Type: Base),"In a language where the user can influence the name of a variable at runtime, if the variable names are not controlled, an attacker can read or write to arbitrary variables, or access arbitrary functions.","The resultant vulnerabilities depend on the behavior of the application, both at the crossover point and in any control/data flow that is reachable by the related variables or functions.",,Unknown,"Dynamic Evaluation Vulnerabilities in PHP applications: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2006/May/0035.html
1714 CWE-627,Dynamic Variable Evaluation (Type: Base),"In a language where the user can influence the name of a variable at runtime, if the variable names are not controlled, an attacker can read or write to arbitrary variables, or access arbitrary functions.
1715 The resultant vulnerabilities depend on the behavior of the application, both at the crossover point and in any control/data flow that is reachable by the related variables or functions.",,Unknown,"Dynamic Evaluation Vulnerabilities in PHP applications: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2006/May/0035.html
11431716 A Study In Scarlet: Exploiting Common Vulnerabilities in PHP Applications: http://www.securereality.com.au/studyinscarlet.txt"
1144 CWE-628,Function Call with Incorrectly Specified Arguments (Type: Base),"The product calls a function, procedure, or routine with arguments that are not correctly specified, leading to always-incorrect behavior and resultant weaknesses.","There are multiple ways in which this weakness can be introduced, including:
1717 CWE-628,Function Call with Incorrectly Specified Arguments (Type: Base),"The product calls a function, procedure, or routine with arguments that are not correctly specified, leading to always-incorrect behavior and resultant weaknesses.
1718 There are multiple ways in which this weakness can be introduced, including:
11451719 the wrong variable or reference;
11461720 an incorrect number of arguments;
11471721 incorrect order of arguments;
11481722 wrong type of arguments; or
11491723 wrong value.",,Unknown,
1150 CWE-636,Not Failing Securely (Failing Open) (Type: Class),"When the product encounters an error condition or failure, its design requires it to fall back to a state that is less secure than other options that are available, such as selecting the weakest encryption algorithm or using the most permissive access control restrictions.","By entering a less secure state, the product inherits the weaknesses associated with that state, making it easier to compromise. At the least, it causes administrators to have a false sense of security. This weakness typically occurs as a result of wanting to ""fail functional"" to minimize administration and support costs, instead of ""failing safe.""",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1724 CWE-636,Not Failing Securely (Failing Open) (Type: Class),"When the product encounters an error condition or failure, its design requires it to fall back to a state that is less secure than other options that are available, such as selecting the weakest encryption algorithm or using the most permissive access control restrictions.
1725 By entering a less secure state, the product inherits the weaknesses associated with that state, making it easier to compromise. At the least, it causes administrators to have a false sense of security. This weakness typically occurs as a result of wanting to ""fail functional"" to minimize administration and support costs, instead of ""failing safe.""",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11511726 Failing Securely: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/349.html"
1152 CWE-637,Unnecessary Complexity in Protection Mechanism (Not Using Economy of Mechanism) (Type: Class),"The software uses a more complex mechanism than necessary, which could lead to resultant weaknesses when the mechanism is not correctly understood, modeled, configured, implemented, or used.","Security mechanisms should be as simple as possible. Complex security mechanisms may engender partial implementations and compatibility problems, with resulting mismatches in assumptions and implemented security. A corollary of this principle is that data specifications should be as simple as possible, because complex data specifications result in complex validation code. Complex tasks and systems may also need to be guarded by complex security checks, so simple systems should be preferred.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1727 CWE-637,Unnecessary Complexity in Protection Mechanism (Not Using Economy of Mechanism) (Type: Class),"The software uses a more complex mechanism than necessary, which could lead to resultant weaknesses when the mechanism is not correctly understood, modeled, configured, implemented, or used.
1728 Security mechanisms should be as simple as possible. Complex security mechanisms may engender partial implementations and compatibility problems, with resulting mismatches in assumptions and implemented security. A corollary of this principle is that data specifications should be as simple as possible, because complex data specifications result in complex validation code. Complex tasks and systems may also need to be guarded by complex security checks, so simple systems should be preferred.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11531729 Economy of Mechanism: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/348.html"
1154 CWE-638,Not Using Complete Mediation (Type: Class),"The software does not perform access checks on a resource every time the resource is accessed by an entity, which can create resultant weaknesses if that entity's rights or privileges change over time.",,,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1730 CWE-638,Not Using Complete Mediation (Type: Class),"The software does not perform access checks on a resource every time the resource is accessed by an entity, which can create resultant weaknesses if that entity's rights or privileges change over time.
1731 ",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11551732 Complete Mediation: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/346.html"
1156 CWE-65,Windows Hard Link (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently handle when the name is associated with a hard link to a target that is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.","Failure for a system to check for hard links can result in vulnerability to different types of attacks. For example, an attacker can escalate their privileges if a file used by a privileged program is replaced with a hard link to a sensitive file (e.g. AUTOEXEC.BAT). When the process opens the file, the attacker can assume the privileges of that process, or prevent the program from accurately processing data.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Links"", Page 676."
1157 CWE-651,Information Exposure Through WSDL File (Type: Variant),The Web services architecture may require exposing a WSDL file that contains information on the publicly accessible services and how callers of these services should interact with them (e.g. what parameters they expect and what types they return).,"An information exposure may occur if any of the following apply:
1733 CWE-65,Windows Hard Link (Type: Variant),"The software, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently handle when the name is associated with a hard link to a target that is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the software to operate on unauthorized files.
1734 Failure for a system to check for hard links can result in vulnerability to different types of attacks. For example, an attacker can escalate their privileges if a file used by a privileged program is replaced with a hard link to a sensitive file (e.g. AUTOEXEC.BAT). When the process opens the file, the attacker can assume the privileges of that process, or prevent the program from accurately processing data.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 11, ""Links"", Page 676."
1735 CWE-651,Information Exposure Through WSDL File (Type: Variant),"The Web services architecture may require exposing a WSDL file that contains information on the publicly accessible services and how callers of these services should interact with them (e.g. what parameters they expect and what types they return).
1736 An information exposure may occur if any of the following apply:
11581737 The WSDL file is accessible to a wider audience than intended.
11591738 The WSDL file contains information on the methods/services that should not be publicly accessible or information about deprecated methods. This problem is made more likely due to the WSDL often being automatically generated from the code.
11601739 Information in the WSDL file helps guess names/locations of methods/resources that should not be publicly accessible.",,Unknown,
1161 CWE-653,Insufficient Compartmentalization (Type: Base),"The product does not sufficiently compartmentalize functionality or processes that require different privilege levels, rights, or permissions.","When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1740 CWE-653,Insufficient Compartmentalization (Type: Base),"The product does not sufficiently compartmentalize functionality or processes that require different privilege levels, rights, or permissions.
1741 When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11621742 Separation of Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/357.html"
1163 CWE-654,Reliance on a Single Factor in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"A protection mechanism relies exclusively, or to a large extent, on the evaluation of a single condition or the integrity of a single object or entity in order to make a decision about granting access to restricted resources or functionality.","When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1743 CWE-654,Reliance on a Single Factor in a Security Decision (Type: Base),"A protection mechanism relies exclusively, or to a large extent, on the evaluation of a single condition or the integrity of a single object or entity in order to make a decision about granting access to restricted resources or functionality.
1744 When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11641745 Separation of Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/357.html"
1165 CWE-655,Insufficient Psychological Acceptability (Type: Base),"The software has a protection mechanism that is too difficult or inconvenient to use, encouraging non-malicious users to disable or bypass the mechanism, whether by accident or on purpose.","When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1746 CWE-655,Insufficient Psychological Acceptability (Type: Base),"The software has a protection mechanism that is too difficult or inconvenient to use, encouraging non-malicious users to disable or bypass the mechanism, whether by accident or on purpose.
1747 When a weakness occurs in functionality that is accessible by lower-privileged users, then without strong boundaries, an attack might extend the scope of the damage to higher-privileged users.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11661748 Psychological Acceptability: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/354.html
11671749 Usability of Security: A Case Study: http://reports-archive.adm.cs.cmu.edu/anon/1998/CMU-CS-98-155.pdf
11681750 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 14: Poor Usability."" Page 217"
1169 CWE-656,Reliance on Security Through Obscurity (Type: Base),"The software uses a protection mechanism whose strength depends heavily on its obscurity, such that knowledge of its algorithms or key data is sufficient to defeat the mechanism.","This reliance on ""security through obscurity"" can produce resultant weaknesses if an attacker is able to reverse engineer the inner workings of the mechanism. Note that obscurity can be one small part of defense in depth, since it can create more work for an attacker; however, it is a significant risk if used as the primary means of protection.",,Unknown,"RFC: 793, TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt
1751 CWE-656,Reliance on Security Through Obscurity (Type: Base),"The software uses a protection mechanism whose strength depends heavily on its obscurity, such that knowledge of its algorithms or key data is sufficient to defeat the mechanism.
1752 This reliance on ""security through obscurity"" can produce resultant weaknesses if an attacker is able to reverse engineer the inner workings of the mechanism. Note that obscurity can be one small part of defense in depth, since it can create more work for an attacker; however, it is a significant risk if used as the primary means of protection.",,Unknown,"RFC: 793, TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt
11701753 The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11711754 Never Assuming that Your Secrets Are Safe: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/352.html"
1172 CWE-657,Violation of Secure Design Principles (Type: Class),The product violates well-established principles for secure design.,"This can introduce resultant weaknesses or make it easier for developers to introduce related weaknesses during implementation. Because code is centered around design, it can be resource-intensive to fix design problems.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
1755 CWE-657,Violation of Secure Design Principles (Type: Class),"The product violates well-established principles for secure design.
1756 This can introduce resultant weaknesses or make it easier for developers to introduce related weaknesses during implementation. Because code is centered around design, it can be resource-intensive to fix design problems.",,Unknown,"The Protection of Information in Computer Systems: http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/protection/
11731757 Design Principles: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/358.html"
1174 CWE-66,Improper Handling of File Names that Identify Virtual Resources (Type: Base),"The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a file name that identifies a ""virtual"" resource that is not directly specified within the directory that is associated with the file name, causing the product to perform file-based operations on a resource that is not a file.","Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,
1175 CWE-662,Improper Synchronization (Type: Base),"The software attempts to use a shared resource in an exclusive manner, but does not prevent or incorrectly prevents use of the resource by another thread or process.","Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,
1176 CWE-663,Use of a Non-reentrant Function in a Concurrent Context (Type: Base),The software calls a non-reentrant function in a concurrent context in which a competing code sequence (e.g. thread or signal handler) may have an opportunity to call the same function or otherwise influence its state.,"Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,"Java Concurrency API: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/locks/ReentrantLock.html
1758 CWE-66,Improper Handling of File Names that Identify Virtual Resources (Type: Base),"The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a file name that identifies a ""virtual"" resource that is not directly specified within the directory that is associated with the file name, causing the product to perform file-based operations on a resource that is not a file.
1759 Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,
1760 CWE-662,Improper Synchronization (Type: Base),"The software attempts to use a shared resource in an exclusive manner, but does not prevent or incorrectly prevents use of the resource by another thread or process.
1761 Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,
1762 CWE-663,Use of a Non-reentrant Function in a Concurrent Context (Type: Base),"The software calls a non-reentrant function in a concurrent context in which a competing code sequence (e.g. thread or signal handler) may have an opportunity to call the same function or otherwise influence its state.
1763 Virtual file names are represented like normal file names, but they are effectively aliases for other resources that do not behave like normal files. Depending on their functionality, they could be alternate entities. They are not necessarily listed in directories.",,Unknown,"Java Concurrency API: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/locks/ReentrantLock.html
11771764 Use reentrant functions for safer signal handling: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-reent.html"
1178 CWE-664,Improper Control of a Resource Through its Lifetime (Type: Class),"The software does not maintain or incorrectly maintains control over a resource throughout its lifetime of creation, use, and release.","Resources often have explicit instructions on how to be created, used and destroyed. When software does not follow these instructions, it can lead to unexpected behaviors and potentially exploitable states.
1765 CWE-664,Improper Control of a Resource Through its Lifetime (Type: Class),"The software does not maintain or incorrectly maintains control over a resource throughout its lifetime of creation, use, and release.
1766 Resources often have explicit instructions on how to be created, used and destroyed. When software does not follow these instructions, it can lead to unexpected behaviors and potentially exploitable states.
11791767 Even without explicit instructions, various principles are expected to be adhered to, such as ""Do not use an object until after its creation is complete,"" or ""do not use an object after it has been slated for destruction.""",,Unknown,
1180 CWE-666,Operation on Resource in Wrong Phase of Lifetime (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation on a resource at the wrong phase of the resource's lifecycle, which can lead to unexpected behaviors.","When a developer wants to initialize, use or release a resource, it is important to follow the specifications outlined for how to operate on that resource and to ensure that the resource is in the expected state. In this case, the software wants to perform a normally valid operation, initialization, use or release, on a resource when it is in the incorrect phase of its lifetime.",,Unknown,
1181 CWE-667,Improper Locking (Type: Base),"The software does not properly acquire a lock on a resource, or it does not properly release a lock on a resource, leading to unexpected resource state changes and behaviors.","When a developer wants to initialize, use or release a resource, it is important to follow the specifications outlined for how to operate on that resource and to ensure that the resource is in the expected state. In this case, the software wants to perform a normally valid operation, initialization, use or release, on a resource when it is in the incorrect phase of its lifetime.",,Unknown,
1182 CWE-668,Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere (Type: Class),"The product exposes a resource to the wrong control sphere, providing unintended actors with inappropriate access to the resource.","Resources such as files and directories may be inadvertently exposed through mechanisms such as insecure permissions, or when a program accidentally operates on the wrong object. For example, a program may intend that private files can only be provided to a specific user. This effectively defines a control sphere that is intended to prevent attackers from accessing these private files. If the file permissions are insecure, then parties other than the user will be able to access those files.
1768 CWE-666,Operation on Resource in Wrong Phase of Lifetime (Type: Base),"The software performs an operation on a resource at the wrong phase of the resource's lifecycle, which can lead to unexpected behaviors.
1769 When a developer wants to initialize, use or release a resource, it is important to follow the specifications outlined for how to operate on that resource and to ensure that the resource is in the expected state. In this case, the software wants to perform a normally valid operation, initialization, use or release, on a resource when it is in the incorrect phase of its lifetime.",,Unknown,
1770 CWE-667,Improper Locking (Type: Base),"The software does not properly acquire a lock on a resource, or it does not properly release a lock on a resource, leading to unexpected resource state changes and behaviors.
1771 When a developer wants to initialize, use or release a resource, it is important to follow the specifications outlined for how to operate on that resource and to ensure that the resource is in the expected state. In this case, the software wants to perform a normally valid operation, initialization, use or release, on a resource when it is in the incorrect phase of its lifetime.",,Unknown,
1772 CWE-668,Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere (Type: Class),"The product exposes a resource to the wrong control sphere, providing unintended actors with inappropriate access to the resource.
1773 Resources such as files and directories may be inadvertently exposed through mechanisms such as insecure permissions, or when a program accidentally operates on the wrong object. For example, a program may intend that private files can only be provided to a specific user. This effectively defines a control sphere that is intended to prevent attackers from accessing these private files. If the file permissions are insecure, then parties other than the user will be able to access those files.
11831774 A separate control sphere might effectively require that the user can only access the private files, but not any other files on the system. If the program does not ensure that the user is only requesting private files, then the user might be able to access other files on the system.
11841775 In either case, the end result is that a resource has been exposed to the wrong party.",,Unknown,
1185 CWE-669,Incorrect Resource Transfer Between Spheres (Type: Class),"The product does not properly transfer a resource/behavior to another sphere, or improperly imports a resource/behavior from another sphere, in a manner that provides unintended control over that resource.","Resources such as files and directories may be inadvertently exposed through mechanisms such as insecure permissions, or when a program accidentally operates on the wrong object. For example, a program may intend that private files can only be provided to a specific user. This effectively defines a control sphere that is intended to prevent attackers from accessing these private files. If the file permissions are insecure, then parties other than the user will be able to access those files.
1776 CWE-669,Incorrect Resource Transfer Between Spheres (Type: Class),"The product does not properly transfer a resource/behavior to another sphere, or improperly imports a resource/behavior from another sphere, in a manner that provides unintended control over that resource.
1777 Resources such as files and directories may be inadvertently exposed through mechanisms such as insecure permissions, or when a program accidentally operates on the wrong object. For example, a program may intend that private files can only be provided to a specific user. This effectively defines a control sphere that is intended to prevent attackers from accessing these private files. If the file permissions are insecure, then parties other than the user will be able to access those files.
11861778 A separate control sphere might effectively require that the user can only access the private files, but not any other files on the system. If the program does not ensure that the user is only requesting private files, then the user might be able to access other files on the system.
11871779 In either case, the end result is that a resource has been exposed to the wrong party.",,Unknown,
1188 CWE-670,Always-Incorrect Control Flow Implementation (Type: Class),"The code contains a control flow path that does not reflect the algorithm that the path is intended to implement, leading to incorrect behavior any time this path is navigated.","This weakness captures cases in which a particular code segment is always incorrect with respect to the algorithm that it is implementing. For example, if a C programmer intends to include multiple statements in a single block but does not include the enclosing braces (CWE-483), then the logic is always incorrect. This issue is in contrast to most weaknesses in which the code usually behaves correctly, except when it is externally manipulated in malicious ways.",,Unknown,
1189 CWE-671,Lack of Administrator Control over Security (Type: Class),The product uses security features in a way that prevents the product's administrator from tailoring security settings to reflect the environment in which the product is being used. This introduces resultant weaknesses or prevents it from operating at a level of security that is desired by the administrator.,"If the product's administrator does not have the ability to manage security-related decisions at all times, then protecting the product from outside threats - including the product's developer - can become impossible. For example, a hard-coded account name and password cannot be changed by the administrator, thus exposing that product to attacks that the administrator can not prevent.",,Unknown,
1190 CWE-672,Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release (Type: Base),"The software uses, accesses, or otherwise operates on a resource after that resource has been expired, released, or revoked.","If the product's administrator does not have the ability to manage security-related decisions at all times, then protecting the product from outside threats - including the product's developer - can become impossible. For example, a hard-coded account name and password cannot be changed by the administrator, thus exposing that product to attacks that the administrator can not prevent.",,Unknown,
1191 CWE-673,External Influence of Sphere Definition (Type: Class),The product does not prevent the definition of control spheres from external actors.,"Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1192 CWE-674,Uncontrolled Recursion (Type: Base),"The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, which consumes excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.","Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1193 CWE-675,Duplicate Operations on Resource (Type: Class),"The product performs the same operation on a resource two or more times, when the operation should only be applied once.","Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1194 CWE-683,Function Call With Incorrect Order of Arguments (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies the arguments in an incorrect order, leading to resultant weaknesses.","While this weakness might be caught by the compiler in some languages, it can occur more frequently in cases in which the called function accepts variable numbers or types of arguments, such as format strings in C. It also can occur in languages or environments that do not enforce strong typing.",,Unknown,
1195 CWE-684,Incorrect Provision of Specified Functionality (Type: Base),"The code does not function according to its published specifications, potentially leading to incorrect usage.","When providing functionality to an external party, it is important that the software behaves in accordance with the details specified. When requirements of nuances are not documented, the functionality may produce unintended behaviors for the caller, possibly leading to an exploitable state.",,Unknown,
1196 CWE-685,Function Call With Incorrect Number of Arguments (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies too many arguments, or too few arguments, which may lead to undefined behavior and resultant weaknesses.","When providing functionality to an external party, it is important that the software behaves in accordance with the details specified. When requirements of nuances are not documented, the functionality may produce unintended behaviors for the caller, possibly leading to an exploitable state.",,Unknown,
1197 CWE-686,Function Call With Incorrect Argument Type (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies an argument that is the wrong data type, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.","This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1198 CWE-687,Function Call With Incorrectly Specified Argument Value (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies an argument that contains the wrong value, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.","This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1199 CWE-688,Function Call With Incorrect Variable or Reference as Argument (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies the wrong variable or reference as one of the arguments, which may lead to undefined behavior and resultant weaknesses.","This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1200 CWE-69,Improper Handling of Windows ::DATA Alternate Data Stream (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly prevent access to, or detect usage of, alternate data streams (ADS).","An attacker can use an ADS to hide information about a file (e.g. size, the name of the process) from a system or file browser tools such as Windows Explorer and 'dir' at the command line utility. Alternately, the attacker might be able to bypass intended access restrictions for the associated data fork.",,Unknown,"Windows NTFS Alternate Data Streams: http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1822
1780 CWE-670,Always-Incorrect Control Flow Implementation (Type: Class),"The code contains a control flow path that does not reflect the algorithm that the path is intended to implement, leading to incorrect behavior any time this path is navigated.
1781 This weakness captures cases in which a particular code segment is always incorrect with respect to the algorithm that it is implementing. For example, if a C programmer intends to include multiple statements in a single block but does not include the enclosing braces (CWE-483), then the logic is always incorrect. This issue is in contrast to most weaknesses in which the code usually behaves correctly, except when it is externally manipulated in malicious ways.",,Unknown,
1782 CWE-671,Lack of Administrator Control over Security (Type: Class),"The product uses security features in a way that prevents the product's administrator from tailoring security settings to reflect the environment in which the product is being used. This introduces resultant weaknesses or prevents it from operating at a level of security that is desired by the administrator.
1783 If the product's administrator does not have the ability to manage security-related decisions at all times, then protecting the product from outside threats - including the product's developer - can become impossible. For example, a hard-coded account name and password cannot be changed by the administrator, thus exposing that product to attacks that the administrator can not prevent.",,Unknown,
1784 CWE-672,Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release (Type: Base),"The software uses, accesses, or otherwise operates on a resource after that resource has been expired, released, or revoked.
1785 If the product's administrator does not have the ability to manage security-related decisions at all times, then protecting the product from outside threats - including the product's developer - can become impossible. For example, a hard-coded account name and password cannot be changed by the administrator, thus exposing that product to attacks that the administrator can not prevent.",,Unknown,
1786 CWE-673,External Influence of Sphere Definition (Type: Class),"The product does not prevent the definition of control spheres from external actors.
1787 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1788 CWE-674,Uncontrolled Recursion (Type: Base),"The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, which consumes excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.
1789 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1790 CWE-675,Duplicate Operations on Resource (Type: Class),"The product performs the same operation on a resource two or more times, when the operation should only be applied once.
1791 Typically, a product defines its control sphere within the code itself, or through configuration by the product's administrator. In some cases, an external party can change the definition of the control sphere. This is typically a resultant weakness.",,Unknown,
1792 CWE-683,Function Call With Incorrect Order of Arguments (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies the arguments in an incorrect order, leading to resultant weaknesses.
1793 While this weakness might be caught by the compiler in some languages, it can occur more frequently in cases in which the called function accepts variable numbers or types of arguments, such as format strings in C. It also can occur in languages or environments that do not enforce strong typing.",,Unknown,
1794 CWE-684,Incorrect Provision of Specified Functionality (Type: Base),"The code does not function according to its published specifications, potentially leading to incorrect usage.
1795 When providing functionality to an external party, it is important that the software behaves in accordance with the details specified. When requirements of nuances are not documented, the functionality may produce unintended behaviors for the caller, possibly leading to an exploitable state.",,Unknown,
1796 CWE-685,Function Call With Incorrect Number of Arguments (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies too many arguments, or too few arguments, which may lead to undefined behavior and resultant weaknesses.
1797 When providing functionality to an external party, it is important that the software behaves in accordance with the details specified. When requirements of nuances are not documented, the functionality may produce unintended behaviors for the caller, possibly leading to an exploitable state.",,Unknown,
1798 CWE-686,Function Call With Incorrect Argument Type (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies an argument that is the wrong data type, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.
1799 This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1800 CWE-687,Function Call With Incorrectly Specified Argument Value (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies an argument that contains the wrong value, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.
1801 This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1802 CWE-688,Function Call With Incorrect Variable or Reference as Argument (Type: Variant),"The software calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies the wrong variable or reference as one of the arguments, which may lead to undefined behavior and resultant weaknesses.
1803 This weakness is most likely to occur in loosely typed languages, or in strongly typed languages in which the types of variable arguments cannot be enforced at compilation time, or where there is implicit casting.",,Unknown,
1804 CWE-69,Improper Handling of Windows ::DATA Alternate Data Stream (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly prevent access to, or detect usage of, alternate data streams (ADS).
1805 An attacker can use an ADS to hide information about a file (e.g. size, the name of the process) from a system or file browser tools such as Windows Explorer and 'dir' at the command line utility. Alternately, the attacker might be able to bypass intended access restrictions for the associated data fork.",,Unknown,"Windows NTFS Alternate Data Streams: http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1822
12011806 Writing Secure Code"
1202 CWE-691,Insufficient Control Flow Management (Type: Class),"The code does not sufficiently manage its control flow during execution, creating conditions in which the control flow can be modified in unexpected ways.","An attacker can use an ADS to hide information about a file (e.g. size, the name of the process) from a system or file browser tools such as Windows Explorer and 'dir' at the command line utility. Alternately, the attacker might be able to bypass intended access restrictions for the associated data fork.",,Unknown,
1203 CWE-693,Protection Mechanism Failure (Type: Class),The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.,"This weakness covers three distinct situations. A ""missing"" protection mechanism occurs when the application does not define any mechanism against a certain class of attack. An ""insufficient"" protection mechanism might provide some defenses - for example, against the most common attacks - but it does not protect against everything that is intended. Finally, an ""ignored"" mechanism occurs when a mechanism is available and in active use within the product, but the developer has not applied it in some code path.",,Unknown,
1204 CWE-694,Use of Multiple Resources with Duplicate Identifier (Type: Base),"The software uses multiple resources that can have the same identifier, in a context in which unique identifiers are required.","If the software assumes that each resource has a unique identifier, the software could operate on the wrong resource if attackers can cause multiple resources to be associated with the same identifier.",,Unknown,
1205 CWE-695,Use of Low-Level Functionality (Type: Base),The software uses low-level functionality that is explicitly prohibited by the framework or specification under which the software is supposed to operate.,"The use of low-level functionality can violate the specification in unexpected ways that effectively disable built-in protection mechanisms, introduce exploitable inconsistencies, or otherwise expose the functionality to attack.",,Unknown,
1206 CWE-696,Incorrect Behavior Order (Type: Class),"The software performs multiple related behaviors, but the behaviors are performed in the wrong order in ways which may produce resultant weaknesses.","The use of low-level functionality can violate the specification in unexpected ways that effectively disable built-in protection mechanisms, introduce exploitable inconsistencies, or otherwise expose the functionality to attack.",,Unknown,
1207 CWE-697,Insufficient Comparison (Type: Class),"The software compares two entities in a security-relevant context, but the comparison is insufficient, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.","This weakness class covers several possibilities:
1807 CWE-691,Insufficient Control Flow Management (Type: Class),"The code does not sufficiently manage its control flow during execution, creating conditions in which the control flow can be modified in unexpected ways.
1808 An attacker can use an ADS to hide information about a file (e.g. size, the name of the process) from a system or file browser tools such as Windows Explorer and 'dir' at the command line utility. Alternately, the attacker might be able to bypass intended access restrictions for the associated data fork.",,Unknown,
1809 CWE-693,Protection Mechanism Failure (Type: Class),"The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
1810 This weakness covers three distinct situations. A ""missing"" protection mechanism occurs when the application does not define any mechanism against a certain class of attack. An ""insufficient"" protection mechanism might provide some defenses - for example, against the most common attacks - but it does not protect against everything that is intended. Finally, an ""ignored"" mechanism occurs when a mechanism is available and in active use within the product, but the developer has not applied it in some code path.",,Unknown,
1811 CWE-694,Use of Multiple Resources with Duplicate Identifier (Type: Base),"The software uses multiple resources that can have the same identifier, in a context in which unique identifiers are required.
1812 If the software assumes that each resource has a unique identifier, the software could operate on the wrong resource if attackers can cause multiple resources to be associated with the same identifier.",,Unknown,
1813 CWE-695,Use of Low-Level Functionality (Type: Base),"The software uses low-level functionality that is explicitly prohibited by the framework or specification under which the software is supposed to operate.
1814 The use of low-level functionality can violate the specification in unexpected ways that effectively disable built-in protection mechanisms, introduce exploitable inconsistencies, or otherwise expose the functionality to attack.",,Unknown,
1815 CWE-696,Incorrect Behavior Order (Type: Class),"The software performs multiple related behaviors, but the behaviors are performed in the wrong order in ways which may produce resultant weaknesses.
1816 The use of low-level functionality can violate the specification in unexpected ways that effectively disable built-in protection mechanisms, introduce exploitable inconsistencies, or otherwise expose the functionality to attack.",,Unknown,
1817 CWE-697,Insufficient Comparison (Type: Class),"The software compares two entities in a security-relevant context, but the comparison is insufficient, which may lead to resultant weaknesses.
1818 This weakness class covers several possibilities:
12081819 the comparison checks one factor incorrectly;
12091820 the comparison should consider multiple factors, but it does not check some of those factors at all.",,Unknown,
1210 CWE-698,Execution After Redirect (EAR) (Type: Base),"The web application sends a redirect to another location, but instead of exiting, it executes additional code.","This weakness class covers several possibilities:
1821 CWE-698,Execution After Redirect (EAR) (Type: Base),"The web application sends a redirect to another location, but instead of exiting, it executes additional code.
1822 This weakness class covers several possibilities:
12111823 the comparison checks one factor incorrectly;
12121824 the comparison should consider multiple factors, but it does not check some of those factors at all.",,Unknown,Fear the EAR: Discovering and Mitigating Execution After Redirect Vulnerabilities: http://cs.ucsb.edu/~bboe/public/pubs/fear-the-ear-ccs2011.pdf
1213 CWE-7,J2EE Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Variant),The default error page of a web application should not display sensitive information about the software system.,"A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,19 Deadly Sins of Software Security
1214 CWE-703,Improper Check or Handling of Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),The software does not properly anticipate or handle exceptional conditions that rarely occur during normal operation of the software.,"A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,"A Taxonomy of Security Faults in the UNIX Operating System: http://ftp.cerias.purdue.edu/pub/papers/taimur-aslam/aslam-taxonomy-msthesis.pdf
1825 CWE-7,J2EE Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Variant),"The default error page of a web application should not display sensitive information about the software system.
1826 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,19 Deadly Sins of Software Security
1827 CWE-703,Improper Check or Handling of Exceptional Conditions (Type: Class),"The software does not properly anticipate or handle exceptional conditions that rarely occur during normal operation of the software.
1828 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,"A Taxonomy of Security Faults in the UNIX Operating System: http://ftp.cerias.purdue.edu/pub/papers/taimur-aslam/aslam-taxonomy-msthesis.pdf
12151829 Use of A Taxonomy of Security Faults: http://csrc.nist.gov/nissc/1996/papers/NISSC96/paper057/PAPER.PDF
12161830 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 8: C++ Catastrophes."" Page 143"
1217 CWE-704,Incorrect Type Conversion or Cast (Type: Class),"The software does not correctly convert an object, resource or structure from one type to a different type.","A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1218 CWE-705,Incorrect Control Flow Scoping (Type: Class),The software does not properly return control flow to the proper location after it has completed a task or detected an unusual condition.,"A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1219 CWE-706,Use of Incorrectly-Resolved Name or Reference (Type: Class),"The software uses a name or reference to access a resource, but the name/reference resolves to a resource that is outside of the intended control sphere.","A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1220 CWE-707,Improper Enforcement of Message or Data Structure (Type: Class),The software does not enforce or incorrectly enforces that structured messages or data are well-formed before being read from an upstream component or sent to a downstream component.,"If a message is malformed it may cause the message to be incorrectly interpreted.
1831 CWE-704,Incorrect Type Conversion or Cast (Type: Class),"The software does not correctly convert an object, resource or structure from one type to a different type.
1832 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1833 CWE-705,Incorrect Control Flow Scoping (Type: Class),"The software does not properly return control flow to the proper location after it has completed a task or detected an unusual condition.
1834 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1835 CWE-706,Use of Incorrectly-Resolved Name or Reference (Type: Class),"The software uses a name or reference to access a resource, but the name/reference resolves to a resource that is outside of the intended control sphere.
1836 A Web application must define a default error page for 4xx errors (e.g. 404), 5xx (e.g. 500) errors and catch java.lang.Throwable exceptions to prevent attackers from mining information from the application container's built-in error response.",,Unknown,
1837 CWE-707,Improper Enforcement of Message or Data Structure (Type: Class),"The software does not enforce or incorrectly enforces that structured messages or data are well-formed before being read from an upstream component or sent to a downstream component.
1838 If a message is malformed it may cause the message to be incorrectly interpreted.
12211839 This weakness typically applies in cases where the product prepares a control message that another process must act on, such as a command or query, and malicious input that was intended as data, can enter the control plane instead. However, this weakness also applies to more general cases where there are not always control implications.",,Unknown,
1222 CWE-708,Incorrect Ownership Assignment (Type: Base),"The software assigns an owner to a resource, but the owner is outside of the intended control sphere.",This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.,,Unknown,
1223 CWE-71,Apple .DS_Store (Type: Variant),"Software operating in a MAC OS environment, where .DS_Store is in effect, must carefully manage hard links, otherwise an attacker may be able to leverage a hard link from .DS_Store to overwrite arbitrary files and gain privileges.",This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.,,Unknown,
1224 CWE-710,Coding Standards Violation (Type: Class),"The software does not follow certain coding rules for development, which can lead to resultant weaknesses or increase the severity of the associated vulnerabilities.",This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.,,Unknown,
1225 CWE-72,Improper Handling of Apple HFS+ Alternate Data Stream Path (Type: Variant),The software does not properly handle special paths that may identify the data or resource fork of a file on the HFS+ file system.,"If the software chooses actions to take based on the file name, then if an attacker provides the data or resource fork, the software may take unexpected actions. Further, if the software intends to restrict access to a file, then an attacker might still be able to bypass intended access restrictions by requesting the data or resource fork for that file.",,Unknown,No description: http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=300422
1226 CWE-733,Compiler Optimization Removal or Modification of Security-critical Code (Type: Base),The developer builds a security-critical protection mechanism into the software but the compiler optimizes the program such that the mechanism is removed or modified.,"When a resource is given a permissions setting that provides access to a wider range of actors than required, it could lead to the exposure of sensitive information, or the modification of that resource by unintended parties. This is especially dangerous when the resource is related to program configuration, execution or sensitive user data.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""A Compiler Optimization Caveat"" Page 322"
1227 CWE-75,Failure to Sanitize Special Elements into a Different Plane (Special Element Injection) (Type: Class),The software does not adequately filter user-controlled input for special elements with control implications.,"This weakness can lead to a wide variety of resultant weaknesses, depending on the behavior of the exposed method. It can apply to any number of technologies and approaches, such as ActiveX controls, Java functions, IOCTLs, and so on.
1840 CWE-708,Incorrect Ownership Assignment (Type: Base),"The software assigns an owner to a resource, but the owner is outside of the intended control sphere.
1841 This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.",,Unknown,
1842 CWE-71,Apple .DS_Store (Type: Variant),"Software operating in a MAC OS environment, where .DS_Store is in effect, must carefully manage hard links, otherwise an attacker may be able to leverage a hard link from .DS_Store to overwrite arbitrary files and gain privileges.
1843 This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.",,Unknown,
1844 CWE-710,Coding Standards Violation (Type: Class),"The software does not follow certain coding rules for development, which can lead to resultant weaknesses or increase the severity of the associated vulnerabilities.
1845 This may allow the resource to be manipulated by actors outside of the intended control sphere.",,Unknown,
1846 CWE-72,Improper Handling of Apple HFS+ Alternate Data Stream Path (Type: Variant),"The software does not properly handle special paths that may identify the data or resource fork of a file on the HFS+ file system.
1847 If the software chooses actions to take based on the file name, then if an attacker provides the data or resource fork, the software may take unexpected actions. Further, if the software intends to restrict access to a file, then an attacker might still be able to bypass intended access restrictions by requesting the data or resource fork for that file.",,Unknown,No description: http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=300422
1848 CWE-733,Compiler Optimization Removal or Modification of Security-critical Code (Type: Base),"The developer builds a security-critical protection mechanism into the software but the compiler optimizes the program such that the mechanism is removed or modified.
1849 When a resource is given a permissions setting that provides access to a wider range of actors than required, it could lead to the exposure of sensitive information, or the modification of that resource by unintended parties. This is especially dangerous when the resource is related to program configuration, execution or sensitive user data.",,Unknown,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 9, ""A Compiler Optimization Caveat"" Page 322"
1850 CWE-75,Failure to Sanitize Special Elements into a Different Plane (Special Element Injection) (Type: Class),"The software does not adequately filter user-controlled input for special elements with control implications.
1851 This weakness can lead to a wide variety of resultant weaknesses, depending on the behavior of the exposed method. It can apply to any number of technologies and approaches, such as ActiveX controls, Java functions, IOCTLs, and so on.
12281852 The exposure can occur in a few different ways:
12291853 1) The function/method was never intended to be exposed to outside actors.
12301854 2) The function/method was only intended to be accessible to a limited set of actors, such as Internet-based access from a single web site.",,Unknown,
1231 CWE-756,Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Class),"The software does not return custom error pages to the user, possibly exposing sensitive information.","The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
1855 CWE-756,Missing Custom Error Page (Type: Class),"The software does not return custom error pages to the user, possibly exposing sensitive information.
1856 The programmer may assume that certain events or conditions will never occur or do not need to be worried about, such as low memory conditions, lack of access to resources due to restrictive permissions, or misbehaving clients or components. However, attackers may intentionally trigger these unusual conditions, thus violating the programmer's assumptions, possibly introducing instability, incorrect behavior, or a vulnerability.
12321857 Note that this entry is not exclusively about the use of exceptions and exception handling, which are mechanisms for both checking and handling unusual or unexpected conditions.",,Unknown,
1233 CWE-757,Selection of Less-Secure Algorithm During Negotiation (Algorithm Downgrade) (Type: Class),"A protocol or its implementation supports interaction between multiple actors and allows those actors to negotiate which algorithm should be used as a protection mechanism such as encryption or authentication, but it does not select the strongest algorithm that is available to both parties.","When a security mechanism can be forced to downgrade to use a less secure algorithm, this can make it easier for attackers to compromise the software by exploiting weaker algorithm. The victim might not be aware that the less secure algorithm is being used. For example, if an attacker can force a communications channel to use cleartext instead of strongly-encrypted data, then the attacker could read the channel by sniffing, instead of going through extra effort of trying to decrypt the data using brute force techniques.",,Unknown,
1234 CWE-758,"Reliance on Undefined, Unspecified, or Implementation-Defined Behavior (Type: Class)","The software uses an API function, data structure, or other entity in a way that relies on properties that are not always guaranteed to hold for that entity.","This can lead to resultant weaknesses when the required properties change, such as when the software is ported to a different platform or if an interaction error (CWE-435) occurs.",,Unknown,
1235 CWE-759,Use of a One-Way Hash without a Salt (Type: Base),"The software uses a one-way cryptographic hash against an input that should not be reversible, such as a password, but the software does not also use a salt as part of the input.","This makes it easier for attackers to pre-compute the hash value using dictionary attack techniques such as rainbow tables.
1858 CWE-757,Selection of Less-Secure Algorithm During Negotiation (Algorithm Downgrade) (Type: Class),"A protocol or its implementation supports interaction between multiple actors and allows those actors to negotiate which algorithm should be used as a protection mechanism such as encryption or authentication, but it does not select the strongest algorithm that is available to both parties.
1859 When a security mechanism can be forced to downgrade to use a less secure algorithm, this can make it easier for attackers to compromise the software by exploiting weaker algorithm. The victim might not be aware that the less secure algorithm is being used. For example, if an attacker can force a communications channel to use cleartext instead of strongly-encrypted data, then the attacker could read the channel by sniffing, instead of going through extra effort of trying to decrypt the data using brute force techniques.",,Unknown,
1860 CWE-758,"Reliance on Undefined, Unspecified, or Implementation-Defined Behavior (Type: Class)","The software uses an API function, data structure, or other entity in a way that relies on properties that are not always guaranteed to hold for that entity.
1861 This can lead to resultant weaknesses when the required properties change, such as when the software is ported to a different platform or if an interaction error (CWE-435) occurs.",,Unknown,
1862 CWE-759,Use of a One-Way Hash without a Salt (Type: Base),"The software uses a one-way cryptographic hash against an input that should not be reversible, such as a password, but the software does not also use a salt as part of the input.
1863 This makes it easier for attackers to pre-compute the hash value using dictionary attack techniques such as rainbow tables.
12361864 It should be noted that, despite common perceptions, the use of a good salt with a hash does not sufficiently increase the effort for an attacker who is targeting an individual password, or who has a large amount of computing resources available, such as with cloud-based services or specialized, inexpensive hardware. Offline password cracking can still be effective if the hash function is not expensive to compute; many cryptographic functions are designed to be efficient and can be vulnerable to attacks using massive computing resources, even if the hash is cryptographically strong. The use of a salt only slightly increases the computing requirements for an attacker compared to other strategies such as adaptive hash functions. See CWE-916 for more details.",,Unknown,"bcrypt: http://bcrypt.sourceforge.net/
12371865 Tarsnap - The scrypt key derivation function and encryption utility: http://www.tarsnap.com/scrypt.html
12381866 RFC2898 - PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2898
12501878 How To Safely Store A Password: http://codahale.com/how-to-safely-store-a-password/
12511879 Our password hashing has no clothes: http://www.troyhunt.com/2012/06/our-password-hashing-has-no-clothes.html
12521880 Should we really use bcrypt/scrypt?: http://www.analyticalengine.net/2012/06/should-we-really-use-bcryptscrypt/"
1253 CWE-760,Use of a One-Way Hash with a Predictable Salt (Type: Base),"The software uses a one-way cryptographic hash against an input that should not be reversible, such as a password, but the software uses a predictable salt as part of the input.","This makes it easier for attackers to pre-compute the hash value using dictionary attack techniques such as rainbow tables, effectively disabling the protection that an unpredictable salt would provide.
1881 CWE-760,Use of a One-Way Hash with a Predictable Salt (Type: Base),"The software uses a one-way cryptographic hash against an input that should not be reversible, such as a password, but the software uses a predictable salt as part of the input.
1882 This makes it easier for attackers to pre-compute the hash value using dictionary attack techniques such as rainbow tables, effectively disabling the protection that an unpredictable salt would provide.
12541883 It should be noted that, despite common perceptions, the use of a good salt with a hash does not sufficiently increase the effort for an attacker who is targeting an individual password, or who has a large amount of computing resources available, such as with cloud-based services or specialized, inexpensive hardware. Offline password cracking can still be effective if the hash function is not expensive to compute; many cryptographic functions are designed to be efficient and can be vulnerable to attacks using massive computing resources, even if the hash is cryptographically strong. The use of a salt only slightly increases the computing requirements for an attacker compared to other strategies such as adaptive hash functions. See CWE-916 for more details.",,Unknown,"bcrypt: http://bcrypt.sourceforge.net/
12551884 Tarsnap - The scrypt key derivation function and encryption utility: http://www.tarsnap.com/scrypt.html
12561885 RFC2898 - PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2898
12681897 How To Safely Store A Password: http://codahale.com/how-to-safely-store-a-password/
12691898 Our password hashing has no clothes: http://www.troyhunt.com/2012/06/our-password-hashing-has-no-clothes.html
12701899 Should we really use bcrypt/scrypt?: http://www.analyticalengine.net/2012/06/should-we-really-use-bcryptscrypt/"
1271 CWE-761,Free of Pointer not at Start of Buffer (Type: Variant),"The application calls free() on a pointer to a memory resource that was allocated on the heap, but the pointer is not at the start of the buffer.","This can cause the application to crash, or in some cases, modify critical program variables or execute code.
1900 CWE-761,Free of Pointer not at Start of Buffer (Type: Variant),"The application calls free() on a pointer to a memory resource that was allocated on the heap, but the pointer is not at the start of the buffer.
1901 This can cause the application to crash, or in some cases, modify critical program variables or execute code.
12721902 This weakness often occurs when the memory is allocated explicitly on the heap with one of the malloc() family functions and free() is called, but pointer arithmetic has caused the pointer to be in the interior or end of the buffer.",,Unknown,"boost C++ Library Smart Pointers: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_38_0/libs/smart_ptr/smart_ptr.htm
12731903 Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/"
1274 CWE-763,Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference (Type: Base),"The application attempts to return a memory resource to the system, but calls the wrong release function or calls the appropriate release function incorrectly.","This weakness can take several forms, such as:
1904 CWE-763,Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference (Type: Base),"The application attempts to return a memory resource to the system, but calls the wrong release function or calls the appropriate release function incorrectly.
1905 This weakness can take several forms, such as:
12751906 The memory was allocated, explicitly or implicitly, via one memory management method and deallocated using a different, non-compatible function (CWE-762).
12761907 The function calls or memory management routines chosen are appropriate, however they are used incorrectly, such as in CWE-761.",,Unknown,"boost C++ Library Smart Pointers: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_38_0/libs/smart_ptr/smart_ptr.htm
12771908 Valgrind: http://valgrind.org/"
1278 CWE-764,Multiple Locks of a Critical Resource (Type: Variant),"The software locks a critical resource more times than intended, leading to an unexpected state in the system.","When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly locks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra locking calls will reduce the size of the total available pool, possibly leading to degraded performance or a denial of service. If this can be triggered by an attacker, it will be similar to an unrestricted lock (CWE-412). In the context of a binary lock, it is likely that any duplicate locking attempts will never succeed since the lock is already held and progress may not be possible.",,Unknown,
1279 CWE-765,Multiple Unlocks of a Critical Resource (Type: Variant),"The software unlocks a critical resource more times than intended, leading to an unexpected state in the system.","When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly unlocks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra calls to unlock will increase the count for the number of available resources, likely resulting in a crash or unpredictable behavior when the system nears capacity.",,Unknown,
1280 CWE-785,Use of Path Manipulation Function without Maximum-sized Buffer (Type: Variant),"The software invokes a function for normalizing paths or file names, but it provides an output buffer that is smaller than the maximum possible size, such as PATH_MAX.","Passing an inadequately-sized output buffer to a path manipulation function can result in a buffer overflow. Such functions include realpath(), readlink(), PathAppend(), and others.",,Unknown,
1281 CWE-786,Access of Memory Location Before Start of Buffer (Type: Base),The software reads or writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location prior to the beginning of the buffer.,"This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used.",,Unknown,
1282 CWE-787,Out-of-bounds Write (Type: Base),"The software writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.","This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented or decremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in corruption of sensitive information, a crash, or code execution among other things.",,Unknown,
1283 CWE-788,Access of Memory Location After End of Buffer (Type: Base),The software reads or writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location after the end of the buffer.,"This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. These problems may be resultant from missing sentinel values (CWE-463) or trusting a user-influenced input length variable.",,Unknown,
1284 CWE-790,Improper Filtering of Special Elements (Type: Class),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not filter or incorrectly filters special elements before sending it to a downstream component.","Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
1909 CWE-764,Multiple Locks of a Critical Resource (Type: Variant),"The software locks a critical resource more times than intended, leading to an unexpected state in the system.
1910 When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly locks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra locking calls will reduce the size of the total available pool, possibly leading to degraded performance or a denial of service. If this can be triggered by an attacker, it will be similar to an unrestricted lock (CWE-412). In the context of a binary lock, it is likely that any duplicate locking attempts will never succeed since the lock is already held and progress may not be possible.",,Unknown,
1911 CWE-765,Multiple Unlocks of a Critical Resource (Type: Variant),"The software unlocks a critical resource more times than intended, leading to an unexpected state in the system.
1912 When software is operating in a concurrent environment and repeatedly unlocks a critical resource, the consequences will vary based on the type of lock, the lock's implementation, and the resource being protected. In some situations such as with semaphores, the resources are pooled and extra calls to unlock will increase the count for the number of available resources, likely resulting in a crash or unpredictable behavior when the system nears capacity.",,Unknown,
1913 CWE-785,Use of Path Manipulation Function without Maximum-sized Buffer (Type: Variant),"The software invokes a function for normalizing paths or file names, but it provides an output buffer that is smaller than the maximum possible size, such as PATH_MAX.
1914 Passing an inadequately-sized output buffer to a path manipulation function can result in a buffer overflow. Such functions include realpath(), readlink(), PathAppend(), and others.",,Unknown,
1915 CWE-786,Access of Memory Location Before Start of Buffer (Type: Base),"The software reads or writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location prior to the beginning of the buffer.
1916 This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used.",,Unknown,
1917 CWE-787,Out-of-bounds Write (Type: Base),"The software writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
1918 This typically occurs when the pointer or its index is incremented or decremented to a position beyond the bounds of the buffer or when pointer arithmetic results in a position outside of the valid memory location to name a few. This may result in corruption of sensitive information, a crash, or code execution among other things.",,Unknown,
1919 CWE-788,Access of Memory Location After End of Buffer (Type: Base),"The software reads or writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location after the end of the buffer.
1920 This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used. These problems may be resultant from missing sentinel values (CWE-463) or trusting a user-influenced input length variable.",,Unknown,
1921 CWE-790,Improper Filtering of Special Elements (Type: Class),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not filter or incorrectly filters special elements before sending it to a downstream component.
1922 Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
12851923 1. Untrusted data enters a web application, typically from a web request.
12861924 2. The web application dynamically generates a web page that contains this untrusted data.
12871925 3. During page generation, the application does not prevent the data from containing content that is executable by a web browser, such as JavaScript, HTML tags, HTML attributes, mouse events, Flash, ActiveX, etc.
12941932 In DOM-based XSS, the client performs the injection of XSS into the page; in the other types, the server performs the injection. DOM-based XSS generally involves server-controlled, trusted script that is sent to the client, such as Javascript that performs sanity checks on a form before the user submits it. If the server-supplied script processes user-supplied data and then injects it back into the web page (such as with dynamic HTML), then DOM-based XSS is possible.
12951933 Once the malicious script is injected, the attacker can perform a variety of malicious activities. The attacker could transfer private information, such as cookies that may include session information, from the victim's machine to the attacker. The attacker could send malicious requests to a web site on behalf of the victim, which could be especially dangerous to the site if the victim has administrator privileges to manage that site. Phishing attacks could be used to emulate trusted web sites and trick the victim into entering a password, allowing the attacker to compromise the victim's account on that web site. Finally, the script could exploit a vulnerability in the web browser itself possibly taking over the victim's machine, sometimes referred to as ""drive-by hacking.""
12961934 In many cases, the attack can be launched without the victim even being aware of it. Even with careful users, attackers frequently use a variety of methods to encode the malicious portion of the attack, such as URL encoding or Unicode, so the request looks less suspicious.",,Unknown,
1297 CWE-791,Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter special elements before sending it to a downstream component.","Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
1935 CWE-791,Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter special elements before sending it to a downstream component.
1936 Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
12981937 1. Untrusted data enters a web application, typically from a web request.
12991938 2. The web application dynamically generates a web page that contains this untrusted data.
13001939 3. During page generation, the application does not prevent the data from containing content that is executable by a web browser, such as JavaScript, HTML tags, HTML attributes, mouse events, Flash, ActiveX, etc.
13071946 In DOM-based XSS, the client performs the injection of XSS into the page; in the other types, the server performs the injection. DOM-based XSS generally involves server-controlled, trusted script that is sent to the client, such as Javascript that performs sanity checks on a form before the user submits it. If the server-supplied script processes user-supplied data and then injects it back into the web page (such as with dynamic HTML), then DOM-based XSS is possible.
13081947 Once the malicious script is injected, the attacker can perform a variety of malicious activities. The attacker could transfer private information, such as cookies that may include session information, from the victim's machine to the attacker. The attacker could send malicious requests to a web site on behalf of the victim, which could be especially dangerous to the site if the victim has administrator privileges to manage that site. Phishing attacks could be used to emulate trusted web sites and trick the victim into entering a password, allowing the attacker to compromise the victim's account on that web site. Finally, the script could exploit a vulnerability in the web browser itself possibly taking over the victim's machine, sometimes referred to as ""drive-by hacking.""
13091948 In many cases, the attack can be launched without the victim even being aware of it. Even with careful users, attackers frequently use a variety of methods to encode the malicious portion of the attack, such as URL encoding or Unicode, so the request looks less suspicious.",,Unknown,
1310 CWE-792,Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter one or more instances of special elements before sending it to a downstream component.","Incomplete filtering of this nature involves either
1949 CWE-792,Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter one or more instances of special elements before sending it to a downstream component.
1950 Incomplete filtering of this nature involves either
13111951 only filtering a single instance of a special element when more exist, or
13121952 not filtering all instances or all elements where multiple special elements exist.",,Unknown,
1313 CWE-793,Only Filtering One Instance of a Special Element (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only filters a single instance of a special element before sending it to a downstream component.","Incomplete filtering of this nature may be location-dependent, as in only the first or last element is filtered.",,Unknown,
1314 CWE-794,Incomplete Filtering of Multiple Instances of Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not filter all instances of a special element before sending it to a downstream component.","Incomplete filtering of this nature may be applied to
1953 CWE-793,Only Filtering One Instance of a Special Element (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only filters a single instance of a special element before sending it to a downstream component.
1954 Incomplete filtering of this nature may be location-dependent, as in only the first or last element is filtered.",,Unknown,
1955 CWE-794,Incomplete Filtering of Multiple Instances of Special Elements (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but does not filter all instances of a special element before sending it to a downstream component.
1956 Incomplete filtering of this nature may be applied to
13151957 sequential elements (special elements that appear next to each other) or
13161958 non-sequential elements (special elements that appear multiple times in different locations).",,Unknown,
1317 CWE-795,Only Filtering Special Elements at a Specified Location (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements at a specified location, thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.","A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
1959 CWE-795,Only Filtering Special Elements at a Specified Location (Type: Base),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements at a specified location, thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.
1960 A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
13181961 relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of string; the second argument""), or
13191962 at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10"").
13201963 This may leave special elements in the data that did not match the filter position, but still may be dangerous.",,Unknown,
1321 CWE-796,Only Filtering Special Elements Relative to a Marker (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements positioned relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of a string; the second argument""), thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.","A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
1964 CWE-796,Only Filtering Special Elements Relative to a Marker (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements positioned relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of a string; the second argument""), thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.
1965 A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
13221966 relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of string; the second argument""), or
13231967 at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10"").
13241968 This may leave special elements in the data that did not match the filter position, but still may be dangerous.",,Unknown,
1325 CWE-797,Only Filtering Special Elements at an Absolute Position (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10""), thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.","A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
1969 CWE-797,Only Filtering Special Elements at an Absolute Position (Type: Variant),"The software receives data from an upstream component, but only accounts for special elements at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10""), thereby missing remaining special elements that may exist before sending it to a downstream component.
1970 A filter might only account for instances of special elements when they occur:
13261971 relative to a marker (e.g. ""at the beginning/end of string; the second argument""), or
13271972 at an absolute position (e.g. ""byte number 10"").
13281973 This may leave special elements in the data that did not match the filter position, but still may be dangerous.",,Unknown,
1329 CWE-799,Improper Control of Interaction Frequency (Type: Class),"The software does not properly limit the number or frequency of interactions that it has with an actor, such as the number of incoming requests.","This can allow the actor to perform actions more frequently than expected. The actor could be a human or an automated process such as a virus or bot. This could be used to cause a denial of service, compromise program logic (such as limiting humans to a single vote), or other consequences. For example, an authentication routine might not limit the number of times an attacker can guess a password. Or, a web site might conduct a poll but only expect humans to vote a maximum of once a day.",,Unknown,Insufficient Anti-automation: http://projects.webappsec.org/Insufficient+Anti-automation
1330 CWE-8,J2EE Misconfiguration: Entity Bean Declared Remote (Type: Variant),"When an application exposes a remote interface for an entity bean, it might also expose methods that get or set the bean's data. These methods could be leveraged to read sensitive information, or to change data in ways that violate the application's expectations, potentially leading to other vulnerabilities.","This can allow the actor to perform actions more frequently than expected. The actor could be a human or an automated process such as a virus or bot. This could be used to cause a denial of service, compromise program logic (such as limiting humans to a single vote), or other consequences. For example, an authentication routine might not limit the number of times an attacker can guess a password. Or, a web site might conduct a poll but only expect humans to vote a maximum of once a day.",,Unknown,
1331 CWE-81,Improper Neutralization of Script in an Error Message Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to an error page.","Error pages may include customized 403 Forbidden or 404 Not Found pages.
1974 CWE-799,Improper Control of Interaction Frequency (Type: Class),"The software does not properly limit the number or frequency of interactions that it has with an actor, such as the number of incoming requests.
1975 This can allow the actor to perform actions more frequently than expected. The actor could be a human or an automated process such as a virus or bot. This could be used to cause a denial of service, compromise program logic (such as limiting humans to a single vote), or other consequences. For example, an authentication routine might not limit the number of times an attacker can guess a password. Or, a web site might conduct a poll but only expect humans to vote a maximum of once a day.",,Unknown,Insufficient Anti-automation: http://projects.webappsec.org/Insufficient+Anti-automation
1976 CWE-8,J2EE Misconfiguration: Entity Bean Declared Remote (Type: Variant),"When an application exposes a remote interface for an entity bean, it might also expose methods that get or set the bean's data. These methods could be leveraged to read sensitive information, or to change data in ways that violate the application's expectations, potentially leading to other vulnerabilities.
1977 This can allow the actor to perform actions more frequently than expected. The actor could be a human or an automated process such as a virus or bot. This could be used to cause a denial of service, compromise program logic (such as limiting humans to a single vote), or other consequences. For example, an authentication routine might not limit the number of times an attacker can guess a password. Or, a web site might conduct a poll but only expect humans to vote a maximum of once a day.",,Unknown,
1978 CWE-81,Improper Neutralization of Script in an Error Message Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to an error page.
1979 Error pages may include customized 403 Forbidden or 404 Not Found pages.
13321980 When an attacker can trigger an error that contains unneutralized input, then cross-site scripting attacks may be possible.",,Unknown,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 11: Failure to Handle Errors Correctly."" Page 183"
1333 CWE-82,Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes of IMG Tags in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The web application does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes scripting elements within attributes of HTML IMG tags, such as the src attribute.","Attackers can embed XSS exploits into the values for IMG attributes (e.g. SRC) that is streamed and then executed in a victim's browser. Note that when the page is loaded into a user's browsers, the exploit will automatically execute.",,Unknown,
1334 CWE-820,Missing Synchronization (Type: Base),The software utilizes a shared resource in a concurrent manner but does not attempt to synchronize access to the resource.,"If access to a shared resource is not synchronized, then the resource may not be in a state that is expected by the software. This might lead to unexpected or insecure behaviors, especially if an attacker can influence the shared resource.",,Unknown,
1335 CWE-821,Incorrect Synchronization (Type: Base),The software utilizes a shared resource in a concurrent manner but it does not correctly synchronize access to the resource.,"If access to a shared resource is not correctly synchronized, then the resource may not be in a state that is expected by the software. This might lead to unexpected or insecure behaviors, especially if an attacker can influence the shared resource.",,Unknown,
1336 CWE-822,Untrusted Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"The program obtains a value from an untrusted source, converts this value to a pointer, and dereferences the resulting pointer.","An attacker can supply a pointer for memory locations that the program is not expecting. If the pointer is dereferenced for a write operation, the attack might allow modification of critical program state variables, cause a crash, or execute code. If the dereferencing operation is for a read, then the attack might allow reading of sensitive data, cause a crash, or set a program variable to an unexpected value (since the value will be read from an unexpected memory location).
1981 CWE-82,Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes of IMG Tags in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The web application does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes scripting elements within attributes of HTML IMG tags, such as the src attribute.
1982 Attackers can embed XSS exploits into the values for IMG attributes (e.g. SRC) that is streamed and then executed in a victim's browser. Note that when the page is loaded into a user's browsers, the exploit will automatically execute.",,Unknown,
1983 CWE-820,Missing Synchronization (Type: Base),"The software utilizes a shared resource in a concurrent manner but does not attempt to synchronize access to the resource.
1984 If access to a shared resource is not synchronized, then the resource may not be in a state that is expected by the software. This might lead to unexpected or insecure behaviors, especially if an attacker can influence the shared resource.",,Unknown,
1985 CWE-821,Incorrect Synchronization (Type: Base),"The software utilizes a shared resource in a concurrent manner but it does not correctly synchronize access to the resource.
1986 If access to a shared resource is not correctly synchronized, then the resource may not be in a state that is expected by the software. This might lead to unexpected or insecure behaviors, especially if an attacker can influence the shared resource.",,Unknown,
1987 CWE-822,Untrusted Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"The program obtains a value from an untrusted source, converts this value to a pointer, and dereferences the resulting pointer.
1988 An attacker can supply a pointer for memory locations that the program is not expecting. If the pointer is dereferenced for a write operation, the attack might allow modification of critical program state variables, cause a crash, or execute code. If the dereferencing operation is for a read, then the attack might allow reading of sensitive data, cause a crash, or set a program variable to an unexpected value (since the value will be read from an unexpected memory location).
13371989 There are several variants of this weakness, including but not necessarily limited to:
13381990 The untrusted value is directly invoked as a function call.
13391991 In OS kernels or drivers where there is a boundary between ""userland"" and privileged memory spaces, an untrusted pointer might enter through an API or system call (see CWE-781 for one such example).
13401992 Inadvertently accepting the value from an untrusted control sphere when it did not have to be accepted as input at all. This might occur when the code was originally developed to be run by a single user in a non-networked environment, and the code is then ported to or otherwise exposed to a networked environment.",,Unknown,
1341 CWE-823,Use of Out-of-range Pointer Offset (Type: Base),"The program performs pointer arithmetic on a valid pointer, but it uses an offset that can point outside of the intended range of valid memory locations for the resulting pointer.","While a pointer can contain a reference to any arbitrary memory location, a program typically only intends to use the pointer to access limited portions of memory, such as contiguous memory used to access an individual array.
1993 CWE-823,Use of Out-of-range Pointer Offset (Type: Base),"The program performs pointer arithmetic on a valid pointer, but it uses an offset that can point outside of the intended range of valid memory locations for the resulting pointer.
1994 While a pointer can contain a reference to any arbitrary memory location, a program typically only intends to use the pointer to access limited portions of memory, such as contiguous memory used to access an individual array.
13421995 Programs may use offsets in order to access fields or sub-elements stored within structured data. The offset might be out-of-range if it comes from an untrusted source, is the result of an incorrect calculation, or occurs because of another error.
13431996 If an attacker can control or influence the offset so that it points outside of the intended boundaries of the structure, then the attacker may be able to read or write to memory locations that are used elsewhere in the program. As a result, the attack might change the state of the software as accessed through program variables, cause a crash or instable behavior, and possibly lead to code execution.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Pointer Arithmetic"", Page 277."
1344 CWE-824,Access of Uninitialized Pointer (Type: Base),The program accesses or uses a pointer that has not been initialized.,"If the pointer contains an uninitialized value, then the value might not point to a valid memory location. This could cause the program to read from or write to unexpected memory locations, leading to a denial of service. If the uninitialized pointer is used as a function call, then arbitrary functions could be invoked. If an attacker can influence the portion of uninitialized memory that is contained in the pointer, this weakness could be leveraged to execute code or perform other attacks.
1997 CWE-824,Access of Uninitialized Pointer (Type: Base),"The program accesses or uses a pointer that has not been initialized.
1998 If the pointer contains an uninitialized value, then the value might not point to a valid memory location. This could cause the program to read from or write to unexpected memory locations, leading to a denial of service. If the uninitialized pointer is used as a function call, then arbitrary functions could be invoked. If an attacker can influence the portion of uninitialized memory that is contained in the pointer, this weakness could be leveraged to execute code or perform other attacks.
13451999 Depending on memory layout, associated memory management behaviors, and program operation, the attacker might be able to influence the contents of the uninitialized pointer, thus gaining more fine-grained control of the memory location to be accessed.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Variable Initialization"", Page 312."
1346 CWE-825,Expired Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"The program dereferences a pointer that contains a location for memory that was previously valid, but is no longer valid.","When a program releases memory, but it maintains a pointer to that memory, then the memory might be re-allocated at a later time. If the original pointer is accessed to read or write data, then this could cause the program to read or modify data that is in use by a different function or process. Depending on how the newly-allocated memory is used, this could lead to a denial of service, information exposure, or code execution.",,Unknown,
1347 CWE-826,Premature Release of Resource During Expected Lifetime (Type: Base),The program releases a resource that is still intended to be used by the program itself or another actor.,"This weakness focuses on errors in which the program should not release a resource, but performs the release anyway. This is different than a weakness in which the program releases a resource at the appropriate time, but it maintains a reference to the resource, which it later accesses. For this weaknesses, the resource should still be valid upon the subsequent access.
2000 CWE-825,Expired Pointer Dereference (Type: Base),"The program dereferences a pointer that contains a location for memory that was previously valid, but is no longer valid.
2001 When a program releases memory, but it maintains a pointer to that memory, then the memory might be re-allocated at a later time. If the original pointer is accessed to read or write data, then this could cause the program to read or modify data that is in use by a different function or process. Depending on how the newly-allocated memory is used, this could lead to a denial of service, information exposure, or code execution.",,Unknown,
2002 CWE-826,Premature Release of Resource During Expected Lifetime (Type: Base),"The program releases a resource that is still intended to be used by the program itself or another actor.
2003 This weakness focuses on errors in which the program should not release a resource, but performs the release anyway. This is different than a weakness in which the program releases a resource at the appropriate time, but it maintains a reference to the resource, which it later accesses. For this weaknesses, the resource should still be valid upon the subsequent access.
13482004 When a program releases a resource that is still being used, it is possible that operations will still be taken on this resource, which may have been repurposed in the meantime, leading to issues similar to CWE-825. Consequences may include denial of service, information exposure, or code execution.",,Unknown,
1349 CWE-827,Improper Control of Document Type Definition (Type: Base),"The software does not restrict a reference to a Document Type Definition (DTD) to the intended control sphere. This might allow attackers to reference arbitrary DTDs, possibly causing the software to expose files, consume excessive system resources, or execute arbitrary http requests on behalf of the attacker.","As DTDs are processed, they might try to read or include files on the machine performing the parsing. If an attacker is able to control the DTD, then the attacker might be able to specify sensitive resources or requests or provide malicious content.
2005 CWE-827,Improper Control of Document Type Definition (Type: Base),"The software does not restrict a reference to a Document Type Definition (DTD) to the intended control sphere. This might allow attackers to reference arbitrary DTDs, possibly causing the software to expose files, consume excessive system resources, or execute arbitrary http requests on behalf of the attacker.
2006 As DTDs are processed, they might try to read or include files on the machine performing the parsing. If an attacker is able to control the DTD, then the attacker might be able to specify sensitive resources or requests or provide malicious content.
13502007 For example, the SOAP specification prohibits SOAP messages from containing DTDs.",,Unknown,Apache CXF Security Advisory (CVE-2010-2076): http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/cxf/trunk/security/CVE-2010-2076.pdf
1351 CWE-828,Signal Handler with Functionality that is not Asynchronous-Safe (Type: Base),"The software defines a signal handler that contains code sequences that are not asynchronous-safe, i.e., the functionality is not reentrant, or it can be interrupted.","This can lead to an unexpected system state with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
2008 CWE-828,Signal Handler with Functionality that is not Asynchronous-Safe (Type: Base),"The software defines a signal handler that contains code sequences that are not asynchronous-safe, i.e., the functionality is not reentrant, or it can be interrupted.
2009 This can lead to an unexpected system state with a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
13522010 Signal handlers are typically intended to interrupt normal functionality of a program, or even other signals, in order to notify the process of an event. When a signal handler uses global or static variables, or invokes functions that ultimately depend on such state or its associated metadata, then it could corrupt system state that is being used by normal functionality. This could subject the program to race conditions or other weaknesses that allow an attacker to cause the program state to be corrupted. While denial of service is frequently the consequence, in some cases this weakness could be leveraged for code execution.
13532011 There are several different scenarios that introduce this issue:
13542012 Invocation of non-reentrant functions from within the handler. One example is malloc(), which modifies internal global variables as it manages memory. Very few functions are actually reentrant.
13572015 Note that in some environments or contexts, it might be possible for the signal handler to be interrupted itself.
13582016 If both a signal handler and the normal behavior of the software have to operate on the same set of state variables, and a signal is received in the middle of the normal execution's modifications of those variables, the variables may be in an incorrect or corrupt state during signal handler execution, and possibly still incorrect or corrupt upon return.",,Unknown,"Delivering Signals for Fun and Profit: http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/signals.txt
13592017 Race Condition: Signal Handling: http://www.fortify.com/vulncat/en/vulncat/cpp/race_condition_signal_handling.html"
1360 CWE-829,Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere (Type: Class),"The software imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.","When including third-party functionality, such as a web widget, library, or other source of functionality, the software must effectively trust that functionality. Without sufficient protection mechanisms, the functionality could be malicious in nature (either by coming from an untrusted source, being spoofed, or being modified in transit from a trusted source). The functionality might also contain its own weaknesses, or grant access to additional functionality and state information that should be kept private to the base system, such as system state information, sensitive application data, or the DOM of a web application.
2018 CWE-829,Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere (Type: Class),"The software imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.
2019 When including third-party functionality, such as a web widget, library, or other source of functionality, the software must effectively trust that functionality. Without sufficient protection mechanisms, the functionality could be malicious in nature (either by coming from an untrusted source, being spoofed, or being modified in transit from a trusted source). The functionality might also contain its own weaknesses, or grant access to additional functionality and state information that should be kept private to the base system, such as system state information, sensitive application data, or the DOM of a web application.
13612020 This might lead to many different consequences depending on the included functionality, but some examples include injection of malware, information exposure by granting excessive privileges or permissions to the untrusted functionality, DOM-based XSS vulnerabilities, stealing user's cookies, or open redirect to malware (CWE-601).",,Unknown,"OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
13622021 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html"
1363 CWE-83,Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes ""javascript:"" or other URIs from dangerous attributes within tags, such as onmouseover, onload, onerror, or style.","When including third-party functionality, such as a web widget, library, or other source of functionality, the software must effectively trust that functionality. Without sufficient protection mechanisms, the functionality could be malicious in nature (either by coming from an untrusted source, being spoofed, or being modified in transit from a trusted source). The functionality might also contain its own weaknesses, or grant access to additional functionality and state information that should be kept private to the base system, such as system state information, sensitive application data, or the DOM of a web application.
2022 CWE-83,Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes ""javascript:"" or other URIs from dangerous attributes within tags, such as onmouseover, onload, onerror, or style.
2023 When including third-party functionality, such as a web widget, library, or other source of functionality, the software must effectively trust that functionality. Without sufficient protection mechanisms, the functionality could be malicious in nature (either by coming from an untrusted source, being spoofed, or being modified in transit from a trusted source). The functionality might also contain its own weaknesses, or grant access to additional functionality and state information that should be kept private to the base system, such as system state information, sensitive application data, or the DOM of a web application.
13642024 This might lead to many different consequences depending on the included functionality, but some examples include injection of malware, information exposure by granting excessive privileges or permissions to the untrusted functionality, DOM-based XSS vulnerabilities, stealing user's cookies, or open redirect to malware (CWE-601).",,Unknown,
1365 CWE-830,Inclusion of Web Functionality from an Untrusted Source (Type: Base),"The software includes web functionality (such as a web widget) from another domain, which causes it to operate within the domain of the software, potentially granting total access and control of the software to the untrusted source.","Including third party functionality in a web-based environment is risky, especially if the source of the functionality is untrusted.
2025 CWE-830,Inclusion of Web Functionality from an Untrusted Source (Type: Base),"The software includes web functionality (such as a web widget) from another domain, which causes it to operate within the domain of the software, potentially granting total access and control of the software to the untrusted source.
2026 Including third party functionality in a web-based environment is risky, especially if the source of the functionality is untrusted.
13662027 Even if the third party is a trusted source, the software may still be exposed to attacks and malicious behavior if that trusted source is compromised, or if the code is modified in transmission from the third party to the software.
13672028 This weakness is common in ""mashup"" development on the web, which may include source functionality from other domains. For example, Javascript-based web widgets may be inserted by using '<SCRIPT SRC=""http://other.domain.here"">' tags, which causes the code to run in the domain of the software, not the remote site from which the widget was loaded. As a result, the included code has access to the local DOM, including cookies and other data that the developer might not want the remote site to be able to access.
13682029 Such dependencies may be desirable, or even required, but sometimes programmers are not aware that a dependency exists.",,Unknown,Third-Party Web Widget Security FAQ: http://jeremiahgrossman.blogspot.com/2010/07/third-party-web-widget-security-faq.html
1369 CWE-831,Signal Handler Function Associated with Multiple Signals (Type: Base),The software defines a function that is used as a handler for more than one signal.,"While sometimes intentional and safe, when the same function is used to handle multiple signals, a race condition could occur if the function uses any state outside of its local declaration, such as global variables or non-reentrant functions, or has any side effects.
2030 CWE-831,Signal Handler Function Associated with Multiple Signals (Type: Base),"The software defines a function that is used as a handler for more than one signal.
2031 While sometimes intentional and safe, when the same function is used to handle multiple signals, a race condition could occur if the function uses any state outside of its local declaration, such as global variables or non-reentrant functions, or has any side effects.
13702032 An attacker could send one signal that invokes the handler function; in many OSes, this will typically prevent the same signal from invoking the handler again, at least until the handler function has completed execution. However, the attacker could then send a different signal that is associated with the same handler function. This could interrupt the original handler function while it is still executing. If there is shared state, then the state could be corrupted. This can lead to a variety of potential consequences depending on context, including denial of service and code execution.
13712033 Another rarely-explored possibility arises when the signal handler is only designed to be executed once (if at all). By sending multiple signals, an attacker could invoke the function more than once. This may generate extra, unintended side effects. A race condition might not even be necessary; the attacker could send one signal, wait until it is handled, then send the other signal.",,Unknown,"Delivering Signals for Fun and Profit: http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/signals.txt
13722034 Race Condition: Signal Handling: http://www.fortify.com/vulncat/en/vulncat/cpp/race_condition_signal_handling.html"
1373 CWE-832,Unlock of a Resource that is not Locked (Type: Base),The software attempts to unlock a resource that is not locked.,"Depending on the locking functionality, an unlock of a non-locked resource might cause memory corruption or other modification to the resource (or its associated metadata that is used for tracking locks).",,Unknown,
1374 CWE-833,Deadlock (Type: Base),"The software contains multiple threads or executable segments that are waiting for each other to release a necessary lock, resulting in deadlock.","Depending on the locking functionality, an unlock of a non-locked resource might cause memory corruption or other modification to the resource (or its associated metadata that is used for tracking locks).",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Synchronization Problems"" / ""Starvation and Deadlocks"", Page 760
2035 CWE-832,Unlock of a Resource that is not Locked (Type: Base),"The software attempts to unlock a resource that is not locked.
2036 Depending on the locking functionality, an unlock of a non-locked resource might cause memory corruption or other modification to the resource (or its associated metadata that is used for tracking locks).",,Unknown,
2037 CWE-833,Deadlock (Type: Base),"The software contains multiple threads or executable segments that are waiting for each other to release a necessary lock, resulting in deadlock.
2038 Depending on the locking functionality, an unlock of a non-locked resource might cause memory corruption or other modification to the resource (or its associated metadata that is used for tracking locks).",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Synchronization Problems"" / ""Starvation and Deadlocks"", Page 760
13752039 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 13, ""Starvation and Deadlocks"", Page 760.
13762040 Secure Coding in C and C++: Chapter 7, ""Concurrency"", section ""Mutual Exclusion and Deadlock"", Page 248."
1377 CWE-834,Excessive Iteration (Type: Base),The software performs an iteration or loop without sufficiently limiting the number of times that the loop is executed.,"If the iteration can be influenced by an attacker, this weakness could allow attackers to consume excessive resources such as CPU or memory. In many cases, a loop does not need to be infinite in order to cause enough resource consumption to adversely affect the software or its host system; it depends on the amount of resources consumed per iteration.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
1378 CWE-835,Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition (Infinite Loop) (Type: Base),"The program contains an iteration or loop with an exit condition that cannot be reached, i.e., an infinite loop.","If the loop can be influenced by an attacker, this weakness could allow attackers to consume excessive resources such as CPU or memory.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
1379 CWE-836,Use of Password Hash Instead of Password for Authentication (Type: Base),"The software records password hashes in a data store, receives a hash of a password from a client, and compares the supplied hash to the hash obtained from the data store.","Some authentication mechanisms rely on the client to generate the hash for a password, possibly to reduce load on the server or avoid sending the password across the network. However, when the client is used to generate the hash, an attacker can bypass the authentication by obtaining a copy of the hash, e.g. by using SQL injection to compromise a database of authentication credentials, or by exploiting an information exposure. The attacker could then use a modified client to replay the stolen hash without having knowledge of the original password.
2041 CWE-834,Excessive Iteration (Type: Base),"The software performs an iteration or loop without sufficiently limiting the number of times that the loop is executed.
2042 If the iteration can be influenced by an attacker, this weakness could allow attackers to consume excessive resources such as CPU or memory. In many cases, a loop does not need to be infinite in order to cause enough resource consumption to adversely affect the software or its host system; it depends on the amount of resources consumed per iteration.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
2043 CWE-835,Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition (Infinite Loop) (Type: Base),"The program contains an iteration or loop with an exit condition that cannot be reached, i.e., an infinite loop.
2044 If the loop can be influenced by an attacker, this weakness could allow attackers to consume excessive resources such as CPU or memory.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Looping Constructs"", Page 327."
2045 CWE-836,Use of Password Hash Instead of Password for Authentication (Type: Base),"The software records password hashes in a data store, receives a hash of a password from a client, and compares the supplied hash to the hash obtained from the data store.
2046 Some authentication mechanisms rely on the client to generate the hash for a password, possibly to reduce load on the server or avoid sending the password across the network. However, when the client is used to generate the hash, an attacker can bypass the authentication by obtaining a copy of the hash, e.g. by using SQL injection to compromise a database of authentication credentials, or by exploiting an information exposure. The attacker could then use a modified client to replay the stolen hash without having knowledge of the original password.
13802047 As a result, the server-side comparison against a client-side hash does not provide any more security than the use of passwords without hashing.",,Unknown,
1381 CWE-837,"Improper Enforcement of a Single, Unique Action (Type: Base)","The software requires that an actor should only be able to perform an action once, or to have only one unique action, but the software does not enforce or improperly enforces this restriction.","In various applications, a user is only expected to perform a certain action once, such as voting, requesting a refund, or making a purchase. When this restriction is not enforced, sometimes this can have security implications. For example, in a voting application, an attacker could attempt to ""stuff the ballot box"" by voting multiple times. If these votes are counted separately, then the attacker could directly affect who wins the vote. This could have significant business impact depending on the purpose of the software.",,Unknown,
1382 CWE-838,Inappropriate Encoding for Output Context (Type: Base),"The software uses or specifies an encoding when generating output to a downstream component, but the specified encoding is not the same as the encoding that is expected by the downstream component.","This weakness can cause the downstream component to use a decoding method that produces different data than what the software intended to send. When the wrong encoding is used - even if closely related - the downstream component could decode the data incorrectly. This can have security consequences when the provided boundaries between control and data are inadvertently broken, because the resulting data could introduce control characters or special elements that were not sent by the software. The resulting data could then be used to bypass protection mechanisms such as input validation, and enable injection attacks.
2048 CWE-837,"Improper Enforcement of a Single, Unique Action (Type: Base)","The software requires that an actor should only be able to perform an action once, or to have only one unique action, but the software does not enforce or improperly enforces this restriction.
2049 In various applications, a user is only expected to perform a certain action once, such as voting, requesting a refund, or making a purchase. When this restriction is not enforced, sometimes this can have security implications. For example, in a voting application, an attacker could attempt to ""stuff the ballot box"" by voting multiple times. If these votes are counted separately, then the attacker could directly affect who wins the vote. This could have significant business impact depending on the purpose of the software.",,Unknown,
2050 CWE-838,Inappropriate Encoding for Output Context (Type: Base),"The software uses or specifies an encoding when generating output to a downstream component, but the specified encoding is not the same as the encoding that is expected by the downstream component.
2051 This weakness can cause the downstream component to use a decoding method that produces different data than what the software intended to send. When the wrong encoding is used - even if closely related - the downstream component could decode the data incorrectly. This can have security consequences when the provided boundaries between control and data are inadvertently broken, because the resulting data could introduce control characters or special elements that were not sent by the software. The resulting data could then be used to bypass protection mechanisms such as input validation, and enable injection attacks.
13832052 While using output encoding is essential for ensuring that communications between components are accurate, the use of the wrong encoding - even if closely related - could cause the downstream component to misinterpret the output.
13842053 For example, HTML entity encoding is used for elements in the HTML body of a web page. However, a programmer might use entity encoding when generating output for that is used within an attribute of an HTML tag, which could contain functional Javascript that is not affected by the HTML encoding.
13852054 While web applications have received the most attention for this problem, this weakness could potentially apply to any type of software that uses a communications stream that could support multiple encodings.",,Unknown,"Injection-safe templating languages: http://manicode.blogspot.com/2010/06/injection-safe-templating-languages_30.html
13892058 XSS Attacks: Preventing XSS Attacks
13902059 DOM based XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/DOM_based_XSS_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet
13912060 OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI"
1392 CWE-839,Numeric Range Comparison Without Minimum Check (Type: Base),"The program checks a value to ensure that it does not exceed a maximum, but it does not verify that the value exceeds the minimum.","Some programs use signed integers or floats even when their values are only expected to be positive or 0. An input validation check might assume that the value is positive, and only check for the maximum value. If the value is negative, but the code assumes that the value is positive, this can produce an error. The error may have security consequences if the negative value is used for memory allocation, array access, buffer access, etc. Ultimately, the error could lead to a buffer overflow or other type of memory corruption.
2061 CWE-839,Numeric Range Comparison Without Minimum Check (Type: Base),"The program checks a value to ensure that it does not exceed a maximum, but it does not verify that the value exceeds the minimum.
2062 Some programs use signed integers or floats even when their values are only expected to be positive or 0. An input validation check might assume that the value is positive, and only check for the maximum value. If the value is negative, but the code assumes that the value is positive, this can produce an error. The error may have security consequences if the negative value is used for memory allocation, array access, buffer access, etc. Ultimately, the error could lead to a buffer overflow or other type of memory corruption.
13932063 The use of a negative number in a positive-only context could have security implications for other types of resources. For example, a shopping cart might check that the user is not requesting more than 10 items, but a request for -3 items could cause the application to calculate a negative price and credit the attacker's account.",,Unknown,"The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Type Conversion Vulnerabilities"" Page 246.
13942064 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 6, ""Comparisons"", Page 265."
1395 CWE-84,Improper Neutralization of Encoded URI Schemes in a Web Page (Type: Variant),The web application improperly neutralizes user-controlled input for executable script disguised with URI encodings.,"Some programs use signed integers or floats even when their values are only expected to be positive or 0. An input validation check might assume that the value is positive, and only check for the maximum value. If the value is negative, but the code assumes that the value is positive, this can produce an error. The error may have security consequences if the negative value is used for memory allocation, array access, buffer access, etc. Ultimately, the error could lead to a buffer overflow or other type of memory corruption.
2065 CWE-84,Improper Neutralization of Encoded URI Schemes in a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The web application improperly neutralizes user-controlled input for executable script disguised with URI encodings.
2066 Some programs use signed integers or floats even when their values are only expected to be positive or 0. An input validation check might assume that the value is positive, and only check for the maximum value. If the value is negative, but the code assumes that the value is positive, this can produce an error. The error may have security consequences if the negative value is used for memory allocation, array access, buffer access, etc. Ultimately, the error could lead to a buffer overflow or other type of memory corruption.
13962067 The use of a negative number in a positive-only context could have security implications for other types of resources. For example, a shopping cart might check that the user is not requesting more than 10 items, but a request for -3 items could cause the application to calculate a negative price and credit the attacker's account.",,Unknown,
1397 CWE-841,Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow (Type: Base),"The software supports a session in which more than one behavior must be performed by an actor, but it does not properly ensure that the actor performs the behaviors in the required sequence.","By performing actions in an unexpected order, or by omitting steps, an attacker could manipulate the business logic of the software or cause it to enter an invalid state. In some cases, this can also expose resultant weaknesses.
2068 CWE-841,Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow (Type: Base),"The software supports a session in which more than one behavior must be performed by an actor, but it does not properly ensure that the actor performs the behaviors in the required sequence.
2069 By performing actions in an unexpected order, or by omitting steps, an attacker could manipulate the business logic of the software or cause it to enter an invalid state. In some cases, this can also expose resultant weaknesses.
13982070 For example, a file-sharing protocol might require that an actor perform separate steps to provide a username, then a password, before being able to transfer files. If the file-sharing server accepts a password command followed by a transfer command, without any username being provided, the software might still perform the transfer.
13992071 Note that this is different than CWE-696, which focuses on when the software performs actions in the wrong sequence; this entry is closely related, but it is focused on ensuring that the actor performs actions in the correct sequence.
14002072 Workflow-related behaviors include:
14092081 Real-Life Example of a 'Business Logic Defect' (Screen Shots!): http://h30501.www3.hp.com/t5/Following-the-White-Rabbit-A/Real-Life-Example-of-a-Business-Logic-Defect-Screen-Shots/ba-p/22581
14102082 Toward Automated Detection of Logic Vulnerabilities in Web Applications: http://www.usenix.org/events/sec10/tech/full_papers/Felmetsger.pdf
14112083 Designing a Framework Method for Secure Business Application Logic Integrity in e-Commerce Systems: http://ijns.femto.com.tw/contents/ijns-v12-n1/ijns-2011-v12-n1-p29-41.pdf"
1412 CWE-842,Placement of User into Incorrect Group (Type: Base),The software or the administrator places a user into an incorrect group.,"If the incorrect group has more access or privileges than the intended group, the user might be able to bypass intended security policy to access unexpected resources or perform unexpected actions. The access-control system might not be able to detect malicious usage of this group membership.",,Unknown,
1413 CWE-843,Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type (Type Confusion) (Type: Base),"The program allocates or initializes a resource such as a pointer, object, or variable using one type, but it later accesses that resource using a type that is incompatible with the original type.","When the program accesses the resource using an incompatible type, this could trigger logical errors because the resource does not have expected properties. In languages without memory safety, such as C and C++, type confusion can lead to out-of-bounds memory access.
2084 CWE-842,Placement of User into Incorrect Group (Type: Base),"The software or the administrator places a user into an incorrect group.
2085 If the incorrect group has more access or privileges than the intended group, the user might be able to bypass intended security policy to access unexpected resources or perform unexpected actions. The access-control system might not be able to detect malicious usage of this group membership.",,Unknown,
2086 CWE-843,Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type (Type Confusion) (Type: Base),"The program allocates or initializes a resource such as a pointer, object, or variable using one type, but it later accesses that resource using a type that is incompatible with the original type.
2087 When the program accesses the resource using an incompatible type, this could trigger logical errors because the resource does not have expected properties. In languages without memory safety, such as C and C++, type confusion can lead to out-of-bounds memory access.
14142088 While this weakness is frequently associated with unions when parsing data with many different embedded object types in C, it can be present in any application that can interpret the same variable or memory location in multiple ways.
14152089 This weakness is not unique to C and C++. For example, errors in PHP applications can be triggered by providing array parameters when scalars are expected, or vice versa. Languages such as Perl, which perform automatic conversion of a variable of one type when it is accessed as if it were another type, can also contain these issues.",,Unknown,"Attacking Interoperability: http://www.azimuthsecurity.com/resources/bh2009_dowd_smith_dewey.pdf
14162090 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 7, ""Type Confusion"", Page 319."
1417 CWE-85,Doubled Character XSS Manipulations (Type: Variant),The web application does not filter user-controlled input for executable script disguised using doubling of the involved characters.,"When the program accesses the resource using an incompatible type, this could trigger logical errors because the resource does not have expected properties. In languages without memory safety, such as C and C++, type confusion can lead to out-of-bounds memory access.
2091 CWE-85,Doubled Character XSS Manipulations (Type: Variant),"The web application does not filter user-controlled input for executable script disguised using doubling of the involved characters.
2092 When the program accesses the resource using an incompatible type, this could trigger logical errors because the resource does not have expected properties. In languages without memory safety, such as C and C++, type confusion can lead to out-of-bounds memory access.
14182093 While this weakness is frequently associated with unions when parsing data with many different embedded object types in C, it can be present in any application that can interpret the same variable or memory location in multiple ways.
14192094 This weakness is not unique to C and C++. For example, errors in PHP applications can be triggered by providing array parameters when scalars are expected, or vice versa. Languages such as Perl, which perform automatic conversion of a variable of one type when it is accessed as if it were another type, can also contain these issues.",,Unknown,
1420 CWE-86,Improper Neutralization of Invalid Characters in Identifiers in Web Pages (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes invalid characters or byte sequences in the middle of tag names, URI schemes, and other identifiers.","Some web browsers may remove these sequences, resulting in output that may have unintended control implications. For example, the software may attempt to remove a ""javascript:"" URI scheme, but a ""java%00script:"" URI may bypass this check and still be rendered as active javascript by some browsers, allowing XSS or other attacks.",,Unknown,
1421 CWE-87,Improper Neutralization of Alternate XSS Syntax (Type: Variant),The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controlled input for alternate script syntax.,"Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
2095 CWE-86,Improper Neutralization of Invalid Characters in Identifiers in Web Pages (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes invalid characters or byte sequences in the middle of tag names, URI schemes, and other identifiers.
2096 Some web browsers may remove these sequences, resulting in output that may have unintended control implications. For example, the software may attempt to remove a ""javascript:"" URI scheme, but a ""java%00script:"" URI may bypass this check and still be rendered as active javascript by some browsers, allowing XSS or other attacks.",,Unknown,
2097 CWE-87,Improper Neutralization of Alternate XSS Syntax (Type: Variant),"The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controlled input for alternate script syntax.
2098 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
14222099 When access control checks are incorrectly applied, users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,Unknown,
1423 CWE-88,Argument Injection or Modification (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently delimit the arguments being passed to a component in another control sphere, allowing alternate arguments to be provided, leading to potentially security-relevant changes.","Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
2100 CWE-88,Argument Injection or Modification (Type: Base),"The software does not sufficiently delimit the arguments being passed to a component in another control sphere, allowing alternate arguments to be provided, leading to potentially security-relevant changes.
2101 Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
14242102 When access control checks are incorrectly applied, users are able to access data or perform actions that they should not be allowed to perform. This can lead to a wide range of problems, including information exposures, denial of service, and arbitrary code execution.",,Unknown,"Argument injection issues: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/archive/1/460089/100/100/threaded
14252103 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 10, ""The Argument Array"", Page 567."
1426 CWE-9,J2EE Misconfiguration: Weak Access Permissions for EJB Methods (Type: Variant),"If elevated access rights are assigned to EJB methods, then an attacker can take advantage of the permissions to exploit the software system.","Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
2104 CWE-9,J2EE Misconfiguration: Weak Access Permissions for EJB Methods (Type: Variant),"If elevated access rights are assigned to EJB methods, then an attacker can take advantage of the permissions to exploit the software system.
2105 Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
14272106 SQL injection has become a common issue with database-driven web sites. The flaw is easily detected, and easily exploited, and as such, any site or software package with even a minimal user base is likely to be subject to an attempted attack of this kind. This flaw depends on the fact that SQL makes no real distinction between the control and data planes.",,Unknown,
1428 CWE-90,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query (LDAP Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an LDAP query using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended LDAP query when it is sent to a downstream component.","Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
2107 CWE-90,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query (LDAP Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an LDAP query using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended LDAP query when it is sent to a downstream component.
2108 Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
14292109 SQL injection has become a common issue with database-driven web sites. The flaw is easily detected, and easily exploited, and as such, any site or software package with even a minimal user base is likely to be subject to an attempted attack of this kind. This flaw depends on the fact that SQL makes no real distinction between the control and data planes.",,Unknown,Web Applications and LDAP Injection
1430 CWE-91,XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly neutralize special elements that are used in XML, allowing attackers to modify the syntax, content, or commands of the XML before it is processed by an end system.","Within XML, special elements could include reserved words or characters such as ""<"", "">"", """""", and ""&"", which could then be used to add new data or modify XML syntax.",,Unknown,"Blind XPath Injection: http://www.modsecurity.org/archive/amit/blind-xpath-injection.pdf
2110 CWE-91,XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection) (Type: Base),"The software does not properly neutralize special elements that are used in XML, allowing attackers to modify the syntax, content, or commands of the XML before it is processed by an end system.
2111 Within XML, special elements could include reserved words or characters such as ""<"", "">"", """""", and ""&"", which could then be used to add new data or modify XML syntax.",,Unknown,"Blind XPath Injection: http://www.modsecurity.org/archive/amit/blind-xpath-injection.pdf
14312112 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""XML Injection"", Page 1069."
1432 CWE-912,Hidden Functionality (Type: Class),"The software contains functionality that is not documented, not part of the specification, and not accessible through an interface or command sequence that is obvious to the software's users or administrators.","Hidden functionality can take many forms, such as intentionally malicious code, ""Easter Eggs"" that contain extraneous functionality such as games, developer-friendly shortcuts that reduce maintenance or support costs such as hard-coded accounts, etc. From a security perspective, even when the functionality is not intentionally malicious or damaging, it can increase the software's attack surface and expose additional weaknesses beyond what is already exposed by the intended functionality. Even if it is not easily accessible, the hidden functionality could be useful for attacks that modify the control flow of the application.",,Unknown,
1433 CWE-913,Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources (Type: Class),"The software does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-managed code resources such as variables, objects, classes, attributes, functions, or executable instructions or statements.","Many languages offer powerful features that allow the programmer to dynamically create or modify existing code, or resources used by code such as variables and objects. While these features can offer significant flexibility and reduce development time, they can be extremely dangerous if attackers can directly influence these code resources in unexpected ways.",,Unknown,
1434 CWE-914,Improper Control of Dynamically-Identified Variables (Type: Base),The software does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-identified variables.,"Many languages offer powerful features that allow the programmer to access arbitrary variables that are specified by an input string. While these features can offer significant flexibility and reduce development time, they can be extremely dangerous if attackers can modify unintended variables that have security implications.",,Unknown,
1435 CWE-915,Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component that specifies multiple attributes, properties, or fields that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control which attributes can be modified.","If the object contains attributes that were only intended for internal use, then their unexpected modification could lead to a vulnerability.
2113 CWE-912,Hidden Functionality (Type: Class),"The software contains functionality that is not documented, not part of the specification, and not accessible through an interface or command sequence that is obvious to the software's users or administrators.
2114 Hidden functionality can take many forms, such as intentionally malicious code, ""Easter Eggs"" that contain extraneous functionality such as games, developer-friendly shortcuts that reduce maintenance or support costs such as hard-coded accounts, etc. From a security perspective, even when the functionality is not intentionally malicious or damaging, it can increase the software's attack surface and expose additional weaknesses beyond what is already exposed by the intended functionality. Even if it is not easily accessible, the hidden functionality could be useful for attacks that modify the control flow of the application.",,Unknown,
2115 CWE-913,Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources (Type: Class),"The software does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-managed code resources such as variables, objects, classes, attributes, functions, or executable instructions or statements.
2116 Many languages offer powerful features that allow the programmer to dynamically create or modify existing code, or resources used by code such as variables and objects. While these features can offer significant flexibility and reduce development time, they can be extremely dangerous if attackers can directly influence these code resources in unexpected ways.",,Unknown,
2117 CWE-914,Improper Control of Dynamically-Identified Variables (Type: Base),"The software does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-identified variables.
2118 Many languages offer powerful features that allow the programmer to access arbitrary variables that are specified by an input string. While these features can offer significant flexibility and reduce development time, they can be extremely dangerous if attackers can modify unintended variables that have security implications.",,Unknown,
2119 CWE-915,Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component that specifies multiple attributes, properties, or fields that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control which attributes can be modified.
2120 If the object contains attributes that were only intended for internal use, then their unexpected modification could lead to a vulnerability.
14362121 This weakness is sometimes known by the language-specific mechanisms that make it possible, such as mass assignment, autobinding, or object injection.",,Unknown,"Shocking News in PHP Exploitation: http://www.suspekt.org/downloads/POC2009-ShockingNewsInPHPExploitation.pdf
14372122 ""Two Security Vulnerabilities in the Spring Framework's MVC"" pdf (from 2008): http://blog.diniscruz.com/2011/07/two-security-vulnerabilities-in-spring.html
14382123 Two Security Vulnerabilities in the Spring Framework's MVC: http://o2platform.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/ounce_springframework_vulnerabilities.pdf
14452130 PHP Object Injection: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/PHP_Object_Injection
14462131 Unserializing user-supplied data, a bad idea: http://heine.familiedeelstra.com/security/unserialize
14472132 Why Python Pickle is Insecure: http://nadiana.com/python-pickle-insecure"
1448 CWE-916,Use of Password Hash With Insufficient Computational Effort (Type: Base),"The software generates a hash for a password, but it uses a scheme that does not provide a sufficient level of computational effort that would make password cracking attacks infeasible or expensive.","Many password storage mechanisms compute a hash and store the hash, instead of storing the original password in plaintext. In this design, authentication involves accepting an incoming password, computing its hash, and comparing it to the stored hash.
2133 CWE-916,Use of Password Hash With Insufficient Computational Effort (Type: Base),"The software generates a hash for a password, but it uses a scheme that does not provide a sufficient level of computational effort that would make password cracking attacks infeasible or expensive.
2134 Many password storage mechanisms compute a hash and store the hash, instead of storing the original password in plaintext. In this design, authentication involves accepting an incoming password, computing its hash, and comparing it to the stored hash.
14492135 Many hash algorithms are designed to execute quickly with minimal overhead, even cryptographic hashes. However, this efficiency is a problem for password storage, because it can reduce an attacker's workload for brute-force password cracking. If an attacker can obtain the hashes through some other method (such as SQL injection on a database that stores hashes), then the attacker can store the hashes offline and use various techniques to crack the passwords by computing hashes efficiently. Without a built-in workload, modern attacks can compute large numbers of hashes, or even exhaust the entire space of all possible passwords, within a very short amount of time, using massively-parallel computing (such as cloud computing) and GPU, ASIC, or FPGA hardware. In such a scenario, an efficient hash algorithm helps the attacker.
14502136 There are several properties of a hash scheme that are relevant to its strength against an offline, massively-parallel attack:
14512137 The amount of CPU time required to compute the hash (""stretching"")
14672153 The Importance of Being Canonical: http://erratasec.blogspot.com/2009/02/importance-of-being-canonical.html
14682154 Our password hashing has no clothes: http://www.troyhunt.com/2012/06/our-password-hashing-has-no-clothes.html
14692155 Should we really use bcrypt/scrypt?: http://www.analyticalengine.net/2012/06/should-we-really-use-bcryptscrypt/"
1470 CWE-917,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement (Expression Language Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an expression language (EL) statement in a Java Server Page (JSP) using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended EL statement before it is executed.","Many password storage mechanisms compute a hash and store the hash, instead of storing the original password in plaintext. In this design, authentication involves accepting an incoming password, computing its hash, and comparing it to the stored hash.
2156 CWE-917,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement (Expression Language Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an expression language (EL) statement in a Java Server Page (JSP) using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended EL statement before it is executed.
2157 Many password storage mechanisms compute a hash and store the hash, instead of storing the original password in plaintext. In this design, authentication involves accepting an incoming password, computing its hash, and comparing it to the stored hash.
14712158 Many hash algorithms are designed to execute quickly with minimal overhead, even cryptographic hashes. However, this efficiency is a problem for password storage, because it can reduce an attacker's workload for brute-force password cracking. If an attacker can obtain the hashes through some other method (such as SQL injection on a database that stores hashes), then the attacker can store the hashes offline and use various techniques to crack the passwords by computing hashes efficiently. Without a built-in workload, modern attacks can compute large numbers of hashes, or even exhaust the entire space of all possible passwords, within a very short amount of time, using massively-parallel computing (such as cloud computing) and GPU, ASIC, or FPGA hardware. In such a scenario, an efficient hash algorithm helps the attacker.
14722159 There are several properties of a hash scheme that are relevant to its strength against an offline, massively-parallel attack:
14732160 The amount of CPU time required to compute the hash (""stretching"")
14772164 Relative to the number of all possible hashes that can be generated by the scheme, there is a low likelihood of producing the same hash for multiple different inputs (""collision resistance"")
14782165 Note that the security requirements for the software may vary depending on the environment and the value of the passwords. Different schemes might not provide all of these properties, yet may still provide sufficient security for the environment. Conversely, a solution might be very strong in preserving one property, which still being very weak for an attack against another property, or it might not be able to significantly reduce the efficiency of a massively-parallel attack.",,Unknown,"Expression Language Injection: http://www.mindedsecurity.com/fileshare/ExpressionLanguageInjection.pdf
14792166 Remote Code with Expression Language Injection: http://danamodio.com/application-security/discoveries/spring-remote-code-with-expression-language-injection/"
1480 CWE-918,Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) (Type: Base),"The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.","By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests.",,Unknown,"SSRF vs. Business-critical applications: XXE tunneling in SAP: https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Polyakov/BH_US_12_Polyakov_SSRF_Business_Slides.pdf
2167 CWE-918,Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) (Type: Base),"The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.
2168 By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests.",,Unknown,"SSRF vs. Business-critical applications: XXE tunneling in SAP: https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Polyakov/BH_US_12_Polyakov_SSRF_Business_Slides.pdf
14812169 SSRF vs. Business-critical Applications. Part 1: XXE Tunnelling in SAP NetWeaver: http://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/SSRF-vs-Businness-critical-applications-whitepaper.pdf
14822170 Cross Site Port Attacks - XSPA - Part 1: http://www.riyazwalikar.com/2012/11/cross-site-port-attacks-xspa-part-1.html
14832171 Cross Site Port Attacks - XSPA - Part 2: http://www.riyazwalikar.com/2012/11/cross-site-port-attacks-xspa-part-2.html
14852173 SSRF attacks and sockets: smorgasbord of vulnerabilities: http://www.slideshare.net/d0znpp/ssrf-attacks-and-sockets-smorgasbord-of-vulnerabilities
14862174 SSRF bible. Cheatsheet: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1v1TkWZtrhzRLy0bYXBcdLUedXGb9njTNIJXa3u9akHM/edit?pli=1#
14872175 Web Portals: Gateway To Information, Or A Hole In Our Perimeter Defenses: http://www.shmoocon.org/2008/presentations/Web%20portals,%20gateway%20to%20information.ppt"
1488 CWE-92,DEPRECATED: Improper Sanitization of Custom Special Characters (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated. It originally came from PLOVER, which sometimes defined ""other"" and ""miscellaneous"" categories in order to satisfy exhaustiveness requirements for taxonomies. Within the context of CWE, the use of a more abstract entry is preferred in mapping situations. CWE-75 is a more appropriate mapping.","By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests.",,Unknown,
1489 CWE-920,Improper Restriction of Power Consumption (Type: Base),"The software operates in an environment in which power is a limited resource that cannot be automatically replenished, but the software does not properly restrict the amount of power that its operation consumes.","In environments such as embedded or mobile devices, power can be a limited resource such as a battery, which cannot be automatically replenished by the software itself, and the device might not always be directly attached to a reliable power source. If the software uses too much power too quickly, then this could cause the device (and subsequently, the software) to stop functioning until power is restored, or increase the financial burden on the device owner because of increased power costs.
2176 CWE-92,DEPRECATED: Improper Sanitization of Custom Special Characters (Type: Base),"This entry has been deprecated. It originally came from PLOVER, which sometimes defined ""other"" and ""miscellaneous"" categories in order to satisfy exhaustiveness requirements for taxonomies. Within the context of CWE, the use of a more abstract entry is preferred in mapping situations. CWE-75 is a more appropriate mapping.
2177 By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests.",,Unknown,
2178 CWE-920,Improper Restriction of Power Consumption (Type: Base),"The software operates in an environment in which power is a limited resource that cannot be automatically replenished, but the software does not properly restrict the amount of power that its operation consumes.
2179 In environments such as embedded or mobile devices, power can be a limited resource such as a battery, which cannot be automatically replenished by the software itself, and the device might not always be directly attached to a reliable power source. If the software uses too much power too quickly, then this could cause the device (and subsequently, the software) to stop functioning until power is restored, or increase the financial burden on the device owner because of increased power costs.
14902180 Normal operation of an application will consume power. However, in some cases, an attacker could cause the application to consume more power than intended, using components such as:
14912181 Display
14922182 CPU
14952185 Sound
14962186 Microphone
14972187 USB interface",,Unknown,
1498 CWE-921,Storage of Sensitive Data in a Mechanism without Access Control (Type: Base),The software stores sensitive information in a file system or device that does not have built-in access control.,"While many modern file systems or devices utilize some form of access control in order to restrict access to data, not all storage mechanisms have this capability. For example, memory cards, floppy disks, CDs, and USB devices are typically made accessible to any user within the system. This can become a problem when sensitive data is stored in these mechanisms in a multi-user environment, because anybody on the system can read or write this data.
2188 CWE-921,Storage of Sensitive Data in a Mechanism without Access Control (Type: Base),"The software stores sensitive information in a file system or device that does not have built-in access control.
2189 While many modern file systems or devices utilize some form of access control in order to restrict access to data, not all storage mechanisms have this capability. For example, memory cards, floppy disks, CDs, and USB devices are typically made accessible to any user within the system. This can become a problem when sensitive data is stored in these mechanisms in a multi-user environment, because anybody on the system can read or write this data.
14992190 On Android devices, external storage is typically globally readable and writable by other applications on the device. External storage may also be easily accessible through the mobile device's USB connection or physically accessible through the device's memory card port.",,Unknown,Security Tips: http://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-tips.html#StoringData
1500 CWE-922,Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information (Type: Class),The software stores sensitive information without properly limiting read or write access by unauthorized actors.,"If read access is not properly restricted, then attackers can steal the sensitive information. If write access is not properly restricted, then attackers can modify and possibly delete the data, causing incorrect results and possibly a denial of service.",,Unknown,
1501 CWE-923,Improper Authentication of Endpoint in a Communication Channel (Type: Class),"The software establishes a communication channel to (or from) an endpoint for privileged or protected operations, but it does not properly authenticate the endpoint to ensure it is associated with the identity of the intended actor.","Attackers might be able to spoof the intended endpoint from a different system or process, thus gaining the same level of access as the intended endpoint.
2191 CWE-922,Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information (Type: Class),"The software stores sensitive information without properly limiting read or write access by unauthorized actors.
2192 If read access is not properly restricted, then attackers can steal the sensitive information. If write access is not properly restricted, then attackers can modify and possibly delete the data, causing incorrect results and possibly a denial of service.",,Unknown,
2193 CWE-923,Improper Authentication of Endpoint in a Communication Channel (Type: Class),"The software establishes a communication channel to (or from) an endpoint for privileged or protected operations, but it does not properly authenticate the endpoint to ensure it is associated with the identity of the intended actor.
2194 Attackers might be able to spoof the intended endpoint from a different system or process, thus gaining the same level of access as the intended endpoint.
15022195 While this issue frequently involves authentication between network-based clients and servers, other types of communication channels and endpoints can have this weakness.",,Unknown,
1503 CWE-924,Improper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel (Type: Class),"The software establishes a communication channel with an endpoint and receives a message from that endpoint, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the message was not modified during transmission.",A man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacker might be able to modify the message and spoof the endpoint.,,Unknown,
1504 CWE-925,Improper Verification of Intent by Broadcast Receiver (Type: Variant),"The Android application uses a Broadcast Receiver that receives an Intent but does not properly verify that the Intent came from an authorized source, e.g. by checking the action string.","Certain types of Intents, identified by action string, can only be broadcast by the operating system itself, not by third-party applications. However, when an application declares the ability for a component to receive broadcast messages, in most cases a malicious application can send an Intent with a non-reserved action string to that receiving component.",,Unknown,
1505 CWE-926,Improper Restriction of Content Provider Export to Other Applications (Type: Variant),The Android application uses a Content Provider that does not properly restrict which applications can access the data that is offered by the Content Provider.,"Android's Content Provider mechanism can be used to share data with other applications or internally within the same application. If access to the Content Provider is not restricted to only the expected applications, then malicious applications might be able to access the sensitive data.
2196 CWE-924,Improper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel (Type: Class),"The software establishes a communication channel with an endpoint and receives a message from that endpoint, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the message was not modified during transmission.
2197 A man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacker might be able to modify the message and spoof the endpoint.",,Unknown,
2198 CWE-925,Improper Verification of Intent by Broadcast Receiver (Type: Variant),"The Android application uses a Broadcast Receiver that receives an Intent but does not properly verify that the Intent came from an authorized source, e.g. by checking the action string.
2199 Certain types of Intents, identified by action string, can only be broadcast by the operating system itself, not by third-party applications. However, when an application declares the ability for a component to receive broadcast messages, in most cases a malicious application can send an Intent with a non-reserved action string to that receiving component.",,Unknown,
2200 CWE-926,Improper Restriction of Content Provider Export to Other Applications (Type: Variant),"The Android application uses a Content Provider that does not properly restrict which applications can access the data that is offered by the Content Provider.
2201 Android's Content Provider mechanism can be used to share data with other applications or internally within the same application. If access to the Content Provider is not restricted to only the expected applications, then malicious applications might be able to access the sensitive data.
15062202 This weakness could be expressed in several different ways:
15072203 The Content Provider is only intended for internal use by the application, and thus does not need to be exported.
15082204 In Android before 4.2, the Content Provider is automatically exported unless it has been explicitly declared as NOT exported.
15092205 The Content Provider is intended for external use by some applications, but it does not properly limit access, e.g. by exporting with excessive permissions.",,Unknown,No description: http://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-tips.html#ContentProviders
1510 CWE-927,Use of Implicit Intent for Sensitive Communication (Type: Variant),The Android application uses an implicit intent for transmitting sensitive data to other applications.,"Since an implicit intent does not specify a particular application to receive the data, any application can process the intent by using an Intent Filter for that intent. This can allow untrusted applications to obtain sensitive data.",,Unknown,"Analyzing Inter-Application Communication in Android: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~afelt/intentsecurity-mobisys.pdf
2206 CWE-927,Use of Implicit Intent for Sensitive Communication (Type: Variant),"The Android application uses an implicit intent for transmitting sensitive data to other applications.
2207 Since an implicit intent does not specify a particular application to receive the data, any application can process the intent by using an Intent Filter for that intent. This can allow untrusted applications to obtain sensitive data.",,Unknown,"Analyzing Inter-Application Communication in Android: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~afelt/intentsecurity-mobisys.pdf
15112208 Security Tips: http://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-tips.html#ContentProviders"
1512 CWE-96,Improper Neutralization of Directives in Statically Saved Code (Static Code Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before inserting the input into an executable resource, such as a library, configuration file, or template.","This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Unknown,
1513 CWE-97,Improper Neutralization of Server-Side Includes (SSI) Within a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software generates a web page, but does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input that could be interpreted as a server-side include (SSI) directive.","This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Unknown,
1514 CWE-116,Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output (Type: Class),"The software prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.","Improper encoding or escaping can allow attackers to change the commands that are sent to another component, inserting malicious commands instead.
2209 CWE-96,Improper Neutralization of Directives in Statically Saved Code (Static Code Injection) (Type: Base),"The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before inserting the input into an executable resource, such as a library, configuration file, or template.
2210 This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Unknown,
2211 CWE-97,Improper Neutralization of Server-Side Includes (SSI) Within a Web Page (Type: Variant),"The software generates a web page, but does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input that could be interpreted as a server-side include (SSI) directive.
2212 This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, or at least modify what code can be executed.",,Unknown,
2213 CWE-116,Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output (Type: Class),"The software prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
2214 Improper encoding or escaping can allow attackers to change the commands that are sent to another component, inserting malicious commands instead.
15152215 Most software follows a certain protocol that uses structured messages for communication between components, such as queries or commands. These structured messages can contain raw data interspersed with metadata or control information. For example, ""GET /index.html HTTP/1.1"" is a structured message containing a command (""GET"") with a single argument (""/index.html"") and metadata about which protocol version is being used (""HTTP/1.1"").
15162216 If an application uses attacker-supplied inputs to construct a structured message without properly encoding or escaping, then the attacker could insert special characters that will cause the data to be interpreted as control information or metadata. Consequently, the component that receives the output will perform the wrong operations, or otherwise interpret the data incorrectly.",,Very High,"OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) Project: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
15172217 Input validation or output filtering, which is better?: http://jeremiahgrossman.blogspot.com/2007/01/input-validation-or-output-filtering.html
15212221 Input Validation - Not That Important: http://manicode.blogspot.com/2008/08/input-validation-not-that-important.html
15222222 Preventing XSS with Correct Output Encoding: http://phed.org/2008/05/19/preventing-xss-with-correct-output-encoding/
15232223 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 11, ""Canonical Representation Issues"" Page 363"
1524 CWE-121,Stack-based Buffer Overflow (Type: Variant),"A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).","A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Stack Overruns"" Page 129
2224 CWE-121,Stack-based Buffer Overflow (Type: Variant),"A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
2225 A buffer overflow condition exists when a program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold, or when a program attempts to put data in a memory area outside of the boundaries of a buffer. The simplest type of error, and the most common cause of buffer overflows, is the ""classic"" case in which the program copies the buffer without restricting how much is copied. Other variants exist, but the existence of a classic overflow strongly suggests that the programmer is not considering even the most basic of security protections.",,Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Stack Overruns"" Page 129
15252226 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 5: Buffer Overruns."" Page 89
15262227 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 3, ""Nonexecutable Stack"", Page 76.
15272228 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 5, ""Protection Mechanisms"", Page 189."
1528 CWE-134,Uncontrolled Format String (Type: Base),"The software uses externally-controlled format strings in printf-style functions, which can lead to buffer overflows or data representation problems.","If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Very High,"Format String Vulnerabilities in Perl Programs: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/418460/30/0/threaded
2229 CWE-134,Uncontrolled Format String (Type: Base),"The software uses externally-controlled format strings in printf-style functions, which can lead to buffer overflows or data representation problems.
2230 If an attacker can manipulate the length parameter associated with an input such that it is inconsistent with the actual length of the input, this can be leveraged to cause the target application to behave in unexpected, and possibly, malicious ways. One of the possible motives for doing so is to pass in arbitrarily large input to the application. Another possible motivation is the modification of application state by including invalid data for subsequent properties of the application. Such weaknesses commonly lead to attacks such as buffer overflows and execution of arbitrary code.",,Very High,"Format String Vulnerabilities in Perl Programs: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/418460/30/0/threaded
15292231 Programming Language Format String Vulnerabilities: http://www.ddj.com/dept/security/197002914
15302232 Format String Attacks: http://www.thenewsh.com/~newsham/format-string-attacks.pdf
15312233 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 5, ""Format String Bugs"" Page 147
15322234 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 6: Format String Problems."" Page 109
15332235 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""C Format Strings"", Page 422."
1534 CWE-256,Plaintext Storage of a Password (Type: Variant),Storing a password in plaintext may result in a system compromise.,"Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1535 CWE-257,Storing Passwords in a Recoverable Format (Type: Base),"The storage of passwords in a recoverable format makes them subject to password reuse attacks by malicious users. If a system administrator can recover a password directly, or use a brute force search on the available information, the administrator can use the password on other accounts.","Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,
1536 CWE-258,Empty Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),Using an empty string as a password is insecure.,"Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
1537 CWE-259,Use of Hard-coded Password (Type: Base),"The software contains a hard-coded password, which it uses for its own inbound authentication or for outbound communication to external components.","A hard-coded password typically leads to a significant authentication failure that can be difficult for the system administrator to detect. Once detected, it can be difficult to fix, so the administrator may be forced into disabling the product entirely. There are two main variations:
2236 CWE-256,Plaintext Storage of a Password (Type: Variant),"Storing a password in plaintext may result in a system compromise.
2237 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
2238 CWE-257,Storing Passwords in a Recoverable Format (Type: Base),"The storage of passwords in a recoverable format makes them subject to password reuse attacks by malicious users. If a system administrator can recover a password directly, or use a brute force search on the available information, the administrator can use the password on other accounts.
2239 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,
2240 CWE-258,Empty Password in Configuration File (Type: Variant),"Using an empty string as a password is insecure.
2241 Two common programmer assumptions are ""this function call can never fail"" and ""it doesn't matter if this function call fails"". If an attacker can force the function to fail or otherwise return a value that is not expected, then the subsequent program logic could lead to a vulnerability, because the software is not in a state that the programmer assumes. For example, if the program calls a function to drop privileges but does not check the return code to ensure that privileges were successfully dropped, then the program will continue to operate with the higher privileges.",,Very High,Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way
2242 CWE-259,Use of Hard-coded Password (Type: Base),"The software contains a hard-coded password, which it uses for its own inbound authentication or for outbound communication to external components.
2243 A hard-coded password typically leads to a significant authentication failure that can be difficult for the system administrator to detect. Once detected, it can be difficult to fix, so the administrator may be forced into disabling the product entirely. There are two main variations:
15382244 Inbound: the software contains an authentication mechanism that checks for a hard-coded password.
15392245 Outbound: the software connects to another system or component, and it contains hard-coded password for connecting to that component.
15402246 In the Inbound variant, a default administration account is created, and a simple password is hard-coded into the product and associated with that account. This hard-coded password is the same for each installation of the product, and it usually cannot be changed or disabled by system administrators without manually modifying the program, or otherwise patching the software. If the password is ever discovered or published (a common occurrence on the Internet), then anybody with knowledge of this password can access the product. Finally, since all installations of the software will have the same password, even across different organizations, this enables massive attacks such as worms to take place.
15412247 The Outbound variant applies to front-end systems that authenticate with a back-end service. The back-end service may require a fixed password which can be easily discovered. The programmer may simply hard-code those back-end credentials into the front-end software. Any user of that program may be able to extract the password. Client-side systems with hard-coded passwords pose even more of a threat, since the extraction of a password from a binary is usually very simple.",,Very High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1542 CWE-309,Use of Password System for Primary Authentication (Type: Base),"The use of password systems as the primary means of authentication may be subject to several flaws or shortcomings, each reducing the effectiveness of the mechanism.","While the use of multiple authentication schemes is simply piling on more complexity on top of authentication, it is inestimably valuable to have such measures of redundancy. The use of weak, reused, and common passwords is rampant on the internet. Without the added protection of multiple authentication schemes, a single mistake can result in the compromise of an account. For this reason, if multiple schemes are possible and also easy to use, they should be implemented and required.",,Very High,
1543 CWE-74,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component (Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.","Software has certain assumptions about what constitutes data and control respectively. It is the lack of verification of these assumptions for user-controlled input that leads to injection problems. Injection problems encompass a wide variety of issues -- all mitigated in very different ways and usually attempted in order to alter the control flow of the process. For this reason, the most effective way to discuss these weaknesses is to note the distinct features which classify them as injection weaknesses. The most important issue to note is that all injection problems share one thing in common -- i.e., they allow for the injection of control plane data into the user-controlled data plane. This means that the execution of the process may be altered by sending code in through legitimate data channels, using no other mechanism. While buffer overflows, and many other flaws, involve the use of some further issue to gain execution, injection problems need only for the data to be parsed. The most classic instantiations of this category of weakness are SQL injection and format string vulnerabilities.",,Very High,
1544 CWE-77,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (Command Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.","Command injection vulnerabilities typically occur when:
2248 CWE-309,Use of Password System for Primary Authentication (Type: Base),"The use of password systems as the primary means of authentication may be subject to several flaws or shortcomings, each reducing the effectiveness of the mechanism.
2249 While the use of multiple authentication schemes is simply piling on more complexity on top of authentication, it is inestimably valuable to have such measures of redundancy. The use of weak, reused, and common passwords is rampant on the internet. Without the added protection of multiple authentication schemes, a single mistake can result in the compromise of an account. For this reason, if multiple schemes are possible and also easy to use, they should be implemented and required.",,Very High,
2250 CWE-74,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component (Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.
2251 Software has certain assumptions about what constitutes data and control respectively. It is the lack of verification of these assumptions for user-controlled input that leads to injection problems. Injection problems encompass a wide variety of issues -- all mitigated in very different ways and usually attempted in order to alter the control flow of the process. For this reason, the most effective way to discuss these weaknesses is to note the distinct features which classify them as injection weaknesses. The most important issue to note is that all injection problems share one thing in common -- i.e., they allow for the injection of control plane data into the user-controlled data plane. This means that the execution of the process may be altered by sending code in through legitimate data channels, using no other mechanism. While buffer overflows, and many other flaws, involve the use of some further issue to gain execution, injection problems need only for the data to be parsed. The most classic instantiations of this category of weakness are SQL injection and format string vulnerabilities.",,Very High,
2252 CWE-77,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (Command Injection) (Type: Class),"The software constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
2253 Command injection vulnerabilities typically occur when:
15452254 1. Data enters the application from an untrusted source.
15462255 2. The data is part of a string that is executed as a command by the application.
15472256 3. By executing the command, the application gives an attacker a privilege or capability that the attacker would not otherwise have.",,Very High,"Exploiting Software: How to Break Code
15482257 24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 10: Command Injection."" Page 171"
1549 CWE-798,Use of Hard-coded Credentials (Type: Base),"The software contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key, which it uses for its own inbound authentication, outbound communication to external components, or encryption of internal data.","Hard-coded credentials typically create a significant hole that allows an attacker to bypass the authentication that has been configured by the software administrator. This hole might be difficult for the system administrator to detect. Even if detected, it can be difficult to fix, so the administrator may be forced into disabling the product entirely. There are two main variations:
2258 CWE-798,Use of Hard-coded Credentials (Type: Base),"The software contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key, which it uses for its own inbound authentication, outbound communication to external components, or encryption of internal data.
2259 Hard-coded credentials typically create a significant hole that allows an attacker to bypass the authentication that has been configured by the software administrator. This hole might be difficult for the system administrator to detect. Even if detected, it can be difficult to fix, so the administrator may be forced into disabling the product entirely. There are two main variations:
15502260 Inbound: the software contains an authentication mechanism that checks the input credentials against a hard-coded set of credentials.
15512261 Outbound: the software connects to another system or component, and it contains hard-coded credentials for connecting to that component.
15522262 In the Inbound variant, a default administration account is created, and a simple password is hard-coded into the product and associated with that account. This hard-coded password is the same for each installation of the product, and it usually cannot be changed or disabled by system administrators without manually modifying the program, or otherwise patching the software. If the password is ever discovered or published (a common occurrence on the Internet), then anybody with knowledge of this password can access the product. Finally, since all installations of the software will have the same password, even across different organizations, this enables massive attacks such as worms to take place.
15532263 The Outbound variant applies to front-end systems that authenticate with a back-end service. The back-end service may require a fixed password which can be easily discovered. The programmer may simply hard-code those back-end credentials into the front-end software. Any user of that program may be able to extract the password. Client-side systems with hard-coded passwords pose even more of a threat, since the extraction of a password from a binary is usually very simple.",,Very High,"Writing Secure Code: Chapter 8, ""Key Management Issues"" Page 272
15542264 Top 25 Series - Rank 11 - Hardcoded Credentials: http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2010/03/10/top-25-series-rank-11-hardcoded-credentials/
15552265 Mobile App Top 10 List: http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list/"
1556 CWE-89,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (SQL Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component.","Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
2266 CWE-89,Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (SQL Injection) (Type: Base),"The software constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component.
2267 Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
15572268 SQL injection has become a common issue with database-driven web sites. The flaw is easily detected, and easily exploited, and as such, any site or software package with even a minimal user base is likely to be subject to an attempted attack of this kind. This flaw depends on the fact that SQL makes no real distinction between the control and data planes.",,Very High,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 1: SQL Injection."" Page 3
15582269 Writing Secure Code: Chapter 12, ""Database Input Issues"" Page 397
15592270 SQL Injection Prevention Cheat Sheet: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/SQL_Injection_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet
15682279 Least Privilege: https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/daisy/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/351.html
15692280 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 8, ""SQL Queries"", Page 431.
15702281 The Art of Software Security Assessment: Chapter 17, ""SQL Injection"", Page 1061."
1571 CWE-262,Not Using Password Aging (Type: Variant),"If no mechanism is in place for managing password aging, users will have no incentive to update passwords in a timely manner.","This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Very Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1572 CWE-263,Password Aging with Long Expiration (Type: Base),Allowing password aging to occur unchecked can result in the possibility of diminished password integrity.,"Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Very Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
1573 ,Session Cookie without Secure flag set,"This cookie does not have the Secure flag set. When a cookie is set with the Secure flag, it instructs the browser that the cookie can only be accessed over secure SSL channels. This is an important security protection for session cookies.",,"If possible, you should set the Secure flag for this cookie.",low,
1574 ,Session Cookie without HttpOnly flag Set,"This cookie does not have the HTTPOnly flag set. When a cookie is set with the HTTPOnly flag, it instructs the browser that the cookie can only be accessed by the server and not by client-side scripts. This is an important security protection for session cookies.",,"If possible, you should set the HTTPOnly flag for this cookie.",Low,
2282 CWE-262,Not Using Password Aging (Type: Variant),"If no mechanism is in place for managing password aging, users will have no incentive to update passwords in a timely manner.
2283 This can result in compromise of the system for which the password is used. An attacker could gain access to this file and learn the stored password or worse yet, change the password to one of their choosing.",,Very Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
2284 CWE-263,Password Aging with Long Expiration (Type: Base),"Allowing password aging to occur unchecked can result in the possibility of diminished password integrity.
2285 Just as neglecting to include functionality for the management of password aging is dangerous, so is allowing password aging to continue unchecked. Passwords must be given a maximum life span, after which a user is required to update with a new and different password.",,Very Low,"24 Deadly Sins of Software Security: ""Sin 19: Use of Weak Password-Based Systems."" Page 279"
2286 ,Session Cookie without Secure flag set,"This cookie does not have the Secure flag set. When a cookie is set with the Secure flag, it instructs the browser that the cookie can only be accessed over secure SSL channels. This is an important security protection for session cookies.
2287 ","If possible, you should set the Secure flag for this cookie.",low,
2288 ,Session Cookie without HttpOnly flag Set,"This cookie does not have the HTTPOnly flag set. When a cookie is set with the HTTPOnly flag, it instructs the browser that the cookie can only be accessed by the server and not by client-side scripts. This is an important security protection for session cookies.
2289 ","If possible, you should set the HTTPOnly flag for this cookie.",Low,
15752290 ,Application error message,"This page contains an error/warning message that may disclose sensitive information.The message can also contain the location of the file that produced the unhandled exception.
15762291
1577 The error messages may disclose sensitive information. This information can be used to launch further attacks.",,Review the source code for this script. The application need to show generic errors.,,
2292 The error messages may disclose sensitive information. This information can be used to launch further attacks.
2293 ",Review the source code for this script. The application need to show generic errors.,,
15782294 ,Apache httpOnly Cookie Disclosure,"El servidor Apache version 2.2.X hasta la 2.2.21 no restringe correctamente la informacion mostrada en la contrsuccion del error "" Bad Request "" (aka 400) permitiendo a un atacante obtener los parametros de HTTPOnly.
1579 Datos: http://fd.the-wildcat.de/apache_e36a9cf46c.php",,Actualizar el apache. La version 2.2.22 es la primer version que soluciona este problema.,,
1580 ,Input Password with Autocomplete Enable,"Autocomplete allows the browser to predict the value. When a user starts to type in a field, the browser should display options to fill in the field, based on earlier typed values. If an attacker gain access to a computer its possible of get credentials back.",,"You should include the attribute Autocomplete OFF:
2295 Datos: http://fd.the-wildcat.de/apache_e36a9cf46c.php
2296 ",Actualizar el apache. La version 2.2.22 es la primer version que soluciona este problema.,,
2297 ,Input Password with Autocomplete Enable,"Autocomplete allows the browser to predict the value. When a user starts to type in a field, the browser should display options to fill in the field, based on earlier typed values. If an attacker gain access to a computer its possible of get credentials back.
2298 ","You should include the attribute Autocomplete OFF:
15812299 <INPUT TYPE=""password"" AUTOCOMPLETE=""off"">",Low,
1582 ,Backup Files,"Backup files can contain script sources, configuration files or other sensitive information that may help an malicious user to prepare more advanced attacks",,"Remove the file(s) if they are not required on your website. As an additional step, it is recommended to implement a security policy within your organization to disallow creation of backup files in directories accessible from the web.",,
1583 ,Sesintive directory,"A possible sensitive directory has been found. This directory is not directly linked from the website.This check looks for common sensitive resources like backup directories, database dumps, administration pages, temporary directories. Each one of these directories could help an attacker to learn more about his target.",,,,
1584 ,Slow HTTP Denial of Service Attack,"Slowloris and Slow HTTP POST DoS attacks rely on the fact that the HTTP protocol, by design, requires requests to be completely received by the server before they are processed. If an HTTP request is not complete, or if the transfer rate is very low, the server keeps its resources busy waiting for the rest of the data. If the server keeps too many resources busy, this creates a denial of service.",,It's important to configure the timout values on the Webserver. Here is a link to a guide on how to prevent this kind of attack: https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/11/02/how-to-protect-against-slow-http-attacks,Medium,
1585 ,Clickjacking,"It might be possible for a web page controlled by an attacker to load the content of this response within an iframe on the attacker's page. This may enable a ""clickjacking"" attack, in which the attacker's page overlays the target application's interface with a different interface provided by the attacker. By inducing victim users to perform actions such as mouse clicks and keystrokes, the attacker can cause them to unwittingly carry out actions within the application that is being targeted. This technique allows the attacker to circumvent defenses against cross-site request forgery, and may result in unauthorized actions. Ref:http://javascript.info/tutorial/clickjacking",,"To effectively prevent framing attacks, the application should return a response header with the name X-Frame-Options and the value DENY to prevent framing altogether, or the value SAMEORIGIN to allow framing only by pages on the same origin as the response itself.",Low,
2300 ,Backup Files,"Backup files can contain script sources, configuration files or other sensitive information that may help an malicious user to prepare more advanced attacks
2301 ","Remove the file(s) if they are not required on your website. As an additional step, it is recommended to implement a security policy within your organization to disallow creation of backup files in directories accessible from the web.",,
2302 ,Sesintive directory,"A possible sensitive directory has been found. This directory is not directly linked from the website.This check looks for common sensitive resources like backup directories, database dumps, administration pages, temporary directories. Each one of these directories could help an attacker to learn more about his target.
2303 ",,,
2304 ,Slow HTTP Denial of Service Attack,"Slowloris and Slow HTTP POST DoS attacks rely on the fact that the HTTP protocol, by design, requires requests to be completely received by the server before they are processed. If an HTTP request is not complete, or if the transfer rate is very low, the server keeps its resources busy waiting for the rest of the data. If the server keeps too many resources busy, this creates a denial of service.
2305 ",It's important to configure the timout values on the Webserver. Here is a link to a guide on how to prevent this kind of attack: https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/11/02/how-to-protect-against-slow-http-attacks,Medium,
2306 ,Clickjacking,"It might be possible for a web page controlled by an attacker to load the content of this response within an iframe on the attacker's page. This may enable a ""clickjacking"" attack, in which the attacker's page overlays the target application's interface with a different interface provided by the attacker. By inducing victim users to perform actions such as mouse clicks and keystrokes, the attacker can cause them to unwittingly carry out actions within the application that is being targeted. This technique allows the attacker to circumvent defenses against cross-site request forgery, and may result in unauthorized actions. Ref:http://javascript.info/tutorial/clickjacking
2307 ","To effectively prevent framing attacks, the application should return a response header with the name X-Frame-Options and the value DENY to prevent framing altogether, or the value SAMEORIGIN to allow framing only by pages on the same origin as the response itself.",Low,
15862308 ,OPTIONS method is enabled,"HTTP OPTIONS method is enabled on this web server. The OPTIONS method provides a list of the methods that are supported by the web server, it represents a request for information about the communication options available on the request/response chain identified by the Request-URI.
1587 The OPTIONS method may expose sensitive information that may help an malicious user to prepare more advanced attacks.",,It's recommended to disable OPTIONS Method on the web server.,Low,
2309 The OPTIONS method may expose sensitive information that may help an malicious user to prepare more advanced attacks.
2310 ",It's recommended to disable OPTIONS Method on the web server.,Low,
15882311 ,TLS1/SSLv3 Renegotiation Vulnerability,"A vulnerability in the way SSL and TLS protocols allow renegotiation requests may allow an attacker to inject plaintext into an application protocol stream. This could result in a situation where the attacker may be able to issue commands to the server that appear to be coming from a legitimate source. This issue affects SSL version 3.0 and newer and TLS version 1.0 and newer.
1589 A remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to inject an arbitrary amount of chosen plaintext into the beginning of the application protocol stream. This could allow and attacker to issue HTTP requests, or take action impersonating the user, among other consequences.",,http://www.g-sec.lu/practicaltls.pdf,,
1590 ,Email address found,One or more email addresses have been found on this page. The majority of spam comes from email addresses harvested off the internet. The spam-bots (also known as email harvesters and email extractors) are programs that scour the internet looking for email addresses on any website they come across. Spambot programs look for strings like [email protected] and then record any addresses found.,,,,
1591 ,File Inclusion,It is possible for a remote attacker to include a file from local or remote resources and/or execute arbitrary script code with the privileges of the webserver.,,"Edit the source code to ensure that input is properly validated. Where is possible, it is recommended to make a list of accepted filenames and restrict the input to that list.
2312 A remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to inject an arbitrary amount of chosen plaintext into the beginning of the application protocol stream. This could allow and attacker to issue HTTP requests, or take action impersonating the user, among other consequences.
2313 ",http://www.g-sec.lu/practicaltls.pdf,,
2314 ,Email address found,"One or more email addresses have been found on this page. The majority of spam comes from email addresses harvested off the internet. The spam-bots (also known as email harvesters and email extractors) are programs that scour the internet looking for email addresses on any website they come across. Spambot programs look for strings like [email protected] and then record any addresses found.
2315 ",,,
2316 ,File Inclusion,"It is possible for a remote attacker to include a file from local or remote resources and/or execute arbitrary script code with the privileges of the webserver.
2317 ","Edit the source code to ensure that input is properly validated. Where is possible, it is recommended to make a list of accepted filenames and restrict the input to that list.
15922318
15932319 For PHP, the option allow_url_fopen would normally allow a programmer to open, include or otherwise use a remote file using a URL rather than a local file path. It is recommended to disable this option from php.ini.",,
15942320 ,User Credentials Sent in Clear Text,"Vulnerability description
15952321 User credentials are transmitted over an unencrypted channel. This information should always be transferred via an encrypted channel (HTTPS) to avoid being intercepted by malicious users.
15962322
15972323 The impact of this vulnerability
1598 A third party may be able to read the user credentials by intercepting an unencrypted HTTP connection.",,"Because user credentials are considered sensitive information, should always be transferred to the server over an encrypted connection (HTTPS).",,
2324 A third party may be able to read the user credentials by intercepting an unencrypted HTTP connection.
2325 ","Because user credentials are considered sensitive information, should always be transferred to the server over an encrypted connection (HTTPS).",,
15992326 ,URL Redirection,"This script is possibly vulnerable to URL redirection attacks.
16002327
16012328 URL redirection is sometimes used as a part of phishing attacks that confuse visitors about which web site they are visiting.
16022329
16032330 The impact of this vulnerability
1604 A remote attacker can redirect users from your website to a specified URL. This problem may assist an attacker to conduct phishing attacks, trojan distribution, spammers.",,Your script should properly sanitize user input.,,
1605 ,Microsoft IIS tilde directory enumeration,"It is possible to detect short names of files and directories which have an 8.3 file naming scheme equivalent in Windows by using some vectors in several versions of Microsoft IIS. For instance, it is possible to detect all short-names of "".aspx"" files as they have 4 letters in their extensions. This can be a major issue especially for the .Net websites which are vulnerable to direct URL access as an attacker can find important files and folders that they are not normally visible.",,There is a way to disable Windows 8.3 short name creation.You can create a registry key named NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreation in HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlFileSystem and set it to 1. That should disable short names creation. Refer to this Microsoft TechNet article to read more about the solution.,,
2331 A remote attacker can redirect users from your website to a specified URL. This problem may assist an attacker to conduct phishing attacks, trojan distribution, spammers.
2332 ",Your script should properly sanitize user input.,,
2333 ,Microsoft IIS tilde directory enumeration,"It is possible to detect short names of files and directories which have an 8.3 file naming scheme equivalent in Windows by using some vectors in several versions of Microsoft IIS. For instance, it is possible to detect all short-names of "".aspx"" files as they have 4 letters in their extensions. This can be a major issue especially for the .Net websites which are vulnerable to direct URL access as an attacker can find important files and folders that they are not normally visible.
2334 ",There is a way to disable Windows 8.3 short name creation.You can create a registry key named NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreation in HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlFileSystem and set it to 1. That should disable short names creation. Refer to this Microsoft TechNet article to read more about the solution.,,
16062335 ,SQL Injection,"SQL injection is a vulnerability that allows an attacker to alter back-end SQL statements by manipulating the user input. An SQL injection occurs when web applications accept user input that is directly placed into a SQL statement and doesn't properly filter out dangerous characters.
16072336
16082337 This is one of the most common application layer attacks currently being used on the Internet. Despite the fact that it is relatively easy to protect against, there is a large number of web applications vulnerable.
16112340
16122341 Depending on the back-end database in use, SQL injection vulnerabilities lead to varying levels of data/system access for the attacker. It may be possible to not only manipulate existing queries, but to UNION in arbitrary data, use sub selects, or append additional queries. In some cases, it may be possible to read in or write out to files, or to execute shell commands on the underlying operating system.
16132342
1614 Certain SQL Servers such as Microsoft SQL Server contain stored and extended procedures (database server functions). If an attacker can obtain access to these procedures it may be possible to compromise the entire machine.",,"Your script should filter metacharacters from user input.
2343 Certain SQL Servers such as Microsoft SQL Server contain stored and extended procedures (database server functions). If an attacker can obtain access to these procedures it may be possible to compromise the entire machine.
2344 ","Your script should filter metacharacters from user input.
16152345 Check detailed information for more information about fixing this vulnerability.
16162346 Detailed information",,
1617 ,ASP.NET debugging enabled,"ASP.NET debugging is enabled on this application. It is recommended to disable debug mode before deploying a production application. By default, debugging is disabled, and although debugging is frequently enabled to troubleshoot a problem, it is also frequently not disabled again after the problem is resolved.",,"It may be possible to disclose sensitive information about the web sever the ASP.NET application.
2347 ,ASP.NET debugging enabled,"ASP.NET debugging is enabled on this application. It is recommended to disable debug mode before deploying a production application. By default, debugging is disabled, and although debugging is frequently enabled to troubleshoot a problem, it is also frequently not disabled again after the problem is resolved.
2348 ","It may be possible to disclose sensitive information about the web sever the ASP.NET application.
16182349 More information on how to fix it:
16192350 http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;815157",,
16202351 ,Unicode tranformation Issues,"This page is vulnerable to various Unicode transformation issues such as Best-Fit Mappings, Overlong byte sequences, Ill-formed sequences.
16302361 Ill-Formed Subsequences As REQUIRED by UNICODE 3.0, and noted in the Unicode Technical Report #36, if a leading byte is followed by an invalid successor byte, then it should NOT consume it.
16312362
16322363
1633 Software vulnerabilities arise when Best-Fit mappings occur. For example, characters can be manipulated to bypass string handling filters, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) or SQL Injection filters, WAF's, and IDS devices. Overlong UTF-8 sequence could be abused to bypass UTF-8 substring tests that look only for the shortest possible encoding.",,"Identiy the source of these Unicode transformation issues and fix them. Consult the web references bellow for more information.
2364 Software vulnerabilities arise when Best-Fit mappings occur. For example, characters can be manipulated to bypass string handling filters, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) or SQL Injection filters, WAF's, and IDS devices. Overlong UTF-8 sequence could be abused to bypass UTF-8 substring tests that look only for the shortest possible encoding.
2365 ","Identiy the source of these Unicode transformation issues and fix them. Consult the web references bellow for more information.
16342366 Links with more information:
16352367 http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-09/WEBER/BHUSA09-Weber-UnicodeSecurityPreview-PAPER.pdf
16362368 http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html
16382370 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/",,
16392371 ,File Upload XSS,"This script is possibly vulnerable to XSS (Cross-site scripting). The web application allows file upload and Acunetix WVS was able to upload a file containing HTML content. When HTML files are allowed, XSS payload can be injected in the file uploaded. Check Attack details for more information about this attack.
16402372
1641 Malicious users may inject JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML or Flash into a vulnerable application to fool a user in order to gather data from them. An attacker can steal the session cookie and take over the account, impersonating the user. It is also possible to modify the content of the page presented to the user.",,"Restrict file types accepted for upload: check the file extension and only allow certain files to be uploaded. Use a whitelist approach instead of a blacklist. Check for double extensions such as .php.png. Check for files without a filename like .htaccess (on ASP.NET, check for configuration files like web.config). Change the permissions on the upload folder so the files within it are not executable. If possible, rename the files that are uploaded.
2373 Malicious users may inject JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML or Flash into a vulnerable application to fool a user in order to gather data from them. An attacker can steal the session cookie and take over the account, impersonating the user. It is also possible to modify the content of the page presented to the user.
2374 ","Restrict file types accepted for upload: check the file extension and only allow certain files to be uploaded. Use a whitelist approach instead of a blacklist. Check for double extensions such as .php.png. Check for files without a filename like .htaccess (on ASP.NET, check for configuration files like web.config). Change the permissions on the upload folder so the files within it are not executable. If possible, rename the files that are uploaded.
16422375
16432376 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Unrestricted_File_Upload
16442377 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Stored_Cross_site_scripting_(OWASP-DV-002)",,
16452378 ,Possible virtual host found,"Virtual hosting is a method for hosting multiple domain names (with separate handling of each name) on a single server (or pool of servers). This allows one server to share its resources, such as memory and processor cycles, without requiring all services provided to use the same host name.
16462379
1647 This web server is responding differently when the Host header is manipulated and various common virtual hosts are tested. This could indicate there is a Virtual Host present.",,Consult the virtual host configuration and check if this virtual host should be publicly accessible,,
2380 This web server is responding differently when the Host header is manipulated and various common virtual hosts are tested. This could indicate there is a Virtual Host present.
2381 ",Consult the virtual host configuration and check if this virtual host should be publicly accessible,,
16482382 ,Host header attack,"An attacker can manipulate the Host header as seen by the web application and cause the application to behave in unexpected ways.
16492383 Developers often resort to the exceedingly untrustworthy HTTP Host header (_SERVER[""HTTP_HOST""] in PHP).
16502384 Even otherwise-secure applications trust this value enough to write it to the page without HTML-encoding it with code equivalent to:
16572391
16582392 <script src=""http://_SERVER['HOST']/misc/jquery.js?v=1.4.4""> (Various)
16592393
1660 Host header *********evilhostDx5oMrAd.com was reflected inside a A tag (href attribute).",,"The web application should use the SERVER_NAME instead of the Host header. It should also create a dummy vhost that catches all requests with unrecognized Host headers. This can also be done under Nginx by specifying a non-wildcard SERVER_NAME, and under Apache by using a non-wildcard serverName and turning the UseCanonicalName directive on. Consult references for detailed information.",,
2394 Host header *********evilhostDx5oMrAd.com was reflected inside a A tag (href attribute).
2395 ","The web application should use the SERVER_NAME instead of the Host header. It should also create a dummy vhost that catches all requests with unrecognized Host headers. This can also be done under Nginx by specifying a non-wildcard SERVER_NAME, and under Apache by using a non-wildcard serverName and turning the UseCanonicalName directive on. Consult references for detailed information.",,
16612396 ,jQuery cross site scripting,"This page is using an older version of jQuery that is vulnerable to a Cross Site Scripting vulnerability. Many sites are using to select elements using location.hash that allows someone to inject script into the page. This problem was fixed in jQuery 1.6.3 and up.
1662 Malicious users may inject JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML or Flash into a vulnerable application to fool a user in order to gather data from them. An attacker can steal the session cookie and take over the account, impersonating the user. It is also possible to modify the content of the page presented to the user.",,"Update to the latest version of jQuery.
2397 Malicious users may inject JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML or Flash into a vulnerable application to fool a user in order to gather data from them. An attacker can steal the session cookie and take over the account, impersonating the user. It is also possible to modify the content of the page presented to the user.
2398 ","Update to the latest version of jQuery.
16632399 More info: http://ma.la/jquery_xss/
16642400 http://blog.jquery.com/2011/09/01/jquery-1-6-3-released/",,
16652401 ,Login Page password-guessing attack,"A common threat web developers face is a password-guessing attack known as a brute force attack. A brute-force attack is an attempt to discover a password by systematically trying every possible combination of letters, numbers, and symbols until you discover the one correct combination that works.
16662402
16672403 This login page doesn't have any protection against password-guessing attacks (brute force attacks). It's recommended to implement some type of account lockout after a defined number of incorrect password attempts. Consult Web references for more information about fixing this problem.
16682404
1669 The scanner tested 10 invalid credentials and no account lockout was detected.",,"It's recommended to implement some type of account lockout after a defined number of incorrect password attempts.
2405 The scanner tested 10 invalid credentials and no account lockout was detected.
2406 ","It's recommended to implement some type of account lockout after a defined number of incorrect password attempts.
16702407 More info:
16712408 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Blocking_Brute_Force_Attacks",,
1672 ,Error page web server version disclosure,"By requesting a page that doesn't exist, an error page was returned. This error page contains the web server version number and a list of modules enabled on this server. This information can be used to conduct further attacks. Possible sensitive information disclosure.",,"If you are using Apache, you can setup a custom 404 page by following the instructions provided in the References section.",,
2409 ,Error page web server version disclosure,"By requesting a page that doesn't exist, an error page was returned. This error page contains the web server version number and a list of modules enabled on this server. This information can be used to conduct further attacks. Possible sensitive information disclosure.
2410 ","If you are using Apache, you can setup a custom 404 page by following the instructions provided in the References section.",,
16732411 ,SSL weak ciphers,"The remote host supports the use of SSL ciphers that offer either weak encryption or no encryption at all.
1674 This vulnerability affects Server.",,Reconfigure the affected application to avoid use of weak ciphers.,,
2412 This vulnerability affects Server.
2413 ",Reconfigure the affected application to avoid use of weak ciphers.,,
16752414 ,CRIME SSL/TLS attack,"Compression Ratio Info-leak Made Easy (CRIME) is a security exploit against secret web cookies over connections using the HTTPS and SPDY protocols that also use data compression. When used to recover the content of secret authentication cookies, it allows an attacker to perform session hijacking on an authenticated web session, allowing the launching of further attacks.
16762415
16772416 CRIME is a client-side attack, but the server can protect the client by refusing to use the feature combinations which can be attacked. For CRIME, the weakness is Deflate compression. This alert is issued if the server accepts Deflate compression.
16782417
1679 An attacker can perform session hijacking on an authenticated web session, allowing the launching of further attacks.",,"CRIME can be defeated by preventing the use of compression, either at the client end, by the browser disabling the compression of HTTPS requests, or by the website preventing the use of data compression on such transactions using the protocol negotiation features of the TLS protocol. As detailed in The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2, the client sends a list of compression algorithms in its ClientHello message, and the server picks one of them and sends it back in its ServerHello message. The server can only choose a compression method the client has offered, so if the client only offers 'none' (no compression), the data will not be compressed. Similarly, since 'no compression' must be allowed by all TLS clients, a server can always refuse to use compression.
2418 An attacker can perform session hijacking on an authenticated web session, allowing the launching of further attacks.
2419 ","CRIME can be defeated by preventing the use of compression, either at the client end, by the browser disabling the compression of HTTPS requests, or by the website preventing the use of data compression on such transactions using the protocol negotiation features of the TLS protocol. As detailed in The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2, the client sends a list of compression algorithms in its ClientHello message, and the server picks one of them and sends it back in its ServerHello message. The server can only choose a compression method the client has offered, so if the client only offers 'none' (no compression), the data will not be compressed. Similarly, since 'no compression' must be allowed by all TLS clients, a server can always refuse to use compression.
16802420
16812421 Web references
16822422 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRIME_(security_exploit)
16832423 http://isecpartners.com/blog/2012/september/details-on-the-crime-attack.aspx",,
16842424 ,Insecure transition from HTTPS to HTTP in form post,"This secure (https) page contains a form that is posting to an insecure (http) page. This could confuse users who may think their data is encrypted when in fact it's not.
1685 Impact: Possible information disclosure.",,The form target should point to a secure (https) page.,,
2425 Impact: Possible information disclosure.
2426 ",The form target should point to a secure (https) page.,,
16862427 ,TRACE method is enabled,"HTTP TRACE method is enabled on this web server. In the presence of other cross-domain vulnerabilities in web browsers, sensitive header information could be read from any domains that support the HTTP TRACE method.
16872428
1688 Attackers may abuse HTTP TRACE functionality to gain access to information in HTTP headers such as cookies and authentication data.",,"Disable TRACE Method on the web server.
2429 Attackers may abuse HTTP TRACE functionality to gain access to information in HTTP headers such as cookies and authentication data.
2430 ","Disable TRACE Method on the web server.
16892431
16902432 Web references
16912433 http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html
16922434 http://www.cgisecurity.com/lib/WH-WhitePaper_XST_ebook.pdf",,
1693 ,SSL certificate public key less than 2048 bit,"The product does not sufficiently filter code (control-plane) syntax from user-controlled input (data plane) when that input is used within code that the product generates.When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution",,"If you have any 1024-bit certificates or certificates with less than 2048-bit key length, you will need to migrate to 2048-bit key length.
2435 ,SSL certificate public key less than 2048 bit,"The product does not sufficiently filter code (control-plane) syntax from user-controlled input (data plane) when that input is used within code that the product generates.When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution
2436 ","If you have any 1024-bit certificates or certificates with less than 2048-bit key length, you will need to migrate to 2048-bit key length.
16942437
16952438 New Standard: https://www.cabforum.org/wp-content/uploads/Baseline_Requirements_V1.pdf",,
1696 ,Ruby on Rails CookieStore session cookie persistence,"Debido que las credenciales del usuario son considerados información confidencial, siempre debe ser transferido al servidor a través de una conexión segura (HTTPS).",,"Currently, there are no known upgrades or patches to correct this vulnerability. It is possible to temporarily mitigate the flaw by implementing the following workaround: switch to a more secure authentication management systems (e.g. ActiveRecordStore).",,
1697 ,Remote Code Execution - ms_08_067 netapi,"The product does not sufficiently filter code (control-plane) syntax from user-controlled input (data plane) when that input is used within code that the product generates.When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution",,,High,
1698 ,Windows Print Spooler Components Vulnerability - MS13-001,"The software performs operations on a memory buffer, but it can read from or write to a memory location that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer.Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.","Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
2439 ,Ruby on Rails CookieStore session cookie persistence,"Debido que las credenciales del usuario son considerados información confidencial, siempre debe ser transferido al servidor a través de una conexión segura (HTTPS).
2440 ","Currently, there are no known upgrades or patches to correct this vulnerability. It is possible to temporarily mitigate the flaw by implementing the following workaround: switch to a more secure authentication management systems (e.g. ActiveRecordStore).",,
2441 ,Remote Code Execution - ms_08_067 netapi,"The product does not sufficiently filter code (control-plane) syntax from user-controlled input (data plane) when that input is used within code that the product generates.When software allows a user's input to contain code syntax, it might be possible for an attacker to craft the code in such a way that it will alter the intended control flow of the software. Such an alteration could lead to arbitrary code execution
2442 ",,High,
2443 ,Windows Print Spooler Components Vulnerability - MS13-001,"The software performs operations on a memory buffer, but it can read from or write to a memory location that is outside of the intended boundary of the buffer.Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
2444 Certain languages allow direct addressing of memory locations and do not automatically ensure that these locations are valid for the memory buffer that is being referenced. This can cause read or write operations to be performed on memory locations that may be associated with other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
16992445 As a result, an attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code, alter the intended control flow, read sensitive information, or cause the system to crash.",,High,
1700 ,Android Debugging Activated,The Application has enabled Debugging in it's manifiest. This feature allows an attacker to debug native code and sensitive information could be retrived using this vector,,Set to false debuging features in production releases,,
1701 ,Flash Crossdomain policy,The application publishes a Flash cross-domain policy which allows access from any domain.,,The policy must include the domains which are allowed by the Flash cross-domain policy,Medium,
1702 ,Session Token in URL,The Session token is included in the URL. This could leak the session token,,Session tokens should only be included using safe channels,Medium,
2446 ,Android Debugging Activated,"The Application has enabled Debugging in it's manifiest. This feature allows an attacker to debug native code and sensitive information could be retrived using this vector
2447 ",Set to false debuging features in production releases,,
2448 ,Flash Crossdomain policy,"The application publishes a Flash cross-domain policy which allows access from any domain.
2449 ",The policy must include the domains which are allowed by the Flash cross-domain policy,Medium,
2450 ,Session Token in URL,"The Session token is included in the URL. This could leak the session token
2451 ",Session tokens should only be included using safe channels,Medium,
17032452 ,Insecure crossdomain.xml file,"The browser security model normally prevents web content from one domain from accessing data from another domain. This is commonly known as the ""same origin policy"". URL policy files grant cross-domain permissions for reading data. They permit operations that are not permitted by default. The URL policy file is located, by default, in the root directory of the target server, with the name crossdomain.xml (for example, at www.example.com/crossdomain.xml).
17042453
17052454 When a domain is specified in crossdomain.xml file, the site declares that it is willing to allow the operators of any servers in that domain to obtain any document on the server where the policy file resides. The crossdomain.xml file deployed on this website opens the server to all domains (use of a single asterisk ""*"" as a pure wildcard is supported) like so:
17082457 </cross-domain-policy>
17092458 This practice is suitable for public servers, but should not be used for sites located behind a firewall because it could permit access to protected areas. It should not be used for sites that require authentication in the form of passwords or cookies. Sites that use the common practice of authentication based on cookies to access private or user-specific data should be especially careful when using cross-domain policy files.
17102459
1711 Using an insecure cross-domain policy file could expose your site to various attacks.",,"Carefully evaluate which sites will be allowed to make cross-domain calls. Consider network topology and any authentication mechanisms that will be affected by the configuration or implementation of the cross-domain policy.
2460 Using an insecure cross-domain policy file could expose your site to various attacks.
2461 ","Carefully evaluate which sites will be allowed to make cross-domain calls. Consider network topology and any authentication mechanisms that will be affected by the configuration or implementation of the cross-domain policy.
17122462 ",Medium,
17132463 ,BREACH attack,"This web application is potentially vulnerable to the BREACH attack.
17142464 An attacker with the ability to:
17272477 The page content is served via HTTPS
17282478 The server is using HTTP-level compression
17292479 URL encoded GET input next was reflected into the HTTP response body.
1730 HTTP response body contains a secret named csrfmiddlewaretoken",,"The mitigations are ordered by effectiveness (not by their practicality - as this may differ from one application to another).
2480 HTTP response body contains a secret named csrfmiddlewaretoken
2481 ","The mitigations are ordered by effectiveness (not by their practicality - as this may differ from one application to another).
17312482
17322483 Disabling HTTP compression
17332484 Separating secrets from user input
17382489 Rate-limiting the requests
17392490
17402491 More information http://breachattack.com/",,
1741 ,Internal IP Address Disclosure,A string matching an internal IPv4 address was found on this page. This may disclose information about the IP addressing scheme of the internal network. This information can be used to conduct further attacks.,,Prevent this information from being displayed to the user,Low,
1742 ,ASP.NET MAC disabled,"By default, the serialized value is signed by the server to prevent tampering by the user; however, this behavior can be disabled by setting the Page.EnableViewStateMac property to false. If this is done, then an attacker can modify the contents of the ViewState and cause arbitrary data to be deserialized and processed by the server. If the ViewState contains any items that are critical to the server's processing of the request, then this may result in a security exposure.",,Set the Page.EnableViewStateMac property to true on any pages where the ViewState is not currently signed.,Low,
2492 ,Internal IP Address Disclosure,"A string matching an internal IPv4 address was found on this page. This may disclose information about the IP addressing scheme of the internal network. This information can be used to conduct further attacks.
2493 ",Prevent this information from being displayed to the user,Low,
2494 ,ASP.NET MAC disabled,"By default, the serialized value is signed by the server to prevent tampering by the user; however, this behavior can be disabled by setting the Page.EnableViewStateMac property to false. If this is done, then an attacker can modify the contents of the ViewState and cause arbitrary data to be deserialized and processed by the server. If the ViewState contains any items that are critical to the server's processing of the request, then this may result in a security exposure.
2495 ",Set the Page.EnableViewStateMac property to true on any pages where the ViewState is not currently signed.,Low,
+206
-119
data/cwe_es.csv less more
0 cwe,name,desc_summary,description,resolution,exploitation,references
1 ,Metadatos,"250+ Archivos conteniendo metadatos: Usuarios, Carpetas, fechas de edicion y modificacion, software usado, Direccion de impresoras locales",,"Datos privados son revelados a traves de los metadatos de documentos hosteados en el dominio (PDF, WORD). Datos como nombres de usuario, versiones de sistemas operativos, versiones de software utilizados, fechas y horas de cada modificacion del documento, direcciones de red de impresoras, etc. Se recomienda limpiar de metadatos documentos que luego seran publicados en internet",,
2 ,Session Cookie without Secure flag set,"La cookie no tiene la marca de ""Secure"". Esto instruye al navegador que dicha cookie puede ser solo accedida por canales SSL.",,Si es posible se deberia habilitar la flag Secure para esta cookie,Low,
3 ,Session Cookie without HttpOnly flag Set,"La cookie de sesion no esta marcada como HTTPOnly, cuando una cookie es marcada de esta manera da instruccion al navegador que esa cookie puede ser accedida solamente por el servdor y no por script del lado del cliente. Es una importante proteccion de seguridad para las cookies de sesion",,Si es posible se deberia habilitar la flag HTTPOnly para esta cookie,Low,
0 cwe,name,description,resolution,exploitation,references
1 ,Metadatos,"250+ Archivos conteniendo metadatos: Usuarios, Carpetas, fechas de edicion y modificacion, software usado, Direccion de impresoras locales
2 ","Datos privados son revelados a traves de los metadatos de documentos hosteados en el dominio (PDF, WORD). Datos como nombres de usuario, versiones de sistemas operativos, versiones de software utilizados, fechas y horas de cada modificacion del documento, direcciones de red de impresoras, etc. Se recomienda limpiar de metadatos documentos que luego seran publicados en internet",,
3 ,Session Cookie without Secure flag set,"La cookie no tiene la marca de ""Secure"". Esto instruye al navegador que dicha cookie puede ser solo accedida por canales SSL.
4 ",Si es posible se deberia habilitar la flag Secure para esta cookie,Low,
5 ,Session Cookie without HttpOnly flag Set,"La cookie de sesion no esta marcada como HTTPOnly, cuando una cookie es marcada de esta manera da instruccion al navegador que esa cookie puede ser accedida solamente por el servdor y no por script del lado del cliente. Es una importante proteccion de seguridad para las cookies de sesion
6 ",Si es posible se deberia habilitar la flag HTTPOnly para esta cookie,Low,
47 ,Apache httpd Remote Denial of Service,"* Alerta generada por el flag del servidor: ver: 2.2.15 *
5 Se ha detectado un problema en las versiones de apache 1.3.0, 2.0.x hasta 2.0.64 y 2.2.X hasta 2.2.19 que mediante una herramienta automatizada un atacante usand una moderada cantidad de request puede causar un uso significativo de memoria y CPU en el servidor. Datos: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2011/Aug/175.",,Actualizar version de apache,Medium,
6 ,Robots.txt,Robots.txt revela directorios sensibles. Un atacante busca directamente robots.txt para encontrar puntos desde donde comenzar su ataque.,,"Es conveniente manejar nombres de directorios que no describan el contenido, en especial en directorios sensibles. Por ejemplo en lugar de /setup o /app_data llamar al directorio /Dir_Code1. De esta manera no revelar a un atacante que clase de informacion contiene un directorio, que se intenta ocultar de los buscadores (mediante robots.txt)
8 Se ha detectado un problema en las versiones de apache 1.3.0, 2.0.x hasta 2.0.64 y 2.2.X hasta 2.2.19 que mediante una herramienta automatizada un atacante usand una moderada cantidad de request puede causar un uso significativo de memoria y CPU en el servidor. Datos: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2011/Aug/175.
9 ",Actualizar version de apache,Medium,
10 ,Robots.txt,"Robots.txt revela directorios sensibles. Un atacante busca directamente robots.txt para encontrar puntos desde donde comenzar su ataque.
11 ","Es conveniente manejar nombres de directorios que no describan el contenido, en especial en directorios sensibles. Por ejemplo en lugar de /setup o /app_data llamar al directorio /Dir_Code1. De esta manera no revelar a un atacante que clase de informacion contiene un directorio, que se intenta ocultar de los buscadores (mediante robots.txt)
712 Otra practica que se me ocurre es la utilizacion de parametros. Por ejemplo:
813 Disallow: /*AB/$
9 Esto desactivará cualquier carpeta que termine con ""AB"" por ejemplo /sourceAB/. Evitando pasar cualquier dato a un atacante y centralizando las carpetas sensibles y ocultandolas simplemente colocando ""AB"" al final.",Info,
10 ,Typical Login Web,"Archivo de Login nombrado de manera ""comun"".",,Esto facilita a los robots de ataque encontrar paginas sensibles. Se recomienda no usar nombres estandard para paginas de login.,,
11 ,Credenciales en Texto Plano,Las Credenciales de usuario son trasmitidas por un canal sin cifrar y puede ser interceptada.,,Es altamente recomendable que las paginas de login se fuerzen a usar SSL (https),Medium,
12 ,Parametro __VIEWSTATE sin encriptar,"El parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"" no esta encriptado. Para reducir las posibilidades que alguien intercepte informacion guardada en ViewState es bueno encriptarlo.",,"Se recomienda encriptar el parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"", para hacer esto se debe setear el tipo de validacion a 3DES. Editar Web.Config y agregar la siguiente linea bajo <system.web>
13 <machineKey validation=""3DES""/>",,
14 Esto desactivará cualquier carpeta que termine con ""AB"" por ejemplo /sourceAB/. Evitando pasar cualquier dato a un atacante y centralizando las carpetas sensibles y ocultandolas simplemente colocando ""AB"" al final.",Info,
15 ,Typical Login Web,"Archivo de Login nombrado de manera ""comun"".
16 ",Esto facilita a los robots de ataque encontrar paginas sensibles. Se recomienda no usar nombres estandard para paginas de login.,,
17 ,Credenciales en Texto Plano,"Las Credenciales de usuario son trasmitidas por un canal sin cifrar y puede ser interceptada.
18 ",Es altamente recomendable que las paginas de login se fuerzen a usar SSL (https),Medium,
19 ,Parametro __VIEWSTATE sin encriptar,"El parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"" no esta encriptado. Para reducir las posibilidades que alguien intercepte informacion guardada en ViewState es bueno encriptarlo.
20 ","Se recomienda encriptar el parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"", para hacer esto se debe setear el tipo de validacion a 3DES. Editar Web.Config y agregar la siguiente linea bajo <system.web>
21 <machineKey validation=""3DES""/>",,
1422 ,Insecure Captcha,"La resolucion del Captcha esta incluida en el mismo codigo:
1523
1624 <img id=""ctl01_mainContent_imgCaptcha"" src=""http://test-www.bancofalabella.com.co/Data/Sites/1/ImgTemp/ImageFormat_THHvB.png""
1826
1927 Siendo la respuesta THHvB
2028
21 Facilitando la manera de automatizar un script para atacar el form",,Se recomienda implementar un sistema de Captcha que la resolucion no se incluya en el codigo.,,
29 Facilitando la manera de automatizar un script para atacar el form
30 ",Se recomienda implementar un sistema de Captcha que la resolucion no se incluya en el codigo.,,
2231 ,"Mensaje de error de la aplicacion
23 (Application error message)","El server responde con mensajes de error internos que no deberián mostrarse, facilitando de esta manera informacion que puede ser sensible o util para un atacante. Pudiendo de esta manera obtener datos para mejorar su vector de ataque",,"Se recomienda deshabilitar los mensajes de error, para no proporcionar información de la tecnología o software implementado.
24
25 ",Low,
32 (Application error message)","El server responde con mensajes de error internos que no deberián mostrarse, facilitando de esta manera informacion que puede ser sensible o util para un atacante. Pudiendo de esta manera obtener datos para mejorar su vector de ataque
33 ","Se recomienda deshabilitar los mensajes de error, para no proporcionar información de la tecnología o software implementado.
34
35 ",Low,
2636 ,Apache httpOnly Cookie Disclosure,"El servidor Apache version 2.2.X hasta la 2.2.21 no restringe correctamente la informacion mostrada en la contrsuccion del error "" Bad Request "" (aka 400) permitiendo a un atacante obtener los parametros de HTTPOnly.
27 Datos: http://fd.the-wildcat.de/apache_e36a9cf46c.php",,Actualizar el apache. La version 2.2.22 es la primer version que soluciona este problema.,Medium,
28 ,Input de Contraseña con Autocompletar,"Un form de login con autocompletar sugiere un problema de seguridad, sobretodo para los usuarios que utilizan el servicio desde computadoras publicas.",,"Se recomienta establecer el input con Autocomplete OFF:
29 <INPUT TYPE=""password"" AUTOCOMPLETE=""off"">",Low,
30 ,Archivos de Backup,"Los archivos de Backup pueden contener codigo fuente de script, archivos de configuracion u otra informacion sensible que puede ayudar a un atacante a conocer el servidor y preparar ataques mas avanzados o especificos.",,Remover el/los archivo(s) si no son requeridos en el servidor en produccion. Como un paso adicional es recomendado implementar una politica de seguridad para no permitir la creacion de archivos de backup en directorios accesibles desde la web.,,
31 ,Possible sensitive directories,"Un posible directorio sensible fue encotnrado. Este directorio no esta directamente linkeado en el servidor Web.Se chekeo usando nombres comunes para directorios de configuracion, backups, bajadas de bases de datos, paginas de administracion, archivos temporales, etc. Usar nombres comunes de directorios para almacenar este tipo de informacion facilita a usuarios maliciosos buscar archivos sensibles.",,"Se recomienda llamar a estos directorios de manera no estandard, por ejemplo:
37 Datos: http://fd.the-wildcat.de/apache_e36a9cf46c.php
38 ",Actualizar el apache. La version 2.2.22 es la primer version que soluciona este problema.,Medium,
39 ,Input de Contraseña con Autocompletar,"Un form de login con autocompletar sugiere un problema de seguridad, sobretodo para los usuarios que utilizan el servicio desde computadoras publicas.
40 ","Se recomienta establecer el input con Autocomplete OFF:
41 <INPUT TYPE=""password"" AUTOCOMPLETE=""off"">",Low,
42 ,Archivos de Backup,"Los archivos de Backup pueden contener codigo fuente de script, archivos de configuracion u otra informacion sensible que puede ayudar a un atacante a conocer el servidor y preparar ataques mas avanzados o especificos.
43 ",Remover el/los archivo(s) si no son requeridos en el servidor en produccion. Como un paso adicional es recomendado implementar una politica de seguridad para no permitir la creacion de archivos de backup en directorios accesibles desde la web.,,
44 ,Possible sensitive directories,"Un posible directorio sensible fue encotnrado. Este directorio no esta directamente linkeado en el servidor Web.Se chekeo usando nombres comunes para directorios de configuracion, backups, bajadas de bases de datos, paginas de administracion, archivos temporales, etc. Usar nombres comunes de directorios para almacenar este tipo de informacion facilita a usuarios maliciosos buscar archivos sensibles.
45 ","Se recomienda llamar a estos directorios de manera no estandard, por ejemplo:
3246 config-->c0nfig05
3347 backup-->b4ccup
34 Aunque es aun mas recomendabl, de ser posible, no dejar directorios de backup, configuracion, etc accesibles directamente desde la web",,
35 ,Slow HTTP Denial of Service Attack,"Los ataques conocidos como ""Slowloris"" y ""Slow HTTP POST DoS"" se basan en el hecho de que el protocolo HTTP, por diseño, requiere que las consultas esten completamente recividas por el servidor antes de poder ser procesadas. Si la consulta HTTP no esta completa, o si la tranferencia es muy lenta, el servidor mantiene recursos ocupados esperando el resto de la informacion. Si el servidor mantiene demasiados recursos ocupados, esto crea una denegacion de servicio.",,Es importante establecer los tiempos de espera del servidor. Se adjunta link de recomendacion para evitar este tipo de ataques: https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/11/02/how-to-protect-against-slow-http-attacks,Medium,
36 ,Clickjacking,"No se encuentra ningún tipo de impedimento para evitar que la web sea embebida dentro de un iframe. Esta restricción es importante ya que un atacante podría engañar a un usuario autenticado a realizar operaciones mediante un engaño llamado Clickjacking donde la víctima se le presenta una web, posiblemente con algun juego, utilizando algunos engaños de interfaz la victima podria ser engañada a aprobar una venta. Ref:http://javascript.info/tutorial/clickjacking",,"Todos los browsers modernos son capaces de interpretar los valores seteados en X-Frame-Options, si los mismos son incluidos en el Header del servidor.",Low,
48 Aunque es aun mas recomendabl, de ser posible, no dejar directorios de backup, configuracion, etc accesibles directamente desde la web",,
49 ,Slow HTTP Denial of Service Attack,"Los ataques conocidos como ""Slowloris"" y ""Slow HTTP POST DoS"" se basan en el hecho de que el protocolo HTTP, por diseño, requiere que las consultas esten completamente recividas por el servidor antes de poder ser procesadas. Si la consulta HTTP no esta completa, o si la tranferencia es muy lenta, el servidor mantiene recursos ocupados esperando el resto de la informacion. Si el servidor mantiene demasiados recursos ocupados, esto crea una denegacion de servicio.
50 ",Es importante establecer los tiempos de espera del servidor. Se adjunta link de recomendacion para evitar este tipo de ataques: https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/11/02/how-to-protect-against-slow-http-attacks,Medium,
51 ,Clickjacking,"No se encuentra ningún tipo de impedimento para evitar que la web sea embebida dentro de un iframe. Esta restricción es importante ya que un atacante podría engañar a un usuario autenticado a realizar operaciones mediante un engaño llamado Clickjacking donde la víctima se le presenta una web, posiblemente con algun juego, utilizando algunos engaños de interfaz la victima podria ser engañada a aprobar una venta. Ref:http://javascript.info/tutorial/clickjacking
52 ","Todos los browsers modernos son capaces de interpretar los valores seteados en X-Frame-Options, si los mismos son incluidos en el Header del servidor.",Low,
3753 ,"XSS Cross Site Scripting
38 (Secuencias de comandos en sitios cruzados)","Es posible injectar tags html y código javascript malicioso, por una falta en la comprobación de los datos ingresados en los parameros. De esta forma, un atacante podría ejecutar código que le permita obtener las cookies del usuario atacado, y de esa forma, tomar control de su cuenta.",,"Recomendamos filtrar todos los parámetros en búsqueda de posibles injecciones, y escapar todos los datos de entrada que se vayan a mostrar en la respuesta.",High,
39 ,SSL 2.0 Obsolete Protocol,"El servicio remoto encripta el trafico utilizando una version obsoleta del protocolo SSL con errores y debilidades conocidas. Un atacante puede explotar estas vulneravilidades y conducir a un ataque de ""man in the middle"" o desencriptar la comunicaciones entre el servicio afectado y los clientes.",,Se recomienda desactivar SSL 2.0 y usar SSL 3.0 o TLS 1.0 en su lugar.,High,
40 ,"Metodo OPTIONS activado",El metodo HTTP OPTIONS esta activado en el servidor. El metodo OPTIONS provee una lista de los metodos que son soportados por el servidor web. El metodo OPTIONS puede exponer informasion sensible que puede ayudar a un usuario malicioso a preparar ataques mas avanzados,,Es recomendado desactivar el metodo OPTIONS en un servidor en produccion.,Low,
54 (Secuencias de comandos en sitios cruzados)","Es posible injectar tags html y código javascript malicioso, por una falta en la comprobación de los datos ingresados en los parameros. De esta forma, un atacante podría ejecutar código que le permita obtener las cookies del usuario atacado, y de esa forma, tomar control de su cuenta.
55 ","Recomendamos filtrar todos los parámetros en búsqueda de posibles injecciones, y escapar todos los datos de entrada que se vayan a mostrar en la respuesta.",High,
56 ,SSL 2.0 Obsolete Protocol,"El servicio remoto encripta el trafico utilizando una version obsoleta del protocolo SSL con errores y debilidades conocidas. Un atacante puede explotar estas vulneravilidades y conducir a un ataque de ""man in the middle"" o desencriptar la comunicaciones entre el servicio afectado y los clientes.
57 ",Se recomienda desactivar SSL 2.0 y usar SSL 3.0 o TLS 1.0 en su lugar.,High,
58 ,Metodo OPTIONS activado,"El metodo HTTP OPTIONS esta activado en el servidor. El metodo OPTIONS provee una lista de los metodos que son soportados por el servidor web. El metodo OPTIONS puede exponer informasion sensible que puede ayudar a un usuario malicioso a preparar ataques mas avanzados
59 ",Es recomendado desactivar el metodo OPTIONS en un servidor en produccion.,Low,
4160 ,TLS1/SSLv3 Renegotiation Vulnerability,"Una vulnerabilidad en la manera que el protocol SSL and TLS acepta pedidos renegociaciones pueden permitir a un atacante inyectar texto plano en ect plaintext into an application protocol stream. This could result in a situation where the attacker may be able to issue commands to the server that appear to be coming from a legitimate source. This issue affects SSL version 3.0 and newer and TLS version 1.0 and newer.
42 A remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to inject an arbitrary amount of chosen plaintext into the beginning of the application protocol stream. This could allow and attacker to issue HTTP requests, or take action impersonating the user, among other consequences.",,http://www.g-sec.lu/practicaltls.pdf,,
43 ,File Inclusion,Es posible que un atacante remoto incluya un archivo de recursos locales o remotos y / o la ejecución de código de script arbitrario con los privilegios del servidor web.,,"Editar el código fuente para asegurarse de que la entrada esté correctamente validada. Cuando es posible, se recomienda hacer una lista de nombres de archivos aceptados y restringir la entrada a la lista.
44
45 En PHP, la opción allow_url_fopen normalmente permite a un programador para abrir, incluir o utilizan de alguna manera un archivo remoto a través de una URL en lugar de una ruta de archivo local. Se recomienda desactivar esta opción de php.ini.",,
46 CWE-319,"Credenciales enviadas por un canal en texto plano","Las credenciales de usuario se transmiten sobre un canal sin cifrar. Esta información siempre debe ser transferida a través de un canal cifrado (HTTPS) para evitar ser interceptados por usuarios maliciosos.
47
48 Una tercera persona puede ser capaz de leer las credenciales de usuario mediante la interceptación de una conexión no cifrada de HTTP.",,"Debido que las credenciales del usuario son considerados información confidencial, siempre debe ser transferido al servidor a través de una conexión segura (HTTPS).",Medium,
61 A remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to inject an arbitrary amount of chosen plaintext into the beginning of the application protocol stream. This could allow and attacker to issue HTTP requests, or take action impersonating the user, among other consequences.
62 ",http://www.g-sec.lu/practicaltls.pdf,,
63 ,File Inclusion,"Es posible que un atacante remoto incluya un archivo de recursos locales o remotos y / o la ejecución de código de script arbitrario con los privilegios del servidor web.
64 ","Editar el código fuente para asegurarse de que la entrada esté correctamente validada. Cuando es posible, se recomienda hacer una lista de nombres de archivos aceptados y restringir la entrada a la lista.
65
66 En PHP, la opción allow_url_fopen normalmente permite a un programador para abrir, incluir o utilizan de alguna manera un archivo remoto a través de una URL en lugar de una ruta de archivo local. Se recomienda desactivar esta opción de php.ini.",,
67 CWE-319,Credenciales enviadas por un canal en texto plano,"Las credenciales de usuario se transmiten sobre un canal sin cifrar. Esta información siempre debe ser transferida a través de un canal cifrado (HTTPS) para evitar ser interceptados por usuarios maliciosos.
68
69 Una tercera persona puede ser capaz de leer las credenciales de usuario mediante la interceptación de una conexión no cifrada de HTTP.
70 ","Debido que las credenciales del usuario son considerados información confidencial, siempre debe ser transferido al servidor a través de una conexión segura (HTTPS).",Medium,
4971 ,URL Redirection,"Este script es vulnerable a los ataques de redireccion por URL
5072
51 La redireccion por URL es comunmente usado para pishing y suplantacion de identidad, ya que confunde al usuario a que sitio esta ingresando realmente. Un atacante puede redireccionar una visita desde un sitio valido hasta un servidor preparado por el, para poder hacer ataques como por ejemplo de pishin o distribucion de malware.",,"El script debe filtrar los sitios destinos del redirect, manteniendolo siempre dentro de los dominios validos.",,
52 ,Apache Server Status Enabled,"Server Status es una opcion de debug que muestra informacion sensible del servidor, como numero de peticiones, url de las peticiones, uso de memoria, threads, etc",,"Es recomendable desactivar esta opcion en servidores en produccion, o de ser necesaria la utilizacion de la misma, securizar la carpeta con contraseña o renombrarla para que no sea de facil ubicacion",,
53 ,Microsoft IIS tilde directory enumeration,"Es posible detectar nombres cortos de archivosy directorios cuyo nombrado sea en formato 8.3 en Windows usando vectores en varias versiones de Microsoft IIS. For instance, it is possible to detect all short-names of "".aspx"" files as they have 4 letters in their extensions. This can be a major issue especially for the .Net websites which are vulnerable to direct URL access as an attacker can find important files and folders that they are not normally visible.",,There is a way to disable Windows 8.3 short name creation.You can create a registry key named NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreation in HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlFileSystem and set it to 1. That should disable short names creation. Refer to this Microsoft TechNet article to read more about the solution.,,
54 ,SQL Injection,"Debido al incorrecto filtrado de parámetros es posible ejecutar comandos SQL en la base de datos situada en el servidor mediante manipulación de parámetros. Un atacante podría utilizar esta técnica para extraer/modificar/eliminar el contenido de la base de datos, el único limitante son los privilegios del usuario utilizado por la web application aunque en muchos casos es posible, gracias a una inyeccion de SQL, es posible catapultar un acceso al sistema operativo.",,"Se debe modificar la aplicación para filtrar caracteres en los campos de input antes de ser enviados como consulta al servidor de base de datos.
73 La redireccion por URL es comunmente usado para pishing y suplantacion de identidad, ya que confunde al usuario a que sitio esta ingresando realmente. Un atacante puede redireccionar una visita desde un sitio valido hasta un servidor preparado por el, para poder hacer ataques como por ejemplo de pishin o distribucion de malware.
74 ","El script debe filtrar los sitios destinos del redirect, manteniendolo siempre dentro de los dominios validos.",,
75 ,Apache Server Status Enabled,"Server Status es una opcion de debug que muestra informacion sensible del servidor, como numero de peticiones, url de las peticiones, uso de memoria, threads, etc
76 ","Es recomendable desactivar esta opcion en servidores en produccion, o de ser necesaria la utilizacion de la misma, securizar la carpeta con contraseña o renombrarla para que no sea de facil ubicacion",,
77 ,Microsoft IIS tilde directory enumeration,"Es posible detectar nombres cortos de archivosy directorios cuyo nombrado sea en formato 8.3 en Windows usando vectores en varias versiones de Microsoft IIS. For instance, it is possible to detect all short-names of "".aspx"" files as they have 4 letters in their extensions. This can be a major issue especially for the .Net websites which are vulnerable to direct URL access as an attacker can find important files and folders that they are not normally visible.
78 ",There is a way to disable Windows 8.3 short name creation.You can create a registry key named NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreation in HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlFileSystem and set it to 1. That should disable short names creation. Refer to this Microsoft TechNet article to read more about the solution.,,
79 ,SQL Injection,"Debido al incorrecto filtrado de parámetros es posible ejecutar comandos SQL en la base de datos situada en el servidor mediante manipulación de parámetros. Un atacante podría utilizar esta técnica para extraer/modificar/eliminar el contenido de la base de datos, el único limitante son los privilegios del usuario utilizado por la web application aunque en muchos casos es posible, gracias a una inyeccion de SQL, es posible catapultar un acceso al sistema operativo.
80 ","Se debe modificar la aplicación para filtrar caracteres en los campos de input antes de ser enviados como consulta al servidor de base de datos.
5581 Es importante que se sigan buenas prácticas de programación, en todos los sitios desarrollados, y sobre todos los parámetros, y no solo sobre aquellos que sean vulnerables actualmente.
56 Guía de cómo evitar estos ataques (en inglés): https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Guide_to_SQL_Injection",Very High,
57 ,ASP.NET debugging enabled,"El modo depuracion de ASP.NET esta activado en el servidor. Es recomendado desactivar este modo en servidores en produccion. Por defecto en la instalacion de IIS este modo esta desactivado, si fue activado para diagnosticar errores es conveniente luego desactivarlo.",,"Es posible que el modo debug muestre datos sensibles del servidor.
82 Guía de cómo evitar estos ataques (en inglés): https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Guide_to_SQL_Injection",Very High,
83 ,ASP.NET debugging enabled,"El modo depuracion de ASP.NET esta activado en el servidor. Es recomendado desactivar este modo en servidores en produccion. Por defecto en la instalacion de IIS este modo esta desactivado, si fue activado para diagnosticar errores es conveniente luego desactivarlo.
84 ","Es posible que el modo debug muestre datos sensibles del servidor.
5885 Mas informacion de como desactivar el modo debug:
59 http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;es-us;815157",,
86 http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;es-us;815157",,
6087 ,Unicode tranfsormation Issues,"La pagina es vulnerable a varias tranformaciones de Unicode como ""Best-Fit Mappings"", ""Overlong byte sequences"" y ""Ill-formed sequences"".
6188 Best-Fit Mappings ocurre cuando el caracter X es tranformado por un totalmente diferente caracter Y. En general, best-fit mappings occure cuando el caracter es transcodeado entre Unicode y otro encodificado.
6289
7299 Ill-Formed Subsequences As REQUIRED by UNICODE 3.0, and noted in the Unicode Technical Report #36, if a leading byte is followed by an invalid successor byte, then it should NOT consume it.
73100
74101
75 Software vulnerabilities arise when Best-Fit mappings occur. For example, characters can be manipulated to bypass string handling filters, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) or SQL Injection filters, WAF's, and IDS devices. Overlong UTF-8 sequence could be abused to bypass UTF-8 substring tests that look only for the shortest possible encoding.",,"Se debe identificar el origen de esta tranformacion Unicode y reparar el problema. Se deja links a paginas con informacion:
102 Software vulnerabilities arise when Best-Fit mappings occur. For example, characters can be manipulated to bypass string handling filters, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) or SQL Injection filters, WAF's, and IDS devices. Overlong UTF-8 sequence could be abused to bypass UTF-8 substring tests that look only for the shortest possible encoding.
103 ","Se debe identificar el origen de esta tranformacion Unicode y reparar el problema. Se deja links a paginas con informacion:
76104 Links with more information:
77105 http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-09/WEBER/BHUSA09-Weber-UnicodeSecurityPreview-PAPER.pdf
78106 http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html
79107 http://sirdarckcat.blogspot.ro/2009/10/couple-of-unicode-issues-on-php-and.html
80 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/",,
108 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/",,
81109 ,"File Upload XSS
82110 (Subida dearchivo de secuencias de comandos de sitios curzados)","El Script es vulnerable a XSS (Cross-site scripting). La aplicacion permite la carga de archivos y se subio un archivo conteniendo lenguaje HTML. Cuando este tipo de archivos es permitido en la carga, Lugo se pueden ejecutar o linkear, mostrando codigo o acciones malociosas en dicha web.
83111
84 Usuarios maliciosos pueden inyectar: JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML o Flash en esta aplicacion vulnerable y engañar a un usuario para obtener informacion de el, tambien se puede robar datos de la sesion, asi como las cookies de la misma. Dependiendo del codigo que se pueda ejecutar, tambien se puede ganar acceso al wevidor web, archivos de configuracion o hasta ejecucion de binarios en el sistema operativo host.",,"Se deben restringir los tipos de archivos aceptados en el sistema de Carga: chekear la extension y solo aceptar ciertos tipos de archivos. Se recomienda una Whitelist en lugar de Un blacklist (es mejor especificar listado unico de extensiones permitidas, sobre un listado de denegadas). Tambien se debe chekear doble extensiones como .php.png. Chekear archivos sin nombre como "".htaccess"" (en ASP.NET, se debe chekear archivos de configuracion como web.config). Cambiar los permisos sobre la carpeta upload (de carga) para que los archivos no puedan ser ejecutados ahi. Si es posible, renombre los archivos que son subidos al servidor.
112 Usuarios maliciosos pueden inyectar: JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML o Flash en esta aplicacion vulnerable y engañar a un usuario para obtener informacion de el, tambien se puede robar datos de la sesion, asi como las cookies de la misma. Dependiendo del codigo que se pueda ejecutar, tambien se puede ganar acceso al wevidor web, archivos de configuracion o hasta ejecucion de binarios en el sistema operativo host.
113 ","Se deben restringir los tipos de archivos aceptados en el sistema de Carga: chekear la extension y solo aceptar ciertos tipos de archivos. Se recomienda una Whitelist en lugar de Un blacklist (es mejor especificar listado unico de extensiones permitidas, sobre un listado de denegadas). Tambien se debe chekear doble extensiones como .php.png. Chekear archivos sin nombre como "".htaccess"" (en ASP.NET, se debe chekear archivos de configuracion como web.config). Cambiar los permisos sobre la carpeta upload (de carga) para que los archivos no puedan ser ejecutados ahi. Si es posible, renombre los archivos que son subidos al servidor.
85114 Links con mas informacion:
86115 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Unrestricted_File_Upload
87 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Stored_Cross_site_scripting_(OWASP-DV-002)",,
116 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Stored_Cross_site_scripting_(OWASP-DV-002)",,
88117 ,jQuery cross site scripting,"Esta pagina esta usando una version obsoleta de jQuery la cual es vulnerable a Cross Site Scripting. Muchos sitios estan utilisando la seleccion de elementos usando location.hash lo que permite la ejecucion de scripts en la pagina. El problema fue solucionado en la vercion jQuery 1.6.3 o superior.
89 Usuarios malociosos pueden inyectar JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML o Flash en la aplicacion vulnerable, pudiendo asi engañar a un usuario para sacarle informacion sensible.",,"Update to the latest version of jQuery.
118 Usuarios malociosos pueden inyectar JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, HTML o Flash en la aplicacion vulnerable, pudiendo asi engañar a un usuario para sacarle informacion sensible.
119 ","Update to the latest version of jQuery.
90120 More info: http://ma.la/jquery_xss/
91 http://blog.jquery.com/2011/09/01/jquery-1-6-3-released/",,
121 http://blog.jquery.com/2011/09/01/jquery-1-6-3-released/",,
92122 ,Host Header Attack,"Un atacante puede manipular el header Host y causar que la aplicacion se comporte de maneras inesperadas. Programadores aveces creen en el header host y programas el codigo basado en el: (_SERVER[""HTTP_HOST""] in PHP). Esto tambien se refleja en portales como joombla o wordpress donde los plugins y ejecucion de script, ejemplos:
93123
94124 <link href=""http://_SERVER['HOST']"" (Joomla)
96126 ...haciendo un apend de keys secretas y tokens:
97127 <a href=""http://_SERVER['HOST']?token=topsecret""> (Django, Gallery y otros)
98128 ....e importante directamente scripts:
99 <script src=""http://_SERVER['HOST']/misc/jquery.js?v=1.4.4""> (Various)",,"La aplicacion web deberia usar una variable ""SERVER_NAME"" en lugar de basarse en le Host header.",High,
129 <script src=""http://_SERVER['HOST']/misc/jquery.js?v=1.4.4""> (Various)
130 ","La aplicacion web deberia usar una variable ""SERVER_NAME"" en lugar de basarse en le Host header.",High,
100131 ,Login Page password-guessing attack,"Un problema común con el que se encuentran los programadores web son los ataques de fuerza bruta de logins. Un ataque de fuerza bruta es un intento de adivinar la contraseña por sistemáticamente probar todas las posibles combinaciones de números, letras y símbolos hasta descubrir la convencional correcta. Este ataque se mejora utilizando diccionarios con palabras comunes y combinaciones de las mismas
101132
102 Esta pagina de Login no tiene ninguna protección contra este ataque ya que se probaron 20 logins inválidos y el servidor no bloqueo el acceso para seguir intentando. Tampoco dispone de ninguna protección para evitar los intentos de login automáticos (como un captcha).",,"Es recomendable implementar algun tipo de bloqueo de intentos de login tras un numero de fallos en los intentos.
133 Esta pagina de Login no tiene ninguna protección contra este ataque ya que se probaron 20 logins inválidos y el servidor no bloqueo el acceso para seguir intentando. Tampoco dispone de ninguna protección para evitar los intentos de login automáticos (como un captcha).
134 ","Es recomendable implementar algun tipo de bloqueo de intentos de login tras un numero de fallos en los intentos.
103135 Mas información:
104 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Blocking_Brute_Force_Attacks",,
105 ,Error page web server version disclosure (Pagina de error mostrando version de servidor ),Pidiendo una pagina que no existe el servidor responde con un error. En esta pagina de error se encuentran datos que contienen version del servidor web y/o modulos activados en este. Dicha informacion puede ser usada para mejorar las tacticas del atacante sabiendo a que se enfrenta,,Se debe configurar paginas de error customizadas evitando mostrar esta informacion.,Low,
136 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Blocking_Brute_Force_Attacks",,
137 ,Error page web server version disclosure (Pagina de error mostrando version de servidor ),"Pidiendo una pagina que no existe el servidor responde con un error. En esta pagina de error se encuentran datos que contienen version del servidor web y/o modulos activados en este. Dicha informacion puede ser usada para mejorar las tacticas del atacante sabiendo a que se enfrenta
138 ",Se debe configurar paginas de error customizadas evitando mostrar esta informacion.,Low,
106139 ,Weak SSL,"El servidor esta utiizando un cifrado SSL dèbil.
107140
108141 Weak SSL ciphers (SSL2 on port 443):
127160 TLS1_CK_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA - Low strength
128161 TLS1_CK_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA - Low strength
129162 TLS1_CK_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA - Low strength
130 TLS1_CK_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA - Low strength",,Reconfigurar el servidor para encriptado mas fuerte.,,
163 TLS1_CK_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA - Low strength
164 ",Reconfigurar el servidor para encriptado mas fuerte.,,
131165 ,CRIME SSL/TLS attack,"Compression Ratio Info-leak Made Easy (CRIME) es un exploit contra las cookies secretas del servidor sobre conexiones usando protocolos HTTPS y SPDY que tambien esten usando compresion de datos. Cuando se recupera el contenido de la cookie de autentificacion, permite a un atacante robar la sesion, permitiendo iniciar otros ataques.
132166
133 CRIME es un ataque del lado cliente, pero el servidor puede proteger al cliente rechazando la combinacion de estas opciones. Para CRIME, la debilidad es la compresion Deflate.",,"CRIME puede ser combatido previniendo el uso de compresion, tanto del lado del cliente, desactivando la compresion de las peticiones HTTPS, o del lado del servidor previniendo el uso de compresion de datos en las transacciones que utilicen el protocolo TLS.
167 CRIME es un ataque del lado cliente, pero el servidor puede proteger al cliente rechazando la combinacion de estas opciones. Para CRIME, la debilidad es la compresion Deflate.
168 ","CRIME puede ser combatido previniendo el uso de compresion, tanto del lado del cliente, desactivando la compresion de las peticiones HTTPS, o del lado del servidor previniendo el uso de compresion de datos en las transacciones que utilicen el protocolo TLS.
134169
135170 Referencias WEB.
136171 http://blogs.cisco.com/security/breach-crime-and-blackhat/
137172 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRIME_(security_exploit)
138 http://isecpartners.com/blog/2012/september/details-on-the-crime-attack.aspx",High,
139 ,Transaccion Insegura de HTTPS a HTTP en el form POST,La pagina segura (https) contiene un form que realiza el post sobre una pagina insegura (http). Esto puede confundir al usuario y hacerle creer que su datos son enviados encriptados cuando en realidad no.,,El destino del FORM debe apuntar a una pagina segura (https),,
173 http://isecpartners.com/blog/2012/september/details-on-the-crime-attack.aspx",High,
174 ,Transaccion Insegura de HTTPS a HTTP en el form POST,"La pagina segura (https) contiene un form que realiza el post sobre una pagina insegura (http). Esto puede confundir al usuario y hacerle creer que su datos son enviados encriptados cuando en realidad no.
175 ",El destino del FORM debe apuntar a una pagina segura (https),,
140176 ,Trace Method is Enabled (Metodo TRACE activado),"El metodo Trace esta habilitado en el servidor. En precencia de otras vulnerabilidades cross-domain en los navegadores web, informacion sensible del campo header puede ser leida desde cualquier dominio que soporte metodo HTTP TRACE.
141177
142 Un atacante poria abusar de la funcionabilidad HTTP TRACE para ganar acceso a la informacion de los headers HTTP como las cookies y datos de autenticacion.",,"Se recomienda desactivar el metodo TRACE en el servidor web.
178 Un atacante poria abusar de la funcionabilidad HTTP TRACE para ganar acceso a la informacion de los headers HTTP como las cookies y datos de autenticacion.
179 ","Se recomienda desactivar el metodo TRACE en el servidor web.
143180
144181 Referencias WEB:
145182 http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html
146 http://www.cgisecurity.com/lib/WH-WhitePaper_XST_ebook.pdf",Low,
183 http://www.cgisecurity.com/lib/WH-WhitePaper_XST_ebook.pdf",Low,
147184 ,Public Key SSL < 2048 bits (Certificado de llave Publica SSL menor de 2048 Bits),"El certificado SSL usado por el servidor contiene una llave publica de menos de 2048 bits de largo
148185
149 Los nuevos estandares de de la Industria de Certificados para SSL (SSL Certificates Industry) seteados por Certification Authority/Browser (CA/B) Forum requiere que los certificados expedidos despues de enero 1 del 2014. Deben ser al menos de 2048-bit largo. Con el incremento del poder de procesamiento de las computadoras, cualquier certificado menor de 2048-bit es riesgoso de ser comprometido por personas mal intecionadas con poder de procesamiento.",,"Si se tiene cualquier certificado de 1024-bito certificados con menos de 2048-bit de largo, sera necesario que se migre a 2048-bit.
150
151 New Standard: https://www.cabforum.org/wp-content/uploads/Baseline_Requirements_V1.pdf",,
152 ,Ruby on Rails CookieStore session cookie persistence,"Ruby on Rails contiene un fallo en su diseño que podria permitir a atacantes facilitar el acceso a las aplicaciones. El problema esta en mecanicsmo de la CookieStore en guardar la cookie en el lado del cliente, mientras no guarda la entrada correspondiente en el lado del servidor. Cuando la aplicacion termina la sesion, Ruby on Rails no tiene manera de trackear esto y verdaderamente invalidad la cookie con la configuracion por defecto. Esto significa que persiste ""de por vida"" y puede ser usada para acceder a aplicaciones inclusive cuando se piensa que se termino la sesion.",,"Actualmente, no se conocen actualizaciones o parches para corregir esta vulnerabilidad. Si es posible migrar temporalmente implementando un sistema de autenticacion mas seguro (e.g. ActiveRecordStore).",,
153 ,Metadatos,"250+ Archivos conteniendo metadatos: Usuarios, Carpetas, fechas de edicion y modificacion, software usado, Direccion de impresoras locales",,"Datos privados son revelados a traves de los metadatos de documentos hosteados en el dominio (PDF, WORD). Datos como nombres de usuario, versiones de sistemas operativos, versiones de software utilizados, fechas y horas de cada modificacion del documento, direcciones de red de impresoras, etc. Se recomienda limpiar de metadatos documentos que luego seran publicados en internet",,
154 ,Robots.txt,Robots.txt revela directorios sensibles. Un atacante busca directamente robots.txt para encontrar puntos desde donde comenzar su ataque.,,"Es conveniente manejar nombres de directorios que no describan el contenido, en especial en directorios sensibles. Por ejemplo en lugar de /setup o /app_data llamar al directorio /Dir_Code1. De esta manera no revelar a un atacante que clase de informacion contiene un directorio, que se intenta ocultar de los buscadores (mediante robots.txt)
186 Los nuevos estandares de de la Industria de Certificados para SSL (SSL Certificates Industry) seteados por Certification Authority/Browser (CA/B) Forum requiere que los certificados expedidos despues de enero 1 del 2014. Deben ser al menos de 2048-bit largo. Con el incremento del poder de procesamiento de las computadoras, cualquier certificado menor de 2048-bit es riesgoso de ser comprometido por personas mal intecionadas con poder de procesamiento.
187 ","Si se tiene cualquier certificado de 1024-bito certificados con menos de 2048-bit de largo, sera necesario que se migre a 2048-bit.
188
189 New Standard: https://www.cabforum.org/wp-content/uploads/Baseline_Requirements_V1.pdf",,
190 ,Ruby on Rails CookieStore session cookie persistence,"Ruby on Rails contiene un fallo en su diseño que podria permitir a atacantes facilitar el acceso a las aplicaciones. El problema esta en mecanicsmo de la CookieStore en guardar la cookie en el lado del cliente, mientras no guarda la entrada correspondiente en el lado del servidor. Cuando la aplicacion termina la sesion, Ruby on Rails no tiene manera de trackear esto y verdaderamente invalidad la cookie con la configuracion por defecto. Esto significa que persiste ""de por vida"" y puede ser usada para acceder a aplicaciones inclusive cuando se piensa que se termino la sesion.
191 ","Actualmente, no se conocen actualizaciones o parches para corregir esta vulnerabilidad. Si es posible migrar temporalmente implementando un sistema de autenticacion mas seguro (e.g. ActiveRecordStore).",,
192 ,Metadatos,"250+ Archivos conteniendo metadatos: Usuarios, Carpetas, fechas de edicion y modificacion, software usado, Direccion de impresoras locales
193 ","Datos privados son revelados a traves de los metadatos de documentos hosteados en el dominio (PDF, WORD). Datos como nombres de usuario, versiones de sistemas operativos, versiones de software utilizados, fechas y horas de cada modificacion del documento, direcciones de red de impresoras, etc. Se recomienda limpiar de metadatos documentos que luego seran publicados en internet",,
194 ,Robots.txt,"Robots.txt revela directorios sensibles. Un atacante busca directamente robots.txt para encontrar puntos desde donde comenzar su ataque.
195 ","Es conveniente manejar nombres de directorios que no describan el contenido, en especial en directorios sensibles. Por ejemplo en lugar de /setup o /app_data llamar al directorio /Dir_Code1. De esta manera no revelar a un atacante que clase de informacion contiene un directorio, que se intenta ocultar de los buscadores (mediante robots.txt)
155196 Otra practica que se me ocurre es la utilizacion de parametros. Por ejemplo:
156197 Disallow: /*AB/$
157 Esto desactivará cualquier carpeta que termine con ""AB"" por ejemplo /sourceAB/. Evitando pasar cualquier dato a un atacante y centralizando las carpetas sensibles y ocultandolas simplemente colocando ""AB"" al final.",,
158 ,Typical Login Web,"Archivo de Login nombrado de manera ""comun"".",,Esto facilita a los robots de ataque encontrar paginas sensibles. Se recomienda no usar nombres estandard para paginas de login.,,
159 ,Credentials in Plain Text,La pagina de login viaja sobre texto plano,,Es altamente recomendable que las paginas de login se fuerzen a usar SSL (https),Medium,
160 ,Unencrypted __VIEWSTATE parameter,"El parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"" no esta encriptado. Para reducir las posibilidades que alguien intercepte informacion guardada en ViewState es bueno encriptarlo.",,"Se recomienda encriptar el parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"", para hacer esto se debe setear el tipo de validacion a 3DES. Editar Web.Config y agregar la siguiente linea bajo <system.web>
161 <machineKey validation=""3DES""/>",,
198 Esto desactivará cualquier carpeta que termine con ""AB"" por ejemplo /sourceAB/. Evitando pasar cualquier dato a un atacante y centralizando las carpetas sensibles y ocultandolas simplemente colocando ""AB"" al final.",,
199 ,Typical Login Web,"Archivo de Login nombrado de manera ""comun"".
200 ",Esto facilita a los robots de ataque encontrar paginas sensibles. Se recomienda no usar nombres estandard para paginas de login.,,
201 ,Credentials in Plain Text,"La pagina de login viaja sobre texto plano
202 ",Es altamente recomendable que las paginas de login se fuerzen a usar SSL (https),Medium,
203 ,Unencrypted __VIEWSTATE parameter,"El parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"" no esta encriptado. Para reducir las posibilidades que alguien intercepte informacion guardada en ViewState es bueno encriptarlo.
204 ","Se recomienda encriptar el parametro ""__VIEWSTATE"", para hacer esto se debe setear el tipo de validacion a 3DES. Editar Web.Config y agregar la siguiente linea bajo <system.web>
205 <machineKey validation=""3DES""/>",,
162206 ,Insecure Captcha,"La resolucion del Captcha esta incluida en el mismo codigo:
163207
164208 <img id=""ctl01_mainContent_imgCaptcha"" src=""http://test-www.bancofalabella.com.co/Data/Sites/1/ImgTemp/ImageFormat_THHvB.png""
166210
167211 Siendo la respuesta THHvB
168212
169 Facilitando la manera de automatizar un script para atacar el form",,Se recomienda implementar un sistema de Captcha que la resolucion no se incluya en el codigo.,,
170 ,Credenciales Repetidas,Existen multiples credeciales repetidas para un mismo acceso.,"Tener credenciales repetidas de un mismo servidor o acceso, posibilita a un atacante tener mayor impacto, pues utilizando un mismo password puede ingresar a distintos servicios o áreas",Evitar utilizar mismas credenciales en distintos servicios,High,
171 ,Ftp Anonimo,Es servicio de FTP posee el usuario : anonymous,"Los servidores FTP anónimos ofrecen sus servicios libremente a todos los usuarios, permiten acceder a sus archivos sin necesidad de tener un 'USER ID' o una cuenta de usuario. Es la manera más cómoda fuera del servicio web de permitir que todo el mundo tenga acceso a cierta información sin que para ello el administrador de un sistema tenga que crear una cuenta para cada usuario.
172
173 Si un servidor posee servicio 'FTP anonymous' solamente con teclear la palabra «anonymous», cuando pregunte por tu usuario tendrás acceso a ese sistema. No se necesita ninguna contraseña preestablecida, aunque tendrás que introducir una sólo para ese momento, normalmente se suele utilizar la dirección de correo electrónico propia.",Evitar usuario anonimo,Medium,
213 Facilitando la manera de automatizar un script para atacar el form
214 ",Se recomienda implementar un sistema de Captcha que la resolucion no se incluya en el codigo.,,
215 ,Credenciales Repetidas,"Existen multiples credeciales repetidas para un mismo acceso.
216 Tener credenciales repetidas de un mismo servidor o acceso, posibilita a un atacante tener mayor impacto, pues utilizando un mismo password puede ingresar a distintos servicios o áreas",Evitar utilizar mismas credenciales en distintos servicios,High,
217 ,Ftp Anonimo,"Es servicio de FTP posee el usuario : anonymous
218 Los servidores FTP anónimos ofrecen sus servicios libremente a todos los usuarios, permiten acceder a sus archivos sin necesidad de tener un 'USER ID' o una cuenta de usuario. Es la manera más cómoda fuera del servicio web de permitir que todo el mundo tenga acceso a cierta información sin que para ello el administrador de un sistema tenga que crear una cuenta para cada usuario.
219
220 Si un servidor posee servicio 'FTP anonymous' solamente con teclear la palabra «anonymous», cuando pregunte por tu usuario tendrás acceso a ese sistema. No se necesita ninguna contraseña preestablecida, aunque tendrás que introducir una sólo para ese momento, normalmente se suele utilizar la dirección de correo electrónico propia.",Evitar usuario anonimo,Medium,
174221 ,Credenciales débiles Tomcat,"Se detectaron credenciales por defecto en servidores Tomcat, ejecutándose con privilegios elevados.
175222 Un atacante que intente loguearse con una lista de usuarios por defecto podría comprometer el servicio.
176 En este caso en particular el usuario “admin” es muy común en servidores Tomcat, y cuenta con privilegios para ejecutar código, por lo que debe ser protegido con una contraseña fuerte.",,Aplicar una política de seguridad al servidor que obligue el uso de contraseñas de acuerdo con las políticas de seguridad interna.,High,
223 En este caso en particular el usuario “admin” es muy común en servidores Tomcat, y cuenta con privilegios para ejecutar código, por lo que debe ser protegido con una contraseña fuerte.
224 ",Aplicar una política de seguridad al servidor que obligue el uso de contraseñas de acuerdo con las políticas de seguridad interna.,High,
177225 ,Wpad Spoofing,"En los ambientes Windows ante una falla a resolver un nombre de host,
178226 realizan una segunda búsqueda utilizando NetBios. La naturaleza de este
179227 pedido realizado utilizando broadcast es inseguro si no se tienen
183231 registrar el dominio WPAD en netbios con el fin de redirigir y modificar
184232 el tráfico de las workstations con las que comparte el segmento de red.
185233 Este ataque podría derivar en la captura de credenciales o hashes que
186 le brinden acceso a sistemas críticos.",,"Deshabilitar la configuración automática de proxy en los equipos
234 le brinden acceso a sistemas críticos.
235 ","Deshabilitar la configuración automática de proxy en los equipos
187236 windows, y registrar el nombre de domino wpad, para que ningún equipo de
188 la red pueda impersonarlo.",High,
237 la red pueda impersonarlo.",High,
189238 ,Servicio de Telnet,"Las credenciales de usuario se transmiten sobre un canal sin cifrar (servicio telnet).
190 Un atacante capaz de interceptar el tráfico entre los hosts y el usuario remoto, será capaz de obtener las credenciales utilizadas.",,"Reemplazar los servicios que permiten el envío de credenciales en texto plano, por aquellos que lo hacen de forma cifrada. En este caso, existen diferentes alternativas para reemplazar los servicios de administración remota, como por ejemplo ssh o rdp.",Medium,
191 ,Tokens cacheados,"Fue posible impersonar diferentes usuarios de dominio, incluido un administrador de dominio, a través de los tokens de acceso cacheados en el servidor.",,"No existe un parche para resolver este tipo de situaciones, ya que los tokens de acceso son propios de la arquitectura de Windows. Sin embargo es posible implementar algunas medidas a nivel operativo para mitigar en gran parte el impacto del cacheo de tokens. Recomendamos:
239 Un atacante capaz de interceptar el tráfico entre los hosts y el usuario remoto, será capaz de obtener las credenciales utilizadas.
240 ","Reemplazar los servicios que permiten el envío de credenciales en texto plano, por aquellos que lo hacen de forma cifrada. En este caso, existen diferentes alternativas para reemplazar los servicios de administración remota, como por ejemplo ssh o rdp.",Medium,
241 ,Tokens cacheados,"Fue posible impersonar diferentes usuarios de dominio, incluido un administrador de dominio, a través de los tokens de acceso cacheados en el servidor.
242 ","No existe un parche para resolver este tipo de situaciones, ya que los tokens de acceso son propios de la arquitectura de Windows. Sin embargo es posible implementar algunas medidas a nivel operativo para mitigar en gran parte el impacto del cacheo de tokens. Recomendamos:
192243 > Asegurarse que usuarios con altos privilegios (especialmente administradores) tengan una cuenta específica para tareas de administración y otra para loguearse en sus sistemas.
193244 > Ejecutar aquellas tareas que requieran mayores privilegios utilizando la aplicación “RunAs”.
194245 > Asegurarse que los Domain Admins sólo sean utilizados para administrar el dominio. Crear diferentes cuentas de dominio y asignarle autorización administrativa solo para la unidad de negocio correspondiente.
199250 Referencias:
200251 http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2008/05/token-passing-with-incognito-part-2.html
201252 http://pentestmonkey.net/uncategorized/from-local-admin-to-domain-admin
202 http://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/Fun_With_Incognito",High,
203 ,Denegacion de Servicios(DOS),"un ataque de denegación de servicios, también llamado ataque DoS (de las siglas en inglés Denial of Service) o DDoS (de Distributed Denial of Service), es un ataque a un sistema de computadoras o red que causa que un servicio o recurso sea inaccesible a los usuarios legítimos. Normalmente provoca la pérdida de la conectividad de la red por el consumo del ancho de banda de la red de la víctima o sobrecarga de los recursos computacionales del sistema de la víctima",,La forma de prevenirlo: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Denial_of_Service,High,
204 ,Revelacion de Informacion (Information Disclosure),Se puede obtener una información sensible del usuario. Esto podría ayudar a un atacante a tener control de una base de datos ó permitirle escalar hacia otro vector de ataque.,,"Determinar si esta información debería ser accesible desde la red, sin estar protegida por credenciales.",Medium,
205 ,Sitio sin Informar,,,/reclamaciones/home/index. ,,
206 ,Listado de Directorios,Muestra directorios que no deberian ser publicos,,Evitar que dichos directorios sean publicos,Medium,
207 ,Shell,"Una shell es parte de codigo programado en (PHP,Python,Ruby,etc) que una vez que es subido al host victima, puede ser utilizado para subir, bajar, borrar archivos.",,"Evitar entradas que posibiliten subir imagenes o codigo al servidor, sin ser adecuadamente controlado",,
208 ,Path Disclosure,Permite ver la ruta a archivos u aplicaciones que no deberian ser mostradas,,"Puede solucionarse desactivando los mensajes de error :
253 http://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/Fun_With_Incognito",High,
254 ,Denegacion de Servicios(DOS),"un ataque de denegación de servicios, también llamado ataque DoS (de las siglas en inglés Denial of Service) o DDoS (de Distributed Denial of Service), es un ataque a un sistema de computadoras o red que causa que un servicio o recurso sea inaccesible a los usuarios legítimos. Normalmente provoca la pérdida de la conectividad de la red por el consumo del ancho de banda de la red de la víctima o sobrecarga de los recursos computacionales del sistema de la víctima
255 ",La forma de prevenirlo: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Denial_of_Service,High,
256 ,Revelacion de Informacion (Information Disclosure),"Se puede obtener una información sensible del usuario. Esto podría ayudar a un atacante a tener control de una base de datos ó permitirle escalar hacia otro vector de ataque.
257 ","Determinar si esta información debería ser accesible desde la red, sin estar protegida por credenciales.",Medium,
258 ,Sitio sin Informar,"
259 ",/reclamaciones/home/index. ,,
260 ,Listado de Directorios,"Muestra directorios que no deberian ser publicos
261 ",Evitar que dichos directorios sean publicos,Medium,
262 ,Shell,"Una shell es parte de codigo programado en (PHP,Python,Ruby,etc) que una vez que es subido al host victima, puede ser utilizado para subir, bajar, borrar archivos.
263 ","Evitar entradas que posibiliten subir imagenes o codigo al servidor, sin ser adecuadamente controlado",,
264 ,Path Disclosure,"Permite ver la ruta a archivos u aplicaciones que no deberian ser mostradas
265 ","Puede solucionarse desactivando los mensajes de error :
209266 En PHP modificando el archivo php.ini ( display_errors = 'off' )
210 En Apache modificando el archivo httpd.conf ( php_flag display_errors off)",,
211 ,File Upload,Es posible subir código o imagenes sin ser fitradas adecuadamente.,,Evitar campos para subir archivos que no sean correctamente filtrados,,
212 ,Metodo Put habilitado (Put File Allow),"Sube, carga o realiza un upload de un recurso especificado (archivo), es el camino más eficiente para subir archivos a un servidor.",,"Evitar que el metodo PUT se encuentre con libre acceso a cualquier tipo de usuario, restringir acceso.",,
213 ,Leer Archivos (Read files),,,,,
214 ,Usuarios por defecto(default users),"Se debe evitar utilizar usuarios y contraseñas por defecto, pues el sistema puede quedar suseptible a un ataque de fuerza bruta o de diccionario.",,Cambiar usuarios y contraseñas de acuerdo a las politicas de la empresa,,
215 ,Sslstrip Attack,"Dado que la página no esta utilizando https para proteger sus credenciales, el panel de ingreso esta implementedo mediante http, y no https, es posible modificar los recursos obtenidos, si el atacante logra intereceptar la comunicación entre ambos sitios. ",,"Cargar todos los recursos a través de https, para los recursos externos recomendamos incluir los mismo de la siguiente manera src=""//dominio.com/recurso.js"" de esta manera el navegador automaticamete incluye el protocolo http o https segun la conexion inicial que genera.",High,
216 ,Enumerar Usuarios,,,,Medium,
217 ,Login User HTTP,"Las credenciales de usuario y contraseña, viajan en texto plano con lo cual un atacante podría obtener dichas credenciales para un posterior acceso",,Utilizar HTTPS para autenticar usuarios,Medium,
218 ,Falta de Control de Acceso,Se puede acceder a parte del sitio sin una sesion valida,,Validar correctamente la sesiones del sitio verifiquen que el usuario poseen una sesion valida,Medium,
219 ,Cookie Reutilization,La cookie puede ser modificada y reutilizada para hacer nuevas consultas o impersonar usuarios,,Evitar ,Medium,
267 En Apache modificando el archivo httpd.conf ( php_flag display_errors off)",,
268 ,File Upload,"Es posible subir código o imagenes sin ser fitradas adecuadamente.
269 ",Evitar campos para subir archivos que no sean correctamente filtrados,,
270 ,Metodo Put habilitado (Put File Allow),"Sube, carga o realiza un upload de un recurso especificado (archivo), es el camino más eficiente para subir archivos a un servidor.
271 ","Evitar que el metodo PUT se encuentre con libre acceso a cualquier tipo de usuario, restringir acceso.",,
272 ,Leer Archivos (Read files),"
273 ",,,
274 ,Usuarios por defecto(default users),"Se debe evitar utilizar usuarios y contraseñas por defecto, pues el sistema puede quedar suseptible a un ataque de fuerza bruta o de diccionario.
275 ",Cambiar usuarios y contraseñas de acuerdo a las politicas de la empresa,,
276 ,Sslstrip Attack,"Dado que la página no esta utilizando https para proteger sus credenciales, el panel de ingreso esta implementedo mediante http, y no https, es posible modificar los recursos obtenidos, si el atacante logra intereceptar la comunicación entre ambos sitios.
277 ","Cargar todos los recursos a través de https, para los recursos externos recomendamos incluir los mismo de la siguiente manera src=""//dominio.com/recurso.js"" de esta manera el navegador automaticamete incluye el protocolo http o https segun la conexion inicial que genera.",High,
278 ,Enumerar Usuarios,"
279 ",,Medium,
280 ,Login User HTTP,"Las credenciales de usuario y contraseña, viajan en texto plano con lo cual un atacante podría obtener dichas credenciales para un posterior acceso
281 ",Utilizar HTTPS para autenticar usuarios,Medium,
282 ,Falta de Control de Acceso,"Se puede acceder a parte del sitio sin una sesion valida
283 ",Validar correctamente la sesiones del sitio verifiquen que el usuario poseen una sesion valida,Medium,
284 ,Cookie Reutilization,"La cookie puede ser modificada y reutilizada para hacer nuevas consultas o impersonar usuarios
285 ",Evitar ,Medium,
220286 ,Credenciales Debiles md5,"Se detecto que dentro del request se envía el nombre de usuario y la contraseña hasheada. Si bien la contraseña utiliza una funcion de md5, lo hace sin salt para protegerla.
221 Con lo cual un atacante que la intercepte, puede decifrar el md5 para luego obtener la contraseña en texto plano junto con el usuario para acceder al sistema.",,"Aplicar una política de seguridad al servidor que obligue el uso de contraseñas de acuerdo con las políticas de seguridad interna.
222 Se recomienda un cifrado mas robusto con la funcion salt",High,
223 ,CSRF,"Un ataque CSRF fuerza al navegador web validado de una víctima a enviar una petición a una aplicación web vulnerable, la cual entonces realiza la acción elegida a través de la víctima. Al contrario que en los ataques XSS, los cuales explotan la confianza que un usuario tiene en un sitio en particular, el cross site request forgery explota la confianza que un sitio tiene en un usuario en particular.",,"Recomendamos la imprementacion de un feature anti-csrf con el fin de autenticar todoslos request,en particual aquellas peticiones sensibles como por ejemplo el cambiode contraseñas y asignacion de roles (dar permisos de administrador a un usuario). El framework de ASP.net cuenta con este feature llamado viewstate (https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-Site_Request_Forgery_(CSRF)_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet#Viewstate_.28ASP.NET.29)",Medium,
224 ,SSL weak ciphers (Cifrado debil),El servidor remoto soporta el uso de SSL pero ofrece una encriptacion debil,,Reconfigurar el servidor web con un nivel de encriptacion mayor,Medium,
225 ,Token de Session en URL,"Información sensible dentro de las URLs puede ser guardado en distintas lugares, por ejemplo en la información del navegador del usuario, en el webserver, o en cualquier proxy o reverse proxy. Las URLs se pueden ver en las pantallas, puede ser guardadas como favoritos o pueden ser enviada entre los usuarios. Esta información puede ser obtenida también como referer, en el histórico de la ultima pagina desde donde se ingresa a otra pagina. Guardar la sesiones en las URLs incrementa que esa información sea captura por un atacante para luego impersonarse como un usuario valido.",,La aplicación debería utilizar otros mecanismos para el envió de las sessiones como cookies o campos ocultos enviados a traves de métodos de POST ,Medium,
226 ,Autenticacion sin HTTPS,"La aplicación web no utiliza HTTPS para la autenticación de usuarios al sistema. Las credenciales de usuario y contraseña, viajan en texto plano con lo cual un atacante podría obtener dichas credenciales para un posterior acceso",,Siempre utilizar HTTPS para autenticar usuarios,High,
227 ,Es-Version Obsoleta / Desactualizada,"El servidor se encuentra utilizando una versión de Apache Tomcat MUY desactualizada (Apache Tomcat/4.1.31), la cual es vulnerable a multiples vulnerabilidades publicas. Actualmente la ultima versión estable es la 8.0.9 ",,"Recomendación actualizar y desactivar los mensajes de error del servidor, que puedan brindar información extra a un atacante",Medium,
228 ,Numero de Tarjeta en Texto Plano,"La respuesta del servidor, contiene el numero de tarjeta de crédito y otra información sensible que debería evitarse enviar en texto plano.",,Utilizar HTTPS en todo el sitio en donde la información sensible pueda ser expuesta.,High,
229 ,Server Version Discloure,El servidor web responde con la version del sistema facilitando a un atacante saber contra que se enfrenta,,"Filtrar en las respuestas del servidor, cualquier dato que demuestre la version del servidor y del sistema operativo del mismo",Low,
287 Con lo cual un atacante que la intercepte, puede decifrar el md5 para luego obtener la contraseña en texto plano junto con el usuario para acceder al sistema.
288 ","Aplicar una política de seguridad al servidor que obligue el uso de contraseñas de acuerdo con las políticas de seguridad interna.
289 Se recomienda un cifrado mas robusto con la funcion salt",High,
290 ,CSRF,"Un ataque CSRF fuerza al navegador web validado de una víctima a enviar una petición a una aplicación web vulnerable, la cual entonces realiza la acción elegida a través de la víctima. Al contrario que en los ataques XSS, los cuales explotan la confianza que un usuario tiene en un sitio en particular, el cross site request forgery explota la confianza que un sitio tiene en un usuario en particular.
291 ","Recomendamos la imprementacion de un feature anti-csrf con el fin de autenticar todoslos request,en particual aquellas peticiones sensibles como por ejemplo el cambiode contraseñas y asignacion de roles (dar permisos de administrador a un usuario). El framework de ASP.net cuenta con este feature llamado viewstate (https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-Site_Request_Forgery_(CSRF)_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet#Viewstate_.28ASP.NET.29)",Medium,
292 ,SSL weak ciphers (Cifrado debil),"El servidor remoto soporta el uso de SSL pero ofrece una encriptacion debil
293 ",Reconfigurar el servidor web con un nivel de encriptacion mayor,Medium,
294 ,Token de Session en URL,"Información sensible dentro de las URLs puede ser guardado en distintas lugares, por ejemplo en la información del navegador del usuario, en el webserver, o en cualquier proxy o reverse proxy. Las URLs se pueden ver en las pantallas, puede ser guardadas como favoritos o pueden ser enviada entre los usuarios. Esta información puede ser obtenida también como referer, en el histórico de la ultima pagina desde donde se ingresa a otra pagina. Guardar la sesiones en las URLs incrementa que esa información sea captura por un atacante para luego impersonarse como un usuario valido.
295 ",La aplicación debería utilizar otros mecanismos para el envió de las sessiones como cookies o campos ocultos enviados a traves de métodos de POST ,Medium,
296 ,Autenticacion sin HTTPS,"La aplicación web no utiliza HTTPS para la autenticación de usuarios al sistema. Las credenciales de usuario y contraseña, viajan en texto plano con lo cual un atacante podría obtener dichas credenciales para un posterior acceso
297 ",Siempre utilizar HTTPS para autenticar usuarios,High,
298 ,Es-Version Obsoleta / Desactualizada,"El servidor se encuentra utilizando una versión de Apache Tomcat MUY desactualizada (Apache Tomcat/4.1.31), la cual es vulnerable a multiples vulnerabilidades publicas. Actualmente la ultima versión estable es la 8.0.9
299 ","Recomendación actualizar y desactivar los mensajes de error del servidor, que puedan brindar información extra a un atacante",Medium,
300 ,Numero de Tarjeta en Texto Plano,"La respuesta del servidor, contiene el numero de tarjeta de crédito y otra información sensible que debería evitarse enviar en texto plano.
301 ",Utilizar HTTPS en todo el sitio en donde la información sensible pueda ser expuesta.,High,
302 ,Server Version Discloure,"El servidor web responde con la version del sistema facilitando a un atacante saber contra que se enfrenta
303 ","Filtrar en las respuestas del servidor, cualquier dato que demuestre la version del servidor y del sistema operativo del mismo",Low,
230304 ,Archivo crossdomain.xml inseguro,"El modelo de seguridad del navegador normalmente previene el contenido web de ser accedido desde otro dominio. Esto comunmente es conocido como ""same origin policy"" (""politica del mismo origen""). Lo politica de archivos URL garantiza acceso cross-dominio para leer datos. Permiten operaciones que no son permitidas por defecto. La politica de acceso de archivo URL esta localizado, por defecto, en el directorio raiz del servidor destino, con el nombre crossdomain.xml (por ejemplo en www.ejemplo.com/crossdomain.xml).
231305
232306 Cuando un dominio es especificado en el archivo crossdomain.xml, el sitio declara que esta dispuesto a dar acceso a operadores de cualqueir server en ese dominio para obtener cualquier documento donde la regla reside. El archivo crossdomain.xml desplegado en este servidor web abre el servidor a todos los dominios (uso de un unico asterisco ""*"" de comodin es soportado) Como por ejemplo:
234308 <allow-access-from domain=""*"" />
235309 </cross-domain-policy>
236310
237 Esta practica es correcta para servidores publicos, pero no deberia ser usada en servidores que se encuentran tras un firewall porque puede permitir acceso a areas protejidas. No deberia ser usada para sitios que requieren autenticacion en forma de contraseñas o cookies. ",,"Detenidamente evaluar que sitios deben tener permitido el acceso cross-dominio. Considerar la topologia de red y todos los mecanismos de autenticacion afectados por la configuracion o implementacion de la politica cross-domain.
238 ",Medium,
239 ,Archivos de backup en servidor de producción,"La aplicación web tiene multiples archivos de buckup disponibles para ser descargados, los cuales brindan información de la tecnología que se utiliza en el sitio, así como código fuente de las aplicaciones, nombres de usuarios, rutas de acceso y multiple información sensible del mismo.",,"Es recomendable aplicar buenas politicas deprotección de información sensible, evitando exponer buckups y otra información del sitio web",Very High,
240 ,Exposición de información a través del listado de directorios,"Estos directorios no deberian estar publicos, pues exponen información sensible del tipo de tecnología utilizada, código de programación, información sobre rutas de acceso a distintos lugares, particularmente en este caso podemos listar toda la información del servidor sin ningun tipo de restricción",,Siempre evitar que se puedan listar directorios de manera externa y sin permisos,High,
311 Esta practica es correcta para servidores publicos, pero no deberia ser usada en servidores que se encuentran tras un firewall porque puede permitir acceso a areas protejidas. No deberia ser usada para sitios que requieren autenticacion en forma de contraseñas o cookies.
312 ","Detenidamente evaluar que sitios deben tener permitido el acceso cross-dominio. Considerar la topologia de red y todos los mecanismos de autenticacion afectados por la configuracion o implementacion de la politica cross-domain.
313 ",Medium,
314 ,Archivos de backup en servidor de producción,"La aplicación web tiene multiples archivos de buckup disponibles para ser descargados, los cuales brindan información de la tecnología que se utiliza en el sitio, así como código fuente de las aplicaciones, nombres de usuarios, rutas de acceso y multiple información sensible del mismo.
315 ","Es recomendable aplicar buenas politicas deprotección de información sensible, evitando exponer buckups y otra información del sitio web",Very High,
316 ,Exposición de información a través del listado de directorios,"Estos directorios no deberian estar publicos, pues exponen información sensible del tipo de tecnología utilizada, código de programación, información sobre rutas de acceso a distintos lugares, particularmente en este caso podemos listar toda la información del servidor sin ningun tipo de restricción
317 ",Siempre evitar que se puedan listar directorios de manera externa y sin permisos,High,
241318 ,Archivos con información sensible,"Es posible acceder a archivos con información sensible, podemos ver el ""log error"" y dentro de este rutas de acceso, nombres de usuario, etc . Con lo cual un atacante con tiempo podría intentar obtener credeciales de un servicio ssh, ftp,o similar para luego crackearlo.
242 ",,Evitar exponer toda información sensible del sistema,High,
243 ,Revelación de IP interno,"La aplicación expone ip/s interno, con lo cual si por algun vector de ataque un atacante logra acceder al servidor o servicio podría continuar la explotación por dicho vector",,Evitar exponer toda información sensible y privada del sistemadel sistema,Low,
319
320 ",Evitar exponer toda información sensible del sistema,High,
321 ,Revelación de IP interno,"La aplicación expone ip/s interno, con lo cual si por algun vector de ataque un atacante logra acceder al servidor o servicio podría continuar la explotación por dicho vector
322 ",Evitar exponer toda información sensible y privada del sistemadel sistema,Low,
244323 ,Archivos e información de desarollo en ambientes productivos,"Podemos ver código de programacion, con ejemplos concretos del funcionamiento interno y
245324 de la lógica utilizada a la hora de programar, dejando en evidencia
246 informacion como nombres de usuarios, email, dni, telefonos, etc ",,Evitar exponer toda información sensible y privada del sistemadel sistema,High,
247 ,Sentencias SQL sin Prepared Statement,Se detecto que se utilizan una mala implementacion de sentencias SQL concatenando las variables manualmente pudiendo un atacante realizar ataques de SQL Injection,,"Utilizar para la sentencia de SQL Prepared Statement
325 informacion como nombres de usuarios, email, dni, telefonos, etc
326 ",Evitar exponer toda información sensible y privada del sistemadel sistema,High,
327 ,Sentencias SQL sin Prepared Statement,"Se detecto que se utilizan una mala implementacion de sentencias SQL concatenando las variables manualmente pudiendo un atacante realizar ataques de SQL Injection
328 ","Utilizar para la sentencia de SQL Prepared Statement
248329 Reference:
249 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Query_Parameterization_Cheat_Sheet#Prepared_Statement_Examples",High,
250 ,Mysql lectura y escritura de archivos,Es posible utilizar mysql server para la lectura y escritura de archivos en el servidor,,"Seguir los siguientes lineamientos para el hardening de Mysql Server
251 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_MySQL#Read_from_a_File",High,
252 ,Servidor productivo y desarrollo,"Por lo que pudimos observar este servidor sirve tanto para produccion como desarrollo, contiene muchisima informacion y pruebas que deberian ser eliminadas.",,"Eliminar el contenido de desarrollo, dejar solo lo necesario para el entorno productivo",High,
253 ,Servidor productivo y desarrollo,"Por lo que pudimos observar este servidor sirve tanto para produccion como desarrollo, contiene muchisima informacion y pruebas que deberian ser eliminadas.",,"Eliminar el contenido de desarrollo, dejar solo lo necesario para el entorno productivo",High,
254 ,Internal IP Address Disclosure,Una cadena coincidente con una direccion interna de IPv4 fue encontrada en esta pagina. Esto lleva a divulgar informacion sensible acerca del esquema de la red interna. Esta informacion puede ser usada para generar ataques especificos.,,Se recomienda prevenir que esta informacion sea mostrada al usuario,Low,
255 ,Cisco ASA Error,"El Cisco ASA es vulnerable a un Information Leak (CVE-2014-3392), un atacante podria obtener credenciales em base a un error.",,Actualizar a la ultima version del firmware del CISCO ASA,High,
256 ,Listado de directorios,"Evitar listar directorios, muchas veces a partir de aqui se pueden realizar distintos vectores de ataques, por claves almacenadas en archivos ocultos o por tener acceso a archivos de configuracion. ",,"Evitar listar directorios, es recomendable que se desabiliten o se resguarden con algun tipo de autenticacion.",Low,
330 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Query_Parameterization_Cheat_Sheet#Prepared_Statement_Examples",High,
331 ,Mysql lectura y escritura de archivos,"Es posible utilizar mysql server para la lectura y escritura de archivos en el servidor
332 ","Seguir los siguientes lineamientos para el hardening de Mysql Server
333 https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_MySQL#Read_from_a_File",High,
334 ,Servidor productivo y desarrollo,"Por lo que pudimos observar este servidor sirve tanto para produccion como desarrollo, contiene muchisima informacion y pruebas que deberian ser eliminadas.
335 ","Eliminar el contenido de desarrollo, dejar solo lo necesario para el entorno productivo",High,
336 ,Servidor productivo y desarrollo,"Por lo que pudimos observar este servidor sirve tanto para produccion como desarrollo, contiene muchisima informacion y pruebas que deberian ser eliminadas.
337 ","Eliminar el contenido de desarrollo, dejar solo lo necesario para el entorno productivo",High,
338 ,Internal IP Address Disclosure,"Una cadena coincidente con una direccion interna de IPv4 fue encontrada en esta pagina. Esto lleva a divulgar informacion sensible acerca del esquema de la red interna. Esta informacion puede ser usada para generar ataques especificos.
339 ",Se recomienda prevenir que esta informacion sea mostrada al usuario,Low,
340 ,Cisco ASA Error,"El Cisco ASA es vulnerable a un Information Leak (CVE-2014-3392), un atacante podria obtener credenciales em base a un error.
341 ",Actualizar a la ultima version del firmware del CISCO ASA,High,
342 ,Listado de directorios,"Evitar listar directorios, muchas veces a partir de aqui se pueden realizar distintos vectores de ataques, por claves almacenadas en archivos ocultos o por tener acceso a archivos de configuracion.
343 ","Evitar listar directorios, es recomendable que se desabiliten o se resguarden con algun tipo de autenticacion.",Low,
+7
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faraday-server.py less more
9393 parser.add_argument('--stop', action='store_true', help='stop Faraday Server')
9494 parser.add_argument('--nodeps', action='store_true', help='Skip dependency check')
9595 parser.add_argument('--no-setup', action='store_true', help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
96
97 f = open(server.config.VERSION_FILE)
98 f_version = f.read().strip()
99
100 parser.add_argument('-v', '--version', action='version',
101 version='Faraday v{version}'.format(version=f_version))
102
96103 args = parser.parse_args()
97104
98105 if args.debug:
+10
-11
faraday.py less more
171171 help="Enables debug mode. Default = disabled")
172172
173173 parser.add_argument('--nodeps', action='store_true', help='Skip dependency check')
174
175 f = open(FARADAY_VERSION_FILE)
176 f_version = f.read().strip()
177
178 parser.add_argument('-v', '--version', action='version',
179 version='Faraday v{version}'.format(version=f_version))
174180
175181 # args = parser.parse_args(['@parser_args.cfg'])
176182 return parser.parse_args()
496502
497503
498504 def check_faraday_version():
499 server_info = server.server_info()
500
501 faraday_directory = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath('faraday.py'))
502
503 file_path = os.path.join(faraday_directory, 'VERSION')
504
505 with open(file_path, 'r') as version_file:
506 version = version_file.read().strip()
507
508 if server_info is not None and version != server_info['Version']:
505 try:
506 server.check_faraday_version()
507 except RuntimeError:
509508 getLogger("launcher").error("The server is running a different Faraday version than the client "
510 "you are running. Version numbers must much!")
509 "you are running. Version numbers must match!")
511510
512511 sys.exit(2)
513512
+10
-1
gui/gtk/application.py less more
4747 from config.configuration import getInstanceConfiguration
4848 from utils.logs import getLogger
4949 from appwindow import AppWindow
50 from persistence.server.server import check_faraday_version
5051
5152 from server import ServerIO
5253 from dialogs import PreferenceWindowDialog
326327 "The SSL certificate validation has failed")
327328 success = False
328329 else:
330 try:
331 check_faraday_version()
332 except RuntimeError:
333 errorDialog(parent,
334 "The server ir running a different Faraday version then the "
335 "client you are runnung. Version numbers must match!")
336 success = False
337 return success
329338 CONF.setCouchUri(server_uri)
330339 CONF.saveConfig()
331340 self.reload_workspaces()
810819 def select_plugin():
811820 """Creates a simple dialog with a combo box to select a plugin"""
812821 plugins_id = [_id for _id in self.plugin_manager.getPlugins()]
813 plugins_id = sorted(plugins_id)
822 plugins_id = sorted(plugins_id, key=lambda s: s.lower())
814823 dialog = Gtk.Dialog("Select plugin", self.window, 0)
815824
816825 combo_box = Gtk.ComboBoxText()
+1
-1
gui/gtk/mainwidgets.py less more
348348 host_ids = map(self._find_host_id, vulns)
349349 self._modify_vuln_amounts_of_hosts_in_model(host_ids, lambda x: x + 1)
350350
351 def remove_relevant_vulns_from_model(self, vuln_ids):
351 def remove_relevant_vulns_from_model(self, vulns_ids):
352352 """Takes vulns_ids, a list of vuln ids, and removes them from
353353 the model by modifying their corresponding hosts in the model.
354354 Return None.
+144
-152
helpers/cfdbToCsv.py less more
0 #!/usr/bin/env python2.7
1
2 '''
3 Copyright (C) 2016 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
4 Author: Ezequiel Tavella
5
6 This script generate a CSV file with information about the cfdb database.
7 CSV Format:
8 cwe,name,desc_summary,description,resolution,exploitation,references
9 '''
10
11 from subprocess import call
12 from os import walk
13 import csv
14
15 URL_PROYECT = 'https://github.com/mubix/cfdb'
16 DB_PATH = './cfdb/'
17
18 class parseFile():
19
20 def __init__(self, file_md):
21
22 self.cwe = ''
23 self.name = None
24 self.desc_summary = None
25 self.description = None
26 self.resolution = None
27 self.explotation = None
28 self.references = None
29
30 self.file = file_md
31 self.parse()
32
33 def getContent(self):
34
35 result = []
36 while True:
37
38 subLine = self.file.readline().strip('\n\r')
39 if subLine != '\n':
40 #If EOF -> break
41 if subLine == '' :
42 break
43
44 if not subLine.startswith('##') :
45 result.append(subLine)
46 else:
47 break
48
49 return ''.join(result)
50
51 def parse(self):
52
53 line = self.file.readline()
54 while line != '':
55
56 title = line.startswith('Title: ')
57 summary = line.startswith('Description: ')
58 description = line.startswith('## Summary')
59 resolution = line.startswith('## Remediation')
60 references = line.startswith('## References')
61 explotation = line.startswith('## Exploitation')
62
63 #Slice title and summary... read line and continue with other line
64 if title:
65
66 self.name = line[title + 6:].strip('\n\r')
67 line = self.file.readline()
68 continue
69
70 elif summary:
71 self.desc_summary = line[title + 12:].strip('\n\r')
72 line = self.file.readline()
73 continue
74
75 #Read first line with \n and read the content
76 elif description:
77 line = self.file.readline()
78 self.description = self.getContent()
79 elif resolution:
80 line = self.file.readline()
81 self.resolution = self.getContent()
82 elif references:
83 line = self.file.readline()
84 self.references = self.getContent()
85 elif explotation:
86 line = self.file.readline()
87 self.explotation = self.getContent()
88 #Nothing here...read line
89 else:
90 line = self.file.readline()
91
92
93 def main():
94
95 #Get DB cfdb
96 print '[*]Execute git clone...'
97 return_code = call(['git', 'clone', URL_PROYECT])
98
99 if return_code != 0 and return_code != 128:
100 print '[!]Error:\n Git return code: ' + str(return_code)
101
102 file_csv = open('cfdb.csv','w')
103
104 file_csv.write(
105 'cwe,name,desc_summary,description,resolution,exploitation,references\n'
106 )
107
108 #CSV Writer
109 writer = csv.writer(
110 file_csv,
111 quotechar = '"',
112 delimiter = ',',
113 quoting = csv.QUOTE_ALL
114 )
115
116 #Get DB names...
117 print '[*]Looking for DBs...'
118 for (root, dirs, files) in walk(DB_PATH):
119
120 #Jump dirs without info
121 if root.find('.git') < 0 and root.find('.gitignore') < 0:
122 if root != './cfdb/':
123
124 print '[*]Parsing folder: ' + root
125 for file_db in files:
126
127 print '[_]File: ' + root + '/' + file_db
128 with open(root + '/' + file_db, 'r') as file_md:
129
130 csv_content = parseFile(file_md)
131
132 result = (
133 csv_content.cwe,
134 csv_content.name,
135 csv_content.desc_summary,
136 csv_content.description,
137 csv_content.resolution,
138 csv_content.explotation,
139 csv_content.references
140 )
141
142 writer.writerow(result)
143
144 print '[*]Parse folder finished...\n'
145
146 print '[*]All Finished... OK'
147
148 file_csv.close()
149
150 if __name__ == '__main__':
151 main()
0 #!/usr/bin/env python2.7
1
2 '''
3 Copyright (C) 2016 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
4 Author: Ezequiel Tavella
5
6 This script generate a CSV file with information about the cfdb database.
7 CSV Format:
8 cwe,name,description,resolution,exploitation,references
9 '''
10
11 from subprocess import call
12 from os import walk
13 import csv
14
15 URL_PROYECT = 'https://github.com/mubix/cfdb'
16 DB_PATH = './cfdb/'
17
18 class parseFile():
19
20 def __init__(self, file_md):
21
22 self.cwe = ''
23 self.name = None
24 self.description = None
25 self.resolution = None
26 self.explotation = None
27 self.references = None
28
29 self.file = file_md
30 self.parse()
31
32 def getContent(self):
33
34 result = []
35 while True:
36
37 subLine = self.file.readline().strip('\n\r')
38 if subLine != '\n':
39 #If EOF -> break
40 if subLine == '' :
41 break
42
43 if not subLine.startswith('##') :
44 result.append(subLine)
45 else:
46 break
47
48 return ''.join(result)
49
50 def parse(self):
51
52 line = self.file.readline()
53 while line != '':
54
55 title = line.startswith('Title: ')
56 description = line.startswith('Description: ')
57 resolution = line.startswith('## Remediation')
58 references = line.startswith('## References')
59 explotation = line.startswith('## Exploitation')
60
61 #Slice title... read line and continue with other line
62 if title:
63
64 self.name = line[title + 6:].strip('\n\r')
65 line = self.file.readline()
66 continue
67
68 #Read first line with \n and read the content
69 elif description:
70 line = self.file.readline()
71 self.description = self.getContent()
72 elif resolution:
73 line = self.file.readline()
74 self.resolution = self.getContent()
75 elif references:
76 line = self.file.readline()
77 self.references = self.getContent()
78 elif explotation:
79 line = self.file.readline()
80 self.explotation = self.getContent()
81 #Nothing here...read line
82 else:
83 line = self.file.readline()
84
85
86 def main():
87
88 #Get DB cfdb
89 print '[*]Execute git clone...'
90 return_code = call(['git', 'clone', URL_PROYECT])
91
92 if return_code != 0 and return_code != 128:
93 print '[!]Error:\n Git return code: ' + str(return_code)
94
95 file_csv = open('cfdb.csv','w')
96
97 file_csv.write(
98 'cwe,name,description,resolution,exploitation,references\n'
99 )
100
101 #CSV Writer
102 writer = csv.writer(
103 file_csv,
104 quotechar = '"',
105 delimiter = ',',
106 quoting = csv.QUOTE_ALL
107 )
108
109 #Get DB names...
110 print '[*]Looking for DBs...'
111 for (root, dirs, files) in walk(DB_PATH):
112
113 #Jump dirs without info
114 if root.find('.git') < 0 and root.find('.gitignore') < 0:
115 if root != './cfdb/':
116
117 print '[*]Parsing folder: ' + root
118 for file_db in files:
119
120 print '[_]File: ' + root + '/' + file_db
121 with open(root + '/' + file_db, 'r') as file_md:
122
123 csv_content = parseFile(file_md)
124
125 result = (
126 csv_content.cwe,
127 csv_content.name,
128 csv_content.description,
129 csv_content.resolution,
130 csv_content.explotation,
131 csv_content.references
132 )
133
134 writer.writerow(result)
135
136 print '[*]Parse folder finished...\n'
137
138 print '[*]All Finished... OK'
139
140 file_csv.close()
141
142 if __name__ == '__main__':
143 main()
+78
-0
helpers/migrateCWEDatabase.py less more
0 import requests
1 import argparse
2 import csv
3 import tempfile
4 import os
5 from couchdbkit import Server
6 from sys import exit
7
8 def delete_cwe_db(couchdb_url):
9 response = requests.delete(couchdb_url + "/cwe")
10 if response.status_code == 200:
11 print "[*] Deleted old CWE database: OK"
12 return True
13 else:
14 print "[*] Deleted old CWE database failed:", response.text
15 return False
16
17 def push_cwe(couchdb_url, filename):
18 __serv = Server(uri=couchdb_url)
19
20 workspace = __serv.get_or_create_db("cwe")
21
22 with open(filename, 'r') as csvfile:
23 cwereader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=',')
24 header = cwereader.next()
25 print "[*] Beginning upload"
26 for cwe in cwereader:
27 cwe_doc = dict(zip(header, cwe))
28 workspace.save_doc(cwe_doc)
29 print "[*] Upload finished"
30
31 def delete_summary_csv(filename):
32
33 dest_filename = filename + '~'
34 with open(filename, "r") as source, open(dest_filename, "wb") as dest:
35 reader = csv.DictReader(source)
36 fieldnames = [f for f in reader.fieldnames if f != 'desc_summary']
37 writer = csv.DictWriter(dest, fieldnames=fieldnames)
38 writer.writeheader()
39
40 for row in reader:
41 if 'desc_summary' in row:
42 row['description'] = row['desc_summary'] + '\n' + row.get('description', '')
43 del row['desc_summary']
44 writer.writerow(row)
45 print dest_filename, filename
46 os.rename(dest_filename, filename)
47 print "[*] CSV converted OK"
48
49
50 def main():
51
52 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='migrateCWEdatabase', epilog="Example: ./%(prog)s.py")
53
54 parser.add_argument('-c', '--couchdburi', action='store', type=str,
55 dest='couchdb', default="http://127.0.0.1:5984",
56 help='Couchdb URL (default http://127.0.0.1:5984)')
57
58 parser.add_argument('--convert-only', action="store_true",
59 help="Only convert the CSV file. Don't touch CouchDB")
60
61 parser.add_argument('-f', '--csvfile', action='store', type=str,
62 dest='csvfile', default="data/cwe.csv",
63 help='CSV vulnerability template file '
64 '(default data/cwe.csv)')
65
66 args = parser.parse_args()
67
68 delete_summary_csv(args.csvfile)
69
70 if not args.convert_only:
71
72 if not delete_cwe_db(args.couchdb):
73 exit()
74 push_cwe(args.couchdb, args.csvfile)
75
76 if __name__ == "__main__":
77 main()
+1
-2
helpers/vulndbToCsv.py less more
8585 file_csv = open('vulndb.csv','w')
8686
8787 file_csv.write(
88 'cwe,name,desc_summary,description,resolution,exploitation,references,severity\n'
88 'cwe,name,description,resolution,exploitation,references,severity\n'
8989 )
9090
9191 writer = csv.writer(
105105 result = (
106106 csv_content.cwe,
107107 csv_content.name,
108 '',
109108 csv_content.description,
110109 csv_content.resolution,
111110 '',
+1
-1
persistence/server/models.py less more
13041304 self.password = credential['password']
13051305
13061306 def setID(self, parent_id):
1307 ModelBase.setID(self, parent_id, self.username, self.password)
1307 ModelBase.setID(self, parent_id, self.name, self.username, self.password)
13081308
13091309 def updateAttributes(self, username=None, password=None):
13101310 if username is not None:
+20
-1
persistence/server/server.py less more
2222 be always unique.
2323 """
2424
25 import os
2526 import requests
2627 import json
2728 from persistence.server.utils import force_unique
13931394
13941395
13951396 def create_workspace(workspace_name, description, start_date, finish_date,
1396 customer=None):
1397 customer=None, duration=None):
13971398 """Create a workspace.
13981399
13991400 Args:
14061407 Returns:
14071408 A dictionary with the server's response.
14081409 """
1410 if duration is None:
1411 duration = {"start": start_date, "end": finish_date}
14091412 return _save_db_to_server(workspace_name,
14101413 name=workspace_name,
14111414 description=description,
14121415 customer=customer,
14131416 sdate=start_date,
14141417 fdate=finish_date,
1418 duration=duration,
14151419 type="Workspace")
14161420
14171421 def delete_host(workspace_name, host_id):
14551459 return _get("{0}/info".format(_create_server_api_url()))
14561460 except:
14571461 return None
1462
1463 def check_faraday_version():
1464 """Raise RuntimeError if client and server aren't running the same version"""
1465 info = server_info()
1466 #print "INFO", infok
1467
1468 faraday_directory = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath('faraday.py'))
1469
1470 file_path = os.path.join(faraday_directory, 'VERSION')
1471
1472 with open(file_path, 'r') as version_file:
1473 version = version_file.read().strip()
1474
1475 if info is not None and version != info['Version']:
1476 raise RuntimeError('Client and server versions do not match')
14581477
14591478 def test_server_url(url_to_test):
14601479 """Return True if the url_to_test is indeed a valid Faraday Server URL.
+2
-1
plugins/controller.py less more
118118 action = current_action[0]
119119 parameters = current_action[1:]
120120
121 parameters[-1]._metadata.command_id = command_id
121 if hasattr(parameters[-1], '_metadata'):
122 parameters[-1]._metadata.command_id = command_id
122123
123124 getLogger(self).debug(
124125 "Core: Processing a new '%s', parameters (%s)\n" %
+5
-0
plugins/plugin.py less more
158158 ipv6_prefix="00",
159159 ipv6_gateway="0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000", ipv6_dns=[],
160160 network_segment="", hostname_resolution=[]):
161
162 # hostname_resolution must be a list. Many plugins are passing a string
163 # as argument causing errors in the WEB UI.
164 if isinstance(hostname_resolution, str):
165 hostname_resolution = [hostname_resolution]
161166
162167 int_obj = model.common.factory.createModelObject(
163168 Interface.class_signature,
+20
-0
plugins/plugin_utils.py less more
0 #!/usr/bin/env python
1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2
3 '''
4 Faraday Penetration Test IDE
5 Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
6 See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
7
8 '''
9
10 import urlparse
11
12 def get_vulnweb_url_fields(url):
13 """Given a URL, return kwargs to pass to createAndAddVulnWebToService."""
14 parse = urlparse.urlsplit(url)
15 return {
16 "website": "{}://{}".format(parse.scheme, parse.netloc),
17 "path": parse.path,
18 "query": parse.query
19 }
+48
-7
plugins/repo/burp/plugin.py less more
77
88 '''
99 from __future__ import with_statement
10 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, Comment
1011 from plugins import core
1112 from model import api
13 import distutils.util
1214 import re
1315 import os
1416 import sys
2729
2830 __author__ = "Francisco Amato"
2931 __copyright__ = "Copyright (c) 2013, Infobyte LLC"
30 __credits__ = ["Francisco Amato"]
32 __credits__ = ["Francisco Amato", "Micaela Ranea Sanchez"]
3133 __license__ = ""
32 __version__ = "1.0.0"
34 __version__ = "1.1.0"
3335 __maintainer__ = "Francisco Amato"
3436 __email__ = "[email protected]"
3537 __status__ = "Development"
135137 severity = item_node.findall('severity')[0]
136138 request = item_node.findall('./requestresponse/request')[0].text if len(
137139 item_node.findall('./requestresponse/request')) > 0 else ""
138 response = item_node.findall('./requestresponse/response')[0].text if len(
139 item_node.findall('./requestresponse/response')) > 0 else ""
140 response = ""
141
142 if len(item_node.findall('./requestresponse/response')) > 0:
143 response_node = item_node.findall('./requestresponse/response')[0]
144
145 if "base64" in response_node.attrib:
146 if distutils.util.strtobool(response_node.get("base64")):
147 response = response_node.text.decode("base64", "strict")
148 else:
149 response = response_node.text
140150
141151 detail = self.do_clean(item_node.findall('issueDetail'))
142152 remediation = self.do_clean(item_node.findall('remediationBackground'))
153 background = self.do_clean(item_node.findall('issueBackground'))
143154
144155 self.url = host_node.text
145156
168179 self.response = response
169180 self.detail = detail
170181 self.remediation = remediation
182 self.background = background
171183
172184 def do_clean(self, value):
173185
247259 item.host,
248260 "")
249261
250 item.response = ""
251 desc = item.detail
252 resolution = item.remediation if item.remediation else ""
262 desc = "Detail\n" + item.detail
263 if item.background:
264 desc += "\nBackground\n" + item.background
265 desc = self.removeHtml(desc)
266 resolution = self.removeHtml(item.remediation) if item.remediation else ""
253267
254268 v_id = self.createAndAddVulnWebToService(
255269 h_id,
268282 def processCommandString(self, username, current_path, command_string):
269283 return None
270284
285 def removeHtml(self, markup):
286 soup = BeautifulSoup(markup, "html.parser")
287
288 # Replace line breaks and paragraphs for new lines
289 for tag in soup.find_all(["br", "p"]):
290 tag.append("\n")
291 tag.unwrap()
292
293 # Replace lists for * and new lines
294 for tag in soup.find_all(["ul", "ol"]):
295 for item in tag.find_all("li"):
296 item.insert_before("* ")
297 item.append("\n")
298 item.unwrap()
299 tag.unwrap()
300
301 # Remove all other HTML tags
302 for tag in soup.find_all():
303 tag.unwrap()
304
305 # Remove all comments
306 for child in soup.children:
307 if isinstance(child, Comment):
308 child.extract()
309
310 return str(soup)
311
271312 def setHost(self):
272313 pass
273314
+3
-5
plugins/repo/nikto/plugin.py less more
66 '''
77
88 from __future__ import with_statement
9 from plugins import core
9 from plugins import core, plugin_utils
1010 import re
1111 import os
1212 import sys
356356 s_id,
357357 name=item.desc,
358358 ref=item.osvdbid,
359 website=host.targethostname,
360359 method=item.method,
361 path=item.namelink,
362 query=item.uri,
363 params=', '.join(item.params)
360 params=', '.join(item.params),
361 **plugin_utils.get_vulnweb_url_fields(item.namelink)
364362 )
365363
366364 del parser
+13
-5
plugins/repo/sqlmap/plugin.py less more
2222 from collections import defaultdict
2323
2424 from plugins.plugin import PluginTerminalOutput
25 from plugins.plugin_utils import get_vulnweb_url_fields
2526
2627 try:
2728 import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
9293 self.params = ""
9394 self.fullpath = ""
9495 self.path = ""
96 self.ignore_parsing = False
9597
9698 self.addSetting("Sqlmap path", str, "/root/tools/sqlmap")
9799
195197 try:
196198 tree = ET.fromstring(f.read())
197199 except SyntaxError, err:
198 print "SyntaxError: %s. %s" % (err, filepath)
200 self.log("SyntaxError: %s. %s" % (err, filepath), "ERROR")
199201 return None
200202
201203 for node in tree.findall("dbms[@value='" + db + "']/" + name + ''):
381383 output being sent is valid.
382384 """
383385
386 if self.ignore_parsing:
387 return
384388 sys.path.append(self.getSetting("Sqlmap path"))
385389
386390 try:
388392 from lib.core.enums import HASHDB_KEYS
389393 from lib.core.settings import UNICODE_ENCODING
390394 except:
391 print 'ERROR: Remember set your Sqlmap Path Setting!... Abort plugin.'
395 self.log('Remember set your Sqlmap Path Setting!... Abort plugin.', 'ERROR')
392396 return
393397
394398 self.HASHDB_MILESTONE_VALUE = HASHDB_MILESTONE_VALUE
564568 self.createAndAddVulnWebToService(
565569 h_id,
566570 s_id,
567 website=self.hostname,
568571 name=inj.data[k]['title'],
569572 desc="Payload:" + str(inj.data[k]['payload']) + "\nVector:" + str(inj.data[k]['vector']) +
570573 "\nParam type:" + str(self.ptype[inj.ptype]),
573576 severity="high",
574577 method=inj.place,
575578 params=self.params,
576 path=self.fullpath)
579 **get_vulnweb_url_fields(self.fullpath))
577580
578581 def processCommandString(self, username, current_path, command_string):
579582
591594 pass
592595
593596 if args.r:
594 with open(args.r, 'r') as f:
597 filename = os.path.expanduser(args.r)
598 if not os.path.isabs(filename):
599 self.log('Please use an absolute path in -r option of sqlmap', 'ERROR')
600 self.ignore_parsing = True
601 return
602 with open(filename, 'r') as f:
595603 request = self.HTTPRequest(f.read())
596604 args.u = "http://" + request.headers['host'] + request.path
597605 f.close()
+100
-0
scripts/reposify/reposify.py less more
0 #!/usr/bin/env python
1
2 import sys
3 import xmlrpclib
4 import argparse
5 import base64
6
7 from reposify_api import *
8
9 __author__ = "Reposify"
10 __version__ = "1.0.0"
11 __email__ = "[email protected]"
12 __status__ = "Development"
13
14
15 def strip_non_ascii(string):
16 ''' Returns the string without non ASCII characters'''
17 stripped = (c for c in string if 0 < ord(c) < 127)
18 return ''.join(stripped)
19
20 def send_faraday(results):
21 for device in results['devices']:
22 send_faraday_device(device)
23
24
25 def send_faraday_device(result):
26 print 'IP: %s' % result['ip_address']
27
28 if args.debug == "1":
29 print '==============='
30 for key in result.keys():
31 print "kname:" + key + ", value:" + str(result[key])
32
33 h_id = api.createAndAddHost(str(result['ip_address']))
34 i_id = api.createAndAddInterface(h_id,str(result['ip_address']),"00:00:00:00:00:00", str(result['ip_address']), "0.0.0.0", "0.0.0.0",[],
35 "0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000","00","0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000",
36 [],"",result['domain'] if result['domain'] is not None else [])
37
38 for service in result['services']:
39 s_id = api.createAndAddServiceToInterface(h_id, i_id, str(service['name']) if service.has_key('name') else str(service['port']),
40 "tcp",[int(service['port'])],"open",str(service['version']) if service.has_key('version') else "")
41 if service['banner'] is not None:
42 service['banner'] = base64.b64encode(strip_non_ascii(str(service['banner']))) #fix: to avoid non ascii caracters
43
44 if service['banner'] is not None:
45 n_id = api.createAndAddNoteToService(h_id,s_id,"banner",str(service['banner']))
46
47 #Notes - Information geo/shadon
48 n_id = api.createAndAddNoteToHost(h_id,"geo_country",result['location']['country_name'] if result['location']['country_name'] is not None else "" )
49 n_id = api.createAndAddNoteToHost(h_id,"geo_latitude",str(result['location']['latitude']) if result['location']['latitude'] is not None else "")
50 n_id = api.createAndAddNoteToHost(h_id,"geo_longitude",str(result['location']['longitude']) if result['location']['longitude'] is not None else "")
51 n_id = api.createAndAddNoteToHost(h_id,"reposify_search_banner",args.reposify_banner)
52 n_id = api.createAndAddNoteToHost(h_id,"reposify_search_filters",args.reposify_filters)
53
54 # Input validation
55
56 #arguments parser
57 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='reposify_faraday', epilog="Example: ./%(prog)s.py -q Apache")
58 parser.add_argument('-b', '--banner', action="store", type=str, required=False, dest='reposify_banner', help='reposify search banner')
59 parser.add_argument('-f', '--filters', action="store", type=str, required=False, dest='reposify_filters', help='reposify search filter')
60 parser.add_argument('-c', '--count', action="store", type=str, required=False, dest='count', default="1", help='Numbers of pages of results to get')
61 parser.add_argument('-a', '--reposify_key', action="store", type=str, required=True, dest='skey', help='reposify key api')
62 parser.add_argument('--faradayapi', '-fapi', action='store', type=str, dest='faradayapi', default="http://127.0.0.1:9876/", help='Faraday URL Api')
63 parser.add_argument('--debug', '-d', action='store', type=str, dest='debug', default="0", help='Debug <0>,<1>')
64 parser.add_argument('--version', "-v", action='version', version='%(prog)s v1.1')
65
66 #arguments put in variables
67 args = parser.parse_args()
68
69 try:
70 # Setup the apis
71 api = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(args.faradayapi)
72
73 results = reposify_search(args.skey, args.reposify_banner, args.reposify_filters, 1)
74 print 'Results found: %s, banner "%s", filters "%s' % (results['total_count'], args.reposify_banner, args.reposify_filters)
75 send_faraday(results)
76
77 if results['pagination']['has_more'] == True:
78 for c_page in range(1,int(args.count)):
79 results = reposify_search(args.skey, args.reposify_banner, args.reposify_filters, c_page + 1)
80 send_faraday(results)
81 if results['pagination']['has_more'] != True:
82 break;
83
84 except xmlrpclib.ProtocolError as e:
85 if e.errcode == 500:
86 print "[ERROR] Faraday Api error:", sys.exc_info()[0]
87 pass
88 else:
89 print "[ERROR] Unexpected error:", sys.exc_info()[0]
90 print e.__dict__
91 raise
92
93 except Exception as e:
94 print "Unexpected error:", sys.exc_info()[0]
95 print e.__dict__
96 raise
97
98
99
+67
-0
scripts/reposify/reposify_api.py less more
0 import requests
1 import simplejson
2
3 def api_request(key, function, params=None, data=None, base_url='https://api.reposify.com', method='get', retries=1):
4 """General-purpose function to create web requests to REPOSIFY.
5
6 Arguments:
7 function -- name of the function you want to execute
8 params -- dictionary of parameters for the function
9
10 Returns
11 A dictionary containing the function's results.
12
13 """
14 # Add the API key parameter automatically
15 params['token'] = key
16
17 # Send the request
18 tries = 0
19 error = False
20 while tries <= retries:
21 try:
22 if method.lower() == 'post':
23 data = requests.post(base_url + function, simplejson.dumps(data), params=params, headers={'content-type': 'application/json'})
24 elif method.lower() == 'delete':
25 data = requests.delete(base_url + function, params=params)
26 else:
27 data = requests.get(base_url + function, params=params)
28
29 # Exit out of the loop
30 break
31 except:
32 error = True
33 tries += 1
34
35 if error and tries >= retries:
36 raise APIError('Unable to connect to Reposify')
37
38 # Check that the API key wasn't rejected
39 if data.status_code == 401:
40 try:
41 raise APIError(data.json()['error'])
42 except:
43 pass
44 raise APIError('Invalid API key')
45
46 # Parse the text into JSON
47 try:
48 data = data.json()
49 except:
50 raise APIError('Unable to parse JSON response')
51
52 # Raise an exception if an error occurred
53 if type(data) == dict and data.get('error', None):
54 raise APIError(data['error'])
55
56 # Return the data
57 return data
58
59 def reposify_search(key, banner, filters, page):
60 params = {'page' : page }
61 if banner is not None:
62 params['banner'] = banner
63 if filters is not None:
64 params['filters'] = filters
65 res = api_request(key, '/v1/insights/search', params, None, 'https://api.reposify.com', 'get', 1)
66 return res⏎
+22
-0
server/api/modules/vuln_csv.py less more
0 from flask import request, jsonify, abort
1 from server.app import app
2 from server.utils.logger import get_logger
3 from server.utils.web import gzipped, validate_workspace,\
4 get_integer_parameter, filter_request_args
5 from server.dao.vuln import VulnerabilityDAO
6
7 @gzipped
8 @app.route('/ws/vulns/create_csv', methods=['GET'])
9 def create_csv_from_vulns(workspace=None):
10
11 validate_workspace(workspace)
12
13 get_logger(__name__).debug("Request parameters: {!r}"\
14 .format(flask.request.args))
15
16 cred_filter = filter_request_args()
17
18 dao = CredentialDAO(workspace)
19 result = dao.list(cred_filter=cred_filter)
20
21 return flask.jsonify(result)
+1
-1
server/api/modules/workspaces.py less more
5555 flask.request.cookies, get_basic_auth())['workspaces']
5656 ws = get_workspace(workspace, flask.request.cookies, get_basic_auth()) if workspace in workspaces else None
5757 # TODO: When the workspace DAO is ready, we have to remove this next line
58 if not ws.get('fdate'): ws['fdate'] = ws.get('duration').get('end')
58 if not ws.get('fdate') and ws.get('duration'): ws['fdate'] = ws.get('duration').get('end')
5959 if not ws.get('description'): ws['description'] = ''
6060 return flask.jsonify(ws)
6161
+2
-1
server/config.py less more
8585 doc = {
8686 'ver': __get_version(),
8787 'lic_db': CONSTANTS.CONST_LICENSES_DB,
88 "osint": __get_osint()
88 "osint": __get_osint(),
89 'vuln_model_db': CONSTANTS.CONST_VULN_MODEL_DB
8990 }
9091 if os.path.isfile(WEB_CONFIG_FILE):
9192 os.remove(WEB_CONFIG_FILE)
+16
-1
server/dao/credential.py less more
22 # See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
33
44 from sqlalchemy.orm.query import Bundle
5 from sqlalchemy import not_
56
67 from server.dao.base import FaradayDAO
78 from server.models import Credential, EntityMetadata
1516 COLUMNS_MAP = {
1617 'couchid': [EntityMetadata.couchdb_id],
1718 'username': [Credential.username],
18 'password': [Credential.password]}
19 'password': [Credential.password],
20 'service_id': [],
21 'host_id': []}
1922
2023 STRICT_FILTERING = ["couchid"]
2124
4144
4245 # Apply filtering options to the query
4346 query = apply_search_filter(query, self.COLUMNS_MAP, search, cred_filter, self.STRICT_FILTERING)
47
48 # I apply a custom filter for search by hostId and serviceId.
49 # 'LIKE' for search by serviceId.%, that return only credentials started with serviceId.
50 if cred_filter.get('service_id') is not None:
51 query = query.filter(EntityMetadata.couchdb_id.like(cred_filter.get('service_id') + ".%"))
52
53 # 'LIKE' for search by hostId.%, with that LIKE we receive credentials of services also.
54 # I need another like for filter credentials of services (%.%.%)
55 if cred_filter.get('host_id') is not None:
56 query = query.filter(
57 EntityMetadata.couchdb_id.like(cred_filter.get('host_id') + ".%")).filter(
58 not_(EntityMetadata.couchdb_id.like("%.%.%")))
4459
4560 results = query.all()
4661 return results
+62
-51
server/dao/host.py less more
00 # Faraday Penetration Test IDE
11 # Copyright (C) 2016 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
2 # See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
2 # See the file "doc/LICENSE" for the license information
33
44 from server.dao.base import FaradayDAO
55 from server.utils.database import paginate, sort_results, apply_search_filter, get_count
77 from sqlalchemy import distinct
88 from sqlalchemy.orm.query import Bundle
99 from sqlalchemy.sql import func
10 from server.models import Host, Interface, Service, Vulnerability, EntityMetadata
10 from server.models import Host, Interface, Service, Vulnerability, EntityMetadata, Credential
1111
1212
1313 class HostDAO(FaradayDAO):
14
1415 MAPPED_ENTITY = Host
16
1517 COLUMNS_MAP = {
16 "couchid": [EntityMetadata.couchdb_id],
17 "name": [Host.name],
18 "service": [Service.name],
18 "couchid": [EntityMetadata.couchdb_id],
19 "name": [Host.name],
20 "service": [Service.name],
1921 "services": ["open_services_count"],
20 "vulns": ["vuln_count"],
21 "os": [Host.os],
22 "owned": [Host.owned],
23 "command_id":[EntityMetadata.command_id]
22 "vulns": ["vuln_count"],
23 "os": [Host.os],
24 "owned": [Host.owned],
25 "command_id": [EntityMetadata.command_id],
2426 }
27
2528 STRICT_FILTERING = ["service", "couchid", "command_id"]
2629
2730 def list(self, search=None, page=0, page_size=0, order_by=None, order_dir=None, host_filter={}):
31
2832 results, count = self.__query_database(search, page, page_size, order_by, order_dir, host_filter)
29
30 rows = [ self.__get_host_data(result.host) for result in results ]
33 rows = [self.__get_host_data(result.host) for result in results]
3134
3235 result = {
33 'total_rows': count,
34 'rows': rows
36 "total_rows": count,
37 "rows": rows
3538 }
3639
3740 return result
3841
3942 def __query_database(self, search=None, page=0, page_size=0, order_by=None, order_dir=None, host_filter={}):
40 host_bundle = Bundle('host', Host.id, Host.name, Host.os, Host.description, Host.owned,\
41 Host.default_gateway_ip, Host.default_gateway_mac, EntityMetadata.couchdb_id,\
42 EntityMetadata.revision, EntityMetadata.update_time, EntityMetadata.update_user,\
43 EntityMetadata.update_action, EntityMetadata.creator, EntityMetadata.create_time,\
44 EntityMetadata.update_controller_action, EntityMetadata.owner, EntityMetadata.command_id,\
45 func.group_concat(distinct(Interface.id)).label('interfaces'),\
46 func.count(distinct(Vulnerability.id)).label('vuln_count'),\
47 func.count(distinct(Service.id)).label('open_services_count'))
43
44 host_bundle = Bundle(
45 "host", Host.id, Host.name, Host.os, Host.description, Host.owned,
46 Host.default_gateway_ip, Host.default_gateway_mac,
47 EntityMetadata.couchdb_id, EntityMetadata.revision,
48 EntityMetadata.update_time, EntityMetadata.update_user,
49 EntityMetadata.update_action, EntityMetadata.creator,
50 EntityMetadata.create_time, EntityMetadata.update_controller_action,
51 EntityMetadata.owner, EntityMetadata.command_id,
52 func.group_concat(distinct(Interface.id)).label("interfaces"),
53 func.count(distinct(Vulnerability.id)).label("vuln_count"),
54 func.count(distinct(Service.id)).label("open_services_count"),
55 func.count(distinct(Credential.id)).label("credentials_count"))
4856
4957 query = self._session.query(host_bundle)\
5058 .outerjoin(EntityMetadata, EntityMetadata.id == Host.entity_metadata_id)\
5159 .outerjoin(Interface, Host.id == Interface.host_id)\
5260 .outerjoin(Vulnerability, Host.id == Vulnerability.host_id)\
53 .outerjoin(Service, (Host.id == Service.host_id) & (Service.status.in_(('open', 'running', 'opened'))))\
61 .outerjoin(Service, (Host.id == Service.host_id) & (Service.status.in_(("open", "running", "opened"))))\
62 .outerjoin(Credential, (Credential.host_id == Host.id) & Credential.service_id == None)\
5463 .group_by(Host.id)
5564
5665 # Apply pagination, sorting and filtering options to the query
6675 return results, count
6776
6877 def __get_host_data(self, host):
78
6979 return {
70 'id': host.couchdb_id,
71 'key': host.couchdb_id,
72 '_id': host.id,
73 'value': {
74 '_id': host.couchdb_id,
75 '_rev': host.revision,
76 'name': host.name,
77 'os': host.os,
78 'owned': host.owned,
79 'owner': host.owner,
80 'description': host.description,
81 'default_gateway': [host.default_gateway_ip, host.default_gateway_mac],
82 'metadata': {
83 'update_time': host.update_time,
84 'update_user': host.update_user,
85 'update_action': host.update_action,
86 'creator': host.creator,
87 'create_time': host.create_time,
88 'update_controller_action': host.update_controller_action,
89 'owner': host.owner,
90 'command_id': host.command_id
80 "id": host.couchdb_id,
81 "key": host.couchdb_id,
82 "_id": host.id,
83 "value": {
84 "_id": host.couchdb_id,
85 "_rev": host.revision,
86 "name": host.name,
87 "os": host.os,
88 "owned": host.owned,
89 "owner": host.owner,
90 "description": host.description,
91 "default_gateway": [host.default_gateway_ip, host.default_gateway_mac],
92 "metadata": {
93 "update_time": host.update_time,
94 "update_user": host.update_user,
95 "update_action": host.update_action,
96 "creator": host.creator,
97 "create_time": host.create_time,
98 "update_controller_action": host.update_controller_action,
99 "owner": host.owner,
100 "command_id": host.command_id
91101 },
92 'vulns': host.vuln_count,
93 'services': host.open_services_count,
94 'interfaces': map(int, host.interfaces.split(',')) if host.interfaces else [] }}
102 "vulns": host.vuln_count,
103 "services": host.open_services_count,
104 "interfaces": map(int, host.interfaces.split(",")) if host.interfaces else [],
105 "credentials": host.credentials_count
106 }}
95107
96108 def count(self, group_by=None):
97109 total_count = self._session.query(func.count(Host.id)).scalar()
98110
99111 # Return total amount of services if no group-by field was provided
100 result_count = { 'total_count': total_count }
112 result_count = {"total_count": total_count}
101113 if group_by is None:
102114 return result_count
103115
104116 # Otherwise return the amount of services grouped by the field specified
105117 # Strict restriction is applied for this entity
106 if group_by not in ['name', 'os']:
118 if group_by not in ["name", "os"]:
107119 return None
108120
109121 col = HostDAO.COLUMNS_MAP.get(group_by)[0]
110122 query = self._session.query(col, func.count()).group_by(col)
111123 res = query.all()
112124
113 result_count['groups'] = [ { group_by: value, 'count': count } for value, count in res ]
125 result_count["groups"] = [{group_by: value, "count": count} for value, count in res]
114126
115 return result_count
116
127 return result_count⏎
+16
-7
server/dao/service.py less more
66 from sqlalchemy.orm.query import Bundle
77
88 from server.dao.base import FaradayDAO
9 from server.models import Host, Interface, Service, EntityMetadata, Vulnerability
9 from server.models import Host, Interface, Service, EntityMetadata, Vulnerability, Credential
1010 from server.utils.database import apply_search_filter
1111
1212 class ServiceDAO(FaradayDAO):
2121 "version": [Service.version],
2222 "status": [Service.status],
2323 "owned": [Service.owned],
24 "hostid": [Host.id]
24 "hostid": [Host.id],
25 "hostIdCouchdb": []
2526 }
27
2628 STRICT_FILTERING = ["couchid", "interface", 'id', 'hostid']
2729
2830 def list(self, service_filter={}):
3335 func.count(distinct(Vulnerability.id)).label('vuln_count'), EntityMetadata.couchdb_id,\
3436 EntityMetadata.revision, EntityMetadata.update_time, EntityMetadata.update_user,\
3537 EntityMetadata.update_action, EntityMetadata.creator, EntityMetadata.create_time,\
36 EntityMetadata.update_controller_action, EntityMetadata.owner, EntityMetadata.command_id)
38 EntityMetadata.update_controller_action, EntityMetadata.owner, EntityMetadata.command_id,
39 func.count(distinct(Credential.id)).label("credentials_count"))
3740
3841 query = self._session.query(service_bundle).\
3942 group_by(Service.id).\
4043 outerjoin(EntityMetadata, EntityMetadata.id == Service.entity_metadata_id).\
4144 outerjoin(Vulnerability, Service.id == Vulnerability.service_id).group_by(Service.id).\
4245 outerjoin(Interface, Interface.id == Service.interface_id).\
46 outerjoin(Credential, (Credential.service_id == Service.id) and (Credential.host_id == None)).\
4347 outerjoin(Host, Host.id == Interface.host_id)
4448
4549 query = apply_search_filter(query, self.COLUMNS_MAP, None, service_filter, self.STRICT_FILTERING)
50
51 # 'LIKE' for search services started by hostId.%.%
52 if service_filter.get('hostIdCouchdb') is not None:
53 query = query.filter(
54 EntityMetadata.couchdb_id.like(service_filter.get('hostIdCouchdb') + ".%.%"))
4655
4756 raw_services = query.all()
4857 services = [self.__get_service_data(r.service) for r in raw_services]
7180 },
7281 'protocol': service.protocol,
7382 'status': service.status,
74 'ports': [ int(i) for i in service.ports.split(',') if service.ports],
83 'ports': [int(i) for i in service.ports.split(',') if service.ports],
7584 'version': service.version,
7685 'owned': service.owned,
77 'owner': service.owner
86 'owner': service.owner,
87 'credentials': service.credentials_count
7888 },
79 'vulns': service.vuln_count,
80 }
89 'vulns': service.vuln_count}
8190
8291 def count(self, group_by=None):
8392 total_count = self._session.query(func.count(Service.id)).scalar()
+30
-6
server/models.py less more
88 from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
99
1010
11 SCHEMA_VERSION = 'W.2.4.0'
11 SCHEMA_VERSION = 'W.2.5.0'
1212
1313 Base = declarative_base()
1414
431431 service = relationship('Service', back_populates='credentials')
432432
433433 def update_from_document(self, document):
434 self.username=document.get('username')
435 self.password=document.get('password', '')
436 self.owned=document.get('owned', False)
437 self.description=document.get('description', '')
438 self.name=document.get('name','')
434 self.username = document.get('username')
435 self.password = document.get('password', '')
436 self.owned = document.get('owned', False)
437 self.description = document.get('description', '')
438 self.name = document.get('name', '')
439
440 def add_relationships_from_dict(self, entities):
441 couchdb_id = self.entity_metadata.couchdb_id
442 host_id = couchdb_id.split('.')[0]
443 if host_id not in entities:
444 raise EntityNotFound(host_id)
445 self.host = entities[host_id]
446
447 parent_id = '.'.join(couchdb_id.split('.')[:-1])
448 if parent_id != host_id:
449 if parent_id not in entities:
450 raise EntityNotFound(parent_id)
451 self.service = entities[parent_id]
452
453 def add_relationships_from_db(self, session):
454 couchdb_id = self.entity_metadata.couchdb_id
455 host_id = couchdb_id.split('.')[0]
456 query = session.query(Host).join(EntityMetadata).filter(EntityMetadata.couchdb_id == host_id)
457 self.host = query.one()
458
459 parent_id = '.'.join(couchdb_id.split('.')[:-1])
460 if parent_id != host_id:
461 query = session.query(Service).join(EntityMetadata).filter(EntityMetadata.couchdb_id == parent_id)
462 self.service = query.one()
439463
440464 class Command(FaradayEntity, Base):
441465 DOC_TYPE = 'CommandRunInformation'
+6
-1
server/www/estilos.css less more
327327 /* Home Menu grande > Professional */
328328 .home-list.professional .item:nth-child(5) {clear:left;}
329329 /* Home Menu grande > Corporate */
330 .home-list.corporate .item:nth-child(5), .home-list.corporate .item:nth-child(9) {clear:left;}
330 .home-list.corporate .item:nth-child(5), .home-list.corporate .item:nth-child(9), .home-list.corporate .item:nth-child(13) {clear:left;}
331331
332332
333333 .item:nth-child(0) {-webkit-animation-delay: 0s;}
11311131
11321132 .small-size {
11331133 font-size:10px;
1134 }
1135
1136 .header_right {
1137 float: right;
1138 margin: 8px;
11341139 }⏎
+28
-1
server/www/index.html less more
5757 <!-- angular moment -->
5858 <script type="text/javascript" src="script/moment.js"></script>
5959 <script type="text/javascript" src="script/angular-moment.js"></script>
60 <script type="text/javascript" src="script/papaparse.min.js"></script>
6061 </head>
6162
6263 <body>
6364 <div id="cont">
6465 <div class="wrapper" ng-controller="indexCtrl">
6566 <header class="head">
66 <a href="#" class="ws-dashboard"><img class="logo animated fadeInDown" title="{{version}}" src="images/logo-faraday.svg" alt="Faraday home | WS Dashboard"/></a>
67 <a href="#" class="ws-dashboard" uib-tooltip="{{version}}" tooltip-placement="bottom"><img class="logo animated fadeInDown" title="{{version}}" src="images/logo-faraday.svg" alt="Faraday home | WS Dashboard"/></a>
68 <div class="btn-group dropdown header_right" uib-dropdown="" is-open="status.isopen">
69 <button id="single-button" type="button" class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" uib-dropdown-toggle="" ng-disabled="disabled" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true">
70 <i class="fa fa-cog fa-lg"></i> <span class="caret"></span>
71 </button>
72 <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" uib-dropdown-menu="" role="menu" aria-labelledby="single-button">
73 <li role="menuitem"><a href="#/workspaces">Workspaces</a></li>
74 <li role="menuitem"><a href="#/users">Users</a></li>
75 <li role="menuitem"><a href="#/licenses">Licenses</a></li>
76 <li class="divider"></li>
77 <li role="menuitem"><a href="#/help">Help</a></li>
78 <li role="menuitem"><a href="" ng-click="about()">About</a></li>
79 </ul>
80 </div><!-- .btn-group -->
6781 </header>
6882
6983 <div ng-controller="navigationCtrl" ng-include="'scripts/navigation/partials/leftBar.html'"></div>
7589 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/app.js"></script>
7690 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/attachments/providers/attachments.js"></script>
7791 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/commons/directives/contenteditable.js"></script>
92 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/commons/directives/osintLink.js"></script>
7893 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/commons/controllers/modal.js"></script>
7994 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/commons/controllers/commercialCtrl.js"></script>
8095 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/commons/providers/commons.js"></script>
92107 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/fileExporter/providers/click.js"></script>
93108 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/cwe/providers/CweService.js"></script>
94109 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/hosts/controllers/host.js"></script>
110 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/hosts/controllers/new.js"></script>
95111 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/hosts/controllers/hosts.js"></script>
96112 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/hosts/controllers/hostsModalEdit.js"></script>
97113 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/hosts/controllers/hostsModalNew.js"></script>
145161 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/d3/directives/bar.js"></script>
146162 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/d3/directives/cake.js"></script>
147163 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/d3/directives/stackedbar.js"></script>
164 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/credentials/providers/credential.js"></script>
165 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/credentials/controllers/credentials.js"></script>
166 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/credentials/controllers/modalNewEditCredentialCtrl.js"></script>
167 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/vulndb/controllers/vulnModels.js"></script>
168 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/vulndb/controllers/importFromWs.js"></script>
169 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/vulndb/controllers/modalCreateDB.js"></script>
170 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/vulndb/controllers/modalUpload.js"></script>
171 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/vulndb/controllers/modalEdit.js"></script>
172 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/vulndb/controllers/modalNew.js"></script>
173 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/vulndb/providers/vulnModel.js"></script>
174 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/vulndb/providers/vulnModels.js"></script>
148175 </body>
149176 </html>
+6
-0
server/www/script/papaparse.min.js less more
0 /*!
1 Papa Parse
2 v4.1.2
3 https://github.com/mholt/PapaParse
4 */
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s=t.readAsText(e,this._config.encoding);i||this._chunkLoaded({target:{result:s}})},this._chunkLoaded=function(e){this._start+=this._config.chunkSize,this._finished=!this._config.chunkSize||this._start>=this._input.size,this.parseChunk(e.target.result)},this._chunkError=function(){this._sendError(t.error)}}function a(e){e=e||{},n.call(this,e);var t,r;this.stream=function(e){return t=e,r=e,this._nextChunk()},this._nextChunk=function(){if(!this._finished){var e=this._config.chunkSize,t=e?r.substr(0,e):r;return r=e?r.substr(e):"",this._finished=!r,this.parseChunk(t)}}}function o(e){function t(){if(b&&d&&(h("Delimiter","UndetectableDelimiter","Unable to auto-detect delimiting character; defaulted to '"+S.DefaultDelimiter+"'"),d=!1),e.skipEmptyLines)for(var t=0;t<b.data.length;t++)1==b.data[t].length&&""==b.data[t][0]&&b.data.splice(t--,1);return r()&&n(),i()}function r(){return e.header&&0==y.length}function n(){if(b){for(var e=0;r()&&e<b.data.length;e++)for(var t=0;t<b.data[e].length;t++)y.push(b.data[e][t]);b.data.splice(0,1)}}function i(){if(!b||!e.header&&!e.dynamicTyping)return b;for(var t=0;t<b.data.length;t++){for(var r={},n=0;n<b.data[t].length;n++){if(e.dynamicTyping){var i=b.data[t][n];b.data[t][n]="true"==i||"TRUE"==i?!0:"false"==i||"FALSE"==i?!1:o(i)}e.header&&(n>=y.length?(r.__parsed_extra||(r.__parsed_extra=[]),r.__parsed_extra.push(b.data[t][n])):r[y[n]]=b.data[t][n])}e.header&&(b.data[t]=r,n>y.length?h("FieldMismatch","TooManyFields","Too many fields: expected "+y.length+" fields but parsed "+n,t):n<y.length&&h("FieldMismatch","TooFewFields","Too few fields: expected "+y.length+" fields but parsed "+n,t))}return e.header&&b.meta&&(b.meta.fields=y),b}function s(t){for(var r,n,i,s=[","," ","|",";",S.RECORD_SEP,S.UNIT_SEP],a=0;a<s.length;a++){var o=s[a],h=0,f=0;i=void 0;for(var c=new u({delimiter:o,preview:10}).parse(t),d=0;d<c.data.length;d++){var l=c.data[d].length;f+=l,"undefined"!=typeof i?l>1&&(h+=Math.abs(l-i),i=l):i=l}c.data.length>0&&(f/=c.data.length),("undefined"==typeof n||n>h)&&f>1.99&&(n=h,r=o)}return e.delimiter=r,{successful:!!r,bestDelimiter:r}}function a(e){e=e.substr(0,1048576);var t=e.split("\r");if(1==t.length)return"\n";for(var r=0,n=0;n<t.length;n++)"\n"==t[n][0]&&r++;return r>=t.length/2?"\r\n":"\r"}function o(e){var t=l.test(e);return t?parseFloat(e):e}function h(e,t,r,n){b.errors.push({type:e,code:t,message:r,row:n})}var f,c,d,l=/^\s*-?(\d*\.?\d+|\d+\.?\d*)(e[-+]?\d+)?\s*$/i,p=this,g=0,v=!1,k=!1,y=[],b={data:[],errors:[],meta:{}};if(m(e.step)){var R=e.step;e.step=function(n){if(b=n,r())t();else{if(t(),0==b.data.length)return;g+=n.data.length,e.preview&&g>e.preview?c.abort():R(b,p)}}}this.parse=function(r,n,i){if(e.newline||(e.newline=a(r)),d=!1,!e.delimiter){var o=s(r);o.successful?e.delimiter=o.bestDelimiter:(d=!0,e.delimiter=S.DefaultDelimiter),b.meta.delimiter=e.delimiter}var h=_(e);return e.preview&&e.header&&h.preview++,f=r,c=new u(h),b=c.parse(f,n,i),t(),v?{meta:{paused:!0}}:b||{meta:{paused:!1}}},this.paused=function(){return v},this.pause=function(){v=!0,c.abort(),f=f.substr(c.getCharIndex())},this.resume=function(){v=!1,p.streamer.parseChunk(f)},this.aborted=function(){return k},this.abort=function(){k=!0,c.abort(),b.meta.aborted=!0,m(e.complete)&&e.complete(b),f=""}}function u(e){e=e||{};var t=e.delimiter,r=e.newline,n=e.comments,i=e.step,s=e.preview,a=e.fastMode;if(("string"!=typeof t||S.BAD_DELIMITERS.indexOf(t)>-1)&&(t=","),n===t)throw"Comment character same as delimiter";n===!0?n="#":("string"!=typeof n||S.BAD_DELIMITERS.indexOf(n)>-1)&&(n=!1),"\n"!=r&&"\r"!=r&&"\r\n"!=r&&(r="\n");var o=0,u=!1;this.parse=function(e,h,f){function c(e){b.push(e),S=o}function d(t){return f?p():("undefined"==typeof t&&(t=e.substr(o)),w.push(t),o=g,c(w),y&&_(),p())}function l(t){o=t,c(w),w=[],O=e.indexOf(r,o)}function p(e){return{data:b,errors:R,meta:{delimiter:t,linebreak:r,aborted:u,truncated:!!e,cursor:S+(h||0)}}}function _(){i(p()),b=[],R=[]}if("string"!=typeof e)throw"Input must be a string";var g=e.length,m=t.length,v=r.length,k=n.length,y="function"==typeof i;o=0;var b=[],R=[],w=[],S=0;if(!e)return p();if(a||a!==!1&&-1===e.indexOf('"')){for(var C=e.split(r),E=0;E<C.length;E++){var w=C[E];if(o+=w.length,E!==C.length-1)o+=r.length;else if(f)return p();if(!n||w.substr(0,k)!=n){if(y){if(b=[],c(w.split(t)),_(),u)return p()}else c(w.split(t));if(s&&E>=s)return b=b.slice(0,s),p(!0)}}return p()}for(var x=e.indexOf(t,o),O=e.indexOf(r,o);;)if('"'!=e[o])if(n&&0===w.length&&e.substr(o,k)===n){if(-1==O)return p();o=O+v,O=e.indexOf(r,o),x=e.indexOf(t,o)}else if(-1!==x&&(O>x||-1===O))w.push(e.substring(o,x)),o=x+m,x=e.indexOf(t,o);else{if(-1===O)break;if(w.push(e.substring(o,O)),l(O+v),y&&(_(),u))return p();if(s&&b.length>=s)return p(!0)}else{var I=o;for(o++;;){var I=e.indexOf('"',I+1);if(-1===I)return f||R.push({type:"Quotes",code:"MissingQuotes",message:"Quoted field unterminated",row:b.length,index:o}),d();if(I===g-1){var D=e.substring(o,I).replace(/""/g,'"');return d(D)}if('"'!=e[I+1]){if(e[I+1]==t){w.push(e.substring(o,I).replace(/""/g,'"')),o=I+1+m,x=e.indexOf(t,o),O=e.indexOf(r,o);break}if(e.substr(I+1,v)===r){if(w.push(e.substring(o,I).replace(/""/g,'"')),l(I+1+v),x=e.indexOf(t,o),y&&(_(),u))return p();if(s&&b.length>=s)return p(!0);break}}else I++}}return d()},this.abort=function(){u=!0},this.getCharIndex=function(){return o}}function h(){var e=document.getElementsByTagName("script");return e.length?e[e.length-1].src:""}function f(){if(!S.WORKERS_SUPPORTED)return!1;if(!b&&null===S.SCRIPT_PATH)throw new Error("Script path cannot be determined automatically when Papa Parse is loaded asynchronously. You need to set Papa.SCRIPT_PATH manually.");var t=S.SCRIPT_PATH||v;t+=(-1!==t.indexOf("?")?"&":"?")+"papaworker";var r=new e.Worker(t);return r.onmessage=c,r.id=w++,R[r.id]=r,r}function c(e){var t=e.data,r=R[t.workerId],n=!1;if(t.error)r.userError(t.error,t.file);else if(t.results&&t.results.data){var i=function(){n=!0,d(t.workerId,{data:[],errors:[],meta:{aborted:!0}})},s={abort:i,pause:l,resume:l};if(m(r.userStep)){for(var a=0;a<t.results.data.length&&(r.userStep({data:[t.results.data[a]],errors:t.results.errors,meta:t.results.meta},s),!n);a++);delete t.results}else m(r.userChunk)&&(r.userChunk(t.results,s,t.file),delete t.results)}t.finished&&!n&&d(t.workerId,t.results)}function d(e,t){var r=R[e];m(r.userComplete)&&r.userComplete(t),r.terminate(),delete R[e]}function l(){throw"Not implemented."}function p(t){var r=t.data;if("undefined"==typeof S.WORKER_ID&&r&&(S.WORKER_ID=r.workerId),"string"==typeof r.input)e.postMessage({workerId:S.WORKER_ID,results:S.parse(r.input,r.config),finished:!0});else if(e.File&&r.input instanceof File||r.input instanceof Object){var n=S.parse(r.input,r.config);n&&e.postMessage({workerId:S.WORKER_ID,results:n,finished:!0})}}function _(e){if("object"!=typeof e)return e;var t=e instanceof Array?[]:{};for(var r in e)t[r]=_(e[r]);return t}function g(e,t){return function(){e.apply(t,arguments)}}function m(e){return"function"==typeof e}var v,k=!e.document&&!!e.postMessage,y=k&&/(\?|&)papaworker(=|&|$)/.test(e.location.search),b=!1,R={},w=0,S={};if(S.parse=t,S.unparse=r,S.RECORD_SEP=String.fromCharCode(30),S.UNIT_SEP=String.fromCharCode(31),S.BYTE_ORDER_MARK="",S.BAD_DELIMITERS=["\r","\n",'"',S.BYTE_ORDER_MARK],S.WORKERS_SUPPORTED=!k&&!!e.Worker,S.SCRIPT_PATH=null,S.LocalChunkSize=10485760,S.RemoteChunkSize=5242880,S.DefaultDelimiter=",",S.Parser=u,S.ParserHandle=o,S.NetworkStreamer=i,S.FileStreamer=s,S.StringStreamer=a,"undefined"!=typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=S:m(e.define)&&e.define.amd?define(function(){return S}):e.Papa=S,e.jQuery){var C=e.jQuery;C.fn.parse=function(t){function r(){if(0==a.length)return void(m(t.complete)&&t.complete());var e=a[0];if(m(t.before)){var r=t.before(e.file,e.inputElem);if("object"==typeof r){if("abort"==r.action)return void n("AbortError",e.file,e.inputElem,r.reason);if("skip"==r.action)return void i();"object"==typeof r.config&&(e.instanceConfig=C.extend(e.instanceConfig,r.config))}else if("skip"==r)return void i()}var s=e.instanceConfig.complete;e.instanceConfig.complete=function(t){m(s)&&s(t,e.file,e.inputElem),i()},S.parse(e.file,e.instanceConfig)}function n(e,r,n,i){m(t.error)&&t.error({name:e},r,n,i)}function i(){a.splice(0,1),r()}var s=t.config||{},a=[];return this.each(function(){var t="INPUT"==C(this).prop("tagName").toUpperCase()&&"file"==C(this).attr("type").toLowerCase()&&e.FileReader;if(!t||!this.files||0==this.files.length)return!0;for(var r=0;r<this.files.length;r++)a.push({file:this.files[r],inputElem:this,instanceConfig:C.extend({},s)})}),r(),this}}y?e.onmessage=p:S.WORKERS_SUPPORTED&&(v=h(),document.body?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){b=!0},!0):b=!0),i.prototype=Object.create(n.prototype),i.prototype.constructor=i,s.prototype=Object.create(n.prototype),s.prototype.constructor=s,a.prototype=Object.create(a.prototype),a.prototype.constructor=a}("undefined"!=typeof window?window:this);⏎
+58
-3
server/www/scripts/app.js less more
3535 "unclassified"
3636 ];
3737 return severities;
38 })())
39 .constant("EXPLOITATIONS", (function() {
40 var exploitations = [
41 "critical",
42 "high",
43 "med",
44 "low",
45 "info",
46 "unclassified"
47 ];
48 return exploitations;
3849 })())
3950 .constant("STATUSES", (function() {
4051 var statuses = [
95106 when('/host/ws/:wsId/hid/:hidId/search/:search', {
96107 templateUrl: 'scripts/services/partials/list.html',
97108 controller: 'hostCtrl',
98 title: 'Services | '
109 title: 'Host and services | '
99110 }).
100111 when('/host/ws/:wsId/hid/:hidId/search', {
101112 templateUrl: 'scripts/services/partials/list.html',
102113 controller: 'hostCtrl',
103 title: 'Services | '
114 title: 'Host and services | '
104115 }).
105116 when('/hosts', {
106117 templateUrl: 'scripts/commons/partials/workspaces.html',
110121 when('/host/ws/:wsId/hid/:hidId', {
111122 templateUrl: 'scripts/services/partials/list.html',
112123 controller: 'hostCtrl',
113 title: 'Services | '
124 title: 'Host and services | '
125 }).
126 when('/host/ws/:wsId/hid/:hidId/:edit', {
127 templateUrl: 'scripts/services/partials/list.html',
128 controller: 'hostCtrl',
129 title: 'Host and services | '
130 }).
131 when('/host/ws/:wsId/new', {
132 templateUrl: 'scripts/hosts/partials/new.html',
133 controller: 'newHostCtrl',
134 title: 'New host | '
114135 }).
115136 when('/license/lid/:lidId', {
116137 templateUrl: 'scripts/licenses/partials/license.html',
204225 templateUrl: 'scripts/commons/partials/commercial.html',
205226 controller: 'commercialCtrl',
206227 title: 'Users | '
228 }).
229 when('/credentials', {
230 templateUrl: 'scripts/credentials/partials/list.html',
231 controller: 'credentialsCtrl',
232 title: 'Credentials | '
233 }).
234 when('/credentials/ws', {
235 templateUrl: 'scripts/credentials/partials/list.html',
236 controller: 'credentialsCtrl',
237 title: 'Credentials | '
238 }).
239 when('/credentials/ws/:wsId', {
240 templateUrl: 'scripts/credentials/partials/list.html',
241 controller: 'credentialsCtrl',
242 title: 'Credentials | '
243 }).
244 when('/credentials/ws/:wsId/hid/:hId', {
245 templateUrl: 'scripts/credentials/partials/list.html',
246 controller: 'credentialsCtrl',
247 title: 'Credentials | '
248 }).
249 when('/credentials/ws/:wsId/sid/:sId', {
250 templateUrl: 'scripts/credentials/partials/list.html',
251 controller: 'credentialsCtrl',
252 title: 'Credentials | '
253 }).
254 when('/vulndb', {
255 templateUrl: 'scripts/vulndb/partials/vulndb.html',
256 controller: 'vulnModelsCtrl',
257 title: 'Vulnerabilities |'
258 }).
259 when('/data_analysis', {
260 templateUrl: 'scripts/commons/partials/commercial.html',
261 controller: 'commercialCtrl'
207262 }).
208263 otherwise({
209264 templateUrl: 'scripts/commons/partials/home.html'
+2
-0
server/www/scripts/commons/controllers/commercialCtrl.js less more
1111 $scope.header = "workspace comparison";
1212 } else if ($location.path().split("/")[1] === "communication") {
1313 $scope.header = "chat";
14 } else if ($location.path().split("/")[1] === "data_analysis") {
15 $scope.header = "data analysis";
1416 } else {
1517 $scope.header = $location.path().split("/")[1];
1618 }
+23
-0
server/www/scripts/commons/directives/osintLink.js less more
0 // Faraday Penetration Test IDE
1 // Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
2 // See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
3
4 /**
5 * @see http://docs.angularjs.org/guide/concepts
6 * @see http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.directive:ngModel.NgModelController
7 * @see https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/528#issuecomment-7573166
8 */
9
10 // TODO: Refactor to don't do one request to the server for each host
11 // TODO: urlencode query
12
13 angular.module('faradayApp')
14 .directive('osintLink', ['indexFact', function(indexFact){
15 return {
16 scope: {
17 query: '=query',
18 osint: '=osint'
19 },
20 templateUrl: 'scripts/commons/partials/osintLink.html'
21 }
22 }]);
+2
-2
server/www/scripts/commons/partials/editCWE.html less more
77 </div>
88 <div class="modal-body">
99 <div class="form-group">
10 <h5>Search CWE database by typing in the field below</h5>
11 <input type="text" ng-model="cwe_selected" class="form-control input-sm" placeholder="Search for CWE" uib-typeahead="cwe as cwe.name for cwe in cweList | filter:{name: $viewValue} | limitTo:10" typeahead-on-select="populate($item, $model, $label)">
10 <h5>Search vulnerability template database by typing in the field below</h5>
11 <input type="text" ng-model="cwe_selected" class="form-control input-sm" placeholder="Search for vulnerability template" uib-typeahead="cwe as cwe.name for cwe in cweList | filter:{name: $viewValue} | limitTo:10" typeahead-on-select="populate($item, $model, $label)">
1212 </div>
1313 <div class="form-group">
1414 <h5>Name</h5>
+15
-23
server/www/scripts/commons/partials/home.html less more
2626 <strong>Manage findings</strong>
2727 </small>
2828 </a>
29 <a href="#/workspaces" class="ws-link item animated flipInX">
30 <img src="images/ico-workspaces.svg" />
31 <span class="ws-name">Workspaces</span>
32 <small>
33 Create and edit projects.<br/>
34 <strong>Manage your projects</strong>
35 </small>
36 </a>
3729 <a href="#/hosts" class="ws-link item animated flipInX">
3830 <i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-4x icons-color-home"></i>
3931 <span class="ws-name">Hosts</span>
4234 <strong>Manage your hosts</strong>
4335 </small>
4436 </a>
45 <a href="#/users" class="ws-link item animated flipInX">
46 <img src="images/ico-users.svg" />
47 <span class="ws-name">Users</span>
37 <a href="#/credentials" class="ws-link item animated flipInX">
38 <i class="fa fa-key fa-4x icons-color-home"></i>
39 <span class="ws-name">Credentials</span>
4840 <small>
49 Create and edit members.<br/>
50 <strong>Manage your Team</strong>
41 <br>Create and edit credentials</br>
42 <strong>Manage your credentials</strong>
5143 </small>
5244 </a>
5345 <a href="#/executive" class="ws-link item animated flipInX">
8274 <strong>UI Web</strong>
8375 </small>
8476 </a>
85 <a href="#/licenses" class="ws-link item animated flipInX">
86 <i class="fa fa-certificate fa-4x icons-color-home"></i>
87 <span class="ws-name">Licenses</span>
77 <a href="#/vulndb" class="ws-link item animated flipInX">
78 <i class="fa fa-bug fa-4x icons-color-home"></i>
79 <span class="ws-name">Vuln Templates</span>
8880 <small>
89 Never miss a license expiration.<br/>
90 <strong>Manage your licenses</strong>
81 Add consistency to your workspaces.<br/>
82 <strong>Manage your vuln templates</strong>
9183 </small>
9284 </a>
93 <a href="#/help" class="ws-link item animated flipInX">
94 <i class="fa fa-question fa-4x icons-color-home"></i>
95 <span class="ws-name">Help</span>
85 <a href="#/data_analysis" class="ws-link item animated flipInX">
86 <i class="fa fa-area-chart fa-4x icons-color-home"></i>
87 <span class="ws-name">Data analysis</span>
9688 <small>
97 Having some questions?<br/>
98 <strong>Get some help</strong>
89 Analyze historic data.<br/>
90 <strong>View trends from projects</strong>
9991 </small>
10092 </a>
10193 </div><!-- .ws-list -->
+23
-0
server/www/scripts/commons/partials/modalAbout.html less more
0 <!-- Faraday Penetration Test IDE -->
1 <!-- Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/) -->
2 <!-- See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information -->
3
4 <div class="modal-header">
5 <h4 class="modal-title"><img src="/_ui/images/faraday-iso.svg" height="30" style="display: inline; padding: 5px; vertical-align:middle;"> About Faraday</h4>
6 </div>
7 <div class="modal-body">
8 <h2>Faraday <b>{{version}}</b> <small>by <a href="http://infobytesec.com">Infobyte Security</a></small></h2>
9 <br/>
10 <h5>The collaborative penetration test environment the world needed!</h5>
11 </div><!-- .modal-body -->
12 <div class="modal-footer container-fluid" style="text-align: center;">
13 <div class="col-md-4">
14 <a href="http://github.com/infobyte/faraday/blob/master/RELEASE.md" target="_blank">What's new</a>
15 </div>
16 <div class="col-md-4">
17 <a href="http://github.com/infobyte/faraday/blob/master/AUTHORS" target="_blank">Authors</a>
18 </div>
19 <div class="col-md-4">
20 <a href="http://github.com/infobyte/faraday/wiki" target="_blank">Documentation</a>
21 </div>
22 </div>
+13
-0
server/www/scripts/commons/partials/modalOK.html less more
0 <!-- Faraday Penetration Test IDE -->
1 <!-- Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/) -->
2 <!-- See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information -->
3
4 <div class="modal-header">
5 <h3 class="modal-title"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok"></span>Great!</h3>
6 </div>
7 <div class="modal-body">
8 <h5>{{ msg }}</h5>
9 </div><!-- .modal-body -->
10 <div class="modal-footer">
11 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-click="ok()">OK</button>
12 </div>
+3
-0
server/www/scripts/commons/partials/osintLink.html less more
0 <a href="//{{osint.host}}{{osint.prefix}}{{query}}{{osint.suffix}}" uib-tooltip="Search in {{osint.label}}" target="_blank">
1 <img ng-src="{{osint.icon}}" height="15px" width="15px" />
2 </a>
+5
-3
server/www/scripts/commons/providers/server.js less more
6060 if (typeof is_update === "undefined") {var is_update = false;}
6161 if (is_update && !data._rev) {
6262 // ok, undefined, you win
63 console.log('ok, undefined, you win');
6364 return get(url).then(function s(r) {
6465 data._rev = r.data._rev;
6566 return serverComm("PUT", url, data);
276277 return ServerAPI.getServicesBy(wsName, 'name');
277278 }
278279
279 ServerAPI.getServicesByHost = function(wsName) {
280 return ServerAPI.getServicesBy(wsName, 'hostid');
280 ServerAPI.getServicesByHost = function(wsName, hostId) {
281 var url = createGetUrl(wsName, 'services');
282 return get(url, {"hostIdCouchdb": hostId});
281283 }
282284
283285 ServerAPI.getVulnsBySeverity = function(wsName, confirmed) {
412414 }
413415
414416 ServerAPI.deleteCredential = function(wsName, credentialId, rev) {
415 var deleteUrl = createDeleteUrl(wsName, credentialid, rev);
417 var deleteUrl = createDeleteUrl(wsName, credentialId, rev);
416418 if (typeof rev === "undefined") {
417419 return _delete(deleteUrl, false)
418420 }
+2
-0
server/www/scripts/config/services/config.js less more
88 .then(function(conf) {
99 configSrv.faraday_version = conf.data.ver;
1010 configSrv.license_db = conf.data.lic_db;
11 configSrv.vulnModelsDB = conf.data.vuln_model_db
1112 });
1213
1314 configSrv = {
1415 faraday_version: null,
1516 license_db: null,
17 vulnModelsDB: null,
1618 promise: p
1719 }
1820
+287
-0
server/www/scripts/credentials/controllers/credentials.js less more
0 // Faraday Penetration Test IDE
1 // Copyright (C) 2017 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
2 // See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
3
4 "use strict";
5
6 angular.module('faradayApp')
7 .controller('credentialsCtrl',
8 ['$scope', '$filter', '$q', '$uibModal', '$routeParams', '$window', 'commonsFact', 'credential', 'ServerAPI', 'workspacesFact',
9 function($scope, $filter, $q, $uibModal, $routeParams, $window, commonsFact, credential, ServerAPI, workspacesFact) {
10
11 $scope.workspace;
12 $scope.workspaces;
13 $scope.credentials = [];
14 // Contains: type of parent(Host or Service), id(Couchid and internal id) of that and name of host and/or name of service(For show in view)
15 $scope.parentObject = new Object();
16
17 // table stuff
18 $scope.reverse;
19 $scope.search;
20 $scope.selectall_credentials;
21 $scope.sort_field;
22
23 var getParent = function() {
24
25 var deferred = $q.defer();
26
27 // Host is our parent.
28 if($routeParams.hId !== undefined){
29
30 // Load all host information needed.
31 $scope.parentObject.type = 'Host';
32 $scope.parentObject.id = $routeParams.hId;
33
34 ServerAPI.getObj($scope.workspace, $scope.parentObject.id).then(function (response) {
35 $scope.parentObject.nameHost = response['data']['name'];
36 deferred.resolve();
37 });
38 }
39
40 // Service is our parent.
41 if($routeParams.sId !== undefined){
42
43 // Load all service information needed.
44 $scope.parentObject.type = 'Service';
45 $scope.parentObject.id = $routeParams.sId;
46
47 ServerAPI.getObj($scope.workspace, $scope.parentObject.id).then(function (response) {
48 $scope.parentObject.nameService = response['data']['name'];
49
50 // and also, load all host information needed.
51 var hostId = response['data']['_id'].split('.')[0];
52
53 ServerAPI.getObj($scope.workspace, hostId).then(function (response) {
54 $scope.parentObject.nameHost = response['data']['name'];
55 deferred.resolve();
56 });
57 });
58 }
59 // We dont have parent, resolve promise.
60 deferred.resolve();
61 return deferred.promise;
62 };
63
64 var loadCredentials = function (credentials){
65 credentials.forEach(function(cred){
66
67 var object = new credential(cred.value);
68 object.getParentName($scope.workspace).then(function(response){
69 object.target = response;
70 });
71 $scope.credentials.push(object);
72
73 });
74 };
75
76 var getAndLoadCredentials = function() {
77
78 // Load all credentials, we dont have a parent.
79 if($scope.parentObject.type === undefined){
80 ServerAPI.getCredentials($scope.workspace).then(function(response){
81 loadCredentials(response.data.rows);
82 });
83 }
84 else {
85 // Load all credentials, filtered by host internal id or service internal id.
86 if ($scope.parentObject.type === 'Host')
87 var data = {'host_id': $scope.parentObject.id};
88 else if ($scope.parentObject.type === 'Service')
89 var data = {'service_id': $scope.parentObject.id};
90
91 ServerAPI.getCredentials($scope.workspace, data).then(function(response){
92 loadCredentials(response.data.rows);
93 });
94 }
95 };
96
97 var init = function() {
98
99 // table stuff
100 $scope.selectall_credentials = false;
101 $scope.sort_field = "end";
102 $scope.reverse = true;
103
104 // Load all workspaces to list 'choose workspace'
105 workspacesFact.list().then(function(wss) {
106 $scope.workspaces = wss;
107 });
108
109 $scope.workspace = $routeParams.wsId;
110
111 getParent().then(function(){
112 getAndLoadCredentials();
113 });
114 };
115
116 var removeFromView = function(credential){
117 $scope.credentials.forEach(function(item, index){
118 if (item._id === credential._id)
119 $scope.credentials.splice(index, 1);
120 });
121 };
122
123 // Delete to server.
124 var remove = function(credentialsToDelete) {
125
126 var confirmations = [];
127
128 credentialsToDelete.forEach(function(credToDelete) {
129 var deferred = $q.defer();
130
131 $scope.credentials.forEach(function(credentialLocal){
132 if(credentialLocal._id == credToDelete._id){
133 credentialLocal.delete($scope.workspace).then(function(resp) {
134 deferred.resolve(resp);
135 removeFromView(credentialLocal);
136 }, function(message) {
137 deferred.reject(message);
138 });
139 confirmations.push(deferred);
140 }
141 });
142 });
143 return $q.all(confirmations);
144 };
145
146 var createCredential = function(credentialData, parent_id){
147 // Add parent id, create credential and save to server.
148 try {
149 var credentialObj = new credential(credentialData, parent_id);
150
151 credentialObj.create($scope.workspace).then(function(){
152 $scope.credentials.push(credentialObj);
153 }, function(){
154 console.log('Error creating credential.');
155 });
156
157 } catch (error) {
158 console.log(error);
159 }
160 };
161
162 var editCredential = function(credentialEdited, idCredentialEdited){
163 $scope.credentials.forEach(function(item, index){
164 if (item._id === idCredentialEdited){
165 item.name = credentialEdited.name;
166 item.username = credentialEdited.username;
167 item.password = credentialEdited.password;
168 item.update($scope.workspace);
169 }
170 });
171 };
172
173 // Binded to New button.
174 $scope.new = function() {
175 var modal = $uibModal.open({
176 templateUrl: 'scripts/credentials/partials/modalNewEdit.html',
177 controller: 'modalNewEditCredentialCtrl',
178 size: 'lg',
179 resolve: {
180 title: function(){
181 return 'New credential';
182 },
183 credential: function(){
184 return undefined;
185 }
186 }
187 });
188 modal.result
189 .then(function(data) {
190 createCredential(data, $scope.parentObject.id);
191 });
192 };
193
194 // Binded to Edit button.
195 $scope.edit = function() {
196
197 var credentialToEdit = $scope.selectedCredentials()[0];
198
199 var modal = $uibModal.open({
200 templateUrl: 'scripts/credentials/partials/modalNewEdit.html',
201 controller: 'modalNewEditCredentialCtrl',
202 size: 'lg',
203 resolve: {
204 title: function(){
205 return 'Edit credential';
206 },
207 credential: function(){
208 return credentialToEdit;
209 }
210 }
211 });
212
213 modal.result
214 .then(function(data) {
215 editCredential(data, credentialToEdit._id);
216 });
217 };
218
219 // Binded to Delete button, internal logic.
220 $scope.delete = function() {
221 var selected = $scope.selectedCredentials();
222
223 var message = "A credential will be deleted";
224 if(selected.length > 1) {
225 message = selected.length + " credentials will be deleted";
226 }
227 message = message.concat(". This operation cannot be undone. Are you sure you want to proceed?");
228 $uibModal.open({
229 templateUrl: 'scripts/commons/partials/modalDelete.html',
230 controller: 'commonsModalDelete',
231 size: 'lg',
232 resolve: {
233 msg: function() {
234 return message;
235 }
236 }
237 }).result.then(function() {
238 remove(selected);
239 }, function() {
240 //dismised, do nothing
241 });
242 };
243
244 $scope.selectedCredentials = function() {
245 var selected = [];
246
247 $filter('filter')($scope.credentials, $scope.search).forEach(function(credential) {
248 if(credential.selected === true) {
249 selected.push(credential);
250 }
251 });
252
253 return selected;
254 };
255
256 $scope.checkAll = function() {
257 $scope.selectall_credentials = !$scope.selectall_credentials;
258
259 var tmp_credentials = $filter('filter')($scope.credentials, $scope.search);
260 tmp_credentials.forEach(function(credential) {
261 credential.selected = $scope.selectall_credentials;
262 });
263 };
264
265 // toggles sort field and order
266 $scope.toggleSort = function(field) {
267 $scope.toggleSortField(field);
268 $scope.toggleReverse();
269 };
270
271 // toggles column sort field
272 $scope.toggleSortField = function(field) {
273 $scope.sort_field = field;
274 };
275
276 // toggle column sort order
277 $scope.toggleReverse = function() {
278 $scope.reverse = !$scope.reverse;
279 };
280
281 $scope.reloadPage = function() {
282 $window.location.reload();
283 };
284
285 init();
286 }]);
+37
-0
server/www/scripts/credentials/controllers/modalNewEditCredentialCtrl.js less more
0 // Faraday Penetration Test IDE
1 // Copyright (C) 2017 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
2 // See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
3
4 "use strict";
5
6 angular.module('faradayApp')
7 .controller('modalNewEditCredentialCtrl',
8 ['$scope', '$modalInstance', 'title', 'credential',
9 function($scope, $modalInstance, title, credential) {
10
11 $scope.title = title;
12
13 $scope.credentialData = {
14 'name': '',
15 'username': '',
16 'password': ''
17 };
18
19 var init = function(){
20 if(credential !== undefined){
21 $scope.credentialData.name = credential.name;
22 $scope.credentialData.username = credential.username;
23 $scope.credentialData.password = credential.password;
24 }
25 };
26
27 $scope.ok = function() {
28 $modalInstance.close($scope.credentialData);
29 };
30
31 $scope.cancel = function() {
32 $modalInstance.dismiss('cancel');
33 };
34
35 init();
36 }]);⏎
+87
-0
server/www/scripts/credentials/partials/list.html less more
0 <!-- Faraday Penetration Test IDE -->
1 <!-- Copyright (C) 2017 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/) -->
2 <!-- See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information -->
3
4 <section id="main" class="seccion clearfix">
5 <div class="right-main"><div id="reports-main" class="fila clearfix">
6 <h2 class="ws-label">
7
8 <span id="ws-name" ng-show="parentObject.type" title="Credentials">{{credentials.length > 0? credentials.length: 'Not found'}} credentials for {{parentObject.type}} {{parentObject.nameHost}}{{parentObject.nameService? '/' + parentObject.nameService: ''}} </span>
9 <span id="ws-name" ng-show="!parentObject.type && workspace" title="Credentials">{{credentials.length > 0? credentials.length: 'Not found'}} credentials for workspace {{workspace}}</span>
10 <span id="ws-name" ng-show="!workspace" title="Credentials">Select a workspace</span>
11
12 <div id="ws-control" class="btn-group">
13 <button id="refresh" type="button" class="btn btn-danger" title="Refresh current workspace" ng-click="reloadPage()">
14 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-refresh"></span>
15 </button>
16
17 <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" title="Change current workspace">
18 Change workspace <span class="caret"></span>
19 </button>
20 <ul id="nav" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" role="menu">
21 <li ng-repeat="ws in workspaces"><a href="#/credentials/ws/{{ws}}" class="ws" >{{ws}}</a></li>
22 </ul><!-- WS navigation -->
23 </div>
24
25 <button id="delete" type="button" class="btn btn-default" title="Delete selected credentials" ng-disabled="selectedCredentials().length == 0" ng-click="delete()">
26 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash"></span>
27 Delete
28 </button>
29 <button id="merge" type="button" class="btn btn-default" title="Edit selected credentials" ng-disabled="selectedCredentials().length != 1" ng-click="edit()">
30 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil"></span>
31 Edit
32 </button>
33 <button id="merge" type="button" class="btn btn-success" title="New credential" ng-if="parentObject.type" ng-click="new()">
34 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign"></span>
35 New
36 </button>
37 </h2><!-- .ws-label -->
38 </div>
39 <div class="reports col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12">
40 <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-3 col-xs-11">
41 <div class="form-group">
42 <div class="input-group">
43 <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm" ng-model="search" placeholder="enter keywords" />
44 <span class="input-group-btn">
45 <button class="btn btn-sm" type="button">
46 <i class="fa fa-search"></i>
47 </button>
48 </span>
49 </div>
50 </div>
51 </div>
52 <table class="status-report licenses-list table table-responsive">
53 <thead>
54 <tr>
55 <th><input type="checkbox" ng-model="selectall" ng-click="checkAll()"/></th>
56 <th ng-if="!parentObject.type">
57 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('target')">Target</a>
58 </th>
59 <th>
60 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('name')">Name</a>
61 </th>
62 <th>
63 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('username')">Username</a>
64 </th>
65 <th>
66 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('password')">Password</a>
67 </th>
68 </tr>
69 </thead>
70 <tbody>
71 <tr ng-repeat="credential in credentials | filter:search | orderBy:sort_field:reverse"
72 selection-model selection-model-type="checkbox"
73 selection-model-mode="multiple-additive"
74 selection-model-selected-class="multi-selected"
75 selection-model-on-change="selectedCredentials()">
76 <td><input type="checkbox" name="{{credential._id}}"/></td>
77 <td ng-if="!parentObject.type"> {{credential.target}} </td>
78 <td>{{credential.name}}</td>
79 <td>{{credential.username}}</td>
80 <td>{{credential.password}}</td>
81 </tr>
82 </tbody>
83 </table>
84 </div>
85 </div></div>
86 </section>
+33
-0
server/www/scripts/credentials/partials/modalNewEdit.html less more
0 <!-- Faraday Penetration Test IDE -->
1 <!-- Copyright (C) 2017 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/) -->
2 <!-- See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information -->
3
4 <form name="form" novalidate>
5 <div class="modal-header">
6 <h3 class="modal-title">{{title}}</h3>
7 </div>
8 <div class="modal-body">
9 <div class="form-horizontal">
10 <h5>
11 <b>Credential</b>
12 </h5>
13 <div class="form-group">
14 <div class="col-md-3" ng-class="{'has-error': form.nameCredential.$invalid}">
15 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="nameCredential" name="nameCredential" placeholder="Name" ng-model="credentialData.name" ng-required="credentialData.username || credentialData.password"/>
16 </div>
17 <div class="col-md-3" ng-class="{'has-error': form.usernameCredential.$invalid}">
18 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="usernameCredential" name="usernameCredential" placeholder="Username" ng-model="credentialData.username" ng-required="credentialData.name || credentialData.password"/>
19 </div>
20 <div class="col-md-3" ng-class="{'has-error': form.passwordCredential.$invalid}">
21 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="passwordCredential" name="passwordCredential" placeholder="Password" ng-model="credentialData.password" ng-required="credentialData.name || credentialData.username"/>
22 </div>
23 </div>
24 </div>
25 </div>
26 <div class="modal-footer">
27 <div class="modal-button">
28 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-disabled="form.$invalid" ng-click="ok()">OK</button>
29 <button class="btn btn-danger" ng-click="cancel()">Cancel</button>
30 </div>
31 </div>
32 </form>
+172
-0
server/www/scripts/credentials/providers/credential.js less more
0 // Faraday Penetration Test IDE
1 // Copyright (C) 2017 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
2 // See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
3
4 "use strict";
5
6 angular.module('faradayApp')
7 .factory('credential', ['ServerAPI', '$q',
8 function(ServerAPI, $q) {
9
10 // All credentials need this properties minimum for build object.
11 var _credentialFields = {
12 '_id': 'string',
13 'name': 'string',
14 'username': 'string',
15 'password': 'string',
16 'type': 'string',
17 };
18
19 // Only this properties will be saved to server.
20 var _credentialFieldsSaveToServer = {
21 '_id': 'string',
22 '_rev': 'string',
23 'name': 'string',
24 'username': 'string',
25 'metadata': 'string',
26 'password': 'string',
27 'type': 'string',
28 };
29
30 var Credential;
31 Credential = function(data, parent){
32 if(data) {
33 this.set(data, parent);
34 }
35 };
36
37 Credential.prototype = {
38 // Build object.
39 set: function(data, parent) {
40
41 data.type = 'Cred';
42 if(data.metadata === undefined)
43 data.metadata = '';
44 if(data._id === undefined && parent)
45 data['_id'] = _generateID(parent, data.name, data.username, data.password);
46
47 _checkFieldsOk(data);
48 angular.extend(this, data);
49 },
50
51 // Find object in server and build that.
52 load: function(ws, id){
53
54 var deferred = $q.defer();
55 var self = this;
56
57 ServerAPI.getObj(ws, id).then(function(response){
58 angular.extend(self, response.data);
59 deferred.resolve();
60 });
61
62 return deferred.promise;
63 },
64
65 // Delete object object in server.
66 delete: function(ws) {
67 return ServerAPI.deleteCredential(ws, this._id, this._rev);
68 },
69
70 // Update object in server.
71 update: function(ws) {
72 var self = this;
73 self.metadata = updateMetadata(self.metadata);
74
75 return ServerAPI.updateCredential(ws, buildObjectServer(self))
76 .then(function(credentialData) {
77 self._rev = credentialData.rev;
78 });
79 },
80
81 // Create object in server.
82 create: function(ws) {
83 var self = this;
84 self.metadata = generateCreateMetadata();
85
86 return ServerAPI.createCredential(ws, buildObjectServer(self)).
87 then(function(credential_data) {
88 self._rev = credential_data.rev;
89 });
90 },
91
92 getParentName: function(ws){
93
94 var deferred = $q.defer();
95
96 var result = this._id.split('.');
97 var hostIdToSearch = undefined;
98 var serviceIdToSearch = undefined;
99
100 //Parent is Host
101 if (result.length === 2){
102 hostIdToSearch = result[0];
103
104 ServerAPI.getObj(ws, hostIdToSearch).then(function(response){
105 deferred.resolve(response.data.name);
106 });
107 }
108
109 //Parent is Service
110 else if (result.length === 4){
111 hostIdToSearch = result[0];
112 serviceIdToSearch = result.slice(0, result.length - 1).join('.');
113
114 ServerAPI.getObj(ws, hostIdToSearch).then(function(responseHost){
115 ServerAPI.getObj(ws, serviceIdToSearch).then(function(responseService){
116 deferred.resolve(responseHost.data.name + '/' + responseService.data.name);
117 });
118 });
119 }
120
121 return deferred.promise;
122 }
123 };
124
125 var _generateID = function(parent, name, username, password){
126 var id = parent + '.' + CryptoJS.SHA1([name, username, password].join('._.')).toString();
127 return id;
128 };
129
130 // Check object to construct have all fields and also, type of they are OK.
131 // All fields in _credentialFields should are in object.
132 var _checkFieldsOk = function(credential){
133
134 Object.keys(_credentialFields).forEach(function(key, index) {
135 // Credential dont have property or type of property in credential dont same.
136 if(!credential.hasOwnProperty(key) || typeof(credential[key]) !== _credentialFields[key])
137 throw 'Credential-Invalid fields: Invalid fields in credential creation: ' + key;
138 });
139 };
140
141 // Build a credential object with only properties specified in _credentialFieldsSaveToServer (properties to save in server).
142 var buildObjectServer = function(credential){
143
144 var serverObject = {};
145 Object.keys(_credentialFieldsSaveToServer).forEach(function(key, index) {
146 if(credential.hasOwnProperty(key))
147 serverObject[key] = credential[key];
148 });
149 return serverObject;
150 };
151
152 var generateCreateMetadata = function() {
153
154 return {
155 'update_time': new Date().getTime(),
156 'update_user': '',
157 'update_action': 0,
158 'creator': 'UI Web',
159 'create_time': new Date().getTime(),
160 'update_controller_action': '',
161 'owner': ''
162 };
163 };
164
165 var updateMetadata = function(metadata) {
166 metadata['update_time'] = new Date().getTime();
167 return metadata;
168 };
169
170 return Credential;
171 }]);
+7
-1
server/www/scripts/csv/providers/csv.js less more
99 var values = angular.copy(values);
1010 var obj_content = "",
1111 aProperties = [];
12 if (ws === null) {
13 var title = 'Vulnerability Model CSV'
14 } else {
15 var title = "SR-" + ws
16 }
17
1218
1319 for(key in properties) {
1420 if(properties.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
4450 var csvObj = {
4551 "content": content,
4652 "extension": "csv",
47 "title": "SR-" + ws,
53 "title": title,
4854 "type": "text/csv"
4955 };
5056
+28
-29
server/www/scripts/cwe/providers/CweService.js less more
22 // See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
33
44 angular.module('faradayApp')
5 .factory('cweFact', ['BASEURL', '$http', '$q', function(BASEURL, $http, $q) {
5 .factory('cweFact', ['BASEURL', '$http', '$q', 'vulnModelsManager', function(BASEURL, $http, $q, vulnModelsManager) {
66 var cweFact = {};
7 cweFact.cweList = [];
87
98 // XXX: this is still not using the server
109 cweFact.get = function() {
10 var cweList = [];
1111 var deferred = $q.defer();
1212 var cwe_url = BASEURL + 'cwe/_all_docs?include_docs=true';
13 if (cweFact.cweList.length > 0) {
14 deferred.resolve(cweFact.cweList);
15 } else {
16 $http.get(cwe_url).then(function(res) {
17 res.data.rows.forEach(function(obj) {
18 var c = {
19 id: obj.id,
20 cwe: obj.doc.cwe,
21 name: obj.doc.name,
22 desc: "Summary: " + obj.doc.desc_summary + "\n\n" + obj.doc.description,
23 resolution: obj.doc.resolution,
24 exploitation: obj.doc.exploitation,
25 refs: obj.doc.references
26 };
27 if (typeof(obj.doc.references) == "string") {
28 c.refs = [];
29 obj.doc.references.split('\n').forEach(function(ref) {
30 if (ref != "") {
31 c.refs.push(ref);
32 }
33 });
34 }
35 cweFact.cweList.push(c);
36 });
37 deferred.resolve(cweFact.cweList);
13 $http.get(cwe_url).then(function(res) {
14 res.data.rows.forEach(function(obj) {
15 var description = "";
16
17 if(obj.doc.description) description += obj.doc.description;
18
19 var c = {
20 id: obj.id,
21 cwe: obj.doc.cwe,
22 name: obj.doc.name,
23 desc: description,
24 resolution: obj.doc.resolution,
25 exploitation: obj.doc.exploitation,
26 refs: obj.doc.references
27 };
28 if (typeof(obj.doc.references) == "string") {
29 c.refs = [];
30 obj.doc.references.split('\n').forEach(function(ref) {
31 if (ref != "") {
32 c.refs.push(ref);
33 }
34 });
35 }
36 cweList.push(c);
3837 });
39 }
40
38 deferred.resolve(cweList);
39 });
4140 return deferred.promise;
4241 };
4342
+4
-4
server/www/scripts/dashboard/controllers/summarizedCtrlServicesModal.js less more
33
44 angular.module('faradayApp')
55 .controller('summarizedCtrlServicesModal',
6 ['$scope', '$modalInstance', 'dashboardSrv', 'workspace', 'host', 'osint',
7 function($scope, $modalInstance, dashboardSrv, workspace, host, osint) {
6 ['$scope', '$modalInstance', 'dashboardSrv', 'workspace', 'host', 'osint', 'ServerAPI',
7 function($scope, $modalInstance, dashboardSrv, workspace, host, osint, ServerAPI) {
88
99 $scope.host = host
1010 $scope.sortField = 'port';
2727 $scope.sortReverse = !$scope.sortReverse;
2828 }
2929
30 dashboardSrv.getServicesByHost(workspace, host._id).then(function(services){
30 ServerAPI.getServicesByHost(workspace, host._id).then(function(response){
3131 dashboardSrv.getName(workspace, host._id).then(function(name){
3232 $scope.name = name;
33 $scope.services = services;
33 $scope.services = response.data.services;
3434 })
3535 });
3636
+1
-3
server/www/scripts/dashboard/partials/compound.html less more
2222 <tr ng-repeat="host in hosts">
2323 <td class="col-xs-6">
2424 <a href="" class="host" ng-click="showServices(host)">{{host.name}}</a>
25 <a href="//{{osint.host}}/search?query={{host.name}}" uib-tooltip="Search in {{osint.label}}" target="_blank">
26 <img ng-src="images/{{osint.icon}}.png" height="15px" width="15px" />
27 </a>
25 <osint-link query="host.name" osint="osint"></osint-link>
2826 </td>
2927 <td class="col-xs-6">{{host.services}}</td>
3028 <td class="col-xs-4">
+1
-3
server/www/scripts/dashboard/partials/modal-hosts-by-service.html less more
1919 <td><input disabled type="checkbox" ng-model="host.owned"/></td>
2020 <td>
2121 {{host.name}}
22 <a href="//{{osint.host}}/search?query={{host.name}}" uib-tooltip="Search in {{osint.label}}" target="_blank">
23 <img ng-src="images/{{osint.icon}}.png" height="15px" width="15px" />
24 </a>
22 <osint-link query="host.name" osint="osint"></osint-link>
2523 </td>
2624 <td>{{host.os}}</td>
2725 </tr>
+7
-11
server/www/scripts/dashboard/partials/modal-services-by-host.html less more
1919 <tbody>
2020 <tr ng-repeat="srv in services | orderBy:sortField:sortReverse">
2121 <td>
22 {{srv.name}}
23 <a href="//{{osint.hostl}}/search?query={{srv.name}}" uib-tooltip="Search in {{osint.label}}" target="_blank">
24 <img ng-src="images/{{osint.icon}}.png" height="15px" width="15px"/>
25 </a>
22 {{srv.value.name}}
23 <osint-link query="srv.value.name" osint="osint"></osint-link>
2624 </td>
27 <td>{{srv.description}}</td>
25 <td>{{srv.value.description}}</td>
2826 <td>
29 {{srv.ports}}
30 <a href="//{{osint.host}}/search?query=port:{{srv.ports}}" uib-tooltip="Search in {{osint.label}}" target="_blank">
31 <img ng-src="images/{{osint.icon}}.png" height="15px" width="15px" />
32 </a>
27 {{srv.value.ports.toString().replace("[]", "")}}
28 <osint-link query="srv.value.ports.toString().replace('[]', '')" osint="osint"></osint-link>
3329 </td>
34 <td>{{srv.protocol}}</td>
35 <td>{{srv.status}}</td>
30 <td>{{srv.value.protocol}}</td>
31 <td>{{srv.value.status}}</td>
3632 </tr>
3733 </tbody>
3834 <div class="col md-12" style="border-top:1px solid #e5e5e5">
+4
-6
server/www/scripts/dashboard/providers/dashboard.js less more
300300 return deferred.promise;
301301 };
302302
303 // XXX: still uses a CouchDB view
304 // server hasn't implemented services/count?group_by=host
305303 dashboardSrv.getServicesByHost = function(ws, host_id) {
306 var deferred = $q.defer();
307 var url = BASEURL + "/" + ws + "/_design/services/_view/byhost?key=\"" + host_id + "\"";
308 dashboardSrv._getView(url).then(function(res){
304
305 var deferred = $q.defer();
306 ServerAPI.getServicesByHost(ws, host_id).then(function(res){
309307 var tmp = [];
310 res.forEach(function(service){
308 res.data.services.forEach(function(service){
311309 var _service = service.value;
312310 _service["id"] = service.id;
313311 _service["port"] = _service.ports;
+98
-6
server/www/scripts/hosts/controllers/host.js less more
44 angular.module('faradayApp')
55 .controller('hostCtrl',
66 ['$scope', '$cookies', '$filter', '$location', '$route', '$routeParams', '$uibModal', '$q',
7 'hostsManager', 'workspacesFact', 'dashboardSrv', 'servicesManager',
7 'hostsManager', 'workspacesFact', 'dashboardSrv', 'servicesManager', 'commonsFact',
88 function($scope, $cookies, $filter, $location, $route, $routeParams, $uibModal, $q,
9 hostsManager, workspacesFact, dashboardSrv, servicesManager) {
9 hostsManager, workspacesFact, dashboardSrv, servicesManager, commons) {
10
11 loadHosts = function(){
12 hostsManager.getHost($routeParams.hidId, $scope.workspace, true)
13 .then(function(host) {
14 hostsManager.getInterfaces($scope.workspace, host._id).then(function(resp){
15 $scope.interface = resp[0].value;
16 $scope.interface.hostnames = commons.arrayToObject($scope.interface.hostnames);
17 });
18 $scope.host = host;
19 $scope.hostName = host.name; // User can edit $scope.host.name but not $scope.hostName
20 $scope.loadIcons();
21 });
22 };
1023
1124 init = function() {
1225 $scope.selectall_service = false;
1831 $scope.services = [];
1932 $scope.sortField = "ports";
2033 $scope.reverse = false;
34 $scope.editing = ($routeParams.edit == 'edit');
35 $scope.showServices = true;
36 $scope.creating = false;
2137
2238 $scope.loadedServices = false;
2339
2844 });
2945
3046 // current host
31 hostsManager.getHost(hostId, $scope.workspace)
32 .then(function(host) {
33 $scope.host = host;
34 });
47 loadHosts();
3548
3649 // services by host
3750 dashboardSrv.getServicesByHost($scope.workspace, hostId)
94107 });
95108 return selected;
96109 };
110
111 $scope.newHostnames = function($event){
112 $scope.interface.hostnames.push({key:''});
113 $event.preventDefault();
114 }
115
116 $scope.ok = function() {
117 var date = new Date(),
118 timestamp = date.getTime()/1000.0;
119
120 // The objectToArray transform is necessary to call updateHost correctly
121 // If I don't restore the object after the call hostnames won't be shown in the interface
122 var old_hostnames = $scope.interface.hostnames;
123 $scope.interface.hostnames = commons.objectToArray($scope.interface.hostnames.filter(Boolean));
124
125 $scope.hostdata = $scope.host;
126 $scope.hostdata.metadata['update_time'] = timestamp;
127 $scope.hostdata.metadata['update_user'] = "UI Web";
128
129 hostsManager.updateHost($scope.host, $scope.hostdata, $scope.interface,
130 $scope.workspace).then(function(){
131 $scope.interface.hostnames = old_hostnames;
132 $location.path('/host/ws/' + $scope.workspace + '/hid/' + $scope.host._id);
133 });
134 };
135
136 $scope.cancel = function(){
137 $scope.editing = false;
138 loadHosts();
139 };
140
141 $scope.toggleEdit = function(){
142 $scope.editing = !$scope.editing;
143 };
144
97145
98146 // changes the URL according to search params
99147 $scope.searchFor = function(search, params) {
305353 }
306354 };
307355
356 $scope.deleteHost = function(){
357 var message = "A host will be deleted along with all of its children. This operation cannot be undone. Are you sure you want to proceed?";
358 $uibModal.open({
359 templateUrl: 'scripts/commons/partials/modalDelete.html',
360 controller: 'commonsModalDelete',
361 size: 'lg',
362 resolve: {
363 msg: function() {
364 return message;
365 }
366 }
367 }).result.then(function() {
368 $scope.removeHost($scope.host._id);
369 }, function() {
370 //dismised, do nothing
371 });
372 };
373
374 $scope.removeHost = function(id) {
375 hostsManager.deleteHost(id, $scope.workspace).then(function() {
376 $location.path('/hosts/ws/' + $scope.workspace);
377 }, function(message) {
378 console.log(message);
379 });
380 };
381
308382 $scope.remove = function(ids) {
309383 ids.forEach(function(id) {
310384 servicesManager.deleteServices(id, $scope.workspace).then(function() {
379453 return Math.ceil(tmp_services.length / $scope.pageSize);
380454 };
381455
456 $scope.loadIcons = function() {
457 var host = $scope.host;
458 // load icons into object for HTML
459 // maybe this part should be directly in the view somehow
460 // or, even better, in a CSS file
461 var oss = ["windows", "cisco", "router", "osx", "apple","linux", "unix", "unknown"];
462 oss.forEach(function(os){
463 if(host.os.toLowerCase().indexOf(os) != -1) {
464 host.icon = os;
465 if(os == "unix") {
466 host.icon = "linux";
467 } else if(os == "apple") {
468 host.icon = "osx";
469 }
470 }
471 });
472 };
473
382474 init();
383475 }]);
+35
-27
server/www/scripts/hosts/controllers/hosts.js less more
33
44 angular.module('faradayApp')
55 .controller('hostsCtrl',
6 ['$scope', '$cookies', '$filter', '$location', '$route', '$routeParams', '$uibModal', 'hostsManager', 'workspacesFact', 'commonsFact',
7 function($scope, $cookies, $filter, $location, $route, $routeParams, $uibModal, hostsManager, workspacesFact, commonsFact) {
6 ['$scope', '$cookies', '$filter', '$location', '$route', '$routeParams', '$uibModal', 'hostsManager', 'workspacesFact', 'commonsFact', 'credential',
7 function($scope, $cookies, $filter, $location, $route, $routeParams, $uibModal, hostsManager, workspacesFact, commonsFact, credential) {
88
99 var init = function() {
1010 $scope.selectall_hosts = false;
6363 });
6464 };
6565
66 var createCredential = function(credentialData, parent_id){
67
68 // Add parent id, create credential and save to server.
69 try {
70 var credentialObj = new credential(credentialData, parent_id);
71 credentialObj.create($scope.workspace);
72 } catch (error) {
73 console.log(error);
74 }
75 };
76
6677 $scope.loadIcons = function() {
6778 $scope.hosts.forEach(function(host) {
6879 // load icons into object for HTML
8495
8596 // changes the URL according to search params
8697 $scope.searchFor = function(search, params) {
87 if (search && params != "" && params != undefined) {
88 $scope.expression = commonsFact.parseSearchExpression(params);
89 } else {
90 $scope.expression = {};
91 }
92
93 loadHosts();
98 // TODO: It would be nice to find a way for changing
99 // the url without reloading the controller
100 var url = "/hosts/ws/" + $routeParams.wsId;
101
102 if(search && params != "" && params != undefined) {
103 var filter = commonsFact.parseSearchExpression(params);
104 var URLParams = commonsFact.searchFilterToURLParams(filter);
105 url += "/search/" + URLParams;
106 }
107
108 $location.path(url);
94109 };
95110
96111 $scope.go = function() {
164179 }
165180 };
166181
167 $scope.insert = function(hostdata, interfaceData) {
182 $scope.insert = function(hostdata, interfaceData, credentialData) {
183
168184 var interfaceData = $scope.createInterface(hostdata, interfaceData);
169185 hostsManager.createHost(hostdata, interfaceData, $scope.workspace).then(function(host) {
186 if(credentialData.name && credentialData.username && credentialData.password){
187 createCredential(credentialData, hostdata._id);
188 host.credentials = 1;
189 }
170190 $scope.hosts.push(host);
171191 $scope.loadIcons();
192
172193 }, function(message) {
173194 $uibModal.open({
174195 templateUrl: 'scripts/commons/partials/modalKO.html',
194215 modal.result.then(function(data) {
195216 var hostdata = data[0];
196217 var interfaceData = data[1];
197 $scope.insert(hostdata, interfaceData);
218 var credentialData = data[2];
219 $scope.insert(hostdata, interfaceData, credentialData);
198220 });
199221 };
200222
210232
211233 $scope.edit = function() {
212234 if($scope.selectedHosts().length == 1) {
213 var modal = $uibModal.open({
214 templateUrl: 'scripts/hosts/partials/modalEdit.html',
215 controller: 'hostsModalEdit',
216 size: 'lg',
217 resolve: {
218 host: function(){
219 return $scope.selectedHosts()[0];
220 }
221 }
222 });
223
224 modal.result.then(function(data) {
225 hostdata = data[0];
226 interfaceData = data[1];
227 $scope.update($scope.selectedHosts()[0], hostdata, interfaceData);
228 });
235 var hostId = $scope.selectedHosts()[0]._id;
236 $location.path('/host/ws/' + $scope.workspace + '/hid/' + hostId + '/edit');
229237 } else {
230238 $uibModal.open({
231239 templateUrl: 'scripts/commons/partials/modalKO.html',
+9
-2
server/www/scripts/hosts/controllers/hostsModalNew.js less more
2323 "interfaceOwner": "",
2424 "interfaceOwned": false
2525 };
26
27 $scope.credentialData = {
28 'name': '',
29 'username': '',
30 'password': ''
31 };
2632
2733 $scope.ok = function() {
2834 var hostnames = [];
3440 $scope.interfaceData.hostnames.forEach(function(hname){
3541 hostnames.push(hname.hostname);
3642 });
37
43
3844 $scope.interfaceData.hostnames = hostnames.filter(Boolean);
3945 $scope.hostdata.interfaceName = $scope.hostdata.name;
4046 $scope.hostdata.metadata = {
4652 "update_controller_action": "UI Web New",
4753 "owner": ""
4854 };
49 $modalInstance.close([$scope.hostdata,$scope.interfaceData]);
55
56 $modalInstance.close([$scope.hostdata,$scope.interfaceData, $scope.credentialData]);
5057 };
5158
5259 $scope.cancel = function() {
+119
-0
server/www/scripts/hosts/controllers/new.js less more
0 // Faraday Penetration Test IDE
1 // Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
2 // See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
3
4 angular.module('faradayApp')
5 .controller('newHostCtrl', ['$scope', '$routeParams', 'workspacesFact',
6 '$uibModal', 'hostsManager', 'commonsFact', '$location',
7 function($scope, $routeParams, workspacesFact, $uibModal, hostsManager,
8 commons, $location){
9
10 init = function(){
11 $scope.workspace = $routeParams.wsId;
12 $scope.editing = true;
13 $scope.showServices = false;
14 $scope.creating = true;
15
16 $scope.interface = {
17 "hostnames": [{key: ''}],
18 "ipv6": {
19 "prefix": "00",
20 "gateway": "0000.0000.0000.0000",
21 "DNS": [],
22 "address": "0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000"
23 },
24 "ipv4":{
25 "mask": "0.0.0.0",
26 "gateway": "0.0.0.0",
27 "DNS": [],
28 "address": "0.0.0.0"
29 },
30 "mac": "00:00:00:00:00:00",
31 "interfaceOwner": "",
32 "interfaceOwned": false
33 };
34 $scope.host = {
35 "name": "",
36 "description": "",
37 "default_gateway": "None",
38 "os": "",
39 "owned": false,
40 "owner": "",
41 };
42
43 // load all workspaces
44 workspacesFact.list()
45 .then(function(wss) {
46 $scope.workspaces = wss;
47 });
48
49 $scope.newHostnames = function($event){
50 $scope.interface.hostnames.push({key:''});
51 $event.preventDefault();
52 };
53
54 $scope.insert = function(hostdata, interfaceData) {
55 var interfaceData = $scope.createInterface(hostdata, interfaceData);
56 hostsManager.createHost(hostdata, interfaceData, $scope.workspace).then(function(host) {
57 $location.path('/host/ws/' + $scope.workspace + '/hid/' + $scope.host._id);
58 }, function(message) {
59 $uibModal.open({
60 templateUrl: 'scripts/commons/partials/modalKO.html',
61 controller: 'commonsModalKoCtrl',
62 size: 'sm',
63 resolve: {
64 msg: function() {
65 return message;
66 }
67 }
68 });
69 });
70 };
71
72 $scope.ok = function(){
73 var interface = angular.copy($scope.interface);
74 interface.hostnames = commons.objectToArray(interface.hostnames);
75 $scope.insert($scope.host, interface);
76 };
77
78 $scope.createInterface = function (hostData, interfaceData){
79 if(typeof(hostData.ipv4) == "undefined") hostData.ipv4 = "";
80 if(typeof(hostData.ipv6) == "undefined") hostData.ipv6 = "";
81 var interfaceData = {
82 "_id": CryptoJS.SHA1(hostData.name).toString() + "." + CryptoJS.SHA1("" + "._." + interfaceData.ipv4 + "._." + interfaceData.ipv6).toString(),
83 "description": "",
84 "hostnames": interfaceData.hostnames,
85 "ipv4": interfaceData.ipv4,
86 "ipv6": interfaceData.ipv6,
87 "mac": interfaceData.mac,
88 "metadata": {
89 "update_time": new Date().getTime(),
90 "update_user": "",
91 "update_action": 0,
92 "creator": "",
93 "create_time": new Date().getTime(),
94 "update_controller_action": "",
95 "owner": "",
96
97 },
98 "name": hostData.name,
99 "network_segment": "",
100 "owned": false,
101 "owner": "",
102 "parent": CryptoJS.SHA1(hostData.name).toString(),
103 "ports": {
104 "filtered": 0,
105 "opened": 0,
106 "closed": 0
107 },
108 "type": "Interface"
109 };
110 return interfaceData;
111 };
112
113 };
114
115 init();
116
117 }]);
118
+10
-6
server/www/scripts/hosts/partials/list.html less more
77 <h2 class="ws-label">
88 <span id="ws-name" title="Hosts">Hosts for {{workspace}} ({{totalHosts}})</span><!-- WS name -->
99 <div id="ws-control" class="btn-group">
10 <button id="refresh" type="button" class="btn btn-danger" title="Refresh current workspace" ng-click="location.reload()">
10 <button id="refresh" type="button" class="btn btn-danger" title="Refresh current workspace" onclick="location.reload()">
1111 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-refresh"></span>
1212 </button>
1313 <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" title="Change current workspace">
2525 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil"></span>
2626 Edit
2727 </button>
28 <button id="merge" type="button" class="btn btn-success" title="New host" ng-click="new()">
28 <a id="merge" href="#/host/ws/{{workspace}}/new" class="btn btn-success" title="New host">
2929 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign"></span>
3030 New
31 </button>
31 </a>
3232 </h2><!-- .ws-label -->
3333 <div class="reports col-md-9 col-sm-9 col-xs-12">
3434 <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-3 col-xs-11">
6565 <th>
6666 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('owned')">Owned</a>
6767 </th>
68 <th>
69 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('credentials')">Credentials</a>
70 </th>
6871 </tr>
6972 </thead>
7073 <tbody>
7679 <td><input type="checkbox" name="{{host._id}}"/></td>
7780 <td>
7881 <a ng-href="#/host/ws/{{workspace}}/hid/{{host._id}}">{{host.name}}</a>
79 <a ng-href="//{{osint.host}}/search?query={{host.name}}" uib-tooltip="Search in {{osint.label}}" target="_blank">
80 <img ng-src="images/{{osint.icon}}.png" height="15px" width="15px" />
81 </a>
82 <osint-link query="host.name" osint="osint"></osint-link>
8283 </td>
8384 <td><a ng-href="#/host/ws/{{workspace}}/hid/{{host._id}}" ng-bind="host.services || '-'"></a></td>
8485 <td><a ng-href="#/status/ws/{{workspace}}/search/target={{host.name}}" ng-bind="host.vulns"></a></td>
9192 <td>
9293 <i class="fa fa-exclamation-triangle" aria-hidden="true" ng-if="host.owned"> owned</i>
9394 <span ng-if="!host.owned">not yet</span>
95 </td>
96 <td>
97 <a ng-href="#/credentials/ws/{{workspace}}/hid/{{host._id}}">{{host.credentials}}</a>
9498 </td>
9599 </tr>
96100 </tbody>
+17
-7
server/www/scripts/hosts/partials/modalNew.html less more
3737 </div><!-- .form-group -->
3838 <div class="form-group">
3939 <div class="col-md-12">
40 <div class="checkbox">
41 <label>
42 <input type="checkbox" id="owned" ng-model="hostdata.owned"/>
43 <span class="normal-size">Owned</span>
44 </label>
45 </div><!-- .checkbox -->
40 <input type="checkbox" id="owned" ng-model="hostdata.owned"/>
41 <span class="normal-size">Owned</span>
4642 </div>
4743 </div><!-- .form-group -->
4844 <div class="form-group">
4945 <div class="col-md-12">
50 <h5>Hostnames</h5>
46 <h5><b>Hostnames</b></h5>
5147 <span class="input-group-addon button-radius" ng-click="newHostnames($event)">Add Hostname</span>
5248 </div>
5349 <div class="col-md-12 input-margin" ng-repeat="hostname in interfaceData.hostnames">
7470 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="mac" placeholder="MAC" ng-model="interfaceData.mac"/>
7571 </div>
7672 </div><!-- .form-group -->
73 <h5>
74 <b>Credential</b>
75 </h5>
76 <div class="form-group">
77 <div class="col-md-3" ng-class="{'has-error': form.nameCredential.$invalid}">
78 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="nameCredential" name="nameCredential" placeholder="Name" ng-model="credentialData.name" ng-required="credentialData.username || credentialData.password"/>
79 </div>
80 <div class="col-md-3" ng-class="{'has-error': form.usernameCredential.$invalid}">
81 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="usernameCredential" name="usernameCredential" placeholder="Username" ng-model="credentialData.username" ng-required="credentialData.name || credentialData.password"/>
82 </div>
83 <div class="col-md-3" ng-class="{'has-error': form.passwordCredential.$invalid}">
84 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="passwordCredential" name="passwordCredential" placeholder="Password" ng-model="credentialData.password" ng-required="credentialData.name || credentialData.username"/>
85 </div>
86 </div><!-- .form-group -->
7787 </div>
7888 </div><!-- .modal-body -->
7989 <div class="modal-footer">
+124
-0
server/www/scripts/hosts/partials/new.html less more
0 <!-- Faraday Penetration Test IDE -->
1 <!-- Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/) -->
2 <!-- See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information -->
3
4 <section id="main" class="seccion clearfix">
5
6 <div class="right-main"><div id="reports-main" class="fila clearfix">
7 <h2 class="ws-label">
8 <span id="ws-name" title="Hosts" ng-if="editing && !host._id">Creating host</span><!-- WS name -->
9 <div id="ws-control" class="btn-group">
10 <button id="refresh" type="button" class="btn btn-danger" title="Refresh current workspace" ng-click="location.reload()">
11 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-refresh"></span>
12 </button>
13 <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" title="Change current workspace">
14 Change workspace <span class="caret"></span>
15 </button>
16 <ul id="nav" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" role="menu">
17 <li ng-repeat="ws in workspaces"><a href="#/hosts/ws/{{ws}}" class="ws" >{{ws}}</a></li>
18 </ul><!-- WS navigation -->
19 </div><!-- #ws-control -->
20 </h2>
21 <div class="reports col-md-8 col-sm-8 col-xs-8" style="border-right: 1px solid #CCC">
22 <form name="form">
23 <h3>
24 Host details
25 <span style="float:right">
26 <a class="btn btn-sm btn-default" href="#/host/ws/{{workspace}}/hid/{{host._id}}/edit" ng-if="!editing">
27 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil"></span>
28 Edit
29 </a>
30 <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-default" title="Delete host" ng-click="deleteHost()" ng-if="!editing">
31 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash"></span>
32 Delete
33 </button>
34 <a class="btn btn-danger" href="#/hosts/ws/{{workspace}}" ng-if="editing && creating">Cancel</a>
35 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-disabled="form.$invalid" ng-click="ok()" ng-if="editing">OK</button>
36 </span>
37 </h3>
38 <div class="form-horizontal">
39 <div class="form-group" ng-class="{'has-error': !host.name }">
40 <div class="col-md-12">
41 <strong ng-if="!editing">Name</strong>
42 <h5 ng-if="editing">Name</h5>
43 <label class="sr-only" for="name">Name</label>
44 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" placeholder="Name" ng-model="host.name" ng-if="editing" required/>
45 <p ng-if="!editing">{{host.name}}</p>
46 <span class="help-block normal-size" ng-if="editing">
47 Example: 192.168.0.1
48 </span>
49 </div>
50 </div>
51 <div class="form-group">
52 <div class="col-md-3" style="margin-bottom: 15px">
53 <div class="checkbox">
54 <label>
55 <input type="checkbox" id="owned" ng-model="host.owned" ng-disabled="!editing"/>
56 <span class="normal-size">Owned</span>
57 </label>
58 </div><!-- .checkbox -->
59 </div>
60 <div class="col-md-12">
61 <strong ng-if="!editing">Operating System</strong>
62 <h5 ng-if="editing">Operating System</h5>
63 <label class="sr-only" for="os">Operating System</label>
64 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="os" placeholder="Operating System" ng-model="host.os" ng-if="editing"/>
65 <p ng-if="!editing">
66 <img ng-if="host.icon != undefined" ng-src="images/{{host.icon}}.png" uib-tooltip="{{host.os}}"/>
67 {{host.os}}
68 </p>
69 </div>
70 <div class="col-md-6">
71 <strong ng-if="!editing">IPv4</strong>
72 <h5 ng-if="editing">IPv4</h5>
73 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="ipv4" placeholder="IPv4" ng-model="interface.ipv4.address" ng-if="editing"/>
74 <p ng-if="!editing">{{interface.ipv4.address}}</p>
75 </div>
76 <div class="col-md-6">
77 <strong ng-if="!editing">IPv6</strong>
78 <h5 ng-if="editing">IPv6</h5>
79 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="ipv6" placeholder="IPv6" ng-model="interface.ipv6.address" ng-if="editing"/>
80 <p ng-if="!editing">{{interface.ipv6.address}}</p>
81 </div>
82 <div class="col-md-12">
83 <strong ng-if="!editing">MAC</strong>
84 <h5 ng-if="editing">MAC</h5>
85 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="ipv4" placeholder="MAC" ng-model="interface.mac" ng-if="editing"/>
86 <p ng-if="!editing">{{interface.mac}}</p>
87 </div>
88 <div class="col-md-12">
89 <strong ng-if="!editing">Description</strong>
90 <h5 ng-if="editing">Description</h5>
91 <label class="sr-only" for="description">Description</label>
92 <textarea class="form-control" id="description" placeholder="Description" ng-model="host.description" ng-if="editing"></textarea>
93 <p ng-if="!editing">{{host.description}}</p>
94 </div>
95 </div><!-- .form-group -->
96 </div>
97 </form>
98 </div>
99 <div class="reports col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-4">
100 <h3>
101 Hostnames
102 <span style="float:right">
103 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-click="newHostnames($event)">Add Hostname</button>
104 </span>
105 </h3>
106 <h5 ng-if="editing" style="min-height: 1.1em"></h5>
107 <div class="form-horizontal">
108 <div class="form-group">
109 <span ng-if="editing">
110 <div class="col-md-12 input-margin" ng-repeat="hostname in interface.hostnames">
111 <div class="input-group margin-bottom-sm col-md-12">
112 <label class="sr-only" for="hostsnames">Hostname</label>
113 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="hostsnames" placeholder="Hostname" ng-model="hostname.key" />
114 <span class="input-group-addon" ng-click="interface.hostnames.splice($index, 1)" ng-hide="interface.hostnames.length == 1" ng-if="editing"><i class="fa fa-minus-circle"></i></span>
115 </div>
116 </div>
117 </span>
118 </div>
119 </div>
120 </div>
121 </div><!-- #reports-main --></div><!-- .right-main -->
122 </section><!-- #main -->
123
+2
-2
server/www/scripts/hosts/providers/host.js less more
2929 var self = this;
3030 return ServerAPI.updateHost(ws, data)
3131 .then(function(hostData) {
32 self._rev = hostData.data.rev;
3233 ServerAPI.updateInterface(ws, interfaceData)
3334 .then(function(intData) {
34 self._rev = hostData.rev;
35 interfaceData._rev = intData.rev;
35 interfaceData._rev = intData.data.rev;
3636 });
3737 });
3838 },
+17
-4
server/www/scripts/index/controllers/indexCtrl.js less more
33
44 angular.module('faradayApp')
55 .controller('indexCtrl',
6 ['$scope', 'indexFact',
7 function($scope, indexFact) {
6 ['$scope', '$uibModal', 'indexFact',
7 function($scope, $uibModal, indexFact) {
88 indexFact.getConf().then(function(conf) {
9 $scope.version = conf.data.ver;
10 $scope.osint = conf.data.osint;
9 $scope.version = conf.data.ver;
10
11 var osint = conf.data.osint;
12 osint.prefix = osint.prefix || "/search?query=";
13 osint.suffix = osint.suffix || "";
14 if(!osint.use_external_icon)
15 osint.icon = "images/" + osint.icon + ".png";
16 $scope.osint = osint;
1117 });
1218
19 $scope.about = function() {
20 var modal = $uibModal.open({
21 templateUrl: 'scripts/commons/partials/modalAbout.html',
22 scope: $scope
23 });
24 };
25
1326 }]);
+6
-11
server/www/scripts/navigation/partials/leftBar.html less more
1414 </a>
1515 </li>
1616 <li>
17 <a href="#/workspaces" class="workspaces" style="color: #ffffff !important" uib-tooltip="Workspaces" tooltip-placement="right">
18 <img src="images/ico-workspaces-menu.svg" alt="Workspaces"/>
19 </a>
20 </li>
21 <li>
2217 <a href="#/hosts/ws/{{workspace}}" class="workspaces" style="color: #ffffff !important" uib-tooltip="Hosts" tooltip-placement="right">
2318 <i class="fa fa-sitemap host"></i>
2419 </a>
2520 </li>
2621 <li>
27 <a href="#/users" class="users" style="color: #ffffff !important" uib-tooltip="Users" tooltip-placement="right">
28 <img src="images/ico-users-menu.svg" alt="Users"/>
22 <a href="#/credentials/ws/{{workspace}}" class="workspaces" style="color: #ffffff !important" uib-tooltip="Credentials" tooltip-placement="right">
23 <i class="fa fa-key host"></i>
2924 </a>
3025 </li>
3126 <li>
4944 </a>
5045 </li>
5146 <li>
52 <a href="#/licenses" class="executive-report" style="color: #ffffff !important" uib-tooltip="Licenses" tooltip-placement="right">
53 <i class="fa fa-certificate host"></i>
47 <a href="#/vulndb" class="status-report" style="color: #ffffff !important" uib-tooltip="Vulnerability Templates" tooltip-placement="right">
48 <i class="fa fa-bug host"></i>
5449 </a>
5550 </li>
5651 <li>
57 <a href="#/help" class="executive-report" style="color: #ffffff !important" uib-tooltip="Help" tooltip-placement="right">
58 <i class="fa fa-question host"></i>
52 <a href="#/data_analysis" class="status-report" style="color: #ffffff !important" uib-tooltip="Data Analysis" tooltip-placement="right">
53 <i class="fa fa-area-chart host"></i>
5954 </a>
6055 </li>
6156 </ul>
+212
-131
server/www/scripts/services/partials/list.html less more
55
66 <div class="right-main"><div id="reports-main" class="fila clearfix">
77 <h2 class="ws-label">
8 <span id="ws-name" title="Hosts">Viewing {{host.name}} in {{workspace}}</span><!-- WS name -->
8 <span id="ws-name" title="Hosts" ng-if="editing && host._id">Editing {{hostName}} in {{workspace}}</span><!-- WS name -->
9 <span id="ws-name" title="Hosts" ng-if="editing && !host._id">Creating host</span><!-- WS name -->
10 <span id="ws-name" title="Hosts" ng-if="!editing">Viewing {{hostName}} in {{workspace}}</span><!-- WS name -->
911 <div id="ws-control" class="btn-group">
10 <button id="refresh" type="button" class="btn btn-danger" title="Refresh current workspace" ng-click="location.reload()">
12 <button id="refresh" type="button" class="btn btn-danger" title="Refresh current workspace" onclick="location.reload()">
1113 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-refresh"></span>
1214 </button>
1315 <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" title="Change current workspace">
1820 </ul><!-- WS navigation -->
1921 </div><!-- #ws-control -->
2022 </h2>
21 <h3>Host details</h3>
22 <div class="reports col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12">
23 <div class="form-horizontal">
24 <div class="form-group">
25 <div class="col-md-3">
26 <h5>Name</h5>
27 <label class="sr-only" for="name">Name</label>
28 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" placeholder="Name" ng-model="host.name" disabled/>
29 </div>
30 <div class="col-md-3">
31 <h5>Description</h5>
32 <label class="sr-only" for="description">Description</label>
33 <textarea class="form-control" id="description" placeholder="Description" ng-model="host.description" disabled></textarea>
34 </div>
35 <div class="col-md-3">
36 <h5>Operating System</h5>
37 <label class="sr-only" for="os">Operating System</label>
38 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="os" placeholder="Operating System" ng-model="host.os" disabled/>
39 </div>
40 </div><!-- .form-group -->
41 </div>
42 </div>
43 <h3>Host services</h3>
44 <div class="reports col-md-9 col-sm-9 col-xs-12" ng-if="loadedServices && services.length == 0">
45 <h4>No services found for {{host.name}}</h4>
46 </div>
47 <div class="reports col-md-9 col-sm-9 col-xs-12">
48 <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-3 col-xs-11">
49 <h2 class="ws-label">
50 <button type="button" class="btn btn-success btn-sm" title="New service" ng-click="new()">
51 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign"></span>
52 New service
53 </button>
54 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm" title="Edit selected services" ng-click="edit()" ng-disabled="services.length == 0">
55 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil"></span>
56 Edit
57 </button>
58 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm" title="Delete selected services" ng-click="delete()" ng-disabled="services.length == 0">
59 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash"></span>
60 Delete
61 </button>
62 </h2><!-- .ws-label -->
63 </div>
64 </div>
65 <div class="reports col-md-9 col-sm-9 col-xs-12" ng-show="loadedServices && services.length > 0">
66 <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-3 col-xs-11">
67 <form role="form" ng-submit="searchFor(true, searchParams)">
68 <div class="form-group">
69 <div class="input-group input-group-sm">
23 <span ng-hide="!showServices" class="reports col-md-8 col-sm-8 col-xs-8">
24 <h3>Host services</h3>
25 <div>
26 <button type="button" class="btn btn-success btn-sm pull-left" title="New service" ng-click="new()">
27 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign"></span>
28 New service
29 </button>
30 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm pull-left" title="Edit selected services" ng-click="edit()" ng-disabled="services.length == 0">
31 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil"></span>
32 Edit
33 </button>
34 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm pull-left" title="Delete selected services" ng-click="delete()" ng-disabled="services.length == 0">
35 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash"></span>
36 Delete
37 </button>
38 <form ng-submit="searchFor(true, searchParams)">
39 <div class="input-group input-group-sm" style="padding-left: 10px">
7040 <span class="input-group-addon glyphicon-btn glyphicon glyphicon-remove" ng-click="searchFor(false, '')" ng-if="search"></span>
7141 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="filter-by"
72 placeholder="enter keywords" ng-change="currentPage = 0" ng-model="searchParams" />
73 <span class="input-group-addon glyphicon-btn" ng-click="searchFor(true, searchParams)">
74 <i class="fa fa-search" ng-if="services.length > 0 || !loadedServices"></i>
75 <i class="fa fa-refresh fa-spin" ng-if="services.length == 0 && loadedServices"></i>
42 placeholder="enter keywords" ng-model="searchParams" />
43 <span class="input-group-addon glyphicon-btn">
44 <i class="fa fa-search" ng-if="loadedServices"></i>
45 <i class="fa fa-refresh fa-spin" ng-if="!loadedServices"></i>
7646 </span>
77 </div>
7847 </div>
7948 </form>
49 <!-- .ws-label -->
8050 </div>
81 <table class="status-report hosts-list table table-responsive">
82 <thead>
83 <tr>
84 <th><input type="checkbox" ng-model="selectall" ng-click="checkAllServices()"/></th>
85 <th>
86 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('name')">Name</a>
87 </th>
88 <th>
89 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('version')">Version</a>
90 </th>
91 <th>
92 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('ports')">Ports</a>
93 </th>
94 <th>
95 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('protocol')">Protocol</a>
96 </th>
97 <th>
98 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('status')">Status</a>
99 </th>
100 <th>
101 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('vulns')">Vulns</a>
102 </th>
103 </tr>
104 </thead>
105 <tbody>
106 <tr ng-repeat="service in filtered = (services | filter:expression) | orderBy:sortField:reverse | startFrom:(currentPage-1)*pageSize | limitTo:pageSize"
107 selection-model selection-model-type="checkbox"
108 selection-model-mode="multiple-additive"
109 selection-model-selected-class="multi-selected">
110 <td><input type="checkbox" name="{{s._id}}"/></td>
111 <td>
112 <a ng-href="#/host/ws/{{workspace}}/hid/{{host._id}}/search/name={{service.name}}">
113 <span ng-bind="service.name"></span>
114 </a>
115 <a ng-href="//{{osint.host}}/search?query={{service.name}}" uib-tooltip="Search in {{osint.label}}" target="_blank">
116 <img ng-src="images/{{osint.icon}}.png" height="15px" width="15px" />
117 </a>
118 </td>
119 <td ng-bind="service.version || '-'"></td>
120 <td>
121 <span ng-bind="service.ports"></span>
122 <a ng-href="//{{osint.host}}/search?query=port:{{service.ports}}" uib-tooltip="Search in {{osint.label}}" target="_blank">
123 <img ng-src="images/{{osint.icon}}.png" height="15px" width="15px" />
124 </a>
125 </td>
126 <td>
127 <a ng-href="#/host/ws/{{workspace}}/hid/{{host._id}}/search/protocol={{service.protocol}}">
128 <span ng-bind="service.protocol"></span>
129 </a>
130 </td>
131 <td ng-bind="service.status || '-'"></td>
132 <td>
133 <a ng-href="#/status/ws/{{workspace}}/search/service={{service.ports}}&target={{host.name}}">
134 <span ng-bind="service.vulns"></span>
135 </a>
136 </td>
137 </tr>
138 </tbody>
139 </table><!-- #hosts -->
140 <div class="showPagination">
141 <div class="form-group">
142 <ul class="pagination">
143 <li><a ng-hide="prevPageDisabled()" ng-click="prevPage()"><span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span><span class="sr-only">Previous</span></a></li>
144 <li><a>{{currentPage}}/{{pageCount()}}</a></li>
145 <li><a ng-hide="nextPageDisabled()" ng-click="nextPage()"><span aria-hidden="true">&raquo;</span><span class="sr-only">Next</span></a></li>
146 </ul>
147 <form name="goToPage" id="goToPageStatus">
148 <div class="col-md-2">
149 <input type="number" min="0" max="{{pageCount()}}" class="form-control" ng-model="newCurrentPage" placeholder="Go to page"/>
150 </div>
151 <button class="btn btn-default" ng-click="go()">GO</button>
152 <input type="number" min="1" class="form-control vuln_per_page" ng-model=newPageSize placeholder="Number page" />
153 </form>
51 <div ng-if="loadedServices && services.length == 0">
52 <h4>No services found for {{host.name}}</h4>
53 </div>
54 <div ng-show="loadedServices && services.length > 0">
55 <table class="status-report hosts-list table table-responsive" style="margin-top: 15px">
56 <thead>
57 <tr>
58 <th><input type="checkbox" ng-model="selectall" ng-click="checkAllServices()"/></th>
59 <th>
60 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('name')">Name</a>
61 </th>
62 <th>
63 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('version')">Version</a>
64 </th>
65 <th>
66 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('ports')">Ports</a>
67 </th>
68 <th>
69 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('protocol')">Protocol</a>
70 </th>
71 <th>
72 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('status')">Status</a>
73 </th>
74 <th>
75 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('vulns')">Vulns</a>
76 </th>
77 <th>
78 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('credentials')">Credentials</a>
79 </th>
80 </tr>
81 </thead>
82 <tbody>
83 <tr ng-repeat="service in filtered = (services | filter:expression) | orderBy:sortField:reverse | startFrom:(currentPage-1)*pageSize | limitTo:pageSize"
84 selection-model selection-model-type="checkbox"
85 selection-model-mode="multiple-additive"
86 selection-model-selected-class="multi-selected">
87 <td><input type="checkbox" name="{{s._id}}"/></td>
88 <td>
89 <a ng-href="#/host/ws/{{workspace}}/hid/{{host._id}}/search/name={{service.name}}">
90 <span ng-bind="service.name"></span>
91 </a>
92 <osint-link query="service.name" osint="osint"></osint-link>
93 </td>
94 <td ng-bind="service.version || '-'"></td>
95 <td>
96 <span ng-bind="service.ports"></span>
97 <osint-link query="'port:' + service.ports" osint="osint"></osint-link>
98 </td>
99 <td>
100 <a ng-href="#/host/ws/{{workspace}}/hid/{{host._id}}/search/protocol={{service.protocol}}">
101 <span ng-bind="service.protocol"></span>
102 </a>
103 </td>
104 <td ng-bind="service.status || '-'"></td>
105 <td>
106 <a ng-href="#/status/ws/{{workspace}}/search/service={{service.ports}}&target={{host.name}}">
107 <span ng-bind="service.vulns"></span>
108 </a>
109 </td>
110 <td>
111 <a ng-href="#/credentials/ws/{{workspace}}/sid/{{service._id}}">{{service.credentials}}</a>
112 </td>
113 </tr>
114 </tbody>
115 </table><!-- #hosts -->
116 <div class="showPagination">
117 <div class="form-group">
118 <ul class="pagination">
119 <li><a ng-hide="prevPageDisabled()" ng-click="prevPage()"><span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span><span class="sr-only">Previous</span></a></li>
120 <li><a>{{currentPage}}/{{pageCount()}}</a></li>
121 <li><a ng-hide="nextPageDisabled()" ng-click="nextPage()"><span aria-hidden="true">&raquo;</span><span class="sr-only">Next</span></a></li>
122 </ul>
123 <form name="goToPage" id="goToPageStatus">
124 <div class="col-md-2">
125 <input type="number" min="0" max="{{pageCount()}}" class="form-control" ng-model="newCurrentPage" placeholder="Go to page"/>
126 </div>
127 <button class="btn btn-default" ng-click="go()">GO</button>
128 <input type="number" min="1" class="form-control vuln_per_page" ng-model=newPageSize placeholder="Number page" />
129 </form>
130 </div>
131 </div><!-- .showPagination -->
132 </div><!-- .reports -->
133 </span>
134 <div class="reports col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-4" style="border-left: 1px solid #CCC">
135 <form name="form">
136 <h3>
137 Host details
138 <span style="float:right">
139 <a class="btn btn-sm btn-default" href="#/host/ws/{{workspace}}/hid/{{host._id}}/edit" ng-if="!editing">
140 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil"></span>
141 Edit
142 </a>
143 <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-default" title="Delete host" ng-click="deleteHost()" ng-if="!editing">
144 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash"></span>
145 Delete
146 </button>
147 <a class="btn btn-danger" href="#/host/ws/{{workspace}}/hid/{{host._id}}" ng-click="loadHosts()" ng-if="editing && !creating">Cancel</a>
148 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-disabled="form.$invalid" ng-click="ok()" ng-if="editing">OK</button>
149 </span>
150 </h3>
151 <div class="form-horizontal">
152 <div class="form-group" ng-class="{'has-error': !host.name }">
153 <div class="col-md-12">
154 <strong ng-if="!editing">Name</strong>
155 <h5 ng-if="editing">Name</h5>
156 <label class="sr-only" for="name">Name</label>
157 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" placeholder="Name" ng-model="host.name" ng-if="editing" required/>
158 <p ng-if="!editing">{{host.name}}</p>
159 <span class="help-block normal-size" ng-if="editing">
160 Example: 192.168.0.1
161 </span>
162 </div>
163 </div>
164 <div class="form-group">
165 <div class="col-md-6" style="margin-bottom: 15px">
166 <div class="checkbox">
167 <label>
168 <input type="checkbox" id="owned" ng-model="host.owned" ng-disabled="!editing"/>
169 <span class="normal-size">Owned</span>
170 </label>
171 </div><!-- .checkbox -->
172 </div>
173 <div class="col-md-12">
174 <strong ng-if="!editing">Operating System</strong>
175 <h5 ng-if="editing">Operating System</h5>
176 <label class="sr-only" for="os">Operating System</label>
177 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="os" placeholder="Operating System" ng-model="host.os" ng-if="editing"/>
178 <p ng-if="!editing">
179 <img ng-if="host.icon && host.icon != 'unknown'" ng-src="images/{{host.icon}}.png" uib-tooltip="{{host.os}}"/>
180 {{host.os}}
181 </p>
182 </div>
183 <div class="col-md-12">
184 <strong ng-if="!editing">Hostnames</strong>
185 <h5 ng-if="editing">Hostnames</h5>
186 <span class="input-group-addon button-radius" ng-click="newHostnames($event)" ng-if="editing">Add Hostname</span>
187 </div>
188 <span ng-if="editing">
189 <div class="col-md-12 input-margin" ng-repeat="hostname in interface.hostnames">
190 <div class="input-group margin-bottom-sm col-md-12">
191 <label class="sr-only" for="hostsnames">Hostname</label>
192 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="hostsnames" placeholder="Hostname" ng-model="hostname.key" />
193 <span class="input-group-addon" ng-click="interface.hostnames.splice($index, 1)" ng-hide="interface.hostnames.length == 1" ng-if="editing"><i class="fa fa-minus-circle"></i></span>
194 </div>
195 </div>
196 </span>
197 <span ng-if="!editing">
198 <div class="col-md-12 input-margin">
199 <ul>
200 <li ng-repeat="hostname in interface.hostnames">{{hostname.key}}</li>
201 </ul>
202 </div>
203 </span>
204 <div class="col-md-12">
205 <strong ng-if="!editing">IPv4</strong>
206 <h5 ng-if="editing">IPv4</h5>
207 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="ipv4" placeholder="IPv4" ng-model="interface.ipv4.address" ng-if="editing"/>
208 <p ng-if="!editing">{{interface.ipv4.address}}</p>
209 </div>
210 <div class="col-md-12">
211 <strong ng-if="!editing">IPv6</strong>
212 <h5 ng-if="editing">IPv6</h5>
213 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="ipv6" placeholder="IPv6" ng-model="interface.ipv6.address" ng-if="editing"/>
214 <p ng-if="!editing">{{interface.ipv6.address}}</p>
215 </div>
216 <div class="col-md-12">
217 <strong ng-if="!editing">MAC</strong>
218 <h5 ng-if="editing">MAC</h5>
219 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="ipv4" placeholder="MAC" ng-model="interface.mac" ng-if="editing"/>
220 <p ng-if="!editing">{{interface.mac}}</p>
221 </div>
222 <div class="col-md-12">
223 <strong ng-if="!editing">Description</strong>
224 <h5 ng-if="editing">Description</h5>
225 <label class="sr-only" for="description">Description</label>
226 <textarea class="form-control" id="description" placeholder="Description" ng-model="host.description" ng-if="editing"></textarea>
227 <p ng-if="!editing">{{host.description}}</p>
228 </div>
229 </div><!-- .form-group -->
154230 </div>
155 </div><!-- .showPagination -->
156 </div><!-- .reports -->
231 <div style="float: right">
232 <a class="btn btn-danger" href="#/host/ws/{{workspace}}/hid/{{host._id}}" ng-click="loadHosts()" ng-if="editing && !creating">Cancel</a>
233 <a class="btn btn-danger" href="#/hosts/ws/{{workspace}}" ng-if="editing && creating">Cancel</a>
234 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-disabled="form.$invalid" ng-click="ok()" ng-if="editing">OK</button>
235 </div>
236 </form>
237 </div>
157238 </div><!-- #reports-main --></div><!-- .right-main -->
158239 </section><!-- #main -->
+0
-20
server/www/scripts/services/providers/services.js less more
7070 }, function(){
7171 deferred.reject();
7272 })
73 return deferred.promise;
74 }
75
76 // XXX: this still uses couch
77 // host_id is the couch host_id, but the server allows grouping
78 // by server ID D: D: D: D:
79 servicesManager.getServicesByHost = function(ws, host_id) {
80 var deferred = $q.defer();
81 var url = BASEURL + "/" + ws + "/_design/services/_view/byhost?key=\"" + host_id + "\"";
82 $http.get(url).then(function(res){
83 var promises = [];
84 res.data.rows.forEach(function(service){
85 promises.push(servicesManager.getService(service.id, ws, true));
86 });
87 $q.all(promises).then(function(services) {
88 deferred.resolve(services);
89 });
90 }, function(){
91 deferred.reject();
92 });
9373 return deferred.promise;
9474 }
9575
+8
-0
server/www/scripts/statusReport/controllers/modalEdit.js less more
77
88 var vm = this;
99
10 vm.saveAsModelDisabled = false;
1011 vm.easeofresolution;
1112 vm.new_ref;
1213 vm.icons;
2021 vm.vuln;
2122
2223 init = function() {
24 vm.modelMessage = "Click here."
2325 vm.easeofresolution = EASEOFRESOLUTION;
2426 vm.severities = severities;
2527 vm.statuses = STATUSES;
7274 vm.icons = commons.loadIcons(vm.data._attachments);
7375 }
7476 };
77
78 vm.saveAsModel = function() {
79 vm.modelMessage = "Done."
80 vm.vulnModelsManager.create(vm.data);
81 vm.saveAsModelDisabled = true;
82 }
7583
7684 vm.selectedFiles = function(files, e) {
7785 files.forEach(function(file) {
+36
-6
server/www/scripts/statusReport/controllers/statusReport.js less more
66 ['$scope', '$filter', '$routeParams',
77 '$location', '$uibModal', '$cookies', '$q', '$window', 'BASEURL',
88 'SEVERITIES', 'EASEOFRESOLUTION', 'STATUSES', 'hostsManager', 'commonsFact',
9 'vulnsManager', 'workspacesFact', 'csvService', 'uiGridConstants',
9 'vulnsManager', 'workspacesFact', 'csvService', 'uiGridConstants', 'vulnModelsManager',
1010 function($scope, $filter, $routeParams,
1111 $location, $uibModal, $cookies, $q, $window, BASEURL,
1212 SEVERITIES, EASEOFRESOLUTION, STATUSES, hostsManager, commonsFact,
13 vulnsManager, workspacesFact, csvService, uiGridConstants) {
13 vulnsManager, workspacesFact, csvService, uiGridConstants, vulnModelsManager) {
1414 $scope.baseurl;
1515 $scope.columns;
1616 $scope.easeofresolution;
2424 $scope.workspaces;
2525 $scope.currentPage;
2626 $scope.gridOptions;
27 $scope.vulnModelsManager;
2728
2829 $scope.vulnWebSelected;
2930 $scope.confirmed = false;
4748 $scope.reverse = true;
4849 $scope.vulns = [];
4950 $scope.selected = false;
51 $scope.vulnModelsManager = vulnModelsManager;
5052
5153 $scope.gridOptions = {
5254 multiSelect: true,
397399 var groupByColumn = function() {
398400 for (var i = 0; i < $scope.gridOptions.columnDefs.length; i++) {
399401 var column = $scope.gridOptions.columnDefs[i];
400 var colname = column.displayName !== undefined ? column.displayName : column.name;
402 var colname = column.displayName !== undefined ? column.displayName : column.name;
401403 if ( colname == $scope.propertyGroupBy && $scope.columns[colname] == true) {
402404 column.grouping = { groupPriority: 0 };
403405 paginationOptions.sortColumn = colname;
427429 res = "Confirm";
428430 }
429431 return res;
432 };
433
434
435 $scope.saveAsModel = function() {
436 var self = this;
437 var selected = $scope.getCurrentSelection();
438 var promises = [];
439 try {
440 selected.forEach(function(vuln) {
441 vuln.exploitation = vuln.severity;
442 vuln.description = vuln.desc;
443 vuln.desc_summary = vuln.desc;
444 promises.push(self.vulnModelsManager.create(vuln, true));
445 });
446 $q.all(promises).then(function(success) {
447 showMessage("Created " + selected.length + " templates successfully.", true);
448 }, function(failed) {
449 showMessage("Something failed when creating some of the templates.");
450 });
451 } catch(err) {
452 showMessage("Something failed when creating some of the templates.");
453 }
430454 };
431455
432456 $scope.selectAll = function() {
521545 loadVulns();
522546 };
523547
524 var showMessage = function(msg) {
548 var showMessage = function(msg, success) {
549 if (! success) { var success = false }
550 if (success) {
551 var templateUrl = 'scripts/commons/partials/modalOK.html';
552 } else {
553 var templateUrl = 'scripts/commons/partials/modalKO.html';
554 }
525555 var modal = $uibModal.open({
526 templateUrl: 'scripts/commons/partials/modalKO.html',
556 templateUrl: templateUrl,
527557 controller: 'commonsModalKoCtrl',
528558 resolve: {
529559 msg: function() {
810840 size: 'lg',
811841 resolve: {
812842 msg: function() {
813 return 'CWE template';
843 return 'Vulnerability template';
814844 }
815845 }
816846 });
+2
-7
server/www/scripts/statusReport/partials/modalEdit.html less more
1010 <h3 class="modal-title">Vuln edit</h3>
1111 </div>
1212 <div class="modal-body">
13 <div>
14 <h5><small>
15 Please choose a severity, name, description and data
16 </small></h5>
17 </div>
1813 <div class="form-horizontal">
1914 <div class="form-group">
2015 <div class="col-md-12">
21 <h5>CWE</h5>
22 <input type="text" ng-model="modal.cwe_selected" class="form-control input-sm" placeholder="Search for CWE" uib-typeahead="cwe as cwe.name for cwe in modal.cweList | filter:{name: $viewValue} | limitTo:10" typeahead-on-select="modal.populate($item, $model, $label)">
16 <h5>Vulnerability template</h5>
17 <input type="text" ng-model="modal.cwe_selected" class="form-control input-sm" placeholder="Search for vulnerability template" uib-typeahead="cwe as cwe.name for cwe in modal.cweList | filter:{name: $viewValue} | limitTo:10" typeahead-on-select="modal.populate($item, $model, $label)">
2318 </div>
2419 </div>
2520 <div class="form-group">
+1
-1
server/www/scripts/statusReport/partials/modalNew.html less more
208208 </div><!-- .modal-body -->
209209 <div class="modal-footer">
210210 <div class="modal-button">
211 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-disabled="form.$invalid" ng-click="modal.ok()">OK</button>
211 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-click="modal.ok()" ng-disabled="form.$invalid || modal.data.severity === undefined">OK</button>
212212 <button class="btn btn-danger" ng-click="modal.cancel()">Cancel</button>
213213 </div>
214214 </div>
+33
-16
server/www/scripts/statusReport/partials/statusReport.html less more
55 <div class="right-main">
66 <div id="reports-main" class="fila clearfix">
77 <div class="ws-label">
8 <h2><span id="ws-name" title="Current workspace">Status report for {{ workspace }} ({{ confirmed === false ? 'all vulns' : 'confirmed' }}) ({{gridOptions.totalItems}} vulns)</span></h2><!-- WS name -->
9 </div><!-- .ws-label -->
8 <h2><span id="ws-name" title="Current workspace">Status report for {{ workspace }} ({{ confirmed === false ? 'all vulns' : 'confirmed' }}) ({{gridOptions.totalItems}} vulns)</span></h2>
9 <!-- WS name -->
10 </div>
11 <!-- .ws-label -->
1012 <div id="ws-control" class="btn-group btn-small-margin">
1113 <button file-exporter="csv()" type="button" class="btn btn-success" title="Download CSV for current workspace">
1214 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-download"></span>
1315 </button>
14 <button id="refresh" type="button" class="btn btn-danger" title="Refresh current workspace" ng-click="location.reload()">
16 <button id="refresh" type="button" class="btn btn-danger" title="Refresh current workspace" onclick="location.reload()">
1517 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-refresh"></span>
1618 </button>
1719 <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" title="{{ confirmed === true ? 'All vulns' : 'Confirmed vulns' }}" ng-click="toggleFilter()">
2123 Change workspace <span class="caret"></span>
2224 </button>
2325 <ul id="nav" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" role="menu">
24 <li ng-repeat="ws in workspaces"><a href="#/status/ws/{{ws}}" class="ws" >{{ws}}</a></li>
25 </ul><!-- WS navigation -->
26 </div><!-- #ws-control -->
26 <li ng-repeat="ws in workspaces"><a href="#/status/ws/{{ws}}" class="ws">{{ws}}</a></li>
27 </ul>
28 <!-- WS navigation -->
29 </div>
30 <!-- #ws-control -->
2731
2832 <div class="button-control col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12">
2933 <button id="delete" type="button" class="btn btn-default" title="Delete selected items" ng-click="delete()">
3539 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil"></span>
3640 Edit
3741 </button>
42 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" title="SingleActions" ng-show="getCurrentSelection().length === 1">
43 <span class="caret"></span>
44 </button>
45 <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" role="menu">
46 <li><a class="ws" ng-click="saveAsModel()">Create template</a></li>
47 </ul>
3848 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" title="Actions" ng-hide="getCurrentSelection().length < 2">
3949 <span class="caret"></span>
4050 </button>
41 <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" role="menu">
51 <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" role="menu" ng-show="getCurrentSelection().length >= 2">
4252 <li><a class="ws" ng-click="editString('name')">Edit name</a></li>
4353 <li><a class="ws" ng-click="editText('desc', 'description')">Edit description</a></li>
4454 <li><a class="ws" ng-click="editText('data')">Edit data</a></li>
5969 <li ng-show="vulnWebSelected"><a class="ws" ng-click="editText('request')">Edit request</a></li>
6070 <li ng-show="vulnWebSelected"><a class="ws" ng-click="editText('response')">Edit response</a></li>
6171 <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
62 <li><a class="ws" ng-click="editCWE()">From CWE</a></li>
72 <li><a class="ws" ng-click="editCWE()">From vulnerability template</a></li>
73 <li><a class="ws" ng-click="saveAsModel()">Create vulnerability templates</a></li>
6374 </ul>
6475 </div>
6576 <div id="group-by" class="btn-group btn-small-margin">
6677 <button type="button" ng-if="propertyGroupBy" class="btn btn-danger" title="Clear" ng-click="clearGroupBy()">
6778 <i class="fa fa-times"></i>
6879 </button>
69 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" title="{{propertyGroupBy || 'Group By'}}" >
80 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" title="{{propertyGroupBy || 'Group By'}}">
7081 {{ (propertyGroupBy | uppercase) || "Group By"}}
7182 </button>
7283 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" title="Group By">
8293 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign"></span>
8394 New
8495 </button>
85 </div><!-- .col-md-6 .col-sm-6 .col-xs-12 -->
96 </div>
97 <!-- .col-md-6 .col-sm-6 .col-xs-12 -->
8698 <div class="reports">
8799 <div class="row">
88100 <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-3 col-xs-11">
90102 <div class="form-group">
91103 <div class="input-group input-group-sm">
92104 <span class="input-group-addon glyphicon-btn glyphicon glyphicon-remove" ng-click="searchFor(false, '')" ng-if="search && search != 'confirmed=true'"></span>
93 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="filter-by"
94 placeholder="enter keywords" ng-change="currentPage = 0" ng-model="searchParams" />
105 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="filter-by" placeholder="enter keywords" ng-change="currentPage = 0" ng-model="searchParams" />
95106 <span class="input-group-addon glyphicon-btn" ng-click="searchFor(true, searchParams)">
96107 <i class="fa fa-search" ng-if="gridOptions.data.length > 0 || gridOptions.totalItems >= 0"></i>
97108 <i class="fa fa-refresh fa-spin" ng-if="gridOptions.totalItems === null"></i>
107118 <a href="" ng-click="toggleShow(column, show)" ng-show="!show">
108119 <span class="label label-primary ws-name">{{column}}</span>
109120 </a>
110 </li><!-- label-list -->
121 </li>
122 <!-- label-list -->
111123 </ul>
112124 </div>
113125 </div>
125137 <span>Selected</span>
126138 <span class="counterNum">{{getCurrentSelection().length}}</span>
127139 </div>
128 </div><!-- .reports -->
129 </div><!-- #reports-main --></div><!-- .right-main -->
130 </section><!-- #main -->
140 </div>
141 <!-- .reports -->
142 </div>
143 <!-- #reports-main -->
144 </div>
145 <!-- .right-main -->
146 </section>
147 <!-- #main -->
+27
-0
server/www/scripts/vulndb/controllers/importFromWs.js less more
0 angular.module('faradayApp')
1 .controller('vulnModelModalImportFromWs',
2 ['$scope', '$modalInstance', 'ServerAPI',
3 function($scope, $modalInstance, ServerAPI) {
4 $scope.workspaces
5 $scope.selectedWs
6 $scope.data;
7
8 var init = function() {
9 ServerAPI.getWorkspacesNames().then(
10 function(ws_data) {
11 $scope.workspaces = ws_data.data.workspaces;
12 }, function(err) {
13 console.log(err);
14 }
15 )
16 }
17
18 $scope.ok = function() {
19 $modalInstance.close($scope.selectedWs);
20 };
21
22 $scope.cancel = function() {
23 $modalInstance.dismiss('cancel');
24 };
25 init();
26 }]);
+32
-0
server/www/scripts/vulndb/controllers/modalCreateDB.js less more
0 // Faraday Penetration Test IDE
1 // Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
2 // See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
3
4 angular.module('faradayApp')
5 .controller('vulndbModalCreateDB',
6 ['$scope', '$modalInstance', 'vulnModelsManager',
7 function($scope, $modalInstance, vulnModelsManager) {
8
9 $scope.message;
10
11 var init = function() {
12 $scope.message = "It looks like your Faraday installation is missing "+
13 "the Vulnerability Model database. Would you like to create it now?";
14 };
15
16 $scope.yes = function() {
17 vulnModelsManager.createDB()
18 .then(function() {
19 $modalInstance.close(true);
20 }, function() {
21 $scope.message = "There's been a problem creating the database.";
22 });
23 };
24
25 $scope.no = function() {
26 $modalInstance.close(null);
27 $modalInstance.dismiss(null);
28 };
29
30 init();
31 }]);
+36
-0
server/www/scripts/vulndb/controllers/modalEdit.js less more
0 // Faraday Penetration Test IDE
1 // Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
2 // See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
3
4 angular.module('faradayApp')
5 .controller('vulndDbModalEdit',
6 ['$scope', '$modalInstance', 'VulnModel', 'model', 'EXPLOITATIONS',
7 function($scope, $modalInstance, VulnModel, model, EXPLOITATIONS) {
8
9 $scope.data;
10 $scope.openedStart;
11 $scope.openedEnd;
12
13 var init = function() {
14 $scope.exploitations = EXPLOITATIONS
15 $scope.data = new VulnModel;
16 $scope.data.set(model);
17 };
18
19 $scope.ok = function() {
20 $modalInstance.close($scope.data);
21 };
22
23 $scope.open = function($event, isStart) {
24 $event.preventDefault();
25 $event.stopPropagation();
26
27 if(isStart) $scope.openedStart = true; else $scope.openedEnd = true;
28 };
29
30 $scope.cancel = function() {
31 $modalInstance.dismiss('cancel');
32 };
33
34 init();
35 }]);
+51
-0
server/www/scripts/vulndb/controllers/modalNew.js less more
0 // Faraday Penetration Test IDE
1 // Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
2 // See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
3
4 angular.module('faradayApp')
5 .controller('vulnModelModalNew',
6 ['$scope', '$modalInstance', 'VulnModel', 'vulnModelsManager', 'EXPLOITATIONS',
7 function($scope, $modalInstance, VulnModel, vulnModelsManager, EXPLOITATIONS) {
8
9 $scope.data;
10 $scope.exploitations;
11 $scope.models;
12
13 var init = function() {
14 $scope.exploitations = EXPLOITATIONS;
15 $scope.data = new VulnModel;
16 $scope.models = vulnModelsManager.models;
17 // $scope.exploitations = ['a'];
18
19 $scope.$watch(function() {
20 return $scope.data.model;
21 }, function(newVal, oldVal) {
22 if(newVal == "Other") {
23 $scope.other = true;
24 } else if(oldVal == "Other") {
25 $scope.other = false;
26 }
27 }, true);
28 };
29
30 $scope.open = function($event, isStart) {
31 $event.preventDefault();
32 $event.stopPropagation();
33
34 if(isStart) $scope.openedStart = true; else $scope.openedEnd = true;
35 };
36
37 $scope.ok = function() {
38 if($scope.other) {
39 $scope.data.model = $scope.other_model;
40 }
41
42 $modalInstance.close($scope.data);
43 };
44
45 $scope.cancel = function() {
46 $modalInstance.dismiss('cancel');
47 };
48
49 init();
50 }]);
+24
-0
server/www/scripts/vulndb/controllers/modalUpload.js less more
0 // Faraday Penetration Test IDE
1 // Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
2 // See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
3
4 angular.module('faradayApp')
5 .controller('vulnModelModalUpload',
6 ['$scope', '$modalInstance',
7 function($scope, $modalInstance) {
8 $scope.data;
9
10 $scope._import = function() {
11 var csv = document.getElementById('file').files[0];
12 $scope.data = csv;
13 $scope.ok();
14 };
15
16 $scope.ok = function() {
17 $modalInstance.close($scope.data);
18 };
19
20 $scope.cancel = function() {
21 $modalInstance.dismiss('cancel');
22 };
23 }]);
+400
-0
server/www/scripts/vulndb/controllers/vulnModels.js less more
0 angular.module('faradayApp')
1 .controller('vulnModelsCtrl',
2 ['$scope', '$filter', '$http', '$q', '$uibModal', 'ServerAPI', 'csvService', 'commonsFact', 'vulnModelsManager',
3 function($scope, $filter, $http, $q, $uibModal, ServerAPI, csvService, commonsFact, vulnModelsManager) {
4 $scope.db_exists = false;
5 $scope.models = [];
6 $scope.loaded_models = false;
7 $scope.totalModels = 0;
8 $scope.disabledClick = false;
9 $scope.reverse;
10 $scope.search = '';
11 $scope.currentPage;
12 $scope.pageSize = 20;
13
14 var init = function() {
15 // table stuff
16 $scope.selectall_models = false;
17 $scope.sort_field = "end";
18 $scope.reverse = true;
19 $scope.currentPage = 1;
20
21 vulnModelsManager.DBExists()
22 .then(function(exists) {
23 if (!exists) {
24 $uibModal.open({
25 templateUrl: 'scripts/vulndb/partials/modalCreateDB.html',
26 controller: 'vulndbModalCreateDB',
27 size: 'lg'
28 }).result.then(function(data) {
29 if (data) {
30 $scope.db_exists = true;
31 }
32 }, function(message) {
33 // no db created, do nothing!
34 });
35 } else {
36 $scope.db_exists = true;
37 vulnModelsManager.get()
38 .then(function() {
39 $scope.models = vulnModelsManager.models;
40 $scope.loaded_models = true;
41 });
42 vulnModelsManager.getSize().
43 then(function() {
44 $scope.totalModels = vulnModelsManager.totalNumberOfModels;
45 });
46 }
47 }, function(message) {
48 commonsFact.errorDialog(message);
49 });
50
51 $scope.$watch(function() {
52 return vulnModelsManager.models;
53 }, function(newVal, oldVal) {
54 $scope.models = vulnModelsManager.models;
55 $scope.loaded_models = true;
56 }, true);
57 $scope.$watch(function() {
58 return $scope.pageCount();
59 }, function(newVal, oldVal, scope) {
60 if ($scope.currentPage > $scope.pageCount()) {
61 $scope.currentPage = $scope.pageCount();
62 }
63 });;
64 };
65
66 $scope.pageCount = function() {
67 // if the guy searched for something with exactly 0 results, there's just '1' page;
68 // the one she's seeing with zero results
69 var searchPages = $scope.pagesOnSearch();
70
71 if (searchPages === undefined) {
72 return (Math.ceil(vulnModelsManager.totalNumberOfModels / this.pageSize) || 1);
73 } else {
74 // if searchpages is zero, pretend like its one
75 return (searchPages || 1);
76 }
77 };
78
79 $scope.prevPageDisabled = function() {
80 return $scope.currentPage <= 1;
81 };
82
83 $scope.nextPageDisabled = function() {
84 return $scope.currentPage >= $scope.pageCount();
85 };
86
87 $scope.nextPage = function() {
88 if ($scope.currentPagepage <= 0 || $scope.currentPage > $scope.pageCount) { return; }
89 $scope.currentPage += 1;
90 };
91
92 $scope.prevPage = function() {
93 if ($scope.currentPagepage <= 0 || $scope.currentPage > $scope.pageCount) { return; }
94 $scope.currentPage -= 1;
95 };
96
97
98 $scope.go = function() {
99 var page = $scope.newCurrentPage;
100 if (page <= 0 || page > $scope.pageCount || ! page) { return; }
101 $scope.currentPage = page;
102 };
103
104
105 $scope.remove = function(ids) {
106 var confirmations = [];
107
108 ids.forEach(function(id) {
109 var deferred = $q.defer();
110
111 vulnModelsManager.delete(id)
112 .then(function(resp) {
113 deferred.resolve(resp);
114 }, function(message) {
115 deferred.reject(message);
116 });
117
118 confirmations.push(deferred);
119 });
120
121 return $q.all(confirmations);
122 };
123
124 $scope.importCSV = function() {
125 var modal = $uibModal.open({
126 templateUrl: 'scripts/vulndb/partials/upload.html',
127 controller: 'vulnModelModalUpload',
128 size: 'lg',
129 resolve: { }
130 });
131
132 var loadCSV = function(data) {
133 var datas = [];
134 Papa.parse(data, {
135 worker: true,
136 header: true,
137 skipEmptyLines: true,
138 step: function(results) {
139 if (results.data) {
140 datas.push(results.data[0]);
141 }
142 },
143 complete: function(res, file) {
144 // i feel dirty, really, but it works.
145 // pro tip: 'complete' only means it has completed 'parsing'
146 // not completed doing whatever is defined on step
147 var length = datas.length;
148 var counter = 0;
149 datas.forEach(function(data) {
150 $scope.insert(data).then(function() {
151 counter = counter + 1;
152 if (length == counter) {
153 document.body.style.cursor = "default";
154 $scope.disabledClick = false;
155 }
156 });
157 });
158 }
159 });
160 };
161
162 modal.result.then(function(data) {
163 document.body.style.cursor='wait';
164 $scope.disabledClick = true;
165 var reader = new FileReader();
166 reader.readAsText(data);
167 reader.onload = function(e) {
168 var text = reader.result;
169 var expected_header = ["cwe", "description", "exploitation", "name", "references", "resolution"];
170 var actual_header = text.split('\n').shift().trim().toLowerCase().split(",");
171
172 if(!equalAsSets(expected_header, actual_header)) {
173 document.body.style.cursor = "default";
174 $scope.disabledClick = false;
175 $uibModal.open({
176 templateUrl: "scripts/commons/partials/modalKO.html",
177 controller: "commonsModalKoCtrl",
178 resolve: {
179 msg: function() {
180 return "It appears your CSV has the wrong headers. Headers MUST be present."+
181 " Expected headers: " + expected_header.join(', ')+
182 " Actual file headers: " + actual_header.join(', ');
183 }
184 }
185 });
186 return;
187 };
188 loadCSV(data);
189 };
190 });
191 };
192
193 $scope.importFromWorkspace = function() {
194 var modal = $uibModal.open({
195 templateUrl: 'scripts/vulndb/partials/importFromWs.html',
196 controller: 'vulnModelModalImportFromWs',
197 size: 'sm',
198 resolve: { }
199 });
200
201 modal.result.then(function(data) {
202 document.body.style.cursor='wait';
203 ServerAPI.getVulns(data).then(
204 function(vulns_data) {
205 $scope.disabledClick = true;
206 var vulns = vulns_data.data.vulnerabilities;
207 vulns.forEach(function(vuln) {
208 var relevant_vuln = {};
209 relevant_vuln.name = vuln.value.name;
210 relevant_vuln.description = vuln.value.desc;
211 relevant_vuln.resolution = vuln.value.resolution;
212 relevant_vuln.exploitation = vuln.value.severity;
213 relevant_vuln.references = vuln.value.refs;
214 $scope.insert(relevant_vuln);
215 });
216 }).then(function() {
217 document.body.style.cursor = "default";
218 $scope.disabledClick = false;
219 });
220 });
221 };
222
223 $scope.delete = function() {
224 var selected = $scope.selectedModels();
225
226 if(selected.length == 0) {
227 $uibModal.open({
228 templateUrl: 'scripts/commons/partials/modalKO.html',
229 controller: 'commonsModalKoCtrl',
230 size: 'sm',
231 resolve: {
232 msg: function() {
233 return 'No models were selected to delete';
234 }
235 }
236 });
237 } else {
238 var message = "A vulnerability model will be deleted";
239 if(selected.length > 1) {
240 message = selected.length + " vulnerability models will be deleted";
241
242 }
243 message = message.concat(". This operation cannot be undone. Are you sure you want to proceed?");
244 $uibModal.open({
245 templateUrl: 'scripts/commons/partials/modalDelete.html',
246 controller: 'commonsModalDelete',
247 size: 'lg',
248 resolve: {
249 msg: function() {
250 return message;
251 }
252 }
253 }).result.then(function() {
254 $scope.remove(selected);
255 }, function() {
256 //dismised, do nothing
257 });
258 }
259 };
260
261 $scope.insert = function(data) {
262 return vulnModelsManager.create(data)
263 .catch(function(message) {
264 commonsFact.errorDialog(message);
265 });
266 };
267
268 $scope.new = function() {
269 var modal = $uibModal.open({
270 templateUrl: 'scripts/vulndb/partials/modalNew.html',
271 controller: 'vulnModelModalNew',
272 size: 'lg',
273 resolve: {}
274 });
275
276 modal.result
277 .then(function(data) {
278 $scope.insert(data);
279 });
280 };
281
282 $scope.update = function(model, data) {
283 vulnModelsManager.update(model, data)
284 .catch(function(message) {
285 commonsFact.errorDialog(message);
286 });
287 };
288
289 $scope.edit = function() {
290 if($scope.selectedModels().length == 1) {
291 var model = $scope.selectedModels()[0];
292 var modal = $uibModal.open({
293 templateUrl: 'scripts/vulndb/partials/modalEdit.html',
294 controller: 'vulndDbModalEdit',
295 size: 'lg',
296 resolve: {
297 model: function() {
298 return model;
299 }
300 }
301 });
302
303 modal.result.then(function(data) {
304 $scope.update(model, data);
305 });
306 } else {
307 commonsFact.errorDialog("No Vulnerability Models were selected to edit.");
308 }
309 };
310
311 $scope.selectedModels = function() {
312 var selected = [];
313
314 $filter('filter')($scope.models, $scope.search).forEach(function(model) {
315 if(model.selected === true) {
316 selected.push(model);
317 }
318 });
319
320 return selected;
321 };
322
323 $scope.pagesOnSearch = function() {
324 var number = $scope.howManyInSearch();
325 if (number === undefined) { return undefined; }
326 return Math.ceil(number / 20);
327 };
328
329 $scope.howManyInSearch = function() {
330 if (! $scope.search) { return undefined; } // if nothing is searched, there's nothing there
331 var filteredModels = $filter('filter')($scope.models, $scope.search);
332 return filteredModels.length;
333 };
334
335 $scope.checkAll = function() {
336 $scope.selectall_models = !$scope.selectall_models;
337
338 tmp_models = $filter('filter')($scope.models, $scope.search);
339 tmp_models = tmp_models.slice(this.currentPage * this.pageSize-20, this.currentPage * this.pageSize);
340 tmp_models.forEach(function(model) {
341 model.selected = $scope.selectall_models;
342 });
343 };
344
345 // changes the URL according to search params
346 $scope.searchFor = function(search, params) {
347 // TODO: It would be nice to find a way for changing
348 // the url without reloading the controller
349 if(search && params != "" && params != undefined) {
350 var filter = commonsFact.parseSearchExpression(params);
351 var URLParams = commonsFact.searchFilterToURLParams(filter);
352 url += "/search/" + URLParams;
353 }
354
355 $location.path(url);
356 };
357
358
359 // toggles sort field and order
360 $scope.toggleSort = function(field) {
361 $scope.toggleSortField(field);
362 $scope.toggleReverse();
363 };
364
365 // toggles column sort field
366 $scope.toggleSortField = function(field) {
367 $scope.sort_field = field;
368 };
369
370 // toggle column sort order
371 $scope.toggleReverse = function() {
372 $scope.reverse = !$scope.reverse;
373 };
374
375 var equalAsSets = function(a, b) {
376 if(a.length != b.length) return false;
377
378 a.forEach(function(elem) {
379 if(b.indexOf(elem) == -1) return false
380 });
381
382 b.forEach(function(elem) {
383 if(a.indexOf(elem) == -1) return false
384 });
385
386 return true;
387 };
388
389 init();
390 }]);
391
392 //We already have a limitTo filter built-in to angular,
393 //let's make a startFrom filter
394 angular.module('faradayApp').filter('startFrom', function() {
395 return function(input, start) {
396 start = +start; //parse to int
397 return input.slice(start);
398 };
399 });
+19
-0
server/www/scripts/vulndb/partials/importFromWs.html less more
0 <!-- Faraday Penetration Test IDE -->
1 <!-- Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/) -->
2 <!-- See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information -->
3
4 <form name="form" novalidate>
5 <div class="modal-header">
6 <div class="modal-button">
7 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-click="ok()" ng-disabled="form.$invalid">OK</button>
8 <button class="btn btn-danger" ng-click="cancel()">Cancel</button>
9 </div>
10 <h4 class="modal-title">Import from workspace</h4>
11 </div>
12 <div class="modal-body">
13 <p> Select workspace from where to import </p>
14 <select ng-model="selectedWs">
15 <option ng-repeat="ws in workspaces" value="{{ws}}">{{ws}}</option>
16 </select>
17 </div><!-- .modal-body -->
18 </form>
+12
-0
server/www/scripts/vulndb/partials/modalCreateDB.html less more
0 <!-- Faraday Penetration Test IDE -->
1 <!-- Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/) -->
2 <!-- See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information -->
3
4 <div class="modal-header">
5 <h3 class="modal-title">Oops!</h3>
6 </div>
7 <div class="modal-body">
8 <p>{{message}}</p>
9 <button class="btn btn-danger" ng-click="no()">No</button>
10 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-click="yes()">Yes</button>
11 </div><!-- .modal-body -->
+70
-0
server/www/scripts/vulndb/partials/modalEdit.html less more
0 <!-- Faraday Penetration Test IDE -->
1 <!-- Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/) -->
2 <!-- See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information -->
3
4 <form name="form" ng-submit="ok()" novalidate>
5 <div class="modal-header">
6 <div class="modal-button">
7 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-click="ok()" ng-disabled="form.$invalid">OK</button>
8 <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" ng-click="cancel()">Cancel</button>
9 </div>
10 <h3 class="modal-title">Edit {{model.name}} Vulnerability Model</h3>
11 </div>
12 <div class="modal-body">
13 <div class="form-horizontal">
14 <div class="form-group">
15 <div class="col-md-6">
16 <label for="model">Name *</label>
17 <input type="text" name="name" class="form-control" placeholder="Name" ng-model="data.name" required>
18 </div><!-- .col-md-6 -->
19 <div class="col-md-12">
20 <p class="has-error" ng-show="(form.product.$touched && form.product.$error.required)">
21 <span class="help-block">Vulnerability Model name is required</span>
22 </p>
23 </div><!-- .col-md-12 -->
24 </div><!-- .form-group -->
25 <div class="form-group">
26 <div class="col-md-12">
27 <label for="CWE">CWE</label>
28 <textarea class="form-control" name="cwe" placeholder="CWE" ng-model="data.cwe"></textarea>
29 </div>
30 </div><!-- .form-group -->
31 <div class="form-group">
32 <div class="col-md-12">
33 <label for="description">Description</label>
34 <textarea class="form-control" name="description" placeholder="Description" ng-model="data.description"></textarea>
35 </div>
36 </div><!-- .form-group -->
37 <div class="form-group">
38 <div class="col-md-12">
39 <label for="resolution">Resolution</label>
40 <textarea class="form-control" name="resolution" placeholder="Resolution" ng-model="data.resolution"></textarea>
41 </div>
42 </div><!-- .form-group -->
43 <div class="form-group">
44 <div class="col-md-12">
45 <label for="References">References</label>
46 <textarea class="form-control" name="References" placeholder="References" ng-model="data.references"></textarea>
47 </div>
48 </div><!-- .form-group -->
49 <div class="form-group">
50 <div class="col-md-12">
51 <label for="Explotation">Explotation</label>
52 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" name="exploitation" data-toggle="dropdown" title="Choose exploitation" ng-class="{'button-error': data.exploitation === undefined}">
53 {{data.exploitation || 'Choose exploitation'}} <span class="caret"></span>
54 </button>
55 <ul id="nav" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-left" role="menu">
56 <li ng-repeat="s in exploitations"><a href="" class="ws color-{{s}}" ng-click="data.exploitation=s">{{s}}</a></li>
57 </ul><!-- WS navigation -->
58 </div>
59 </div><!-- .form-group -->
60 <p>All fields marked * are required</p>
61 </div><!-- .form-horizontal -->
62 </div><!-- .modal-body -->
63 <div class="modal-footer">
64 <div class="modal-button">
65 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-disabled="form.$invalid || (data.name == '')" ng-click="ok()">OK</button>
66 <button class="btn btn-danger" ng-click="cancel()">Cancel</button>
67 </div>
68 </div><!-- .modal-body -->
69 </form>
+70
-0
server/www/scripts/vulndb/partials/modalNew.html less more
0 <!-- Faraday Penetration Test IDE -->
1 <!-- Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/) -->
2 <!-- See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information -->
3
4 <form name="form" novalidate>
5 <div class="modal-header">
6 <div class="modal-button">
7 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-click="ok()" ng-disabled="form.$invalid || (model.name == '')">OK</button>
8 <button class="btn btn-danger" ng-click="cancel()">Cancel</button>
9 </div>
10 <h3 class="modal-title">New Vulnerability Model</h3>
11 </div>
12 <div class="modal-body">
13 <div class="form-horizontal">
14 <div class="form-group">
15 <div class="col-md-6">
16 <label for="model">Name *</label>
17 <input type="text" name="name" class="form-control" placeholder="Name" ng-model="data.name" required>
18 </div><!-- .col-md-6 -->
19 <div class="col-md-12">
20 <p class="has-error" ng-show="(form.product.$touched && form.product.$error.required)">
21 <span class="help-block">Vulnerability Model name is required</span>
22 </p>
23 </div><!-- .col-md-12 -->
24 </div><!-- .form-group -->
25 <div class="form-group">
26 <div class="col-md-12">
27 <label for="CWE">CWE</label>
28 <textarea class="form-control" name="cwe" placeholder="CWE" ng-model="data.cwe"></textarea>
29 </div>
30 </div><!-- .form-group -->
31 <div class="form-group">
32 <div class="col-md-12">
33 <label for="description">Description</label>
34 <textarea class="form-control" name="description" placeholder="Description" ng-model="data.description"></textarea>
35 </div>
36 </div><!-- .form-group -->
37 <div class="form-group">
38 <div class="col-md-12">
39 <label for="resolution">Resolution</label>
40 <textarea class="form-control" name="resolution" placeholder="Resolution" ng-model="data.resolution"></textarea>
41 </div>
42 </div><!-- .form-group -->
43 <div class="form-group">
44 <div class="col-md-12">
45 <label for="References">References</label>
46 <textarea class="form-control" name="References" placeholder="References" ng-model="data.references"></textarea>
47 </div>
48 </div><!-- .form-group -->
49 <div class="form-group">
50 <div class="col-md-12">
51 <label for="Explotation">Explotation</label>
52 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" name="exploitation" data-toggle="dropdown" title="Choose exploitation" ng-class="{'button-error': data.exploitation === undefined}">
53 {{data.exploitation || 'Choose exploitation'}} <span class="caret"></span>
54 </button>
55 <ul id="nav" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-left" role="menu">
56 <li ng-repeat="s in exploitations"><a href="" class="ws color-{{s}}" ng-click="data.exploitation=s">{{s}}</a></li>
57 </ul><!-- WS navigation -->
58 </div>
59 </div>
60 <p>All fields marked * are required</p>
61 </div><!-- .form-horizontal -->
62 </div><!-- .modal-body -->
63 <div class="modal-footer">
64 <div class="modal-button">
65 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-disabled="form.$invalid || (data.name == '')" ng-click="ok()">OK</button>
66 <button class="btn btn-danger" ng-click="cancel()">Cancel</button>
67 </div>
68 </div>
69 </form>
+29
-0
server/www/scripts/vulndb/partials/upload.html less more
0 <!-- Faraday Penetration Test IDE -->
1 <!-- Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/) -->
2 <!-- See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information -->
3
4 <form name="form" novalidate>
5 <div class="modal-header">
6 <div class="modal-button">
7 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-click="_import()" ng-disabled="form.$invalid">OK</button>
8 <button class="btn btn-danger" ng-click="cancel()">Cancel</button>
9 </div>
10 <h3 class="modal-title">Import CSV</h3>
11 </div>
12 <div class="modal-body">
13 <!-- <input type="file" id="file" name="file"/> -->
14 <!-- <button ng-click="_import()">Upload</button> -->
15 <span class="help-block">
16 <p> Please note the CSV headers must be: cwe, name, description, resolution, exploitation, references.</p>
17 <p> All of these are optional except for the name column.</p>
18 <p> Also keep in mind there we ship with some useful CSV which you can find at $FARADAY/data/*.csv </p>
19 </span>
20 <input type="file" id="file" name="file"/>
21 </div><!-- .modal-body -->
22 <div class="modal-footer">
23 <div class="modal-button">
24 <button class="btn btn-success" ng-disabled="form.$invalid" ng-click="_import()">OK</button>
25 <button class="btn btn-danger" ng-click="cancel()">Cancel</button>
26 </div>
27 </div>
28 </form>
+95
-0
server/www/scripts/vulndb/partials/vulndb.html less more
0 <!-- Faraday Penetration Test IDE -->
1 <!-- Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/) -->
2 <!-- See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information -->
3
4 <section id="main" class="seccion clearfix">
5 <div class="right-main" ng-show="db_exists">
6 <div id="reports-main" class="fila clearfix">
7 <div class="ws-label">
8 <h2><span id="ws-name" title="">Vulnerability Templates</span></h2><!-- WS name -->
9 </div><!-- .ws-label -->
10 <div class="reports col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12">
11 <div class="button-control col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12">
12 <div id="merge" class="btn-group btn-small-margin">
13 <button id="import" type="button" class="btn btn-success" title="Import from CSV" ng-click="disabledClick || importCSV()">
14 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-upload"></span>
15 Import
16 </button>
17 </div>
18 <button id="delete" type="button" class="btn btn-default" title="Delete selected items" ng-click="disabledClick || delete()">
19 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash"></span>
20 Delete
21 </button>
22 <div id="merge" class="btn-group btn-small-margin">
23 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" title="Edit selected vulns" ng-click="disabledClick || edit()" ng-disabled="selectedModels().length != 1">
24 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil"></span>
25 Edit
26 </button>
27 </div>
28 <button id="new" type="button" class="btn btn-success" title="New Vulnerablity Model" ng-click="disabledClick || new()">
29 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign"></span>
30 New
31 </button>
32 </div><!-- .col-md-6 .col-sm-6 .col-xs-12 -->
33 <div class="form-group">
34 <div class="input-group">
35 <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm" ng-model="search" placeholder="enter keywords" />
36 <span class="input-group-btn">
37 <button class="btn btn-sm" type="button">
38 <i class="fa fa-search"></i>
39 </button>
40 </span>
41 </div>
42 </div>
43 <table class="status-report licenses-list table table-responsive">
44 <thead>
45 <tr>
46 <th><input type="checkbox" ng-model="selectall" ng-click="disabledClick || checkAll()"/></th>
47 <th>
48 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('name')">Name</a>
49 </th>
50 <th>
51 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('description')">Description</a>
52 </th>
53 <th>
54 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('resolution')">Resolution</a>
55 </th>
56 <th>
57 <a href="" ng-click="toggleSort('exploitation')">Exploitation</a>
58 </th>
59 <th></th>
60 </tr>
61 </thead>
62 <tbody>
63 <tr ng-repeat="model in models | filter:search | startFrom:(currentPage*pageSize)-20 | limitTo:pageSize | orderBy:name"
64 selection-model selection-model-type="checkbox"
65 selection-model-mode="multiple-additive"
66 selection-model-selected-class="multi-selected"
67 selection-model-on-change="selectedModels()">
68 <td><input type="checkbox" name="{{model._id}}"/></td>
69 <td>{{model.name}}</td>
70 <td>{{model.description}}</td>
71 <td>{{model.resolution}}</td>
72 <td>{{model.exploitation}}</td>
73 </div>
74 </tr>
75 </tbody>
76 </table>
77 <div class="showPagination">
78 <div class="form-group">
79 <ul class="pagination">
80 <li><a ng-hide="prevPageDisabled()" ng-click="disabledClick || prevPage()"><span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span><span class="sr-only">Previous</span></a></li>
81 <li><a>{{currentPage}}/{{pageCount()}}</a></li>
82 <li><a ng-hide="nextPageDisabled()" ng-click="disabledClick || nextPage()"><span aria-hidden="true">&raquo;</span><span class="sr-only">Next</span></a></li>
83 </ul>
84 <form name="goToPage" id="goToPageStatus">
85 <div class="col-md-2">
86 <input type="number" min="1" max="{{pageCount()}}" class="form-control" ng-model="newCurrentPage" placeholder="Go to page"/>
87 </div>
88 <button class="btn btn-default" ng-click="disabledClick || go()">GO</button>
89 </form>
90 </div>
91 </div><!-- .showPagination -->
92 </div><!-- .reports -->
93 </div><!-- #reports-main --></div><!-- .right-main -->
94 </section><!-- #main -->
+121
-0
server/www/scripts/vulndb/providers/vulnModel.js less more
0 // Faraday Penetration Test IDE
1 // Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
2 // See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
3
4 angular.module('faradayApp').
5 factory('VulnModel', ['BASEURL', 'configSrv', '$http', '$q',
6 function(BASEURL, configSrv, $http, $q) {
7 function VulnModel(data) {
8 this._id = "";
9 this._rev = "";
10 this.exploitation = "";
11 this.references = [];
12 this.name = "";
13 this.resolution = "";
14 this.cwe = "";
15 this.description = "";
16 if (data) {
17 if(data.name === undefined || data.name === "") {
18 throw new Error("Unable to create a Vulnerability Model whithout a name");
19 }
20 this.set(data);
21 }
22 };
23
24 VulnModel.prototype = {
25
26 public_properties: ['exploitation', 'references', 'name', 'resolution', 'cwe', 'description'],
27
28 set: function(data) {
29 var self = this;
30
31 if(data._id != undefined) {
32 self._id = data._id;
33 if(data._rev !== undefined) {
34 self._rev = data._rev;
35 };
36 }
37
38 self.public_properties.forEach(function(property) {
39 if(data[property] !== undefined) {
40 self[property] = data[property];
41 };
42 });
43 },
44
45 remove: function() {
46 var deferred = $q.defer();
47 var self = this;
48
49 configSrv.promise.
50 then(function() {
51 var url = BASEURL + configSrv.vulnModelsDB + "/" + self._id + "?rev=" + self._rev;
52
53 $http.delete(url).
54 then(function(resp) {
55 deferred.resolve(resp);
56 }, function(data, status, headers, config) {
57 deferred.reject("Unable to delete Vuln Model from DB. " + status)
58 });
59 }, function(reason) {
60 deferred.reject(reason);
61 });
62
63 return deferred.promise;
64 },
65
66 update: function(data) {
67 var deferred = $q.defer();
68 var self = this;
69
70 configSrv.promise.
71 then(function() {
72 var url = BASEURL + configSrv.vulnModelsDB + "/" + self._id;
73
74 $http.put(url, data).
75 then(function(res) {
76 self.set(res.data);
77 self._rev = res.data.rev;
78 deferred.resolve(self);
79 }, function(res) {
80 deferred.reject("Unable to update the Vuln Model. " + res.data.reason);
81 });
82 }, function(reason) {
83 deferred.reject(reason);
84 });
85 return deferred.promise;
86 },
87
88 save : function() {
89 var self = this;
90 var deferred = $q.defer();
91
92 delete this._id;
93 delete this._rev;
94
95 configSrv.promise.
96 then(function() {
97 var url = BASEURL + configSrv.vulnModelsDB;
98
99 $http.post(url, self).
100 then(function(data) {
101 self._id = data.id;
102 self._rev = data.rev;
103 deferred.resolve(self);
104 }, function(res) {
105 try {
106 deferred.reject("Unable to save the Vuln Model. " + res.data.reason);
107 } catch(err) {
108 deferred.reject(err);
109 }
110 });
111 }, function(reason) {
112 deferred.reject(reason);
113 });
114
115 return deferred.promise;
116 }
117 };
118
119 return VulnModel;
120 }]);
+184
-0
server/www/scripts/vulndb/providers/vulnModels.js less more
0 // Faraday Penetration Test IDE
1 // Copyright (C) 2013 Infobyte LLC (http://www.infobytesec.com/)
2 // See the file 'doc/LICENSE' for the license information
3 //
4 angular.module('faradayApp').
5 factory('vulnModelsManager',
6 ['VulnModel', 'BASEURL', 'configSrv', '$http', '$q',
7 function(VulnModel, BASEURL, configSrv, $http, $q) {
8 var vulnModelsManager = {};
9 vulnModelsManager.models = [];
10 vulnModelsManager.totalNumberOfModels = 0;
11
12 vulnModelsManager.DBExists = function() {
13 var deferred = $q.defer();
14 var self = this;
15
16 configSrv.promise.
17 then(function() {
18 var url = BASEURL + configSrv.vulnModelsDB;
19
20 $http.head(url).
21 then(function(resp) {
22 deferred.resolve(true);
23 }, function(resp) {
24 deferred.resolve(false);
25 });
26 }, function() {
27 deferred.reject("Unable to fetch the Vulnerability Models DB name.");
28 });
29
30 return deferred.promise;
31 };
32
33 vulnModelsManager.createDB = function() {
34 var deferred = $q.defer();
35 var self = this;
36
37 configSrv.promise
38 .then(function() {
39 var url = BASEURL + configSrv.vulnModelsDB;
40
41 $http.put(url).
42 then(function(resp) {
43 deferred.resolve(true);
44 }, function(resp) {
45 deferred.reject(resp);
46 });
47 }, function() {
48 deferred.reject("Unable to fetch Vulnerability Model DB name.");
49 });
50
51 return deferred.promise;
52 };
53
54 vulnModelsManager.create = function(data, outsider) {
55 if (outsider === undefined) { var outsider = false; };
56 var deferred = $q.defer();
57 var self = this;
58
59 try {
60 var vulnModel = new VulnModel(data);
61 vulnModel.save().
62 then(function(resp) {
63 if (outsider) {
64 deferred.resolve(resp);
65 } else {
66 vulnModelsManager.get().
67 then(function() {
68 self.updateState(self.totalNumberOfModels + 1);
69 deferred.resolve(self);
70 }, function(reason) {
71 deferred.reject(reason);
72 });
73 }}, function(reason) {
74 deferred.reject(reason);
75 });
76 } catch(e) {
77 deferred.reject(e.name + ": " + e.message);
78 }
79
80 return deferred.promise;
81 };
82
83 vulnModelsManager.delete = function(vulnModel) {
84 var deferred = $q.defer();
85 var self = this;
86
87 vulnModel.remove().
88 then(function() {
89 vulnModelsManager.get().
90 then(function(resp) {
91 self.updateState(self.totalNumberOfModels - 1);
92 deferred.resolve(resp);
93 }, function(reason) {
94 deferred.reject(reason);
95 });
96 }, function(err) {
97 deferred.reject(err);
98 });
99 return deferred.promise;
100 };
101
102 vulnModelsManager.get = function() {
103 var deferred = $q.defer();
104 var self = this;
105
106 configSrv.promise.
107 then(function() {
108 var url = BASEURL + configSrv.vulnModelsDB + "/_all_docs?include_docs=true";
109
110 $http.get(url).
111 then(function(res) {
112 var data = res.data;
113 var vulnModels = [];
114
115 if (data.hasOwnProperty("rows")) {
116 data.rows.forEach(function(row) {
117 try {
118 vulnModels.push(new VulnModel(row.doc));
119 } catch(e) {
120 console.log(e.stack);
121 }
122 });
123 }
124
125 angular.copy(vulnModels, self.models);
126 deferred.resolve(vulnModels);
127 }, function(data, status, headers, config) {
128 deferred.reject("Unable to retrieve vuln models. " + status);
129 });
130 });
131
132 return deferred.promise;
133 };
134
135 vulnModelsManager.getSize = function() {
136 var deferred = $q.defer();
137 var self = this;
138
139 configSrv.promise.
140 then(function() {
141 var url = BASEURL + configSrv.vulnModelsDB + "/_all_docs";
142 $http.get(url).
143 then(function(res) {
144 var data = res.data;
145 self.updateState(data.total_rows);
146 deferred.resolve();
147 }, function(data, status) {
148 deferred.reject("Unable to retrieve documents " + status);
149 });
150 });
151 return deferred.promise;
152 };
153
154 vulnModelsManager.updateState = function(numberOfModels) {
155 this.totalNumberOfModels = numberOfModels;
156 };
157
158
159 vulnModelsManager.update = function(vulnModel, data) {
160 var deferred = $q.defer();
161 var self = this;
162
163 if (data._rev === undefined) {
164 data._rev = vulnModel._rev;
165 }
166
167 vulnModel.update(data).
168 then(function() {
169 vulnModelsManager.get().
170 then(function(resp) {
171 deferred.resolve(resp);
172 }, function(reason) {
173 deferred.reject(reason);
174 });
175 }, function(err) {
176 deferred.reject(err);
177 });
178
179 return deferred.promise;
180 };
181
182 return vulnModelsManager;
183 }]);
+5
-2
tests_web/faradayApp/components/status_report/controllers/status_report_test.js less more
175175 vulnsManagerMock = {
176176 vulns: [],
177177 getVulns: function(workspace) {
178 vulnsManagerMock.vulns = [vuln1, vuln2, vuln3];
179 return returnPromise(vulnsManagerMock.vulns);
178 if (vulnsManagerMock.vulns.length == 0)
179 vulnsManagerMock.vulns = [vuln1, vuln2, vuln3];
180 return returnPromise({
181 vulnerabilities: vulnsManagerMock.vulns,
182 count: vulnsManagerMock.vulns.length});
180183 },
181184 deleteVuln: function(vuln) {
182185 if (vuln._id === "1.2.3.4" ||
+8
-8
tests_web/faradayApp/components/vulns/providers/vuln.js less more
2525 $q = _$q_;
2626 Vuln = _Vuln_;
2727 attachmentsFact = _attachmentsFact_;
28 BASEURL = 'http://localhost:9876/';
28 BASEURL = 'http://localhost:9876/_api/';
2929
3030 new_name = "new name";
3131 new_desc = "new desc";
124124 }
125125 });
126126
127 it('Saving new object', function() {
128 var url = BASEURL + "ws/" + new_full_id;
127 xit('Saving new object', function() {
128 var url = BASEURL + "ws/ws/doc/" + new_full_id;
129129 var vuln = new Vuln('ws', new_data);
130130
131131 $httpBackend.expect('PUT', url).respond(201, {"rev": "1234"});
137137 expect(vuln._rev).toEqual("1234");
138138 });
139139
140 it('Saving existing object', function() {
141 var url = BASEURL + "ws/" + old_full_id;
140 xit('Saving existing object', function() {
141 var url = BASEURL + "ws/ws/doc/" + old_full_id;
142142 var vuln = new Vuln('ws', old_data);
143143
144144 $httpBackend.expect('PUT', url).respond(201, {"rev": "1234"});
150150 expect(vuln._rev).toEqual("1234");
151151 });
152152
153 it('Updating object', function() {
154 var url = BASEURL + "ws/" + new_full_id;
153 xit('Updating object', function() {
154 var url = BASEURL + "ws/ws/doc/" + new_full_id;
155155 var vuln = new Vuln('ws', new_data);
156156
157157 $httpBackend.expect('PUT', url).respond(201, {"rev": "1234"});
172172 });
173173
174174 it('Deleting object', function() {
175 var url = BASEURL + "ws/" + old_full_id + "?rev=" + old_data._rev;
175 var url = BASEURL + "ws/ws/doc/" + old_full_id + "?rev=" + old_data._rev;
176176 var vuln = new Vuln('ws', old_data);
177177
178178 $httpBackend.expect('DELETE', url).respond(200);
+11
-11
tests_web/faradayApp/components/vulns/providers/vulns.js less more
205205 WebVuln = _WebVuln_;
206206 hostsManager = _hostsManager_;
207207 servicesManager = _servicesManager_;
208 BASEURL = 'http://localhost:9876/';
208 BASEURL = 'http://localhost:9876/_api/ws/';
209209 });
210210
211211 });
216216 });
217217
218218 describe('Basic usage', function() {
219 it('getVulns', function() {
219 xit('getVulns', function() {
220220 var vulns;
221221
222 $httpBackend.expect('GET', BASEURL + 'ws/_design/vulns/_view/all').respond(200, couchVuln1);
222 $httpBackend.expect('GET', BASEURL + 'ws/vulns').respond(200, couchVuln1);
223223
224224 vulnsManager.getVulns("ws")
225225 .then(function(vs) {
250250 });
251251 });
252252
253 it('createVuln', function() {
253 xit('createVuln', function() {
254254 var id = vuln1._id,
255255 vuln = vuln1;
256256
260260 var vulns = [];
261261
262262 // insert new vuln in Couch
263 $httpBackend.expect('PUT', BASEURL + "ws/" + id).respond(201, {"rev": "1234"});
263 $httpBackend.expect('PUT', BASEURL + "ws/doc/" + id).respond(201, {"rev": "1234"});
264264
265265 vulnsManager.createVuln("ws", vuln)
266266 .then(function(vs) {
280280 });
281281 });
282282
283 it('deleteVuln', function() {
283 xit('deleteVuln', function() {
284284 var id = vuln1._id;
285285 var vuln = angular.copy(vuln1);
286286 delete vuln._id;
287287 delete vuln._rev;
288288
289289 // insert new vuln in Couch
290 $httpBackend.expect('PUT', BASEURL + "ws/" + id).respond(201, {"rev": vuln1._rev});
290 $httpBackend.expect('PUT', BASEURL + "ws/doc/" + id).respond(201, {"rev": vuln1._rev});
291291
292292 vulnsManager.createVuln("ws", vuln);
293293
294294 $httpBackend.flush();
295295
296296 // delete vuln
297 $httpBackend.expect('DELETE', BASEURL + 'ws/' + id + "?rev=" + vuln1._rev).respond(200);
297 $httpBackend.expect('DELETE', BASEURL + 'ws/doc/' + id + "?rev=" + vuln1._rev).respond(200);
298298
299299 vulnsManager.deleteVuln(vulnsManager.vulns[0]);
300300 $httpBackend.flush();
302302 expect(vulnsManager.vulns.length).toEqual(0);
303303 });
304304
305 it('updateVuln', function() {
305 xit('updateVuln', function() {
306306 var id = vuln1._id;
307307 var vuln = angular.copy(vuln1);
308308 delete vuln._id;
309309 delete vuln._rev;
310310
311311 // insert new vuln in Couch
312 $httpBackend.expect('PUT', BASEURL + "ws/" + id).respond(201, {"rev": "1234"});
312 $httpBackend.expect('PUT', BASEURL + "ws/doc/" + id).respond(201, {"rev": "1234"});
313313 // call to insert
314314 vulnsManager.createVuln("ws", vuln);
315315 $httpBackend.flush();
316316
317317 // update vuln
318 $httpBackend.expect('PUT', BASEURL + 'ws/' + id).respond(200, {"rev": "1-abe16726389e434ca3f37384ea76128e"});
318 $httpBackend.expect('PUT', BASEURL + 'ws/doc/' + id).respond(200, {"rev": "1-abe16726389e434ca3f37384ea76128e"});
319319
320320 var vulns = vulnsManager.updateVuln(vulnsManager.vulns[0], vuln2);
321321 $httpBackend.flush();
+8
-8
tests_web/faradayApp/components/vulns/providers/web.js less more
2727 beforeEach(inject(function($injector, _WebVuln_) {
2828 $httpBackend = $injector.get('$httpBackend');
2929 WebVuln = _WebVuln_;
30 BASEURL = 'http://localhost:9876/';
30 BASEURL = 'http://localhost:9876/_api/';
3131
3232 new_name = "new name";
3333 new_website = "new website";
146146 }
147147 });
148148
149 it('Saving new object', function() {
150 var url = BASEURL + "ws/" + new_full_id;
149 xit('Saving new object', function() {
150 var url = BASEURL + "ws/ws/doc/" + new_full_id;
151151 var vuln = new WebVuln('ws', new_data);
152152
153153 $httpBackend.expect('PUT', url).respond(201, {"rev": "1234"});
159159 expect(vuln._rev).toEqual("1234");
160160 });
161161
162 it('Saving existing object', function() {
163 var url = BASEURL + "ws/" + old_full_id;
162 xit('Saving existing object', function() {
163 var url = BASEURL + "ws/ws/doc/" + old_full_id;
164164 var vuln = new WebVuln('ws', old_data);
165165
166166 $httpBackend.expect('PUT', url).respond(201, {"rev": "1234"});
172172 expect(vuln._rev).toEqual("1234");
173173 });
174174
175 it('Updating object', function() {
176 var url = BASEURL + "ws/" + new_full_id;
175 xit('Updating object', function() {
176 var url = BASEURL + "ws/ws/doc/" + new_full_id;
177177 var vuln = new WebVuln('ws', new_data);
178178
179179 $httpBackend.expect('PUT', url).respond(201, {"rev": "1234"});
194194 });
195195
196196 it('Deleting object', function() {
197 var url = BASEURL + "ws/" + old_full_id + "?rev=" + old_data._rev;
197 var url = BASEURL + "ws/ws/doc/" + old_full_id + "?rev=" + old_data._rev;
198198 var vuln = new WebVuln('ws', old_data);
199199
200200 $httpBackend.expect('DELETE', url).respond(200);
+13
-13
tests_web/faradayApp/components/workspaces/providers/workspaces_test.js less more
1313 var $workspacesFact = $injector.get('workspacesFact');
1414
1515 createFactory = function() {
16 return $injector.get('workspacesFact', {'BASEURL' : 'http://localhost:9876/',
16 return $injector.get('workspacesFact', {'BASEURL' : 'http://localhost:9876/_api/',
1717 '$http': $httpBackend});
1818 };
1919 }));
2525 });
2626
2727 describe('Workspaces Service CRUD', function() {
28 it('Tests if factory is well created', function() {
28 xit('Tests if factory is well created', function() {
2929 fact = createFactory();
3030 });
3131
32 it('Tests if existence is well asked', function() {
33 $httpBackend.when('HEAD', 'http://localhost:9876/test_workspace')
32 xit('Tests if existence is well asked', function() {
33 $httpBackend.when('HEAD', 'http://localhost:9876/_api/ws/test_workspace')
3434 .respond(200, '');
3535
36 $httpBackend.expectHEAD('http://localhost:9876/test_workspace');
36 $httpBackend.expectHEAD('http://localhost:9876/_api/ws/test_workspace');
3737 fact = createFactory();
3838 fact.exists('test_workspace').then(function(exist){
3939 expect(exist).toBe(true);
4141 $httpBackend.flush();
4242 });
4343
44 it('Tests if OK Inserts are well done', function() {
44 xit('Tests if OK Inserts are well done', function() {
4545 var workspace = {
4646 "_id": "test_workspace",
4747 "customer": "",
6161 }
6262 };
6363
64 $httpBackend.expectPUT('http://localhost:9876/test_workspace',
64 $httpBackend.expectPUT('http://localhost:9876/_api/ws/test_workspace',
6565 workspace).respond(200, {"ok": true});
6666
67 $httpBackend.expectPUT('http://localhost:9876/test_workspace/test_workspace',
67 $httpBackend.expectPUT('http://localhost:9876/_api/ws/test_workspace/test_workspace',
6868 workspace).respond(200, {"ok": true});
6969
70 $httpBackend.expectGET('http://localhost:9876/reports/_design/reports').respond(200, object);
70 $httpBackend.expectGET('http://localhost:9876/_api/ws/reports/_design/reports').respond(200, object);
7171
72 $httpBackend.expectPOST('http://localhost:9876/test_workspace/_bulk_docs',
72 $httpBackend.expectPOST('http://localhost:9876/_api/ws/test_workspace/_bulk_docs',
7373 {'docs': []}).respond(200, {"ok": true});
7474
75 $httpBackend.when('HEAD', 'http://localhost:9876/test_workspace')
75 $httpBackend.when('HEAD', 'http://localhost:9876/_api/ws/test_workspace')
7676 .respond(200, '');
7777
7878 fact = createFactory();
8484 $httpBackend.flush();
8585 });
8686
87 it('Tests if OK Delete are well done', function() {
88 $httpBackend.expectDELETE('http://localhost:9876/test_workspace').
87 xit('Tests if OK Delete are well done', function() {
88 $httpBackend.expectDELETE('http://localhost:9876/_api/ws/test_workspace').
8989 respond(200, {"ok": true});
9090
9191 fact = createFactory();
+24
-20
tests_web/karma.conf.js less more
77 basePath : './',
88
99 files : [
10 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/jquery-1.11.2.js',
11 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/angular.js',
12 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/angular-mocks.js',
13 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/angular-route.js',
14 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/angular-selection-model.js',
15 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/*bootstrap*.js',
16 '../views/reports/_attachments/scripts/app.js',
17 '../views/reports/_attachments/scripts/**/*.js',
10 '../server/www/script/mousetrap.js',
11 '../server/www/script/jquery-1.9.1.js',
12 '../server/www/script/bootstrap.min.js',
13 '../server/www/script/angular.js',
14 '../server/www/script/angular-cookies.js',
15 '../server/www/script/angular-hotkeys.js',
16 '../server/www/script/angular-route.js',
17 '../server/www/script/angular-selection-model.js',
18 '../server/www/script/angular-file-upload-shim.js',
19 '../server/www/script/angular-file-upload.js',
20 '../server/www/script/angular-mocks.js',
21 '../server/www/script/ngClip.js',
22 '../server/www/script/ui-bootstrap-tpls-0.14.1.min.js',
23 '../server/www/script/cryptojs-sha1.js',
24 '../server/www/script/ZeroClipboard.min.js',
25 '../server/www/script/sanitize.js',
26 '../server/www/script/angular-ui-notification.min.js',
27 '../server/www/script/Chart.js',
28 '../server/www/script/angular-chart.min.js',
29 '../server/www/script/ui-grid.js',
30 '../server/www/script/moment.js',
31 '../server/www/script/angular-moment.js',
32 '../server/www/scripts/app.js',
33 '../server/www/scripts/**/*.js',
1834 '../tests_web/faradayApp/components/**/*.js',
19 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/angular-file-upload-shim.js',
20 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/angular-file-upload.js',
21 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/ngClip.js',
22 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/angular-cookies.js',
23 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/ZeroClipboard.min.js',
24 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/mousetrap.js',
25 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/angular-hotkeys.js',
26 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/cryptojs-sha1.js',
27 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/Chart.js',
28 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/angular-chart.min.js',
29 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/sanitize.js',
30 '../views/reports/_attachments/script/ui-grid.js'
3135 ],
3236
3337 autoWatch : true,
+3
-2
tests_web/package.json less more
88 "angular-mocks": "^1.3.0",
99 "http-server": "^0.6.1",
1010 "jasmine-core": "^2.1.2",
11 "karma": "^0.12.28",
11 "karma": "=1.4.1",
1212 "karma-chrome-launcher": "^0.1.5",
1313 "karma-jasmine": "^0.3.2",
1414 "karma-junit-reporter": "^0.2.2",
1515 "protractor": "^1.1.1",
16 "shelljs": "^0.2.6"
16 "shelljs": "^0.2.6",
17 "karma-firefox-launcher": "^1.0.1"
1718 },
1819 "scripts": {
1920 "prestart": "npm install",