factory_boy integration with the pytest runner
pytest-factoryboy makes it easy to combine factory approach to the test setup with the dependency injection, heart of the pytest fixtures.
Install pytest-factoryboy
pip install pytest-factoryboy
Concept
Library exports a function to register factories as fixtures. Fixtures are contributed to the same module where register function is called.
Factory Fixture
Factory fixtures allow using factories without importing them. Name convention is lowercase-underscore class name.
import factory from pytest_factoryboy import register class AuthorFactory(factory.Factory): class Meta: model = Author register(AuthorFactory) def test_factory_fixture(author_factory): author = author_factory(name="Charles Dickens") assert author.name == "Charles Dickens"
Model Fixture
Model fixture implements an instance of a model created by the factory. Name convention is lowercase-underscore class name.
import factory from pytest_factoryboy import register @register class AuthorFactory(Factory): class Meta: model = Author name = "Charles Dickens" def test_model_fixture(author): assert author.name == "Charles Dickens"
Model fixtures can be registered with specific names. For example if you address instances of some collection by the name like "first", "second" or of another parent as "other":
register(BookFactory) # book register(BookFactory, "second_book") # second_book register(AuthorFactory) # author register(AuthorFactory, "second_author") # second_author register(BookFactory, "other_book") # other_book, book of another author @pytest.fixture def other_book__author(second_author): """Make the relation of the second_book to another (second) author.""" return second_author
Attributes are Fixtures
There are fixtures created for factory attributes. Attribute names are prefixed with the model fixture name and double underscore (similar to the convention used by factory_boy).
@pytest.mark.parametrize("author__name", ["Bill Gates"]) def test_model_fixture(author): assert author.name == "Bill Gates"
SubFactory
Sub-factory attribute points to the model fixture of the sub-factory. Attributes of sub-factories are injected as dependencies to the model fixture and can be overridden via the parametrization.
post-generation
Post-generation attribute fixture implements only the extracted value for the post generation function.
Integration
An example of factory_boy and pytest integration.
factories/__init__.py:
import factory from faker import Factory as FakerFactory faker = FakerFactory.create() class AuthorFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): """Author factory.""" name = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda x: faker.name()) class Meta: model = 'app.Author' class BookFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory): """Book factory.""" title = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda x: faker.sentence(nb_words=4)) class Meta: model = 'app.Book' author = factory.SubFactory(AuthorFactory)
tests/conftest.py:
from pytest_factoryboy import register from factories import AuthorFactory, BookFactory register(AuthorFactory) register(BookFactory)
tests/test_models.py:
from app.models import Book from factories import BookFactory def test_book_factory(book_factory): """Factories become fixtures automatically.""" assert isinstance(book_factory, BookFactory) def test_book(book): """Instances become fixtures automatically.""" assert isinstance(book, Book) @pytest.mark.parametrize("book__title", ["PyTest for Dummies"]) @pytest.mark.parametrize("author__name", ["Bill Gates"]) def test_parametrized(book): """You can set any factory attribute as a fixture using naming convention.""" assert book.name == "PyTest for Dummies" assert book.author.name == "Bill Gates"
Fixture partial specialization
There is a possibility to pass keyword parameters in order to override factory attribute values during fixture registration. This comes in handy when your test case is requesting a lot of fixture flavors. Too much for the regular pytest parametrization. In this case you can register fixture flavors in the local test module and specify value deviations inside register function calls.
register(AuthorFactory, "male_author", gender="M", name="John Doe") register(AuthorFactory, "female_author", gender="F") @pytest.fixture def female_author__name(): """Override female author name as a separate fixture.""" return "Jane Doe" @pytest.mark.parametrize("male_author__age", [42]) # Override even more def test_partial(male_author, female_author): """Test fixture partial specialization.""" assert male_author.gender == "M" assert male_author.name == "John Doe" assert male_author.age == 42 assert female_author.gender == "F" assert female_author.name == "Jane Doe"
Fixture attributes
Sometimes it is necessary to pass an instance of another fixture as an attribute value to the factory. It is possible to override the generated attribute fixture where desired values can be requested as fixture dependencies. There is also a lazy wrapper for the fixture that can be used in the parametrization without defining fixtures in a module.
LazyFixture constructor accepts either existing fixture name or callable with dependencies:
import pytest from pytest_factoryboy import register, LazyFixture @pytest.mark.parametrize("book__author", [LazyFixture("another_author")]) def test_lazy_fixture_name(book, another_author): """Test that book author is replaced with another author by fixture name.""" assert book.author == another_author @pytest.mark.parametrize("book__author", [LazyFixture(lambda another_author: another_author)]) def test_lazy_fixture_callable(book, another_author): """Test that book author is replaced with another author by callable.""" assert book.author == another_author # Can also be used in the partial specialization during the registration. register(BookFactory, "another_book", author=LazyFixture("another_author"))
Post-generation dependencies
Unlike factory_boy which binds related objects using an internal container to store results of lazy evaluations, pytest-factoryboy relies on the PyTest request.
Circular dependencies between objects can be resolved using post-generation hooks/related factories in combination with passing the SelfAttribute, but in the case of PyTest request fixture functions have to return values in order to be cached in the request and to become available to other fixtures.
That's why evaluation of the post-generation declaration in pytest-factoryboy is deferred until calling the test funciton. This solves circular dependecy resolution for situations like:
o->[ A ]-->[ B ]<--[ C ]-o | | o----(C depends on A)----o
On the other hand deferring the evaluation of post-generation declarations evaluation makes their result unavailable during the generation of objects that are not in the circular dependecy, but they rely on the post-generation action.
pytest-factoryboy is trying to detect cycles and resolve post-generation dependencies automatically.
from pytest_factoryboy import register class Foo(object): def __init__(self, value): self.value = value class Bar(object): def __init__(self, foo): self.foo = foo @register class FooFactory(factory.Factory): """Foo factory.""" class Meta: model = Foo value = 0 @factory.post_generation def set1(foo, create, value, **kwargs): foo.value = 1 class BarFactory(factory.Factory): """Bar factory.""" foo = factory.SubFactory(FooFactory) @classmethod def _create(cls, model_class, foo): assert foo.value == 1 # Assert that set1 is evaluated before object generation return super(BarFactory, cls)._create(model_class, foo=foo) class Meta: model = Bar register( BarFactory, 'bar', ) """Forces 'set1' to be evaluated first.""" def test_depends_on_set1(bar): """Test that post-generation hooks are done and the value is 2.""" assert depends_on_1.foo.value == 1
Hooks
pytest-factoryboy exposes several pytest hooks which might be helpful for e.g. controlling database transaction, for reporting etc:
- pytest_factoryboy_done(request) - Called after all factory based fixtures and their post-generation actions have been evaluated.
License
This software is licensed under the MIT license.
© 2015 Oleg Pidsadnyi, Anatoly Bubenkov and others
Commit History @638904b6-f555-41ab-91aa-cf3e0334a204/main
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